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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Louisiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>New Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_language_in_the_U.S." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_language_in_the_U.S."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Spanish language in the U.S.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_language_in_the_U.S.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socioeconomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Socioeconomics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_of_Spanish_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_Spanish_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Number of Spanish Americans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Number_of_Spanish_Americans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Number of Spanish Americans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Number_of_Spanish_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Census_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Census_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Census data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Census_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1980" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>1980</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_participation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_participation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political participation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Place_names_of_Spanish_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place_names_of_Spanish_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Place names of Spanish origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Place_names_of_Spanish_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-About_Spanish_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_Spanish_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>About Spanish Americans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_Spanish_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-About_Hispanic_Americans_and_Spanish_Canadians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#About_Hispanic_Americans_and_Spanish_Canadians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>About Hispanic Americans and Spanish Canadians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-About_Hispanic_Americans_and_Spanish_Canadians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ایسپانیالی آمریکالیلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپانیالی آمریکالیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_en_Estados_Unidos" title="Inmigración española en Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inmigración española en Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="اسپانیایی آمریکایی‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپانیایی آمریکایی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano-Am%C3%A9ricains_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Hispano-Américains (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hispano-Américains (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="스페인계 미국인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인계 미국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%B3%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="スペイン系アメリカ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペイン系アメリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spanish Americans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_M%E1%BB%B9_g%E1%BB%91c_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Người Mỹ gốc Tây Ban Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Mỹ gốc Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="西班牙裔美国人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西班牙裔美国人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1041917#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Americans of Spanish birth or descent</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about United States citizens of Spanish ancestry. For information on worldwide communities of Spanish descent, see <a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Spanish diaspora</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Spanish Americans</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Españoles estadounidenses</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Americans_with_Spanish_Ancestry_by_state.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Americans_with_Spanish_Ancestry_by_state.svg/220px-Americans_with_Spanish_Ancestry_by_state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Americans_with_Spanish_Ancestry_by_state.svg/330px-Americans_with_Spanish_Ancestry_by_state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Americans_with_Spanish_Ancestry_by_state.svg/440px-Americans_with_Spanish_Ancestry_by_state.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Self-identified as "Spaniard"<br /><b>978,978</b> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Self-identified as "Spanish American"<br /> <b>50,966</b> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Self-identified as "Spanish"<br /><b>866,356</b> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages of Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity</a> (Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church in the United States">Roman Catholicism</a>, minority <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">non-religious</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spaniards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a></li><li>Hispanos</li><li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleño</a></li><li>other <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Spain" title="Category:Spain">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spanish people</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(Civil)_alternate_colours.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg/150px-Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg/225px-Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg/300px-Flag_of_Spain_%28Civil%29_alternate_colours.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Rojigualda</a></i> (historical Spanish flag)</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">Regional groups</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusians" title="Andalusians">Andalusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_people" title="Aragonese people">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturians" title="Asturians">Asturians</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <i><a href="/wiki/Vaqueiros_de_alzada" title="Vaqueiros de alzada">Vaqueiros de Alzada</a></i>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic people">Balearics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islanders" title="Canary Islanders">Canary Islanders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incl. <i><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleños</a></i>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_people" title="Cantabrian people">Cantabrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian people">Castilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremadurans" title="Extremadurans">Extremadurans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician people">Galicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_people" title="Leonese people">Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencian people">Valencians</a></li></ul> <hr /> <b>Other groups</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromintxela_language" title="Erromintxela language">Erromintxela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercheros" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercheros">Mercheros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebis" title="Maghrebis">Maghrebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitans" title="Occitans">Occitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Iberian Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetes</a>)</span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; background:#ddddff;"> Significant <a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Spanish diaspora</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Andorra#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Argentines" title="Spanish Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belgium#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Brazilians" title="Spanish Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Chileans" title="Spanish Chileans">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colombian" title="Spanish Colombian">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dominicans" title="White Dominicans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_France" title="Spanish immigration to France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Germany" title="Spanish immigration to Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy#Genetics_and_ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_Mexico" title="Spaniards in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography_of_the_Netherlands#Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Demography of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Peru" title="Spanish immigration to Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_settlement_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_Sweden" title="Spaniards in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland#Nationality" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Spaniards in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Uruguayans" title="Spanish Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Venezuela" title="Spanish immigration to Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(AKA <a href="/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Names given to the Spanish language">Castilian</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li></ul> <hr /><b>Other languages</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Astur-Leonese">Astur-Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Sign_Language" title="Catalan Sign Language">Catalan Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromintxela" class="mw-redirect" title="Erromintxela">Erromintxela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_language" title="Extremaduran language">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fala_language" title="Fala language">Fala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(AKA <a href="/wiki/Aranese_dialect" title="Aranese dialect">Aranese</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sign_Language" title="Spanish Sign Language">Spanish Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Sign_Language" title="Valencian Sign Language">Valencian Sign</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-weight:normal; border-top:#aaa 1px solid"> <b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_people" title="Category:Spanish people">Category</a> • <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/16px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></b></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_people" title="Template:Spanish people"><abbr title="View this 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and<br />Latino Americans</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">National origin groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Americans" title="Argentine Americans">Argentine Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazilian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Americans" title="Chilean Americans">Chilean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Americans" title="Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Americans" title="Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Stateside Puerto Ricans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran Americans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Americans" title="Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan Americans</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Americans by ancestry</b></div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuban_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Cuban Americans">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_(Louisiana)#History" title="Isleños (Louisiana)">Isleños of Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexican_Americans" title="History of Mexican Americans">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Puerto_Ricans" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Political movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_Movement" title="Chicano Movement">Chicano Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino American politics">Latino American politics</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Hispanic_Arts" title="Association of Hispanic Arts">Association of Hispanic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Caucus" title="Congressional Hispanic Caucus">Congressional Hispanic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Congressional Hispanic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_United_Latin_American_Citizens" title="League of United Latin American Citizens">LULAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American_Legal_Defense_and_Educational_Fund" title="Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund">MALDEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEChA" title="MEChA">MEChA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Latino_Elected_and_Appointed_Officials" title="National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials">NALEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Latino_Fraternal_Organizations" title="National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations">NALFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_La_Raza" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of La Raza">National Council of La Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hispanic_Institute" title="National Hispanic Institute">National Hispanic Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Hispanic_Assembly" title="Republican National Hispanic Assembly">RNHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Hispanic_Professional_Engineers" title="Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers">SHPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Farm_Workers" title="United Farm Workers">UFW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USHCC" class="mw-redirect" title="USHCC">USHCC</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latino_literature" title="Latino literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States" title="Latin American music in the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_poetry" title="Latino poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans#Religion" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_studies" title="Latino studies">Studies</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Languages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o_Spanish" title="Isleño Spanish">Isleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Spanish" title="Mexican Spanish">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Spanish" title="Puerto Rican Spanish">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">United States Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porglish" title="Porglish">Portuglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages of Latin America</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridanos" title="Floridanos">Floridanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_(Louisiana)" title="Isleños (Louisiana)">Isleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Nuevomexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuyorican" title="Nuyorican">Nuyorican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_Hispanic-_or_Latino-majority_in_the_2010_census" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. communities with Hispanic- or Latino-majority in the 2010 census">Communities with Latino majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Outline of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="border-top:none;font-size:97%;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="424" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Portal:Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Template:Hispanic and Latino Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Template talk:Hispanic and Latino Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanic and Latino Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Spanish Americans</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">españoles estadounidenses</i>, <i>hispanoestadounidenses</i>, or <i>hispanonorteamericanos</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">ancestry</a> originates wholly or partly from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are the longest-established <a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European American</a> group in the modern <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, with a very small group descending from those explorations leaving from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</a> (modern Mexico), and starting in the early 1500s, of 42 of the future U.S. states from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> to <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>; and beginning a continuous presence in Florida since 1565 and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> since 1598.