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Proteome analysis holds the promise of delivering insight into the pathophysiological changes associated with diabetes.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13460500" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) is variable, comprising different inflammatory and immune responses. Proteome analysis holds the promise of delivering insight into the pathophysiological changes associated with diabetes. Recently, we identified and validated urinary proteomics biomarkers for diabetes. 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With the aim of early and improved risk stratification of patients with CKD, we studied urinary peptides... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13460509" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Progressive CKD is generally detected at a late stage by a sustained decline in eGFR and/or the presence of significant albuminuria. With the aim of early and improved risk stratification of patients with CKD, we studied urinary peptides in a large cross-sectional multicenter cohort of 1990 individuals, including 522 with follow-up data, using proteome analysis. We validated that a previously established multipeptide urinary biomarker classifier performed significantly better in detecting and predicting progression of CKD than the current clinical standard, urinary albumin. The classifier was also more sensitive for identifying patients with rapidly progressing CKD. Compared with the combination of baseline eGFR and albuminuria (area under the curve [AUC]=0.758), the addition of the multipeptide biomarker classifier significantly improved CKD risk prediction (AUC=0.831) as assessed by the net reclassification index (0.303±-0.065; P&lt;0.001) and integrated discrimination improvement...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13460509" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d1e9af1e38e44f9ef27bce1d385f9cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45323321,"asset_id":13460509,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45323321/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32689131" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JustynaSiwy">Justyna Siwy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32689131" type="text/json">{"id":32689131,"first_name":"Justyna","last_name":"Siwy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JustynaSiwy","display_name":"Justyna Siwy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JustynaSiwy","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13460509">+6</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13460509"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HolgerHusi">Holger Husi</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanMenne">Jan Menne</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/WilliamMullen">William Mullen</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JJankowski1">J. Jankowski</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://halle.academia.edu/JBeige">J. 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Jankowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JJankowski1","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32756053,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Beige","domain_name":"halle","page_name":"JBeige","display_name":"J. 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Although there are explanations for this increase, the major factor is presumably diminishing mortality from hypertension and cardiovascular causes, so that patients survive long enough to develop nephropathy and end-stage renal failure. This review summarizes the striking differences between countries against the background of a similar tendency of an increasing incidence in all countries. Survival on renal replacement therapy continues to be substantially worse for patients with type 2 diabetes. A major reason for this observation is that patients enter renal replacement programs with cardiovascular morbidity acquired in the preterminal phase of renal failure. It is argued that the challenge for the future will be better patient management in earlier phases of diabetic nephropathy to attenuate or prevent progression, as well as cardiovascular complications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0965a5a74a523367db8f71b3cbdde0cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203218,"asset_id":13570440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203218/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570440", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13570440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13570440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13570440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13570440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8270" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting">Forecasting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8270" type="text/json">{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57511" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Comparison">Cross-Cultural Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57511" type="text/json">{"id":57511,"name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Comparison","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States">United States</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98134" type="text/json">{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102488" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_failure">Renal failure</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="102488" type="text/json">{"id":102488,"name":"Renal failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_failure","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13570440]'), work: {"id":13570440,"title":"End-stage renal failure in type 2 diabetes: A medical catastrophe of worldwide dimensions","created_at":"2015-07-02T22:03:37.665-07:00","owner_id":32754047,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/13570440/End_stage_renal_failure_in_type_2_diabetes_A_medical_catastrophe_of_worldwide_dimensions","slug":"End_stage_renal_failure_in_type_2_diabetes_A_medical_catastrophe_of_worldwide_dimensions","dom_id":"work_13570440","summary":"The incidence of patients with end-stage renal failure and diabetes mellitus type 2 as a comorbid condition has increased progressively in the past decades, first in the United States and Japan, but subsequently in all countries with a western lifestyle. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570442/Medium_Chain_Fatty_Acids_Decrease_Colonization_and_Invasion_through_hilA_Suppression_Shortly_after_Infection_of_Chickens_with_Salmonella_enterica_Serovar_Enteritidis">Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Decrease Colonization and Invasion through hilA Suppression Shortly after Infection of Chickens with Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The most common source of Salmonella infections in humans is food of poultry origin. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has a particular affinity for the contamination of the egg supply. In this study, the medium-chain fatty acids... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570442" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The most common source of Salmonella infections in humans is food of poultry origin. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has a particular affinity for the contamination of the egg supply. In this study, the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), caproic, caprylic, and capric acid, were evaluated for the control of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis in chickens. All MCFA were growth inhibiting at low concentrations in vitro, with caproic acid being the most potent. Contact of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis with low concentrations of MCFA decreased invasion in the intestinal epithelial cell line T84. By using transcriptional fusions between the promoter of the regulatory gene of the Salmonella pathogenicity island I, hilA, and luxCDABE genes, it was shown that all MCFA decreased the expression of hilA, a key regulator related to the invasive capacity of Salmonella. The addition of caproic acid (3 g/kg of feed) to the feed of chicks led to a significant decrease in the level of colonization of ceca and internal organs by Salmonella serovar Enteritidis at 3 days after infection of 5-day-old chicks. These results suggest that MCFA have a synergistic ability to suppress the expression of the genes required for invasion and to reduce the numbers of bacteria in vivo. Thus, MCFA are potentially useful products for reducing the level of colonization of chicks and could ultimately aid in the reduction of the number of contaminated eggs in the food supply.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570442" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f4550b63cec2d7fb78a70670bd5b02e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203214,"asset_id":13570442,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203214/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570442 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570442"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570442, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570442", }); 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Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has a particular affinity for the contamination of the egg supply. In this study, the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), caproic, caprylic, and capric acid, were evaluated for the control of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis in chickens. All MCFA were growth inhibiting at low concentrations in vitro, with caproic acid being the most potent. Contact of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis with low concentrations of MCFA decreased invasion in the intestinal epithelial cell line T84. By using transcriptional fusions between the promoter of the regulatory gene of the Salmonella pathogenicity island I, hilA, and luxCDABE genes, it was shown that all MCFA decreased the expression of hilA, a key regulator related to the invasive capacity of Salmonella. 