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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Triple_point_of_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gas–liquid–solid_triple_point" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas–liquid–solid_triple_point"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gas–liquid–solid triple point</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas–liquid–solid_triple_point-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-pressure_phases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-pressure_phases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>High-pressure phases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-pressure_phases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Triple-point_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Triple-point_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Triple-point cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Triple-point_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_of_triple_points" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_of_triple_points"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Table of triple points</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_of_triple_points-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Triple point</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drievoudpunt" title="Drievoudpunt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Drievoudpunt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نقطة ثلاثية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقطة ثلاثية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_triple" title="Punto triple – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Punto triple" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntu_triple" title="Puntu triple – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Puntu triple" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81" title="ত্রৈধ বিন্দু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ত্রৈধ বিন্দু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam-si%C3%B2ng-ti%C3%A1m" title="Sam-siòng-tiám – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sam-siòng-tiám" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Трайны пункт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трайны пункт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тройна точка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тройна точка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojna_ta%C4%8Dka" title="Trojna tačka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trojna tačka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poent_tric%27hement" title="Poent tric'hement – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poent tric'hement" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punt_triple" title="Punt triple – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Punt triple" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%C3%A7%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83" title="Виççĕлле пăнчă – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Виççĕлле пăнчă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojn%C3%BD_bod" title="Trojný bod – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trojný bod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripelpunkt" title="Tripelpunkt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tripelpunkt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripelpunkt" title="Tripelpunkt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tripelpunkt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmikpunkt" title="Kolmikpunkt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolmikpunkt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_triple" title="Punto triple – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Punto triple" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triobla_punkto" title="Triobla punkto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Triobla punkto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntu_hirukoitz" title="Puntu hirukoitz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Puntu hirukoitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="نقطه سه‌گانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقطه سه‌گانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_triple" title="Point triple – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Point triple" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_triplo" title="Punto triplo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Punto triplo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%BC%EC%A4%91%EC%A0%90" title="삼중점 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="삼중점" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Եռակի կետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եռակի կետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81" title="त्रिक बिन्दु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्रिक बिन्दु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Trojna točka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trojna točka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titik_tripel" title="Titik tripel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Titik tripel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncto_triple" title="Puncto triple – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Puncto triple" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%ADpunktur" title="Þrípunktur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þrípunktur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_triplo" title="Punto triplo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Punto triplo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%AA" title="נקודה משולשת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נקודה משולשת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Үштік нүкте – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үштік нүкте" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwango_utatu" title="Kiwango utatu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiwango utatu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctum_triplex" title="Punctum triplex – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Punctum triplex" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C4%ABsk%C4%81r%C5%A1ais_punkts" title="Trīskāršais punkts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trīskāršais punkts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1rmaspont" title="Hármaspont – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hármaspont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тројна точка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тројна точка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81" title="ത്രിക ബിന്ദു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ത്രിക