<sup id="cite_ref-loc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, 978,978 self-identified with "Spaniard" origins representing (0.4%) of the white alone or in combination population who responded to the question. Other results include 866,356 (0.4%) identifying as "Spanish" and 50,966 who identified with "Spanish American".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> (Hispanos being the oldest group) living in the United States have <a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Spanish ancestral</a> roots due to four centuries of Spanish colonial settlement and large-scale immigration of Hispanic groups after independence. By this criterion, these groups, and especially <a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">white Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> 12,579,626 (white alone, 20.3% of all Hispanics) largely overlap with "Spanish Americans", with the caveat that the former groups can also include European ancestries other than Spanish, and often <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">African</a> ancestry. </p><p>However, the term "Spanish American" is used mostly to refer to Americans whose self-identified ancestry originates directly from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> in the 20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization of the Americas</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immigration_waves">Immigration waves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Immigration waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hispanic and Latino Americans">History of Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></div> <p>Throughout the colonial times, there were a number of European settlements of Spanish populations in the present-day <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a> with governments answerable to Madrid. The first settlement on modern-day U.S. soil was <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan, Puerto Rico</a>, in 1521, followed by <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> (the oldest in the continental United States), in 1565, followed by others in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. In 1598, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_los_Caballeros" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan de los Caballeros">San Juan de los Caballeros</a> was established, near present-day <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe, New Mexico</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a> and about 1,000 other Spaniards from the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</a>. Spanish immigrants also established settlements in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, California (1602), <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a> (1691) and <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a> (1699). By the mid-1600s the Spanish in America numbered more than 400,000.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the establishment of the American colonies, an additional 250,000 immigrants arrived either directly from Spain, the Canary Islands or, after a relatively short sojourn, from present-day central <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. These Spanish settlers expanded European influence in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>. The Canary Islanders settled in <a href="/wiki/Bayou" title="Bayou">bayou</a> areas surrounding <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> from 1778 to 1783 and in San Antonio de Bejar, San Antonio, Texas, in 1731.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known Spanish settlements in the then northern Mexico were the result of the same forces that later led the English to come to North America. Exploration had been fueled in part by imperial hopes for the discovery of wealthy civilizations. In addition, like those aboard the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a>, most Spaniards came to the New World seeking land to farm, or occasionally, as historians have recently established, freedom from religious persecution.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A smaller percentage of new Spanish settlers were descendants of <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Spanish Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">converts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Spanish Muslim</a> converts. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a> stood out in the exploration of the Americas, both as soldiers and members of the crews that sailed for the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent in the civil service and colonial administration, they were accustomed to overseas travel and residence. Many of them were also wealthy and prosperous merchants, constituting much of the upper class in <a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Spanish colonial society</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another reason for their emigration besides the restrictive inheritance laws in the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(historical_territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Country (historical territory)">Basque Country</a>, was the devastation from the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> in the first half of the nineteenth century, which was followed by defeats in the two <a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist civil wars</a>. (For more information about the Basque, and immigrants to the United States from this region, see <a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Americans</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_and_20th_centuries">19th and 20th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th and 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anita_Page_-_OUR_MODERN_MAIDENS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Anita_Page_-_OUR_MODERN_MAIDENS.jpg/180px-Anita_Page_-_OUR_MODERN_MAIDENS.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Anita_Page_-_OUR_MODERN_MAIDENS.jpg/270px-Anita_Page_-_OUR_MODERN_MAIDENS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Anita_Page_-_OUR_MODERN_MAIDENS.jpg/360px-Anita_Page_-_OUR_MODERN_MAIDENS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Spanish American actress <a href="/wiki/Anita_Page" title="Anita Page">Anita Page</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Modern_Maidens" title="Our Modern Maidens">Our Modern Maidens</a></i> (1929)</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Spanish immigration to the U.S. 1820–2000 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Period </th> <th>Arrivals </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Arrivals </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Arrivals </th></tr> <tr> <td>1820–1830</td> <td>2,616</td> <td>1891–1900</td> <td>8,731</td> <td>1961–1970</td> <td>44,659 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1831–1840</td> <td>2,125</td> <td>1901–1910</td> <td>27,935</td> <td>1971–1980</td> <td>39,141 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1841–1850</td> <td>2,209</td> <td>1911–1920</td> <td>68,611</td> <td>1981–1990</td> <td>20,433 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1851–1860</td> <td>9,298</td> <td>1921–1930</td> <td>28,958</td> <td>1991–2000</td> <td>17,157 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861–1870</td> <td>6,697</td> <td>1931–1940</td> <td>3,258</td> <td>2001–2010</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871–1880</td> <td>5,266</td> <td>1941–1950</td> <td>2,898</td> <td>2011-2020</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881–1890</td> <td>4,419</td> <td>1951–1960</td> <td>7,894</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:left;">Total arrivals: 302,305.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Immigration to the United States from Spain was controversially minimal but steady during the first half of the nineteenth century, with an increase during the 1850s and 1860s resulting from the bloody warfare of the Carlist civil wars during the years of 1833–1876. Much larger numbers of Spanish immigrants entered the country in the first quarter of the twentieth century—27,000 in the first decade and 68,000 in the second—due to the same circumstances of rural poverty and urban congestion that led other Europeans to emigrate in that period, as well as unpopular wars-in this first wave of Spanish immigration. The Spanish presence in the United States declined sharply between 1930 and 1940 from a total of 110,000 to 85,000, because many immigrants returned to Spain after finishing their farmwork. </p><p>Beginning with the coup d'état against the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> in 1936 and the devastating <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">civil war</a> that ensued, General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Spain_under_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain under Franco">dictatorship</a> for 40 years. At the time of his takeover, a small but prominent group of liberal intellectuals fled to the United States. After the civil war the country endured a period of <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a>, as Franco believed that post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Spain could survive or continue its activities without any European assistance. </p><p>In the mid-1960s, 44,000 Spaniards immigrated to the United States, as part of a second wave of Spanish immigration. In the 1960s and 1970s the economic situation improved in Spain, and Spanish immigration to the United States declined to about 3,000 per year. In the 1980s, as Europe enjoyed an economic boom, Spanish immigrants to the United States dropped to only 15,000. The 1990 U.S. census recorded 76,000 foreign-born Spaniards in the country, representing only four-tenths of a percent of the total populace.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As from the rest of Europe, 21st century immigrants from Spain are few, only 10,000 per year at most. </p><p>Much as with <a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French Americans</a>, who are of French descent but mostly by way of <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Canada</a>, the majority of the 41 million massively strong Spanish-speaking population have come by way of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but also <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, and other areas that the Spanish themselves colonized. Many of the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> bring their Spanish-speaking culture into the country. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_areas_of_settlement">Principal areas of settlement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Principal areas of settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_Nuestra_Senora_de_la_Guadalupe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Iglesia_Nuestra_Senora_de_la_Guadalupe.jpg/250px-Iglesia_Nuestra_Senora_de_la_Guadalupe.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Iglesia_Nuestra_Senora_de_la_Guadalupe.jpg/375px-Iglesia_Nuestra_Senora_de_la_Guadalupe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Iglesia_Nuestra_Senora_de_la_Guadalupe.jpg/500px-Iglesia_Nuestra_Senora_de_la_Guadalupe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1942" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe_(Manhattan)" title="Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Manhattan)">Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Little_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Spain">Little Spain</a>, important nucleus for many decades of the Spanish community in New York<sup id="cite_ref-Historia_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,113</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,244</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,764</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−11.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,121</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">6,185</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+20.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,050</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,108</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+213.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">49,535</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+124.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,362</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">44,999</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−24.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,488</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">73,735</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,415</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,858</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">83,242</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">TBD</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census. Spanish-born<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Spanish Americans in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> are found in large concentrations in five major states from 1940 through the early twenty-first century. In 1940, the highest concentration of Spaniards were in New York (primarily <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>), followed by <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950 U.S. census</a> indicated little change—New York with 14,705 residents from Spain and California with 10,890 topped the list. Spaniards followed into New Jersey with 3,382, followed by Florida (3,382) and Pennsylvania (1,790).<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1990 and 2000, there was relatively little change except in the order of the states and the addition of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. In 1990, Florida ranked first with 78,656 Spanish immigrants followed by:<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California 74,784, New York (42,309), Texas (32,226), New Jersey (28,666). The <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 U.S. census</a> saw a significant decline in Spanish-origin immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California now ranked highest (22,459), followed by, Florida (14,110 arriving from Spain), New York (13,017), New Jersey (9,183), Texas (7,202). </p><p>Communities in the United States, in keeping with their strong regional identification in Spain, have established ethnic organizations for <a href="/wiki/Basques" title="Basques">Basques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicians" title="Galicians">Galicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturians" title="Asturians">Asturians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andalusians" title="Andalusians">Andalusians</a>, and other such communities. </p><p>These figures show that there was never the mass emigration from <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a> that there was from <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. It is evident in the figures that Spanish immigration peaked in the 1910s and 1920s. The majority settled in Florida and New York, although there was also a sizable Spanish influx to <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> at the turn of the 20th century, mostly from Asturias. These Asturian immigrants worked in the U.S. zinc industry after having worked in the smelters of Real Compañía Asturiana de Minas in Arnao, on the north coast near <a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is likely that more Spaniards settled in Latin America than in the United States, due to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">common language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">shared religion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">cultural ties</a>. </p><p>Some of the first ancestors of Spanish Americans were <a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Spanish Jews</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> who spoke <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a>, a language derived from <a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>. </p><p>In the 1930s and 1940s, Spanish immigration mostly consisted of refugees fleeing from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and from the Franco military regime in Spain, which lasted until his death in 1975. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The majority of these refugees were businessmen and intellectuals, as well as union activists, and held strong liberal <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">anti-authoritarian</a> feelings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California">California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanos">Hispanos</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mission_Santa_Barbara,_Santa_Barbara,_Calif_(NYPL_b12647398-66787).tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_Santa_Barbara%2C_Calif_%28NYPL_b12647398-66787%29.tiff/lossy-page1-250px-Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_Santa_Barbara%2C_Calif_%28NYPL_b12647398-66787%29.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_Santa_Barbara%2C_Calif_%28NYPL_b12647398-66787%29.tiff/lossy-page1-375px-Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_Santa_Barbara%2C_Calif_%28NYPL_b12647398-66787%29.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_Santa_Barbara%2C_Calif_%28NYPL_b12647398-66787%29.tiff/lossy-page1-500px-Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_Santa_Barbara%2C_Calif_%28NYPL_b12647398-66787%29.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="1625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mission_Santa_Barbara" title="Mission Santa Barbara">Mission Santa Barbara</a> from the east, early 20th century</figcaption></figure> <p>A Californio (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> for "Californian") is a Spanish term for a descendant of a person of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexicans" title="Mexicans">Mexican</a> ancestry who was born in <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>. "Alta California" refers to the time of the first <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish</a> presence established by the <a href="/wiki/Portol%C3%A1_expedition" title="Portolá expedition">Portolá expedition</a> in 1769 until the region's cession to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a> in 1848. </p><p>Since 1945, others sometimes referred to as Californios (many appear in the "Notable Californios" section below) include: Early Alta California immigrants who settled down and made new <a href="/wiki/Personal_life" title="Personal life">lives</a> in the province, regardless of where they were born. This group is distinct from <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">indigenous peoples of California</a>. Descendants of Californios, especially those who married other Californios. </p><p>The military, religious and civil components of pre-1848 Californio society were embodied in the thinly-populated <a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">presidios</a>, missions, pueblos and <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">ranchos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-california_Conquered_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-california_Conquered-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until they were <a href="/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican secularization act of 1833">secularized</a> in the 1830s, the twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions of California">Spanish missions of California</a>, with their thousands of more-or-less captive <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Missions_of_California#Mission_period_(1769–1833)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Missions of California">native converts</a>, controlled the most (about 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km<sup>2</sup>) per mission) and best land, had large numbers of workers, grew the most crops and had the most sheep, cattle and horses. After secularization, the Mexican authorities divided most of the mission lands into new ranchos and granted them to Mexican citizens (already present Californios) resident in California. </p><p>The Spanish colonial and later Mexican national governments encouraged settlers from the northern and western provinces of Mexico, whom Californios called "Sonorans." Small groups of people from other parts of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> (most notably <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>) also settled in California. However, only a few official colonization efforts (from <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>) were ever undertaken—notably the second expeditions of <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A1" title="Gaspar de Portolá">Gaspar de Portolá</a> (1770) and of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a> (1775–1776). Children of those few early settlers and retired soldiers became the first Californios. One genealogist estimated that, in 2004, between 300,000 and 500,000 Californians were descendants of Californios.<sup id="cite_ref-sfgenealogy_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfgenealogy-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Florida">Florida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Florida"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Floridanos" title="Floridanos">Floridanos</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa.jpg/285px-Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa.jpg/428px-Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa.jpg/570px-Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3220" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa" title="El Centro Español de Tampa">El Centro Español de Tampa</a> is a cultural house built in 1912 in the <a href="/wiki/Ybor_City" title="Ybor City">Ybor City</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Tampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa">Tampa</a>, Florida.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a>, a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistador</a>, named Florida in honor of his discovery of the land on April 2, 1513, during <a href="/wiki/Pascua_Florida" title="Pascua Florida">Pascua Florida</a>, a Spanish term for the <a href="/wiki/Easter_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter season">Easter season</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a> founded the city of <a href="/wiki/St_Augustine,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="St Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a> in 1565; the first European-founded city in what is now the continental United States. </p><p>In the early 1880s, <a href="/wiki/Tampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa">Tampa</a> was an isolated village with a population of less than 1000 and a struggling economy.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, its combination of a good port, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Plant">Henry Plant's</a> new railroad line, and humid climate attracted the attention of <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Martinez_Ybor" title="Vicente Martinez Ybor">Vicente Martinez Ybor</a>, a prominent Spanish-born <a href="/wiki/Cigar" title="Cigar">cigar</a> manufacturer; the neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Ybor_City" title="Ybor City">Ybor City</a> was named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/El_Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa" title="El Centro Español de Tampa">El Centro Español de Tampa</a> remains one of the few surviving structures specific to Spanish immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-history_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a legacy that garnered the Centro Español building recognition as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a> (NHL) on June 3, 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-nhl_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhl-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Spanish immigration to Hawaii">Spanish immigration to Hawaii</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_children_from_the_Heliopolis_in_Hawaii,_1907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Spanish_children_from_the_Heliopolis_in_Hawaii%2C_1907.jpg/285px-Spanish_children_from_the_Heliopolis_in_Hawaii%2C_1907.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Spanish_children_from_the_Heliopolis_in_Hawaii%2C_1907.jpg/428px-Spanish_children_from_the_Heliopolis_in_Hawaii%2C_1907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Spanish_children_from_the_Heliopolis_in_Hawaii%2C_1907.jpg/570px-Spanish_children_from_the_Heliopolis_in_Hawaii%2C_1907.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Spanish children from the <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Heliopolis_(1907)" title="SS Heliopolis (1907)">SS Heliopolis</a></i> after arriving in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> in 1907</figcaption></figure> <p>Spanish immigration to Hawaii began when the Hawaiian government and the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Sugar_Planters%27_Association" title="Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association">Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association</a> (HSPA) decided to supplement their ongoing importation of Portuguese workers to Hawaii with workers recruited from Spain. Importation of Spanish laborers, along with their families, continued until 1913, at which time more than 9,000 Spanish immigrants had been brought in, most recruited to work primarily on the Hawaiian sugar plantations. </p><p>The importation of Spanish laborers to Hawaii began in 1907, when the British steamship SS <i>Heliopolis</i> arrived in Honolulu Harbor with 2,246 immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fernandez1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fernandez1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, rumored poor accommodations and food on the voyage created political complications that delayed the next Spanish importation until 1911, when the SS <i>Orteric</i> arrived with a mixed contingent of 960 Spanish and 565 Portuguese immigrants, the Spanish having boarded at <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, and the Portuguese at <a href="/wiki/Oporto" class="mw-redirect" title="Oporto">Oporto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>. Although Portuguese immigration to Hawaii effectively ended after the arrival of the <i>Orteric</i>, the importation of Spanish laborers and their families continued until 1913, ultimately bringing to Hawaii a total of 9,262 Spanish immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-fernandez1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fernandez1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six ships between 1907 and 1913 brought over 9,000 Spanish immigrants from the Spanish mainland to Hawaii. Although many of the Portuguese immigrants who preceded them to Hawaii arrived on small wooden <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a> of less than a thousand <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">gross tonnage</a> capacity, all of the ships involved in the Spanish immigration were large, steel-hulled, passenger <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamships</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louisiana">Louisiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Louisiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o_(Louisiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño (Louisiana)">Isleño (Louisiana)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EstopinalOfLouisiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/EstopinalOfLouisiana.jpg/150px-EstopinalOfLouisiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/EstopinalOfLouisiana.jpg/225px-EstopinalOfLouisiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/EstopinalOfLouisiana.jpg/300px-EstopinalOfLouisiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Estopinal" title="Albert Estopinal">Albert Estopinal</a>, Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of them descend from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islanders" title="Canary Islanders">Canarian settlers</a> who arrived in Louisiana between 1778 and 1783. Its members are descendants of colonists from the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, which is part of Spain off the coast of Africa. They settled in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Louisiana">Spanish Louisiana</a> between and intermarried with other communities such as <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Creoles</a>, and other groups, mainly through the 19th and early 20th centuries. The Isleños originally settled in four communities including <a href="/wiki/Galveztown,_Louisiana" title="Galveztown, Louisiana">Galveztown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_in_Louisiana#Valenzuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleños in Louisiana">Valenzuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barataria,_Louisiana" title="Barataria, Louisiana">Barataria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Bernard_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana">San Bernardo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following significant flooding of the Mississippi River in 1782, the Barataria settlement was abandoned and the survivors were relocated to San Bernardo and Valenzuela with some settling in <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-González2005_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-González2005-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-odisea_canaria_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odisea_canaria-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Museo_de_los_Isle%C3%B1os.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Los Isleños Museum Complex in Saint Bernard."><img alt="Los Isleños Museum Complex in Saint Bernard." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/El_Museo_de_los_Isle%C3%B1os.jpg/280px-El_Museo_de_los_Isle%C3%B1os.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/El_Museo_de_los_Isle%C3%B1os.jpg/420px-El_Museo_de_los_Isle%C3%B1os.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/El_Museo_de_los_Isle%C3%B1os.jpg/560px-El_Museo_de_los_Isle%C3%B1os.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Los Isleños Museum Complex in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Bernard,_Louisiana" title="Saint Bernard, Louisiana">Saint Bernard</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Mexico">New Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos of New Mexico</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Spanish_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Spanish Americans">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Spanish+Americans%22">"Spanish Americans"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Spanish+Americans%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Spanish+Americans%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Spanish+Americans%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Spanish+Americans%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Spanish+Americans%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Hispano" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano">Hispanos</a> of New Mexico (less commonly referred to as <i>Neomexicanos</i> or <i>Nuevomexicanos</i>) are descendants of Spanish and Mexican colonists who settled the area of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> and Southern Colorado. Most made the journey from <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, now principally modern Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of these settlers married and mixed with the local indigenous people of New Mexico. Like the <i><a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californios</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Tejano</a></i>s, the descendants of these early settlers still retain a community of thousands of people in this state and that of southern Colorado. </p><p>New Mexico belonged to Spain for most of its modern history (16th century – 1821) and later to Mexico (1821–1848). The original name of the region was <a href="/wiki/Santa_F%C3%A9_de_Nuevo_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fé de Nuevo Mexico">Santa Fé de Nuevo Mexico</a>. The descendants of the settlers still retain a community of thousands of people in this state. Also, there is a community of Nuevomexicanos in Southern <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, due to shared colonial history. Currently, the majority of the Nuevomexicano population is distributed between New Mexico and Southern <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. Most of the Nuevomexicanos that live in New Mexico live in the northern half of the state. There are hundreds of thousands of Nuevomexicanos living in New Mexico. Those who claim to be descendants of the first Hispanic settlers in this state currently account as the first predominant ancestry in the state. </p><p>There is also a community of people in Southern Colorado descended from Nuevomexicanos that migrated there in the 19th century. The stories and language of the Nuevomexicanos from Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado were studied by Nuevomexicano ethnographer, linguist, and folklorist <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Rael" title="Juan Bautista Rael">Juan Bautista Rael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aurelio_Macedonio_Espinosa_Jr." title="Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr.">Aurelio Espinosa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York">New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Little_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Spain">Little Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rita_Hayworth_-_1940.