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570443" data-work_id="13570443" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570443/Identification_of_Salmonella_enterica_serovar_Typhimurium_genes_associated_with_growth_suppression_in_stationary_phase_nutrient_broth_cultures_and_in_the_chicken_intestine">Identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium genes associated with growth suppression in stationary-phase nutrient broth cultures and in the chicken intestine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over 2,800 Tn5 insertion mutants of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium were screened for the loss of ability to suppress the multiplication of a spectinomycinresistant (Spc r ) but otherwise isogenic S. enterica sv. Typhimurium strain,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570443" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over 2,800 Tn5 insertion mutants of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium were screened for the loss of ability to suppress the multiplication of a spectinomycinresistant (Spc r ) but otherwise isogenic S. enterica sv. Typhimurium strain, when the Spc r mutant was added to 24-h LB broth cultures of the mutants. Selected "growth nonsuppressive" (GNS) mutants were defective in respiration (insertions in arcA and fnr), amino acid biosynthesis (aroA and aroD), nutrient uptake and its regulation (tdcC and crp), and chemotaxis (fliD). In the last GNS mutant, the transposon inactivated yhjH, an ORF with unknown function which shows sequence similarity to di-guanylate cyclase and to novel two-component signal transduction proteins. In newly hatched chickens, all of the mutants, with the exception of the fliD mutant, were also unable to suppress colonization of the alimentary tract by the parent strain inoculated 1 day later. Defined mutations in luxS or sdiA, genes which contribute to quorum sensing in S. enterica sv. Typhimurium, had no effect on the stationary-phase growth suppression. Analysis of a transcriptional fusion construct indicated that yhjH was moderately expressed in the exponential phase of growth and up-regulated upon entry into stationary phase. Expression of yhjH was also considerably suppressed by the addition of supernatant from a 24-h stationary-phase S. enterica sv. Typhimurium culture, suggesting that the gene belongs to a new sensing and signaling regulatory pathway in S. enterica sv. 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u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570446 coauthored" data-work_id="13570446" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570446/Virulence_potential_of_five_major_pathogenicity_islands_SPI_1_to_SPI_5_of_Salmonella_enterica_serovar_Enteritidis_for_chickens">Virulence potential of five major pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 to SPI-5) of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for chickens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Salmonella is a highly successful parasite of reptiles, birds and mammals. Its ability to infect and colonise such a broad range of hosts coincided with the introduction of new genetic determinants, among them 5 major... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570446" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Salmonella is a highly successful parasite of reptiles, birds and mammals. Its ability to infect and colonise such a broad range of hosts coincided with the introduction of new genetic determinants, among them 5 major pathogenicity islands (SPI1-5), into the Salmonella genome. However, only limited information is available on how each of these pathogenicity islands influences the ability of Salmonella to infect chickens. In this study, we therefore constructed Salmonella Enteritidis mutants with each SPI deleted separately, with single individual SPIs (i.e. with the remaining four deleted) and a mutant with all 5 SPIs deleted, and assessed their virulence in oneday-old chickens, together with the innate immune response of this host.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570446" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="942f5e310adcb361a7c0d93e4ffe25d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203224,"asset_id":13570446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203224/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39696876" href="https://independent.academia.edu/B%C3%A9laNagy3">Béla Nagy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39696876" type="text/json">{"id":39696876,"first_name":"Béla","last_name":"Nagy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BélaNagy3","display_name":"Béla Nagy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/B%C3%A9laNagy3","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13570446">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13570446"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13570446'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13570446').html(); 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DISEASES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POULTRY_DISEASES"},{"id":402759,"name":"Chickens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens"}],"publication_year":2009,"publication_year_with_fallback":2009,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":25,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570447" data-work_id="13570447" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570447/Long_Term_Treatment_With_Dipeptidyl_Peptidase_IV_Inhibitor_Improves_Hepatic_and_Peripheral_Insulin_Sensitivity_in_the_VDF_Zucker_Rat_A_Euglycemic_Hyperinsulinemic_Clamp_Study">Long-Term Treatment With Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor Improves Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in the VDF Zucker Rat: A Euglycemic-Hyperinsulinemic Clamp Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are responsible for >50% of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. After being released into the circulation, GIP and GLP-1 are rapidly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570447" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are responsible for >50% of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. After being released into the circulation, GIP and GLP-1 are rapidly inactivated by the circulating enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV). The use of DP IV inhibitors to enhance these insulinotropic hormonal axes has proven effective on an acute scale in both animals and humans; however, the long-term effects of these compounds have yet to be determined. Therefore, we carried out the following study: two groups of fa/fa Zucker rats (n ‫؍‬ 6 each) were treated twice daily for 3 months with the DP IV inhibitor P32/98 (20 mg ⅐ kg ؊1 ⅐ day ؊1 , p.o.). Monthly oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), performed after drug washout, revealed a progressive and sustained improvement in glucose tolerance in the treated animals. After 12 weeks of treatment, peak OGTT blood glucose values in the treated animals averaged 8.5 mmol/l less than in the controls (12.0 ؎ 0.7 vs. 20.5 ؎ 1.3 mmol/l, respectively). Concomitant insulin determinations showed an increased earlyphase insulin response in the treated group (43% increase). Furthermore, in response to an 8.8 mmol/l glucose perfusion, pancreata from controls showed no increase in insulin secretion, whereas pancreata from treated animals exhibited a 3.2-fold rise in insulin secretion, indicating enhanced ␤-cell glucose responsiveness. Also, both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose From the</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570447" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37791961903a71fefee855624c54631a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203219,"asset_id":13570447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203219/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570447"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570447, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570447", }); 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Concomitant insulin determinations showed an increased earlyphase insulin response in the treated group (43% increase). Furthermore, in response to an 8.8 mmol/l glucose perfusion, pancreata from controls showed no increase in insulin secretion, whereas pancreata from treated animals exhibited a 3.2-fold rise in insulin secretion, indicating enhanced ␤-cell glucose responsiveness. 