ബിന്ദു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Гурван фазын цэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гурван фазын цэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripelpunt_(natuurkunde)" title="Tripelpunt (natuurkunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tripelpunt (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9" title="三重点 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="三重点" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trippelpunkt" title="Trippelpunkt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trippelpunkt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trippelpunkt" title="Trippelpunkt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trippelpunkt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponch_triple" title="Ponch triple – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ponch triple" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9" title="تگنا پوانٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تگنا پوانٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_tripl" title="Pont tripl – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pont tripl" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripelpunkt" title="Tripelpunkt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tripelpunkt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punkt_potr%C3%B3jny" title="Punkt potrójny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Punkt potrójny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto_triplo" title="Ponto triplo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ponto triplo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punct_triplu" title="Punct triplu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_point" title="Triple point – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Triple point" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojn%C3%BD_bod" title="Trojný bod – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Trojný bod" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Trojna točka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trojna točka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">Tripoint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripoint_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tripoint (disambiguation)">Tripoint (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phase-diag2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Phase-diag2.svg/350px-Phase-diag2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Phase-diag2.svg/525px-Phase-diag2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Phase-diag2.svg/700px-Phase-diag2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>A typical <a href="/wiki/Phase_diagram" title="Phase diagram">phase diagram</a>. The solid green line applies to most substances; the dashed green line gives the anomalous behavior of water</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, the <b>triple point</b> of a substance is the <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> at which the three <a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">phases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a>) of that substance coexist in <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium" title="Thermodynamic equilibrium">thermodynamic equilibrium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gold_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gold-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is that temperature and pressure at which the <a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)" title="Sublimation (phase transition)">sublimation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melting" title="Melting">fusion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vaporisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaporisation">vaporisation</a> curves meet. For example, the triple point of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> occurs at a temperature of −38.8 °C (−37.8 °F) and a pressure of 0.165 <a href="/wiki/Milli" class="mw-redirect" title="Milli">m</a><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">Pa</a>. </p><p>In addition to the triple point for solid, liquid, and gas phases, a triple point may involve more than one solid phase, for substances with multiple <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorphs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4">Helium-4</a> is unusual in that it has no sublimation/deposition curve and therefore no triple points where its solid phase meets its gas phase. Instead, it has a vapor-liquid-<a href="/wiki/Superfluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluid">superfluid</a> point, a solid-liquid-superfluid point, a solid-solid-liquid point, and a solid-solid-superfluid point. None of these should be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Lambda_point" title="Lambda point">lambda point</a>, which is not any kind of triple point. </p><p>The term "triple point" was coined in 1873 by <a href="/wiki/James_Thomson_(engineer)" title="James Thomson (engineer)">James Thomson</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin" title="Lord Kelvin">Lord Kelvin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The triple points of several substances are used to define points in the <a href="/wiki/ITS-90" class="mw-redirect" title="ITS-90">ITS-90</a> international temperature scale, ranging from the triple point of hydrogen (13.8033 K) to the triple point of water (273.16 K, 0.01 °C, or 32.018 °F). </p><p>Before 2019, the triple point of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> was used to define the <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">base unit</a> of thermodynamic temperature in the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kelvin was defined so that the triple point of water is exactly 273.16 K, but that changed with the <a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">2019 revision of the SI</a>, where the kelvin was redefined so that the <a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_constant" title="Boltzmann constant">Boltzmann constant</a> is exactly <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6977138064900000000♠"></span>1.380<span style="margin-left:.25em;">649</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−23</sup> J⋅K<sup>−1</sup></span>, and the triple point of water became an experimentally measured constant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Triple_point_of_water">Triple point of water</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Triple point of water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas–liquid–solid_triple_point"><span id="Gas.E2.80.93liquid.E2.80.93solid_triple_point"></span>Gas–liquid–solid triple point</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gas–liquid–solid triple point"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water#Triple_point" title="Properties of water">Properties of water § Triple point</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water-triple-point-20210210.