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rita_Hayworth_-_1940.JPG/175px-Rita_Hayworth_-_1940.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rita_Hayworth_-_1940.JPG/263px-Rita_Hayworth_-_1940.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Rita_Hayworth_-_1940.JPG/350px-Rita_Hayworth_-_1940.JPG 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>Actress <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a>, of paternal Spanish descent<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>"Little Spain" was a Spanish American neighborhood in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> during the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-El_País_Crónica_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_País_Crónica-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-El_País_Edición_Impresa_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_País_Edición_Impresa-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little Spain was on <a href="/wiki/14th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="14th Street (Manhattan)">14th Street</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth</a> Avenues.<sup id="cite_ref-El_País_USA_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El_País_USA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A very different section of <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan" title="Chelsea, Manhattan">Chelsea</a> existed on a stretch of 14th Street often referred to by residents as "Calle Catorce," or "Little Spain".<sup id="cite_ref-Hartford_Courant_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartford_Courant-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe (No. 299) was founded in 1902, when Spaniards started to settle in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-HERALD_TRIBUNE_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HERALD_TRIBUNE-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Spanish businesses have given way to such nightclubs as Nell's and Oh Johnny on the block between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, the Spanish food and gift emporium known as Casa Moneo was at 210 West 14th from 1929 until the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 the documentary <i>Little Spain</i>, directed and written by Artur Balder, was filmed in New York City. The documentary pulled together for first time an archive that reveals the untold history of the Spanish-American presence in Manhattan. They present the history of the streets of Little Spain in New York City throughout the 20th Century.<sup id="cite_ref-Hispanic_New_York_Project_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hispanic_New_York_Project-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archive contains more than 450 photographs and 150 documents that have never been publicly displayed.<sup id="cite_ref-EFE_America_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFE_America-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Antena_3_TV_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antena_3_TV-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Informativos_Telecinco_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Informativos_Telecinco-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Radio_Television_Española_(RTVE)_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radio_Television_Española_(RTVE)-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Onda_Cero_Radio_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Onda_Cero_Radio-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-La_Opinion_A_Coruna_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Opinion_A_Coruna-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diario_Informacion_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diario_Informacion-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other important commerces and Spanish business of Little Spain were restaurants like La Bilbaína, Trocadero Valencia, Bar Coruña, Little Spain Bar, Café Madrid, Mesón Flamenco, or <a href="/wiki/El_Faro_Restaurant" title="El Faro Restaurant">El Faro Restaurant</a>, established 1927, and still today open at 823 Greenwich St. The Iberia was a famous Spanish dress shop. </p><p>The heart of the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> community in that area were the two landmarks: the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Benevolent_Society" title="Spanish Benevolent Society">Spanish Benevolent Society</a> and the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe (New York City)">Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe</a>, founded at the turn of the 19th century, being the first parish in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> with mass in Latin and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>. </p><p>Another area of influence is the <a href="/wiki/Unanue_family" title="Unanue family">Unanue family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Goya_Foods" title="Goya Foods">Goya Foods</a>. Its founder, Prudencio Unanue Ortiz, migrated from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> in the 20th century and established Goya Foods, the largest <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a>-owned food company in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes.com_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family's members include <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Unanue" title="Joseph A. Unanue">Joseph A. Unanue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Unanue" title="Andy Unanue">Andy Unanue</a>. Goya Foods is the 377th largest private American company.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic Heritage Site">Hispanic Heritage Site</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Spanish_Days_Fiesta_2009_-_Santa_Barbara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Old_Spanish_Days_Fiesta_2009_-_Santa_Barbara.jpg/285px-Old_Spanish_Days_Fiesta_2009_-_Santa_Barbara.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Old_Spanish_Days_Fiesta_2009_-_Santa_Barbara.jpg/428px-Old_Spanish_Days_Fiesta_2009_-_Santa_Barbara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Old_Spanish_Days_Fiesta_2009_-_Santa_Barbara.jpg/570px-Old_Spanish_Days_Fiesta_2009_-_Santa_Barbara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>’s annual <i>Old Spanish Days</i> fiesta celebration</figcaption></figure> <p>Many Spanish Americans still retain aspects of their <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>. This includes <a href="/wiki/Spanish_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish food">Spanish food</a>, drink, art, annual fiestas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Spaniards have contributed to a vast number of areas in the United States of America. The influence of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish cuisine</a> is seen in the cuisine of the United States throughout the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Unanue_family" title="Unanue family">Unanue family</a></div> <p>In the early 20th century, Prudencio Unanue Ortiz and his wife Carolina established <a href="/wiki/Goya_Foods" title="Goya Foods">Goya Foods</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a>-owned food company in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes.com_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_language_in_the_U.S.">Spanish language in the U.S.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Spanish language in the U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish language in the United States</a></div> <p>Spanish was the second European language spoken in North America after <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, the language of the <a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">Viking</a> settlers. It was brought to the territory of what is the contemporary United States of America in 1513 by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a>. In 1565, the Spaniards founded <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a>, the oldest, continuously occupied European settlement in the modern U.S. territory.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other descendants of European immigrants, <a href="/wiki/Spaniard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniard">Spaniards</a> have adopted English as their primary language.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language spoken at home and ability to speak English (2013 ACS)<sup id="cite_ref-census1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Spaniard – Language spoken and ability </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td>Population 5 years and over </td> <td>703,504 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> only </td> <td>68.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Language other than English </td> <td>31.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Speak English less than "very well" </td> <td>7.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Arizona" title="Spanish missions in Arizona">Spanish missions in Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Carolinas" title="Spanish missions in the Carolinas">Spanish missions in the Carolinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Florida">Spanish missions in Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Georgia" title="Spanish missions in Georgia">Spanish missions in Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Louisiana" title="Spanish missions in Louisiana">Spanish missions in Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_New_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in New Mexico">Spanish missions in New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Texas" title="Spanish missions in Texas">Spanish missions in Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ajac%C3%A1n_Mission" title="Ajacán Mission">Ajacán Mission</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mission_Santa_Barbara,_also_known_as_Santa_Barbara_Mission,_is_a_Spanish_mission_founded_by_the_Franciscan_order_near_present-_day_Santa_Barbara,_California_LCCN2013631902.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_also_known_as_Santa_Barbara_Mission%2C_is_a_Spanish_mission_founded_by_the_Franciscan_order_near_present-_day_Santa_Barbara%2C_California_LCCN2013631902.tif/lossy-page1-285px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_also_known_as_Santa_Barbara_Mission%2C_is_a_Spanish_mission_founded_by_the_Franciscan_order_near_present-_day_Santa_Barbara%2C_California_LCCN2013631902.tif/lossy-page1-428px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mission_Santa_Barbara%2C_also_known_as_Santa_Barbara_Mission%2C_is_a_Spanish_mission_founded_by_the_Franciscan_order_near_present-_day_Santa_Barbara%2C_California_LCCN2013631902.tif/lossy-page1-570px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Mission_Santa_Barbara" title="Mission Santa Barbara">Mission Santa Barbara</a>, founded in 1786</figcaption></figure> <p>Many Spanish Americans are more active in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> church activities than was common in past generations in Spain; they rarely change their religious affiliation and participate frequently in family-centered ecclesiastical rituals. In both Spain and the United States, events such as first communions and baptisms are felt to be important social obligations that strengthen clan identity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socioeconomics">Socioeconomics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Socioeconomics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Spanish American entrance into the middle class has been widespread, the employment patterns described above have largely disappeared. This social mobility has followed logically from the fact that throughout the history of Spanish immigration to the United States, the percentage of skilled workers remained uniformly high. In the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, 85 percent of Spanish immigrants were literate, and 36 percent were either professionals or skilled craftsmen. A combination of aptitude, motivation, and high expectations led to successful entry into a variety of fields.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_of_Spanish_Americans">Number of Spanish Americans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Number of Spanish Americans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Census_data">Census data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Census data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1980">1980</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1980"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Florida_Governor_Robert_Martinez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Portrait_of_Florida_Governor_Robert_Martinez.jpg/250px-Portrait_of_Florida_Governor_Robert_Martinez.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Portrait_of_Florida_Governor_Robert_Martinez.jpg/375px-Portrait_of_Florida_Governor_Robert_Martinez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Portrait_of_Florida_Governor_Robert_Martinez.jpg/500px-Portrait_of_Florida_Governor_Robert_Martinez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bob_Martinez" title="Bob Martinez">Bob Martinez</a> is first person of Spanish descent to be elected to the office of Governor of Florida.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1980, 62,747 Americans claimed only Spaniard ancestry and another 31,781 claimed Spaniard along with another ethnic ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2.6 million or 1.43% of the total U.S. population chose to identify as "Spanish/Hispanic", however this represents a general type of response which will encompass a variety of ancestry groups.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish Americans are found in relative numbers throughout United States, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a>. According to the 1980 U.S. census 66.4% reported <i>Spaniard</i> as their main ancestry, while 62.7% reported <i>Spanish/Hispanic</i> as their main ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-1980_Census_of_Total_U.S_Population_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1980_Census_of_Total_U.S_Population-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table showing those who self-identified as Spaniard are as follows: </p> <table class="sort wikitable unsortable" style="font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Response</th> <th>Number</th> <th>Percent</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">North<br /> Central</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Single ancestry</td> <td>62,747</td> <td>66.4%</td> <td>24,048</td> <td>3,011</td> <td>23,123</td> <td>12,565 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Multiple ancestry</td> <td>31,781</td> <td>33.6%</td> <td>9,941</td> <td>2,209</td> <td>11,296</td> <td>8,335 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Total reported</td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">94,528</td> <td>33,989</td> <td>5,220</td> <td>34,419</td> <td>20,900 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="unsortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Spaniard </th> <th>Spanish/Hispanic </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Florida</td> <td>23,698</td> <td>249,196</td> <td>2.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York</td> <td>21,860</td> <td>359,574</td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>California</td> <td>14,357</td> <td>539,285</td> <td>2.