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570448/Carnosine_as_a_Protective_Factor_in_Diabetic_Nephropathy_Association_With_a_Leucine_Repeat_of_the_Carnosinase_Gene_CNDP1">Carnosine as a Protective Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy: Association With a Leucine Repeat of the Carnosinase Gene CNDP1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The risk of diabetic nephropathy is partially genetically determined. Diabetic nephropathy is linked to a gene locus on chromosome 18q22.3-q23. We aimed to identify the causative gene on chromosome 18 and to study the mechanism by which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570448" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The risk of diabetic nephropathy is partially genetically determined. Diabetic nephropathy is linked to a gene locus on chromosome 18q22.3-q23. We aimed to identify the causative gene on chromosome 18 and to study the mechanism by which the product of this gene could be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. DNA polymorphisms were determined in 135 case (diabetic nephropathy) and 107 control (diabetes without nephropathy) subjects. The effect of carnosine on the production of extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor-␤ (TGF-␤) after exposure to 5 and 25 mmol/l D-glucose was studied in cultured human podocytes and mesangial cells, respectively. A trinucleotide repeat in exon 2 of the CNDP1 gene, coding for a leucine repeat in the leader peptide of the carnosinase-1 precursor, was associated with nephropathy. The shortest allelic form (CNDP1 Mannheim) was more common in the absence of nephropathy (P ‫؍‬ 0.0028, odds ratio 2.56 [95% CI 1.36 -4.84]) and was associated with lower serum carnosinase levels. Car-nosine inhibited the increased production of fibronectin and collagen type VI in podocytes and the increased production of TGF-␤ in mesangial cells induced by 25 mmol/l glucose. Diabetic patients with the CNDP1 Mannheim variant are less susceptible for nephropathy. Carnosine protects against the adverse effects of high glucose levels on renal cells.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570448" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="657aca7022b9df920d249450e1c0a20c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203211,"asset_id":13570448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203211/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570448"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570448, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570448", }); 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Diabetic nephropathy is linked to a gene locus on chromosome 18q22.3-q23. We aimed to identify the causative gene on chromosome 18 and to study the mechanism by which the product of this gene could be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. DNA polymorphisms were determined in 135 case (diabetic nephropathy) and 107 control (diabetes without nephropathy) subjects. The effect of carnosine on the production of extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor-␤ (TGF-␤) after exposure to 5 and 25 mmol/l D-glucose was studied in cultured human podocytes and mesangial cells, respectively. A trinucleotide repeat in exon 2 of the CNDP1 gene, coding for a leucine repeat in the leader peptide of the carnosinase-1 precursor, was associated with nephropathy. The shortest allelic form (CNDP1 Mannheim) was more common in the absence of nephropathy (P ‫؍‬ 0.0028, odds ratio 2.56 [95% CI 1.36 -4.84]) and was associated with lower serum carnosinase levels. Car-nosine inhibited the increased production of fibronectin and collagen type VI in podocytes and the increased production of TGF-␤ in mesangial cells induced by 25 mmol/l glucose. Diabetic patients with the CNDP1 Mannheim variant are less susceptible for nephropathy. 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u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570449" data-work_id="13570449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570449/Saxagliptin_improves_glycaemic_control_and_is_well_tolerated_in_patients_with_type_2_diabetes_mellitus_and_renal_impairment">Saxagliptin improves glycaemic control and is well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To evaluate the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin vs. placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renal impairment. Methods: In this multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To evaluate the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin vs. placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renal impairment. Methods: In this multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7-11% and creatinine clearance <50 ml/min were stratified by baseline renal impairment (moderate, severe or end-stage on haemodialysis), and randomized (1 : 1) to saxagliptin 2.5 mg once daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Oral antihyperglycaemic drugs and insulin therapy present at enrolment were continued throughout the study. The absolute change in HbA1c from baseline to week 12 (primary efficacy end-point) was analysed using an analysis of covariance model with last observation carried forward methodology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1e683a5b1ad668b43e52d6fff4f30a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203208,"asset_id":13570449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203208/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570449", }); 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Methods: In this multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7-11% and creatinine clearance \u003c50 ml/min were stratified by baseline renal impairment (moderate, severe or end-stage on haemodialysis), and randomized (1 : 1) to saxagliptin 2.5 mg once daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Oral antihyperglycaemic drugs and insulin therapy present at enrolment were continued throughout the study. The absolute change in HbA1c from baseline to week 12 (primary efficacy end-point) was analysed using an analysis of covariance model with last observation carried forward methodology.","publication":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","publication_with_fallback":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45203208,"asset_id":13570449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203208/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203208/Saxagliptin_improves_glycaemic_control_a20160429-32635-kqnvv9-libre.pdf?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSaxagliptin_improves_glycaemic_control_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1740558585\u0026Signature=ZgVJg~tbbGwGn~VD8Mi575RYm84~GyAthnwAWET27vDjIsnvPvOPt7rQaD2A7kYDFpZAgKALRemMTt8XwWGOksEhAnyy-A0ORCkluANgzUzV5QT-uudVdU3msQe3OqO0RUStoCF8b3yjxc4toXPFaOH2IfQozzbelTeY1ipUiU9JDqczk~pJPRIc~~ngJzvVr1ohSqgXHmsiUG4xtNITPEuEkkKrItQFglmD1824bLqZ3oDbbUl35DdoRE5ooQ0B3EBxxHrfIpNfR8hWwAuZIUbCZBNsAMNA-B7U78hwvhSXwQ8p6wmbGG33JoLsptjkuxahEd87ofAGNNHkxRbogw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203208/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203208/mini_magick20190212-12825-13yp3fd.png?1550031728"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":45203208,"asset_id":13570449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203208/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203208/Saxagliptin_improves_glycaemic_control_a20160429-32635-kqnvv9-libre.pdf?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSaxagliptin_improves_glycaemic_control_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1740558585\u0026Signature=ZgVJg~tbbGwGn~VD8Mi575RYm84~GyAthnwAWET27vDjIsnvPvOPt7rQaD2A7kYDFpZAgKALRemMTt8XwWGOksEhAnyy-A0ORCkluANgzUzV5QT-uudVdU3msQe3OqO0RUStoCF8b3yjxc4toXPFaOH2IfQozzbelTeY1ipUiU9JDqczk~pJPRIc~~ngJzvVr1ohSqgXHmsiUG4xtNITPEuEkkKrItQFglmD1824bLqZ3oDbbUl35DdoRE5ooQ0B3EBxxHrfIpNfR8hWwAuZIUbCZBNsAMNA-B7U78hwvhSXwQ8p6wmbGG33JoLsptjkuxahEd87ofAGNNHkxRbogw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203208/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203208/mini_magick20190212-12825-13yp3fd.png?1550031728"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":10,"ordered_authors":[{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome","nofollow":true},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose","nofollow":true},{"id":158052,"name":"Placebos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placebos","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged"},{"id":915951,"name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Type_2_Diabetes_Mellitus"},{"id":1106287,"name":"Chronic Kidney Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Kidney_Failure"},{"id":1190805,"name":"Adamantane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adamantane"}],"publication_year":2011,"publication_year_with_fallback":2011,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":68,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570450" data-work_id="13570450" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570450/Vaccination_and_early_protection_against_non_host_specific_Salmonella_serotypes_in_poultry_exploitation_of_innate_immunity_and_microbial_activity">Vaccination and early protection against non-host-specific Salmonella serotypes in poultry: exploitation of innate immunity and microbial activity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A recent European Union Directive required member states to put monitoring and control programmes in place, of which vaccination is a central component. Live Salmonella vaccines generally confer better protection than killed vaccines,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570450" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A recent European Union Directive required member states to put monitoring and control programmes in place, of which vaccination is a central component. Live Salmonella vaccines generally confer better protection than killed vaccines, because the former stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Administering Salmonella bacteria orally to newly hatched chickens results in extensive gut colonization