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey</td> <td>8,122</td> <td>126,983</td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Texas</td> <td>6,883</td> <td>221,568</td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colorado</td> <td>1,985</td> <td>154,396</td> <td>5.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Mexico</td> <td>1,971</td> <td>281,189</td> <td>21.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louisiana</td> <td>616</td> <td>79,847</td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>United States</th> <th>94,528</th> <th>2,686,680</th> <th>1.43% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1990">1990</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At a national level the ancestry response rate was high with 90.4% of the total United States population choosing at least one specific ancestry, 11.0% did not specify their ancestry, while 9.6% ignored the question completely. Of those who chose Spaniard, 312,865 or 86.7% of people chose it as their first and main ancestry response while 48,070 or 13.3% chose it as their second ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Totals for the 'Spaniard' showed a considerable increase from the previous census.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Table shows population by state of those self identifying as Spaniard.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="unsortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Florida </td> <td>78,656 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>California </td> <td>74,787 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York </td> <td>42,309 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Texas </td> <td>31,226 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Mexico </td> <td>24,861 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Jersey </td> <td>23,666 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colorado </td> <td>14,052 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arizona </td> <td>6,385 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>United States </th> <th>360,935 </th> <th>0.1 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>As with the previous census 'Spanish' was considered a general response which may have encompassed a variety of ancestral groups. Over two million self-identified with this response.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000">2000</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Garamendi_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/John_Garamendi_official_photo.jpg/200px-John_Garamendi_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/John_Garamendi_official_photo.jpg/300px-John_Garamendi_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/John_Garamendi_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Garamendi" title="John Garamendi">John Garamendi</a>, 46th Lieutenant Governor of California</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a>, 299,948 Americans specifically reported their ancestry as "Spaniard", which was a significant decrease over the <a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a> data, where in those who reported "Spaniard" numbered 360,858. Another 2,187,144 reported "Spanish"<sup id="cite_ref-ancestry2000_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancestry2000-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 111,781 people, reported "Spanish American". To this figures we must adhere some groups of Spanish origin or descent that specified their origin, instead of in Spain, in some of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities of Spain</a>, specially <a href="/wiki/Basque_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque American">Spanish Basques</a> (9,296 people), <a href="/wiki/Castilians" title="Castilians">Castilians</a> (4,744 people), <a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño American">Canarians</a> (3,096 people), <a href="/wiki/Balearics" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearics">Balearics</a> (2,554 people) and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan American">Catalans</a> (1,738 people). Less of 300 people indicated be of <a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andalusians" title="Andalusians">Andalusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valencians" title="Valencians">Valencian</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-2000USCensus_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000USCensus-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Spaniard – 299,948</li> <li>Spanish – 2,187,144</li> <li>Spanish American – 111,781</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010">2010</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a> census is the twenty-third <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">national census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Spaniard – 635,253<sup id="cite_ref-census.gov_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Statistics for those who self-identify as ethnic Spaniard, Spanish, Spanish American in the 2010 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>. </p> <ul><li>Spaniard – 694,494<sup id="cite_ref-google1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Spanish – 482,072<sup id="cite_ref-google1_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Spanish American – 48,810<sup id="cite_ref-google1_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020">2020</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlie_Sheen_March_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Charlie_Sheen_March_2009.JPG/200px-Charlie_Sheen_March_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Charlie_Sheen_March_2009.JPG/300px-Charlie_Sheen_March_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Charlie_Sheen_March_2009.JPG/400px-Charlie_Sheen_March_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="1929" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Sheen" title="Charlie Sheen">Charlie Sheen</a>, an American actor</figcaption></figure> <p>In the most-recent 2020 census 978,978 people reported Spaniard, the tenth most common Hispanic group.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The top 10 states with the largest population who identified their ethnic origins as "Spaniard" in the 2020 census.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a></th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><img alt="California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td> <td>192,312 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas"><img alt="Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></td> <td>120,116 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida"><img alt="Florida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/23px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/35px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/45px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></td> <td>83,479 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico"><img alt="New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></td> <td>79,882 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado"><img alt="Colorado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></td> <td>58,290 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)"><img alt="New York (state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td>51,714 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona"><img alt="Arizona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/23px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/35px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/45px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></td> <td>36,636 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey"><img alt="New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td>31,471 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)"><img alt="Washington (state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/23px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/35px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/46px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></td> <td>26,478 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois"><img alt="Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/23px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/35px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/46px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></td> <td>18,842 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">U.S. born</td> <td>TBA </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Foreign-born</td> <td>TBA </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span></th> <th>Total</th> <th>978,978 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In 2020, 866,356 people identified with "Spanish origin", making them the eleventh largest Hispanic group residing in the United States. This number includes people whose ancestors immigrated directly or indirectly from Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_participation">Political participation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Political participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> in 1936 a number of intellectual political <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a> found <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">asylum</a> in the United States. Supporters of the overthrown <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a>, which had received aid from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> while under attack from Nationalist forces, were sometimes incorrectly identified with <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, but their arrival in the United States well before the "red scare" of the early 1950s spared them the worst excesses of <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a>. Until the end of the dictatorship in Spain in 1975 political exiles in the United States actively campaigned against the abuses of the Franco regime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Place_names_of_Spanish_origin">Place names of Spanish origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Place names of Spanish origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Spanish_origin_in_the_United_States" title="List of place names of Spanish origin in the United States">List of place names of Spanish origin in the United States</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 16em">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1980<sup id="cite_ref-1980_Census_of_Total_U.S_Population_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1980_Census_of_Total_U.S_Population-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">94,528</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1990<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:5.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">360,935</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2000<sup id="cite_ref-census.gov_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">299,948</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2010<sup id="cite_ref-census.gov_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:10.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">635,253</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2017<sup id="cite_ref-factfinder.census.gov_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factfinder.census.gov-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:12.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">801,636</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aviles_St_entrance,_St._Augustine._FL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Aviles_St_entrance%2C_St._Augustine._FL.jpg/270px-Aviles_St_entrance%2C_St._Augustine._FL.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Aviles_St_entrance%2C_St._Augustine._FL.jpg/405px-Aviles_St_entrance%2C_St._Augustine._FL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Aviles_St_entrance%2C_St._Augustine._FL.jpg/540px-Aviles_St_entrance%2C_St._Augustine._FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Aviles Street in the <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_Town_Plan_Historic_District" title="St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District">St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District</a>, claims to be the oldest street in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:6.18.08OldTownAlbuquerqueByLuigiNovi6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/6.18.08OldTownAlbuquerqueByLuigiNovi6.jpg/270px-6.18.08OldTownAlbuquerqueByLuigiNovi6.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/6.18.08OldTownAlbuquerqueByLuigiNovi6.jpg/405px-6.18.08OldTownAlbuquerqueByLuigiNovi6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/6.18.08OldTownAlbuquerqueByLuigiNovi6.jpg/540px-6.18.08OldTownAlbuquerqueByLuigiNovi6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> was founded by Don <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Cuervo_y_Valdez" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Cuervo y Valdez">Francisco Cuervo y Valdez</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Some Spanish place names in the U.S. include: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></b> – possibly from a Spanish word of Basque origin meaning "The Good Oak". However, the toponym does not come from the term <i>Zona Árida</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-AZC070211_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AZC070211-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa</a> – means "Table"; Spanish explorers used the word because the tops of mesas look like the tops of tables.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Vista,_Arizona" title="Sierra Vista, Arizona">Sierra Vista</a> – "Mountain View"</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></b> – the state was named for a mythical land described in a popular Spanish novel from around 1500, <i><a href="/wiki/Las_sergas_de_Esplandi%C3%A1n" title="Las sergas de Esplandián">Las sergas de Esplandián</a></i> ("The exploits of Esplandián") by <a href="/wiki/Garci_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Montalvo" title="Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo">Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcatraz_Island" title="Alcatraz Island">Alcatraz Island</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Gannet" title="Gannet">Gannet</a> Island"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista" class="mw-redirect" title="Chula Vista">Chula Vista</a> – "Beautiful View"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> – "City of Angels"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> – "City of the Sacrament"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz, CA">Santa Cruz</a> – "City of the Holy Cross"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a> – "Saint Didacus"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a> – "Saint Francis"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> – "Saint Joseph"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a> – "Saint Barbara"</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></b> – "Flowery". <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton" class="mw-redirect" title="Boca Raton">Boca Raton</a> – "Shallow inlet of sharp–pointed rocks that scrape a ship's cables"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anglicization" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicization">anglicization</a> of <i>Cayo Hueso</i> ("Bone Island")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a> – anglicization of<i> San Agustín</i>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasota,_Florida" title="Sarasota, Florida">Sarasota</a> – "Sheep skin"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_Bay" title="Biscayne Bay">Biscayne Bay</a> – anglicization of <i>Bayo Vizcayno</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a> Bay")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hispanicization" title="Hispanicization">Hispanicization</a> of the indigenous name for the region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a> – Hispanicization of the indigenous name for the region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a> – Hispanicization of the indigenous name for the region</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></b> – "Reddish". <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo,_Colorado" title="Pueblo, Colorado">Pueblo</a> – "Town"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamosa">Alamosa</a> – "Cottonwood"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonito,_Colorado" title="Antonito, Colorado">Antonito</a> – "Little Anthony"</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></b> – <i>Montaña</i>, "Mountain". <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lima,_Montana" title="Lima, Montana">Lima</a> – "Lime"</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a> – first called La Villa de San Francisco Xavier de Alburquerque, was founded as a Royal city by order of Don <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Cuervo_y_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Francisco Cuervo y Valdés">Francisco Cuervo y Valdés</a>, 34th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Mexico" title="Governor of New Mexico">Governor of New Mexico</a>, on February 7, 1706.