and a strong adaptive immune stimulus but broiler chickens are immunologically immature. However, colonization exerts a variety of rapid (within 24 h) protective effects. These include specific colonization-inhibition (competitive exclusion) in which the protective bacteria exert a profound resistance to establishment and colonization by other related bacteria. This is thought to be primarily a metabolic attribute of the vaccinating bacteria but may also involve competition for attachment sites. The presence of large numbers of bacteria originating from a live Salmonella vaccine in the intestine can also induce infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into the intestinal wall, which confers resistance to invasion and systemic spread by virulent Salmonella strains. This opens new perspectives for vaccine usage in broilers, layers and breeding poultry but also in other animals which show increased susceptibility to infection because of their young age or for other reasons, such as oral chemoprophylaxis or chemotherapy, where the lack of established normal gut flora is an issue. We recommend that all live vaccines considered for oral administration should be tested for their ability to induce the two protective effects described above. Further developments in live Salmonella vaccines are, however, currently hindered by fears associated with the use and release of live vaccines which may be genetically modified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570450" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c07243f6a2b2a682c707af93ee074c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203225,"asset_id":13570450,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203225/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570450 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570450"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570450, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570450", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13570450]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13570450").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13570450").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13570450"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24706" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity">Innate immunity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24706" type="text/json">{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="179934" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination">Vaccination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="179934" type="text/json">{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="255899" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry">Poultry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="255899" type="text/json">{"id":255899,"name":"Poultry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="257897" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella">Salmonella</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="257897" type="text/json">{"id":257897,"name":"Salmonella","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13570450]'), work: {"id":13570450,"title":"Vaccination and early protection against non-host-specific Salmonella serotypes in poultry: exploitation of innate immunity and microbial activity","created_at":"2015-07-02T22:03:38.460-07:00","owner_id":32754047,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/13570450/Vaccination_and_early_protection_against_non_host_specific_Salmonella_serotypes_in_poultry_exploitation_of_innate_immunity_and_microbial_activity","slug":"Vaccination_and_early_protection_against_non_host_specific_Salmonella_serotypes_in_poultry_exploitation_of_innate_immunity_and_microbial_activity","dom_id":"work_13570450","summary":"A recent European Union Directive required member states to put monitoring and control programmes in place, of which vaccination is a central component. Live Salmonella vaccines generally confer better protection than killed vaccines, because the former stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Administering Salmonella bacteria orally to newly hatched chickens results in extensive gut colonization and a strong adaptive immune stimulus but broiler chickens are immunologically immature. However, colonization exerts a variety of rapid (within 24 h) protective effects. These include specific colonization-inhibition (competitive exclusion) in which the protective bacteria exert a profound resistance to establishment and colonization by other related bacteria. This is thought to be primarily a metabolic attribute of the vaccinating bacteria but may also involve competition for attachment sites. The presence of large numbers of bacteria originating from a live Salmonella vaccine in the intestine can also induce infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into the intestinal wall, which confers resistance to invasion and systemic spread by virulent Salmonella strains. This opens new perspectives for vaccine usage in broilers, layers and breeding poultry but also in other animals which show increased susceptibility to infection because of their young age or for other reasons, such as oral chemoprophylaxis or chemotherapy, where the lack of established normal gut flora is an issue. We recommend that all live vaccines considered for oral administration should be tested for their ability to induce the two protective effects described above. Further developments in live Salmonella vaccines are, however, currently hindered by fears associated with the use and release of live vaccines which may be genetically modified.","publication":"Epidemiology and Infection","publication_with_fallback":"Epidemiology and Infection","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45203225,"asset_id":13570450,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203225/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203225/Vaccination_and_early_protection_against20160429-25741-1gc04up-libre.pdf?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVaccination_and_early_protection_against.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573677\u0026Signature=eyY~EPKcNrw1gJ9Zttwb~y-od-7UthzVVKq648USMTh-I7DK07g1XSAf8yO4N3QAb7D5F991Lv5A9Uj215LIYxMXowaBE9xnVmL8sEHUxfXGThOaL5IwkbuJnq95nF8y0Y-XxPTigUJlFYuVV4--PuB1gQGcgWZ3ft~xCuoVbnbYmcPeaIepV8k69-VRXnR5Gda6mFOWHBrqLIlS0-pJKFJMxsU7jXDNIvMituOpr4lQ3a67NCo8svlg2KpaJjMNQeLCshFiMhUumDVR8G0awjFP8K2W9VH9rXF-oyas5A91C0KDiQjXzl2kwMcJPKCvp4yvppTX1kB8fBA7KQSNag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203225/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203225/mini_magick20180819-26842-1o963eo.png?1534684847"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":45203225,"asset_id":13570450,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203225/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203225/Vaccination_and_early_protection_against20160429-25741-1gc04up-libre.pdf?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVaccination_and_early_protection_against.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573677\u0026Signature=eyY~EPKcNrw1gJ9Zttwb~y-od-7UthzVVKq648USMTh-I7DK07g1XSAf8yO4N3QAb7D5F991Lv5A9Uj215LIYxMXowaBE9xnVmL8sEHUxfXGThOaL5IwkbuJnq95nF8y0Y-XxPTigUJlFYuVV4--PuB1gQGcgWZ3ft~xCuoVbnbYmcPeaIepV8k69-VRXnR5Gda6mFOWHBrqLIlS0-pJKFJMxsU7jXDNIvMituOpr4lQ3a67NCo8svlg2KpaJjMNQeLCshFiMhUumDVR8G0awjFP8K2W9VH9rXF-oyas5A91C0KDiQjXzl2kwMcJPKCvp4yvppTX1kB8fBA7KQSNag__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203225/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203225/mini_magick20180819-26842-1o963eo.png?1534684847"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":20,"ordered_authors":[{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity","nofollow":true},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination","nofollow":true},{"id":255899,"name":"Poultry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry","nofollow":true},{"id":257897,"name":"Salmonella","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella","nofollow":true},{"id":366620,"name":"POULTRY DISEASES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/POULTRY_DISEASES"},{"id":402759,"name":"Chickens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":533275,"name":"Microbial Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Activity"},{"id":589755,"name":"Host Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Specificity"},{"id":2047519,"name":"Salmonella Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella_Vaccines"}],"publication_year":2005,"publication_year_with_fallback":2005,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":254,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570451" data-work_id="13570451" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570451/Growth_and_colonization_suppression_of_Salmonella_enterica_serovar_Hadar_in_vitro_and_in_vivo">Growth and colonization suppression of Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar in vitro and in vivo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Growth suppression in Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar (S. Hadar) was investigated, in vitro under strict anaerobiosis and in vivo in the intestine of the day-old chicken. Stationary-phase cultures of 20 S. Hadar field strains were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570451" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Growth suppression in Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar (S. Hadar) was investigated, in vitro under strict anaerobiosis and in vivo in the intestine of the day-old chicken. Stationary-phase cultures of 20 S. Hadar field strains were