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola,_New_Mexico" title="Española, New Mexico">Española, New Mexico</a> – "Spanish Woman"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> – "Holy Faith"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a> – "The Crosses"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid,_New_Mexico" title="Madrid, New Mexico">Madrid</a> – although pronounced "MAD–rid", the city was named for the capital of Spain.</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></b> – <i>Tejas</i> in Spanish and "Slates" in English. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso" class="mw-redirect" title="El Paso">El Paso</a> – "The Pass"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo</a> – "Yellow"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">St. Anthony</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></b> – the name comes from the Spanish <i>Nevada</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[neˈβaða]</a></span>), meaning "Snow-covered",<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> ("Snow-covered mountain range"). <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas</a> – "The Meadows"</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></b> – <i>Orejón</i>, "big ear", or could come from <i><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragón</a></i>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro,_Oregon" title="Moro, Oregon">Moro</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moor</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonanza,_Oregon" title="Bonanza, Oregon">Bonanza</a> – "Prosperity"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estacada,_Oregon" title="Estacada, Oregon">Estacada</a> – "Staked"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanita,_Oregon" title="Manzanita, Oregon">Manzanita</a> – "Little apple"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Oregon" title="Toledo, Oregon">Toledo</a> – Spanish city of the same name</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Spanish_descent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:American people of Spanish descent">American people of Spanish descent</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_Americans" title="List of Spanish Americans">List of Spanish Americans</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="424" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Portal:Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_Spanish_Americans">About Spanish Americans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: About Spanish Americans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Spain–United States relations">Spanish-American relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Spanish immigration to Hawaii">Spanish immigration to Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridanos" title="Floridanos">Floridanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevomexicano" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuevomexicano">Nuevomexicano</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">New Mexican Spanish</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_New_Mexico_Families" title="Origins of New Mexico Families">Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Centro_Espa%C3%B1ol_de_Tampa" title="El Centro Español de Tampa">El Centro Español de Tampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_Asturiano_de_Tampa" title="Centro Asturiano de Tampa">Centro Asturiano de Tampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ybor_City" title="History of Ybor City">History of Ybor City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="About_Hispanic_Americans_and_Spanish_Canadians">About Hispanic Americans and Spanish Canadians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: About Hispanic Americans and Spanish Canadians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Canadians" title="Spanish Canadians">Spanish Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Society_of_America" title="Hispanic Society of America">Hispanic Society of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans">Notable Hispanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White Latin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html">"Eight Hispanic Groups Each Had a Million or More Population in 2020"</a>. September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+Hispanic+Groups+Each+Had+a+Million+or+More+Population+in+2020&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2023%2F09%2F2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html">"Eight Hispanic Groups Each Had a Million or More Population in 2020"</a>. September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+Hispanic+Groups+Each+Had+a+Million+or+More+Population+in+2020&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2023%2F09%2F2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html">"Eight Hispanic Groups Each Had a Million or More Population in 2020"</a>. September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+Hispanic+Groups+Each+Had+a+Million+or+More+Population+in+2020&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2023%2F09%2F2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most dictionaries give this definition as the first or only definition for "Spanish American". <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> (3rd ed.) (1992). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-44895-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-44895-6">0-395-44895-6</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary</i> (11th ed.) (2003). Springfield: Merriam-Webster. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87779-807-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87779-807-9">0-87779-807-9</a>. <i>The Random House Dictionary of the English Language</i> (2nd ed.) (1987). New York: Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-50050-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-50050-4">0-394-50050-4</a>. <i>Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles</i> (2007). New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2">978-0-19-920687-2</a>. <i>Webster's New Dictionary and Thesaurus</i> (2002). Cleveland: Wiley Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-79932-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-79932-0">978-0-471-79932-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-loc_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_augustin_1.html">"A Spanish Expedition Established St. Augustine in Florida"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Spanish+Expedition+Established+St.+Augustine+in+Florida&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americaslibrary.gov%2Fjb%2Fcolonial%2Fjb_colonial_augustin_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html">"Eight Hispanic Groups Each Had a Million or More Population in 2020"</a>. September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+Hispanic+Groups+Each+Had+a+Million+or+More+Population+in+2020&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2023%2F09%2F2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/detailed-race-ethnicities-2020-census.html">"Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a>. September 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detailed+Races+and+Ethnicities+in+the+United+States+and+Puerto+Rico%3A+2020+Census&rft.pub=United+States+census&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2Fdetailed-race-ethnicities-2020-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2010" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, Rayna (June 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pVcDEfNxEvAC&q=Immigration+and+Migration"><i>Immigration and Migration</i></a>. Infobase. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438109015" title="Special:BookSources/9781438109015"><bdi>9781438109015</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+Migration&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2010-06-23&rft.isbn=9781438109015&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Rayna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpVcDEfNxEvAC%26q%3DImmigration%2Band%2BMigration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hernández González, Manuel. La emigración canaria a América (Canarian Emigration to the Americas). Pages 15 and 43–44 (about the expeditions and Canarian emigration in Texas), page 51 (about of the Canarian emigration to Louisiana). First Edition January 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurlansky1999" class="citation book cs1">Kurlansky, Mark (1999). <i>The Basque History of the World</i>. New York: Walker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-029851-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-029851-7"><bdi>0-14-029851-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Basque+History+of+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Walker&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-14-029851-7&rft.aulast=Kurlansky&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNCX6UsdZYkC&dq=spanish+immigration+to+united+states+68%2C611+20%2C433&pg=PA393">Encyclopedia of North American Immigration</a> By John Powell</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/pdfs/by_region/region_table.pdf">Total Immigrants from each Region and Country, by Decade</a>, - 1820–2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historia-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Historia_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guadalupeshrineny.org/who-are-we">"Historia de la iglesia"</a>. <i>Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iglesia+de+Nuestra+Se%C3%B1ora+de+Guadalupe&rft.atitle=Historia+de+la+iglesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguadalupeshrineny.org%2Fwho-are-we&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0081/twps0081.pdf">Historical census statistics of the foreign-born (Born in Spain) population</a> - 1850–2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.uk-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SOvskj0HNt8C&dq=immigration++from+spain+to+united+states&pg=PT2057">Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration: Spanish and Spanish-Americans.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismoasturias.es/en/descubre/cultura/museos-y-espacios-culturales/otros-espacios/museo-de-la-mina-de-arnao">"Museo de la Mina de Arnao"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museo+de+la+Mina+de+Arnao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismoasturias.es%2Fen%2Fdescubre%2Fcultura%2Fmuseos-y-espacios-culturales%2Fotros-espacios%2Fmuseo-de-la-mina-de-arnao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-california_Conquered-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-california_Conquered_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrow, Neal; "California Conquered: The Annexation of a Mexican Province, 1846–1850"; pp. 14–30; University of California Press; 1989; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06605-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06605-2">978-0-520-06605-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfgenealogy-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfgenealogy_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2004" class="citation web cs1">King, Alexander V. (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgenealogy.com/spanish/calfam.htm">"Californio Families, A Brief Overview"</a>. San Francisco Genealogy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Californio+Families%2C+A+Brief+Overview&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Genealogy&rft.date=2004-01&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Alexander+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgenealogy.com%2Fspanish%2Fcalfam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mormino&Pizzo, Ch. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ybortimes.com/cigars.cfm">"Ybor City: Cigars in Ybor"</a>. Ybortimes.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ybor+City%3A+Cigars+in+Ybor&rft.pub=Ybortimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ybortimes.com%2Fcigars.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/hispanic/2001/elcentro.htm">"El Centro Español de Tampa".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov"><i>National Park Service</i>.</a> Retrieved May 6, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhl-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhl_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2037&ResourceType=Building">"El Centro Español De Tampa".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502192324/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2037&ResourceType=Building">Archived</a> May 2, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nhl/"><i>National Historic Landmarks Program</i>.</a> Retrieved May 6, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fernandez1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fernandez1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fernandez1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández,_James_D.Argeo,_Luis2012" class="citation web cs1">Fernández, James D. & Argeo, Luis (December 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tracesofspainintheus.org/hi/recortesclippings/">"Archive / Archivo: Heliópolis"</a>. <i>Spanish Immigrants in the United States (website)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Louisiana State University Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2437-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-2437-6"><bdi>978-0-8071-2437-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canary+Islanders+of+Louisiana&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-2437-6&rft.au=Gilbert+C.+Din&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLsYXeiw7XEUC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-González2005-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-González2005_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel_Hernández_González2005" class="citation book cs1">Manuel Hernández González (January 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IM8SAQAAIAAJ&q=1779"><i>La Emigración Canaria a América</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestry%3A+2000%3B+Census+2000+Brief&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2004-06&rft.au=Angela+Brittingham&rft.au=G.+Patricia+de+la+Cruz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2F2004pubs%2Fc2kbr-35.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000USCensus-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000USCensus_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/ancestry/ancestry_q_by_DAC_2000.xls">"Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. U.S. Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2010.census.gov/2010census/about/timeline-text.php">the original</a> on December 20, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+the+2010+Census&rft.atitle=Interactive+Timeline&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2010.census.gov%2F2010census%2Fabout%2Ftimeline-text.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census.gov-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf">Hispanic American population 2010 census</a> | www.census.gov</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google1-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google1_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google1_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google1_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LV4WAAAAQBAJ&dq=694%2C494+spaniard+2010+american+community+survey&pg=PA356">An Historical Introduction to American Education: Third Edition By Gerald L. Gutek</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Source%3A+U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+2010+American+Community+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html">"Eight Hispanic Groups Each Had a Million or More Population in 2020"</a>. September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+Hispanic+Groups+Each+Had+a+Million+or+More+Population+in+2020&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2023%2F09%2F2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/detailed-race-ethnicities-2020-census.html">"Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a>. September 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detailed+Races+and+Ethnicities+in+the+United+States+and+Puerto+Rico%3A+2020+Census&rft.pub=United+States+census&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2Fdetailed-race-ethnicities-2020-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html">"Eight Hispanic Groups Each Had a Million or More Population in 2020"</a>. September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eight+Hispanic+Groups+Each+Had+a+Million+or+More+Population+in+2020&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2023%2F09%2F2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-factfinder.census.gov-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-factfinder.census.gov_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212214432/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B03001&prodType=table">"Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin – Universe: Total population more information 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B03001&prodType=table">the original</a> on February 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hispanic+or+Latino+Origin+by+Specific+Origin+%E2%80%93+Universe%3A+Total+population+more+information+2013+American+Community+Survey+1-Year+Estimates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_13_1YR_B03001%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staugustine.com/article/20100504/NEWS/305049960?template=ampart">City archaeologist: Oldest street in US is here</a> - StAgustine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AZC070211-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AZC070211_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson,_Clay2007" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Clay (February 11, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141229214323/http://www.azcentral.com/news/columns/articles/0211clay0211.html">"No, 'arid zone' not the basis of state's name"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic" title="The Arizona Republic">The Arizona Republic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azcentral.com/news/columns/articles/0211clay0211.html">the original</a> on December 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=No%2C+%27arid+zone%27+not+the+basis+of+state%27s+name&rft.date=2007-02-11&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Clay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fazcentral.com%2Fnews%2Fcolumns%2Farticles%2F0211clay0211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=nevada">"Nevada"</a>. Wordreference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nevada&rft.pub=Wordreference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordreference.com%2Fes%2Fen%2Ftranslation.asp%3Fspen%3Dnevada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Colahan, Clark. "Spanish Americans." <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,</i> edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2014), pp. 271–281. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300169/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=bc52146e">Online</a></li> <li>Martinelli, Phyllis Cancilla and Ana Varela-Lago (eds.), <i>Hidden Out in the Open: Spanish Migration to the United States, 1875-1930.</i> Louisville: University Press of Colorado, 2019.</li> <li>Ramírez, Roberto R. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/censr-18.pdf">We the People: Hispanic Population in the United States</a>. Census 2000 Special Reports. U.S. Census Bureau.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Americans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_the_United_States_of_Spanish_descent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People of the United States of Spanish descent">People of the United States of Spanish descent</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hispanicsociety.org/">Hispanic Society of America</a> Museum in New York City</li> <li>Colahan, Clark (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Spanish-Americans.html">Spanish American Heritage</a>. Multicultural America.</li> <li>Pérez, Juan M. (October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329010853/http://coloquio.com/coloquioonline/2005/0510hispanicrole.htm">The Hispanic Role in America</a>. Coloquio Revista Cultural.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">Survey: 2005 American Community Survey:Hispanic Origin</a>. U.S. Census Bureau.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asturianus.org">Asturian-American Migration Forum</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">discussion board</a> for the descendants of Asturian-Americans.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniards in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniards in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanjaarden_in_Nederland" class="extiw" title="nl:Spanjaarden in Nederland">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Spaniards" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Spaniards">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Spaniards in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latin_American_Belizean" title="Hispanic and Latin American Belizean">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Canadians" title="Spanish Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Costa_Rican" title="Spanish Costa Rican">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Cuba" title="Spanish immigration to Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_en_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración española en la República Dominicana">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guatemalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Guatemalan">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_migration_to_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish migration to Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaicans_of_Spanish_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaicans of Spanish descent">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards_in_Mexico" title="Spaniards in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_en_Nicaragua" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración española en Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish immigration to Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_panyols" title="Cocoa panyols">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleños in Louisiana">in Louisiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Australians" title="Spanish Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_New_Zealanders" title="Spanish New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li>US areas of Oceania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Spanish immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Argentines" title="Spanish Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Brazilians" title="Spanish Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Chilean">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish immigration to Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Peru" title="Spanish immigration to Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Uruguayans" title="Spanish Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Venezuela" title="Spanish immigration to Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">Conquest of the Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleño">Isleño</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Americans" title="Template:European Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Americans" title="Template talk:European Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_South_Dakotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech South Dakotan">Czech South Dakotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Texan">Czech Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="German Texan">German Texan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">German Mennonites from Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ohioans" title="Hungarian Ohioans">Hungarian Ohioans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_Americans" title="Kashubian Americans">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesian_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesian Americans (page does not exist)">Silesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texan_Silesian" title="Texan Silesian">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_Americans" title="Sorbian Americans">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_Americans" title="Lezgin Americans">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Americans" title="Cossack Americans">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Americans" title="Kalmyk Americans">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_Americans" title="Rusyn Americans">Rusyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Americans" title="Faroese Americans">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Findians" title="Findians">Findian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Americans" title="Greenlandic Americans">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Dakotan" title="Norwegian Dakotan">Norwegian Dakotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Minnesotan" title="Norwegian Minnesotan">Norwegian Minnesotan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_Americans" title="Sámi Americans">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovan_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovan Americans (page does not exist)">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Americans" title="Slovene Americans">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbs in Alaska">Alaskan Serbs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_Americans" title="Corsican Americans">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Americans" title="Sicilian Americans">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Dutch_language" title="Jersey Dutch language">Jersey Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans_in_Michigan" title="Dutch Americans in Michigan">Dutch Michigander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian Americans">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huguenots#North_America" title="Huguenots">Huguenot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Americans" title="Frisian Americans">Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Traveller_Americans" title="Irish Traveller Americans">Irish Traveller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Americans">Luxembourgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan Americans (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scots-Irish/Ulster Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walloon_Americans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walloon Americans (page does not exist)">Walloon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Walloon" title="Wisconsin Walloon">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Europeans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis in the United States">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Louisianians" title="French Louisianians">French Louisianian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creoles and Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_(Louisiana)" title="Isleños (Louisiana)">Isleños</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li>Cajun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">Creoles of color</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian Americans">French Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadian</a></li> <li>Cajun</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_California" title="White Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Americans_in_Los_Angeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Americans in Los Angeles (page does not exist)">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="White Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Hawaii" title="White people in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Southerners" title="White Southerners">White Southerners</a> <ul><li>Arkansas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="White Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans_in_Maryland" title="White Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic history</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By economic<br />and social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Gender inequality in the United States">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Home-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Housing segregation in the United States">Housing segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Spoken_at_Home_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Spoken at Home in the United States of America">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States" title="LGBT demographics of the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">Racial inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_achievement_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial achievement gap in the United States">Racial achievement gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_pay_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial pay gap in the United States">Racial wage gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">Unemployment by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocultural_politics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocultural politics in the United States">Ethnocultural politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_the_United_States" title="Baháʼí Faith in the United States">Baha'is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_States" title="Ahmadiyya in the United States">Ahmadiyyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five Percenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nation_of_Islam" title="United Nation of Islam">Value Creators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in the United States">Neopagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Non-religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Rastafari movement in the United States">Rastafaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_United_States" title="Scientology in the United States">Scientologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">Zoroastrians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">By continent and<br />ethnic ancestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_in_the_Americas" title="African diaspora in the Americas">African diaspora in the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Afro-Caribbean/West Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Americans" title="Antiguan and Barbudan Americans">Antiguan and Barbudan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_Americans" title="Bahamian Americans">Bahamian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Americans" title="Barbadian Americans">Barbadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_Americans" title="Bermudian Americans">Bermudian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominica)" title="Dominican Americans (Dominica)">Dominican Americans (Dominica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indian_Americans" title="Dutch West Indian Americans">Dutch West Indian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Americans" title="Grenadian Americans">Grenadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittian_and_Nevisian_Americans" title="Kittian and Nevisian Americans">Kittian and Nevisian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Americans" title="Saint Lucian Americans">Saint Lucian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Virgin_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateside Virgin Islands Americans">Stateside Virgin Islands Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Americans" title="Vincentian Americans">Vincentian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">African immigrants to the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Central Africans in the United States">Central Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Americans" title="Cameroonian Americans">Cameroonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Americans" title="Congolese Americans">Congolese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Americans" title="Equatoguinean Americans">Equatoguinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Americans" title="Gabonese Americans">Gabonese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="East Africans in the United States">East Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Americans" title="Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Americans" title="Somali Americans">Somali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Americans" title="South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Americans" title="Sudanese