tested against each other for growth suppression activity by their ability to suppress the multiplication of low counts of minority cultures inoculated into them as nalidixic acid-resistant mutants. All strains showed profound growth suppression. Four S. Hadar strains were selected and further tested for their ability to suppress growth of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow and S. Saintpaul. One of the four strains (S. Hadar 18) was randomly selected for further studies. Precolonization of chicken with S. Hadar 18 prevented superinfection with any of the serovars mentioned above. From more than 1000 TnphoA mutants of S. Hadar 18 screened against the parent strain anaerobically in vitro, four were non-suppressive with TnphoA insertions in dapF, aroD, sgaT or tatA. Only the dapF mutant was also non-suppressive in the chicken intestine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570451" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47efc3a48f1e975a2ae2eb0507bf8e56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203213,"asset_id":13570451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203213/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570451 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570451"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570451, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570451", }); 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Hadar) was investigated, in vitro under strict anaerobiosis and in vivo in the intestine of the day-old chicken. Stationary-phase cultures of 20 S. Hadar field strains were tested against each other for growth suppression activity by their ability to suppress the multiplication of low counts of minority cultures inoculated into them as nalidixic acid-resistant mutants. All strains showed profound growth suppression. Four S. Hadar strains were selected and further tested for their ability to suppress growth of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow and S. Saintpaul. One of the four strains (S. Hadar 18) was randomly selected for further studies. Precolonization of chicken with S. Hadar 18 prevented superinfection with any of the serovars mentioned above. From more than 1000 TnphoA mutants of S. Hadar 18 screened against the parent strain anaerobically in vitro, four were non-suppressive with TnphoA insertions in dapF, aroD, sgaT or tatA. Only the dapF mutant was also non-suppressive in the chicken intestine.","publication":"FEMS Microbiology Letters","publication_with_fallback":"FEMS Microbiology Letters","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45203213,"asset_id":13570451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203213/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203213/s0378-1097_2802_2901126-6-libre.pdf20160429-16950-1e5y5gu?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGrowth_and_colonization_suppression_of_S.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573677\u0026Signature=C9ZAPezSso9ImbhnyVkBaTBz0QnGF2GjIR1qvUJzR~LK2uAXlcIErNlc5ZCLZ6qKwzLXodaFcyKMqlMwwKMXWBIhfEE7s8xsMD4DKC69yVIDRPCbef9FzTPNjilrbCCp-8~XEBHVmqMkl6g5DxbHUSkWG~ZNIOsXQwTWsEk7cW9Lpc59ikSR7YCh4U5WBxn8G6qACULAnLN4Gacp0B-~emRCuR-to--mxWu4NIKbrd4hDxTL5Tai02vuGHLk2W7F1MUvPZQnK~SWFKjeAbkBiaVPSbWeh1yzVzxsxHT~m1x8TwgIv29Rico5dH-cPiO-sZTH~NFQtHPqS0P4d0wVEg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203213/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203213/mini_magick20190212-12825-1wemnog.png?1550031685"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":45203213,"asset_id":13570451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203213/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203213/s0378-1097_2802_2901126-6-libre.pdf20160429-16950-1e5y5gu?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DGrowth_and_colonization_suppression_of_S.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573677\u0026Signature=C9ZAPezSso9ImbhnyVkBaTBz0QnGF2GjIR1qvUJzR~LK2uAXlcIErNlc5ZCLZ6qKwzLXodaFcyKMqlMwwKMXWBIhfEE7s8xsMD4DKC69yVIDRPCbef9FzTPNjilrbCCp-8~XEBHVmqMkl6g5DxbHUSkWG~ZNIOsXQwTWsEk7cW9Lpc59ikSR7YCh4U5WBxn8G6qACULAnLN4Gacp0B-~emRCuR-to--mxWu4NIKbrd4hDxTL5Tai02vuGHLk2W7F1MUvPZQnK~SWFKjeAbkBiaVPSbWeh1yzVzxsxHT~m1x8TwgIv29Rico5dH-cPiO-sZTH~NFQtHPqS0P4d0wVEg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203213/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203213/mini_magick20190212-12825-1wemnog.png?1550031685"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":7,"ordered_authors":[{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences","nofollow":true},{"id":402759,"name":"Chickens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens","nofollow":true},{"id":2061307,"name":"Nalidixic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nalidixic_acid","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2003,"publication_year_with_fallback":2003,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":15,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570452" data-work_id="13570452" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570452/NFkappaB_and_its_inhibitor_IkappaB_in_relation_to_type_2_diabetes_and_its_microvascular_and_atherosclerotic_complications">NFkappaB and its inhibitor IkappaB in relation to type 2 diabetes and its microvascular and atherosclerotic complications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) is an important transcription factor that together with its inhibitor (IkappaB) participates in the activation of genes involved in immune responses. We examined the CA repeat polymorphism of the NFKB1... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570452" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) is an important transcription factor that together with its inhibitor (IkappaB) participates in the activation of genes involved in immune responses. We examined the CA repeat polymorphism of the NFKB1 gene (encoding for NFkappaB) and A/G point variation in the 3&#x27;UTR region of the nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) gene (encoding for IkappaB) in Czech and German patients with type 2 diabetes. The sample consisted of 211 patients, both with and without kidney complications, and 159 controls. Additionally, 152 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were genotyped for NFKBIA polymorphism. We observed a significant increase in the homozygous AA genotype of the NFKBIA gene when compared with the control group (the highest value was in diabetics without diabetic nephropathy [p(c)* = 0.0015, odds ratio = 3.59]). No differences were seen between the SLE and control groups. With regard to the polymorphism of the NFKB1 gene, we did...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570452" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bea910cbc2d2b90906f889c5f7cb1e59" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203223,"asset_id":13570452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203223/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570452"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570452, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570452", }); 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We examined the CA repeat polymorphism of the NFKB1 gene (encoding for NFkappaB) and A/G point variation in the 3\u0026#x27;UTR region of the nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA) gene (encoding for IkappaB) in Czech and German patients with type 2 diabetes. The sample consisted of 211 patients, both with and without kidney complications, and 159 controls. Additionally, 152 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were genotyped for NFKBIA polymorphism. We observed a significant increase in the homozygous AA genotype of the NFKBIA gene when compared with the control group (the highest value was in diabetics without diabetic nephropathy [p(c)* = 0.0015, odds ratio = 3.59]). No differences were seen between the SLE and control groups. 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Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology","nofollow":true},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response","nofollow":true},{"id":3855,"name":"Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymorphism","nofollow":true},{"id":8015,"name":"Atherosclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis","nofollow":true},{"id":66613,"name":"Autoimmune Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoimmune_Disease"},{"id":66614,"name":"Systemic Lupus 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We found that the aroA, aroD, and aroC mutants were sensitive to blood serum,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570457" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study we characterized aro mutants of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, which are frequently used as live oral vaccines. We found that the aroA, aroD, and aroC mutants were sensitive to blood serum, albumen, EDTA, and ovotransferrin, and this defect could be complemented by an appropriate aro gene cloned in a plasmid. Subsequent microarray analysis of gene expression in the aroD mutant in serovar Typhimurium indicated that the reason for this sensitivity might be the upregulation of murA. To confirm this, we artificially overexpressed murA from a multicopy plasmid, and this overexpression caused sensitivity of the strain to albumen and EDTA but not to serum and ovotransferrin. We concluded that attenuation of aro mutants is caused not only by their inability to synthesize aromatic metabolites but also by their defect in cell wall and outer membrane functions associated with decreased resistance to components of innate immune response.