Americans">Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Americans" title="Tanzanian Americans">Tanzanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Americans" title="Ugandan Americans">Ugandan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Southern Africans in the United States">Southern Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Americans" title="Angolan Americans">Angolan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_Americans" title="Malawian Americans">Malawian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Americans" title="South African Americans">South African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Americans" title="Zimbabwean Americans">Zimbabwean Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="West Africans in the United States">West Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_Americans" title="Beninese Americans">Beninese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Americans" title="Bissau-Guinean Americans">Bissau-Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Americans" title="Cape Verdean Americans">Cape Verdean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Americans" title="Gambian Americans">Gambian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Americans" title="Guinean Americans">Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_Americans" title="Ivorian Americans">Ivorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Americans" title="Liberian Americans">Liberian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Americans" title="Malian Americans">Malian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Americans" title="Senegalese Americans">Senegalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_Americans" title="Sierra Leonean Americans">Sierra Leonean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Americans" title="Togolese Americans">Togolese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Americans" title="Berber Americans">Berber Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Americans" title="Algerian Americans">Algerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Americans" title="Libyan Americans">Libyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan American">Moroccan American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Americans" title="Tunisian Americans">Tunisian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtun Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Americans" title="Kyrgyz Americans">Kyrgyz Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Americans">Turkmen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Americans" title="Hakka Americans">Hakka Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans" title="Hong Kong Americans">Hong Kong Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_Americans" title="Ryukyuan Americans">Ryukyuan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Americans" title="Burmese Americans">Burmese Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Americans" title="Karen Americans">Karen Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Americans" title="Indonesian Americans">Indonesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Americans" title="Singaporean Americans">Singaporean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Romani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Slovak_Gypsies_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States">Hungarian Slovak Gypsies</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">West Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Americans">Bahraini Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Americans" title="Emirati Americans">Emirati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Americans" title="Jordanian Americans">Jordanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Americans" title="Kuwaiti Americans">Kuwaiti Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Omani Americans">Omani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatari Americans">Qatari Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Americans" title="Saudi Americans">Saudi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Americans" title="Syrian Americans">Syrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Americans" title="Yemeni Americans">Yemeni Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Americans" title="Israeli Americans">Israeli Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_Americans" title="Lezgin Americans">Lezgin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">Kurdish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Americans" title="Luxembourgish Americans">Luxembourgish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Americans">Nordic and Scandinavian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Americans">Slovenian Americans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet" title="Piegan Blackfeet">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colville_people" title="Colville people">Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_people" title="Crow people">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma_people" title="Houma people">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_people" title="Cayuga people">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_people" title="Onondaga people">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Diegueño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esselen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Esselen people">Esselen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk" title="Kitanemuk">Kitanemuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Luiseño people">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwin" title="Patwin">Patwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomo people">Pomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinan people">Salinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisun_people" title="Suisun people">Suisunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohlone people">Ohlone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaswas" title="Awaswas">Awaswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalon_people" title="Chalon people">Chalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochenyo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chochenyo people">Chochenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkin_people" title="Karkin people">Karkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyen people">Tamyen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataviam" title="Tataviam">Tataviam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongva people">Tongva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappo" title="Wappo">Wappo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintun" title="Wintun">Wintun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokuts" title="Yokuts">Yokuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiute" title="Paiute">Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zia_people_(New_Mexico)" title="Zia people (New Mexico)">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_peoples" title="Salish peoples">Salish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakama_Indian_Reservation" title="Yakama Indian Reservation">Yakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Athabaskans" title="Alaskan Athabaskans">Alaskan Athabaskans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq" title="Alutiiq">Alutiiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwich'in">Gwich'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiat" title="Iñupiat">Iñupiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit" title="Tlingit">Tlingit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Americans" title="Canadian Americans">Canadian Americans</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> <ul><li>Central America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Americans" title="Belizean Americans">Belizean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Americans" title="Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Americans">Puerto Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Mexican_Americans" title="Indigenous Mexican Americans">Indigenous Mexican Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_Americans" title="Oceanian Americans">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_Americans" title="Fijian Americans">Fijian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesian_Americans" title="French Polynesian Americans">French Polynesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_Americans" title="Marshallese Americans">Marshallese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_Americans" title="Micronesian Americans">Micronesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_Americans" title="Palauan Americans">Palauan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans">Samoan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Americans of Euro Oceanic origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Americans" title="Australian Americans">Australian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Americans" title="New Zealand Americans">New Zealand Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Americans" title="Argentine Americans">Argentine Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazilian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Americans" title="Chilean Americans">Chilean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Americans" title="Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Americans" title="Surinamese Americans">Surinamese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Americans" title="Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians#United_States" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerasian" title="Amerasian">Amerasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapa" title="Hapa">Hapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto#United_States" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People of the United States / Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American ancestry">Native American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_American_ancestries" class="mw-redirect" title="Maps of American ancestries">Maps of American ancestries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Race and ethnicity in the census</a></li></ul></li> <li>Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_(EEO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity (EEO)">Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Americans_by_location" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Spanish Americans by location"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Americans_by_location" title="Template talk:Spanish Americans by location"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Americans_by_location" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Americans by location"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Americans_by_location" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish Americans</a> by location</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Region of settlement <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridanos" title="Floridanos">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleños in Louisiana">Isleño</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomexicano" class="mw-redirect" title="Neomexicano">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejano">Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Spanish immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_settlement_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> <p>Region of origin </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galicia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_navbox" title="Template:Hispanic and Latino Americans navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_navbox" title="Template talk:Hispanic and Latino Americans navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanic and Latino Americans navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Index of articles related to Hispanic and Latino Americans">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_(ethnic_categories)" title="Hispanic and Latino (ethnic categories)">Hispanic and Latino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latino_(demonym)" title="Latino (demonym)">Latino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Demographics of Hispanic and Latino Americans">Demographics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Creoles of Louisiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os_(Louisiana)" title="Isleños (Louisiana)">Isleño</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floridanos" title="Floridanos">Floridanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Nuevomexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejanos" title="Tejanos">Tejano</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuyorican" title="Nuyorican">Nuyorican</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Americans" title="Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South American<sup id="cite_ref-D_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Americans" title="Argentine Americans">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Americans" title="Chilean Americans">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Americans" title="Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Americans" title="Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_among_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Christianity among Hispanic and Latino Americans">Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American_Muslims" title="Hispanic and Latino American Muslims">Muslims</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Arizona" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_California" title="Hispanics and Latinos in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_San_Diego" title="Hispanics and Latinos in San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Colorado" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Florida" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Maryland" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Massachusetts" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Nevada" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_New_Jersey" title="Hispanics and Latinos in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_New_Mexico" title="Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_New_York" title="Hispanics and Latinos in New York">New York</a></li> <li>Oregon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Texas" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Houston" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Houston">Houston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Utah" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Hispanics and Latinos in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States">Stereotypes in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_politics" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in politics">In politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">In the United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American_women_in_journalism" title="Hispanic and Latino American women in journalism">Women in journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-D-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The U.S. Census Bureau excludes Brazilian Americans from the "Hispanic or Latino" category.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_society" title="Category:Hispanic and Latino American society">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hispanic and Latino American">Commons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041917#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041917#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041917#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1128227/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85126234">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Américains d'origine espagnole"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12079458g">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Américains d'origine espagnole"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12079458g">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hispanoameričanky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1234515&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hispanoameričané"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph335393&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563200505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644588">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" 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