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570457" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38dea023caa9f873e5c6bce2c143c877" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203236,"asset_id":13570457,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203236/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570457 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570457"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570457, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570457", }); 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We concluded that attenuation of aro mutants is caused not only by their inability to synthesize aromatic metabolites but also by their defect in cell wall and outer membrane functions associated with decreased resistance to components of innate immune response.","publication":"Journal of Bacteriology","publication_with_fallback":"Journal of 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Typhimurium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella_Typhimurium"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":837135,"name":"Cell Wall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Wall"},{"id":837636,"name":"SERUM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SERUM"},{"id":1451595,"name":"Edetic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edetic_Acid"}],"publication_year":2008,"publication_year_with_fallback":2008,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":8,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570458 coauthored" data-work_id="13570458" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570458/Nationwide_biopsy_survey_of_renal_diseases_in_the_Czech_Republic_during_the_years_1994_2011">Nationwide biopsy survey of renal diseases in the Czech Republic during the years 1994–2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background We describe data on 10,472 renal biopsies gathered by the Czech Registry of Renal Biopsies over a period of 18 years. Methods We assessed the main demographic, clinical and histological data of individuals who underwent renal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570458" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background We describe data on 10,472 renal biopsies gathered by the Czech Registry of Renal Biopsies over a period of 18 years. Methods We assessed the main demographic, clinical and histological data of individuals who underwent renal biopsies of native kidneys in 31 centers in the Czech Republic (population 10.3 million) during the period 1994-2011.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bdc854e7aac69138c7298c52057df2b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203254,"asset_id":13570458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203254/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13570458">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13570458"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OndrejViklicky">Ondrej Viklicky</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VladimirTesar">Vladimir Tesar</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13570458'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13570458').html(); 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Methods We assessed the main demographic, clinical and histological data of individuals who underwent renal biopsies of native kidneys in 31 centers in the Czech Republic (population 10.3 million) during the period 1994-2011.","publication":"Journal of Nephrology","publication_with_fallback":"Journal of Nephrology","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45203254,"asset_id":13570458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203254/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203254/Nationwide_biopsy_survey_of_renal_diseas20160429-77482-1u74e01-libre.pdf?1461945760=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNationwide_biopsy_survey_of_renal_diseas.pdf\u0026Expires=1740553235\u0026Signature=Kyc3uNEXVbO7sHRwU8VwHcUFP1bxbIOzBVxSF6EHZgItpDIROlH8sWYDW7deVeOps0mHDcGLwQIkCZ8Bs~xEnREN8iTwk1jwo3G0DeGa-qEJhp-KOK0rxzSbstoeRjiogZwXtm-LfrfK2ZLy9K45TrZjIAHBSLNfVuTyS5w8r~DY2rcZAMjWUSCI~JqpbmhbrsYf4yleFZU0ttvoHYy84OBpuMTjGe8dBTqdNei~fILFrI2uBckRnQNoWIuRZVxQePLGbRmanlb0goIhF739gLRBoaTbWs5Pw5q1hfmWWJdw3SJZfc03Gn66gMX3bnSVvO-DqgsObsandvusYkOW-g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203254/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203254/mini_magick20190212-9124-14pb37u.png?1550031635"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":45203254,"asset_id":13570458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203254/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203254/Nationwide_biopsy_survey_of_renal_diseas20160429-77482-1u74e01-libre.pdf?1461945760=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNationwide_biopsy_survey_of_renal_diseas.pdf\u0026Expires=1740553235\u0026Signature=Kyc3uNEXVbO7sHRwU8VwHcUFP1bxbIOzBVxSF6EHZgItpDIROlH8sWYDW7deVeOps0mHDcGLwQIkCZ8Bs~xEnREN8iTwk1jwo3G0DeGa-qEJhp-KOK0rxzSbstoeRjiogZwXtm-LfrfK2ZLy9K45TrZjIAHBSLNfVuTyS5w8r~DY2rcZAMjWUSCI~JqpbmhbrsYf4yleFZU0ttvoHYy84OBpuMTjGe8dBTqdNei~fILFrI2uBckRnQNoWIuRZVxQePLGbRmanlb0goIhF739gLRBoaTbWs5Pw5q1hfmWWJdw3SJZfc03Gn66gMX3bnSVvO-DqgsObsandvusYkOW-g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203254/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203254/mini_magick20190212-9124-14pb37u.png?1550031635"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":11,"ordered_authors":[{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":48924578,"first_name":"Ondrej","last_name":"Viklicky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OndrejViklicky","display_name":"Ondrej Viklicky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OndrejViklicky","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36190779,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Tesar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VladimirTesar","display_name":"Vladimir Tesar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VladimirTesar","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":622,"name":"Nephrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephrology","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2014,"publication_year_with_fallback":2014,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":19,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570462 coauthored" data-work_id="13570462" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570462/Left_ventricular_hypertrophy_in_renal_failure">Left ventricular hypertrophy in renal failure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Left ventricular hypertrophy in renal failure. In patients with terminal renal failure, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is extremely common. It is found in approximately 60 to 80% of patients starting renal replacement therapy. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570462" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Left ventricular hypertrophy in renal failure. In patients with terminal renal failure, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is extremely common. It is found in approximately 60 to 80% of patients starting renal replacement therapy. The main causes of LVH are increased preload from hypervolemia and increased afterload from increased peripheral resistance, giving rise to a mixture of excentric and concentric hypertrophy, but other factors (high cardiac output from anemia and arteriovenous (A-V) fistula, altered compliance of central arteries, and activation of local systems such as renin and endothelin) also play a role. The clinical importance of LVH derives from the fact that LVH is a predictor of cardiac death in dialyzed patients independent of blood pressure. LVH is accompanied by microvascular disease and by marked interstitial fibrosis (more than seen in non-renal patients with similar degrees of hypertension). Recent findings suggest that LV remodeling starts early and is seen even in normotensive patients with glomerulonephritis when GFR is still normal. The strategies to reduce LVH include reduction of hypervolemia, (near) normalization of hemoglobin and lowering of blood pressure, particularly by administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570462" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5e94d215c90695e3f238d50753de6f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203200,"asset_id":13570462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203200/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13570462">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13570462"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KerstinAmann">Kerstin Amann</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13570462'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13570462').html(); 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In patients with terminal renal failure, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is extremely common. It is found in approximately 60 to 80% of patients starting renal replacement therapy. The main causes of LVH are increased preload from hypervolemia and increased afterload from increased peripheral resistance, giving rise to a mixture of excentric and concentric hypertrophy, but other factors (high cardiac output from anemia and arteriovenous (A-V) fistula, altered compliance of central arteries, and activation of local systems such as renin and endothelin) also play a role. The clinical importance of LVH derives from the fact that LVH is a predictor of cardiac death in dialyzed patients independent of blood pressure. LVH is accompanied by microvascular disease and by marked interstitial fibrosis (more than seen in non-renal patients with similar degrees of hypertension). Recent findings suggest that LV remodeling starts early and is seen even in normotensive patients with glomerulonephritis when GFR is still normal. The strategies to reduce LVH include reduction of hypervolemia, (near) normalization of hemoglobin and lowering of blood pressure, particularly by administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.","publication":"Kidney International","publication_with_fallback":"Kidney International","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45203200,"asset_id":13570462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203200/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203200/j.1523-1755.1998.06818.x-libre.pdf20160429-16924-k0sidd?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeft_ventricular_hypertrophy_in_renal_fa.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573678\u0026Signature=KaqIxU4mmqTRcgCStOntLnaIx0LaFlUP5m~Z4WROCtVdmhyBgd-qH9n6YjM9DfepXN0gs3CR8ck~1k1fyuG3gZC5YlcioVEW9CXSfJdfprL9Pj2DURmFHWGXP-rDeyXoF-g7lfwHneFVLZGU8FdiCL1iP5qTuz6kHf~RTVJWozUiFD67Fnq7N2gfHqcL7U5XpTOiPsZLo76mtLISR1JMwiKcYS3pUkNUgOe~rGAhuWc-x8hPEAxiyzCZ2n8IE6jvLlkbebrIxAgb2UkfA2bOQ7FOHspII564LslYLdIX41ocLiSKDIUOr69dM8E6TUwYoqgGcYvwlO1rbBktYUSS9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203200/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203200/mini_magick20220718-2269-14qkuf0.png?1658186599"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":45203200,"asset_id":13570462,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203200/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203200/j.1523-1755.1998.06818.x-libre.pdf20160429-16924-k0sidd?1461945762=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeft_ventricular_hypertrophy_in_renal_fa.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573678\u0026Signature=KaqIxU4mmqTRcgCStOntLnaIx0LaFlUP5m~Z4WROCtVdmhyBgd-qH9n6YjM9DfepXN0gs3CR8ck~1k1fyuG3gZC5YlcioVEW9CXSfJdfprL9Pj2DURmFHWGXP-rDeyXoF-g7lfwHneFVLZGU8FdiCL1iP5qTuz6kHf~RTVJWozUiFD67Fnq7N2gfHqcL7U5XpTOiPsZLo76mtLISR1JMwiKcYS3pUkNUgOe~rGAhuWc-x8hPEAxiyzCZ2n8IE6jvLlkbebrIxAgb2UkfA2bOQ7FOHspII564LslYLdIX41ocLiSKDIUOr69dM8E6TUwYoqgGcYvwlO1rbBktYUSS9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203200/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203200/mini_magick20220718-2269-14qkuf0.png?1658186599"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":8,"ordered_authors":[{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32807890,"first_name":"Kerstin","last_name":"Amann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KerstinAmann","display_name":"Kerstin Amann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KerstinAmann","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney","nofollow":true},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure","nofollow":true},{"id":102488,"name":"Renal failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_failure","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences","nofollow":true},{"id":426578,"name":"Cardiac Output Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiac_Output_Monitoring"},{"id":493010,"name":"Sudden Cardiac Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sudden_Cardiac_Death"},{"id":515631,"name":"Left ventricular hypertrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_ventricular_hypertrophy"},{"id":1343221,"name":"Renal Replacement Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Replacement_Therapy"}],"publication_year":1998,"publication_year_with_fallback":1998,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":35,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570466" data-work_id="13570466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570466/Endstage_renal_failure_in_diabetes_type_II_a_silent_epidemic">Endstage renal failure in diabetes type II - a silent epidemic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Endstage renal failure in patients with type I1 diabetes has become, or will become, the leading cause of endstage renal failure in different countries with Western life style. The incidence of the proportion of patients with diabetes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570466" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Endstage renal failure in patients with type I1 diabetes has become, or will become, the leading cause of endstage renal failure in different countries with Western life style. The incidence of the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus, mostly type 11, amongst patients admitted for renal replacement therapy, is continuously on the rise, and somewhat less so the prevalence of diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy. The discrepancy is due to the higher mortality in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. The causes for the increase comprises of increasing prevalence of type I1 diabetes in the population, better survival in diabetic patients with nephropathy, and other factors. Efforts to stem this medical catastrophy will necessitate (i) information of the medical community: about the renal risk of type I1 diabetes and the striking effectiveness of preventive measures, (ii) implementation of better care of the diabetic patient, and (iii) efforts to reduce the high prevalence of diabetes in the population.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3d7e677b7f99f32d55fbb572f23d810d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203199,"asset_id":13570466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203199/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13570466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13570466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13570466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13570466", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13570466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13570466").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13570466").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13570466"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="622" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephrology">Nephrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="622" type="text/json">{"id":622,"name":"Nephrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephrology","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102488" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_failure">Renal failure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="102488" type="text/json">{"id":102488,"name":"Renal failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_failure","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13570466]'), work: {"id":13570466,"title":"Endstage renal failure in diabetes type II - a silent epidemic","created_at":"2015-07-02T22:03:39.849-07:00","owner_id":32754047,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/13570466/Endstage_renal_failure_in_diabetes_type_II_a_silent_epidemic","slug":"Endstage_renal_failure_in_diabetes_type_II_a_silent_epidemic","dom_id":"work_13570466","summary":"Endstage renal failure in patients with type I1 diabetes has become, or will become, the leading cause of endstage renal failure in different countries with Western life style. The incidence of the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus, mostly type 11, amongst patients admitted for renal replacement therapy, is continuously on the rise, and somewhat less so the prevalence of diabetic patients on renal replacement therapy. The discrepancy is due to the higher mortality in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. The causes for the increase comprises of increasing prevalence of type I1 diabetes in the population, better survival in diabetic patients with nephropathy, and other factors. Efforts to stem this medical catastrophy will necessitate (i) information of the medical community: about the renal risk of type I1 diabetes and the striking effectiveness of preventive measures, (ii) implementation of better care of the diabetic patient, and (iii) efforts to reduce the high prevalence of diabetes in the population.","publication":"Nephrology","publication_with_fallback":"Nephrology","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45203199,"asset_id":13570466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203199/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203199/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00363.x-libre.pdf20160429-77482-1q5d1bh?1461945763=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEndstage_renal_failure_in_diabetes_type.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573678\u0026Signature=Bfa5iHtmTqsckJBi8vpeKFLLzmsunK9R-07RujMrCsUJoK1tih66z5Jx0yXQ3~s6i3laZxGIOVZnplIev9Xb2D1bxZvtSZFgqJCHek5pWz4EMTVqnzYWahwtJOCus36NAU0xaUZ9NxvkaEv0fbssyblX3R3r6mQnWe6ovs7OS55e17qyB6FuT0CnvStP8-fGHgtkOiHSxl3u-GzA7Uj~9mcdoG6pKimka06VA5Y4KKFNU7NMEhtDG802leeAR8Kl4zCeCX1pX6P1VHqtgKVSq~lNe6MzdzIyPDRhJhR5iGtjLUUYJMoJQ1MBzzTLzLlHW4OTWMsVhhIw8jXfYPTTyQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203199/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203199/mini_magick20190212-28816-1orpr01.png?1550031680"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":45203199,"asset_id":13570466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45203199/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45203199/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00363.x-libre.pdf20160429-77482-1q5d1bh?1461945763=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEndstage_renal_failure_in_diabetes_type.pdf\u0026Expires=1740573678\u0026Signature=Bfa5iHtmTqsckJBi8vpeKFLLzmsunK9R-07RujMrCsUJoK1tih66z5Jx0yXQ3~s6i3laZxGIOVZnplIev9Xb2D1bxZvtSZFgqJCHek5pWz4EMTVqnzYWahwtJOCus36NAU0xaUZ9NxvkaEv0fbssyblX3R3r6mQnWe6ovs7OS55e17qyB6FuT0CnvStP8-fGHgtkOiHSxl3u-GzA7Uj~9mcdoG6pKimka06VA5Y4KKFNU7NMEhtDG802leeAR8Kl4zCeCX1pX6P1VHqtgKVSq~lNe6MzdzIyPDRhJhR5iGtjLUUYJMoJQ1MBzzTLzLlHW4OTWMsVhhIw8jXfYPTTyQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203199/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/45203199/mini_magick20190212-28816-1orpr01.png?1550031680"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":4,"ordered_authors":[{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":622,"name":"Nephrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nephrology","nofollow":true},{"id":102488,"name":"Renal failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_failure","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":1998,"publication_year_with_fallback":1998,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":12,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13570467 coauthored" data-work_id="13570467" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13570467/The_Czech_registry_of_renal_biopsies_Occurrence_of_renal_diseases_in_the_years_1994_2000">The Czech registry of renal biopsies. Occurrence of renal diseases in the years 1994-2000</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background. This report describes data collected by the Czech Registry of Renal Biopsies (CRRB). Methods. Twenty-eight centres provided data on all biopsies of native kidneys performed in the Czech Republic (population 10.3 million) over... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13570467" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background. This report describes data collected by the Czech Registry of Renal Biopsies (CRRB). Methods. Twenty-eight centres provided data on all biopsies of native kidneys performed in the Czech Republic (population 10.3 million) over the period 1994-2000. Data on serum creatinine concentration (sCr), 24 h proteinuria, haematuria, serum albumin level, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, histological diagnosis and complications after renal biopsy were collected. Results. Altogether 4004 biopsies in 3874 patients were performed (males 57.9%, children 15 years 17.7%, elderly >60 years 14.3%). Microhaematuria was present in 65.9%, macrohaematuria in 9.2%, nephrotic proteinuria (3.5 g/24 h) in 39.3%, and lowgrade proteinuria (<3.5 g/24 h) in 41.4%. Among adults, hypertension was present in 45.2%, mild renal insufficiency in 23% (sCr 111-200 mmol/l) and advanced renal insufficiency in 13.7% (sCr 201-400), while 11.5% of patients had sCr >400 mmol/l. The most frequent renal diseases were primary (59.8%) and secondary (25.4%) glomerulonephritis (GN). Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was observed in 4.4% and hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis in 3.4%. The samples were non-diagnostic in 4.6%. Among primary GNs, the most frequent diagnoses were: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 34.5%, minimal change disease (MCD) 12.4%, non-IgA mesangioproliferative GN (MesGN) 11.3%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 10.8% and membranous GN (MGN) 9.3%. Among secondary GNs, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represented 23.0%, necrotizing vasculitis (NV) 15.5%, Henoch-Scho¨nlein purpura 5.7%, thin basement membrane glomerulopathy (TBN) 19.3%, Alport syndrome 6.9%, renal amyloidosis 9.9% and myeloma kidney 2.9%. Among children, the most common were IgAN (19.2%), MCD (17.6%) and TBM glomerulopathy (12.3%), while among the elderly the most common were MGN (11.0%), NV (10.7%) and amyloidosis (9.6%). The most common in patients with nephrotic proteinuria were MCD (50.5%) among children, but IgAN (24.6%) in adults aged 16-60 years and MGN (16.8%) among the elderly. IgAN (21.3%) and FSGS (8.3%) were the most common diagnoses among patients with mild renal insufficiency, but TIN (11.6%) and NV (11.3%) were the most common in more advanced renal insufficiency. Since 1999, diabetic patients represented 12.2% of adults, with mean proteinuria 8.9 g/24 h; diabetic glomerulosclerosis was found in 42.4% (with microhaematuria present in 66%) and non-diabetic renal diseases in 47.5% (IgAN in 17.5%, MGN and NAS in 11.1% and NV in 9.5%). The mean annual incidence (per million population) was: primary GN 32.4, secondary GN 13.8, IgAN 11.2, MCD 4.0, MesGN 3.7, FSGS 3.5, SLE 3.2, MGN 3.0, TBM 2.7, TIN 2.4 and NV 2.1. Ultrasound needle guidance was used in 56%, preferably in children (79%). The frequency of serious complications (gross haematuria, symptomatic haematoma, blood transfusion) remained at 3%. Conclusion. The CRRB provides important data on the epidemiology of GN based on a whole country population.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13570467" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="632fbef811c68fe4c440abe3f7e0a8eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45203195,"asset_id":13570467,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45203195/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDA3OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32754047" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk">Ivan Rychlík</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32754047" type="text/json">{"id":32754047,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Rychlík","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"IvanRychlík","display_name":"Ivan Rychlík","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/IvanRychl%C3%ADk","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13570467">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13570467"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VladimirTesar">Vladimir Tesar</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13570467'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13570467').html(); 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Occurrence of renal diseases in the years 1994-2000","created_at":"2015-07-02T22:03:39.928-07:00","owner_id":32754047,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/13570467/The_Czech_registry_of_renal_biopsies_Occurrence_of_renal_diseases_in_the_years_1994_2000","slug":"The_Czech_registry_of_renal_biopsies_Occurrence_of_renal_diseases_in_the_years_1994_2000","dom_id":"work_13570467","summary":"Background. This report describes data collected by the Czech Registry of Renal Biopsies (CRRB). Methods. Twenty-eight centres provided data on all biopsies of native kidneys performed in the Czech Republic (population 10.3 million) over the period 1994-2000. Data on serum creatinine concentration (sCr), 24 h proteinuria, haematuria, serum albumin level, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, histological diagnosis and complications after renal biopsy were collected. Results. Altogether 4004 biopsies in 3874 patients were performed (males 57.9%, children 15 years 17.7%, elderly \u003e60 years 14.3%). Microhaematuria was present in 65.9%, macrohaematuria in 9.2%, nephrotic proteinuria (3.5 g/24 h) in 39.3%, and lowgrade proteinuria (\u003c3.5 g/24 h) in 41.4%. Among adults, hypertension was present in 45.2%, mild renal insufficiency in 23% (sCr 111-200 mmol/l) and advanced renal insufficiency in 13.7% (sCr 201-400), while 11.5% of patients had sCr \u003e400 mmol/l. The most frequent renal diseases were primary (59.8%) and secondary (25.4%) glomerulonephritis (GN). Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was observed in 4.4% and hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis in 3.4%. The samples were non-diagnostic in 4.6%. Among primary GNs, the most frequent diagnoses were: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 34.5%, minimal change disease (MCD) 12.4%, non-IgA mesangioproliferative GN (MesGN) 11.3%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 10.8% and membranous GN (MGN) 9.3%. Among secondary GNs, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represented 23.0%, necrotizing vasculitis (NV) 15.5%, Henoch-Scho¨nlein purpura 5.7%, thin basement membrane glomerulopathy (TBN) 19.3%, Alport syndrome 6.9%, renal amyloidosis 9.9% and myeloma kidney 2.9%. Among children, the most common were IgAN (19.2%), MCD (17.6%) and TBM glomerulopathy (12.3%), while among the elderly the most common were MGN (11.0%), NV (10.7%) and amyloidosis (9.6%). The most common in patients with nephrotic proteinuria were MCD (50.5%) among children, but IgAN (24.6%) in adults aged 16-60 years and MGN (16.8%) among the elderly. IgAN (21.3%) and FSGS (8.3%) were the most common diagnoses among patients with mild renal insufficiency, but TIN (11.6%) and NV (11.3%) were the most common in more advanced renal insufficiency. Since 1999, diabetic patients represented 12.2% of adults, with mean proteinuria 8.9 g/24 h; diabetic glomerulosclerosis was found in 42.4% (with microhaematuria present in 66%) and non-diabetic renal diseases in 47.5% (IgAN in 17.5%, MGN and NAS in 11.1% and NV in 9.5%). The mean annual incidence (per million population) was: primary GN 32.4, secondary GN 13.8, IgAN 11.2, MCD 4.0, MesGN 3.7, FSGS 3.5, SLE 3.2, MGN 3.0, TBM 2.7, TIN 2.4 and NV 2.1. Ultrasound needle guidance was used in 56%, preferably in children (79%). The frequency of serious complications (gross haematuria, symptomatic haematoma, blood transfusion) remained at 3%. Conclusion. The CRRB provides important data on the epidemiology of GN based on a whole country population.","publication":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation","publication_with_fallback":"Nephrology Dialysis 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