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Water-triple-point-20210210.gif/220px-Water-triple-point-20210210.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Water-triple-point-20210210.gif/330px-Water-triple-point-20210210.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Water-triple-point-20210210.gif/440px-Water-triple-point-20210210.gif 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Water boiling at 0°C using a vacuum pump.</figcaption></figure><p>Following the 2019 revision of the SI, the value of the triple point of water is no longer used as a defining point. However, its empirical value remains important: the unique combination of pressure and temperature at which liquid <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, solid <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Water_vapour" class="mw-redirect" title="Water vapour">water vapour</a> coexist in a stable equilibrium is approximately <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002273160000000000♠"></span>273.16<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0001 K</span><sup id="cite_ref-SI_Brochure_9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI_Brochure_9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a vapour pressure of 611.657 pascals (6.11657 mbar; 0.00603659 atm).<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Murphy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liquid water can only exist at pressures equal to or greater than the triple point. Below this, in the vacuum of <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a>, solid ice <a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)" title="Sublimation (phase transition)">sublimates</a>, transitioning directly into water vapor when heated at a constant pressure. Conversely, above the triple point, solid ice first melts into liquid water upon heating at a constant pressure, then evaporates or boils to form vapor at a higher temperature. </p><p>For most substances, the gas–liquid–solid triple point is the minimum temperature where the liquid can exist. For water, this is not the case. The melting point of ordinary ice decreases with pressure, as shown by the <a href="/wiki/Phase_diagram" title="Phase diagram">phase diagram</a>'s dashed green line. Just below the triple point, compression at a constant temperature transforms water vapor first to solid and then to liquid. </p><p>Historically, during the <a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a> mission to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, the triple point pressure of water was used to define "sea level". Now, <a href="/wiki/Laser_altimetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser altimetry">laser altimetry</a> and gravitational measurements are preferred to define Martian elevation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-pressure_phases">High-pressure phases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: High-pressure phases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At high pressures, water has a complex <a href="/wiki/Phase_diagram" title="Phase diagram">phase diagram</a> with 15 known <a href="/wiki/Ice#Phases" title="Ice">phases of ice</a> and several triple points, including 10 whose coordinates are shown in the diagram. For example, the triple point at 251 K (−22 °C) and 210 MPa (2070 atm) corresponds to the conditions for the coexistence of <a href="/wiki/Ice_Ih" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Ih">ice Ih</a> (ordinary ice), <a href="/wiki/Ice_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice III">ice III</a> and liquid water, all at equilibrium. There are also triple points for the coexistence of three solid phases, for example <a href="/wiki/Ice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice II">ice II</a>, ice V and ice VI at 218 K (−55 °C) and 620 MPa (6120 atm). </p><p>For those high-pressure forms of ice which can exist in equilibrium with liquid, the diagram shows that melting points increase with pressure. At temperatures above 273 K (0 °C), increasing the pressure on water vapor results first in liquid water and then a high-pressure form of ice. In the range <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002251000000000000♠"></span>251–273 K</span>, ice I is formed first, followed by liquid water and then ice III or ice V, followed by other still denser high-pressure forms. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phase_diagram_of_water.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Phase_diagram_of_water.svg/730px-Phase_diagram_of_water.svg.png" decoding="async" width="730" height="609" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Phase_diagram_of_water.svg/1095px-Phase_diagram_of_water.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Phase_diagram_of_water.svg/1460px-Phase_diagram_of_water.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Phase diagram of water including high-pressure forms ice II, ice III, etc. The pressure axis is logarithmic. For detailed descriptions of these phases, see <a href="/wiki/Ice#Phases" title="Ice">Ice</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>The various triple points of water </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Phases in stable equilibrium </th> <th>Pressure </th> <th>Temperature </th></tr> <tr> <td>liquid water, <a href="/wiki/Ice_Ih" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Ih">ice I<sub>h</sub></a>, and water vapor </td> <td>611.657 Pa<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>273.16 K (0.01 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td>liquid water, ice I<sub>h</sub>, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice III">ice III</a> </td> <td>209.9 MPa </td> <td>251 K (−22 °C) </td></tr> <tr> <td>liquid water, ice III, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice V">ice V</a> </td> <td>350.1 MPa </td> <td>−17.0 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td>liquid water, ice V, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice VI">ice VI</a> </td> <td>632.4 MPa </td> <td>0.16 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td>ice I<sub>h</sub>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice II">Ice II</a>, and ice III </td> <td>213 MPa </td> <td>−35 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td>ice II, ice III, and ice V </td> <td>344 MPa </td> <td>−24 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td>ice II, ice V, and ice VI </td> <td>626 MPa </td> <td>−70 °C </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Triple-point_cells">Triple-point cells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Triple-point cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Triple-point cells are used in the <a href="/wiki/Calibration" title="Calibration">calibration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometers</a>. For exacting work, triple-point cells are typically filled with a highly pure chemical substance such as hydrogen, argon, mercury, or water (depending on the desired temperature). The purity of these substances can be such that only one part in a million is a contaminant, called "six nines" because it is 99.9999% pure. A specific <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopic</a> composition (for water, <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Standard_Mean_Ocean_Water" title="Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water">VSMOW</a>) is used because variations in isotopic composition cause small changes in the triple point. Triple-point cells are so effective at achieving highly precise, reproducible temperatures, that an international calibration standard for thermometers called <a href="/wiki/International_Temperature_Scale_of_1990" title="International Temperature Scale of 1990">ITS–90</a> relies upon triple-point cells of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Water_(molecule)" class="mw-redirect" title="Water (molecule)">water</a> for delineating six of its defined temperature points. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_of_triple_points">Table of triple points</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Table of triple points"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This table lists the gas–liquid–solid triple points of several substances. Unless otherwise noted, the data come from the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Standards">National Bureau of Standards</a> (now <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>, National Institute of Standards and Technology).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="170">Substance</th> <th width="160" data-sort-type="number"><i>T</i> [<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>)</th> <th width="230" data-sort-type="number"><i>p</i> [<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a>]* (<a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Acetylene" title="Acetylene">Acetylene</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002192400000000000♠"></span>192.4 K (−80.7 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005120000000000000♠"></span>120 kPa (1.2 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002195400000000000♠"></span>195.40 K (−77.75 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003606000000000000♠"></span>6.060 kPa (0.05981 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001838058000000000♠"></span>83.8058 K (−189.3442 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004689000000000000♠"></span>68.9 kPa (0.680 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003109000000000000♠"></span>1,090 K (820 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7006362800000000000♠"></span>3,628 kPa (35.81 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Butane" title="Butane">Butane</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002134600000000000♠"></span>134.6 K (−138.6 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999700000000000000♠"></span>7<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−4</sup> kPa (6.9<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Carbon (<a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003476500000000000♠"></span>4,765 K (4,492 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7007101320000000000♠"></span>10,132 kPa (100.00 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">Carbon dioxide</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002216550000000000♠"></span>216.55 K (−56.60 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005517000000000000♠"></span>517 kPa (5.10 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001681000000000000♠"></span>68.10 K (−205.05 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004153700000000000♠"></span>15.37 kPa (0.1517 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">Chloroform</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002209610000000000♠"></span>209.61 K (−63.54 °C)</td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterium</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001186300000000000♠"></span>18.63 K (−254.52 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004171000000000000♠"></span>17.1 kPa (0.169 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">Ethane</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001898900000000000♠"></span>89.89 K (−183.26 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000110000000000000♠"></span>1.1<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> kPa (1.1<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−5</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002150000000000000♠"></span>150 K (−123 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996430000000000000♠"></span>4.3<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−7</sup> kPa (4.2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−9</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">Ethylene</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002104000000000000♠"></span>104.0 K (−169.2 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002120000000000000♠"></span>0.12 kPa (0.0012 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">Formic acid</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002281399999999999♠"></span>281.40 K (8.25 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003220000000000000♠"></span>2.2 kPa (0.022 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4">Helium-4</a> (vapor−He-I−He-II)<sup id="cite_ref-Donnelly_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donnelly-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000217680000000000♠"></span>2.1768 K (−270.9732 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003504800000000000♠"></span>5.048 kPa (0.04982 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4">Helium-4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_close-packed" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonal close-packed">hcp</a>−<a href="/wiki/Body-centered_cubic" class="mw-redirect" title="Body-centered cubic">bcc</a>−He-II)<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000146300000000000♠"></span>1.463 K (−271.687 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004260360000000000♠"></span>26.036 kPa (0.25696 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4">Helium-4</a> (bcc−He-I−He-II)<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffer_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000176200000000000♠"></span>1.762 K (−271.388 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004297250000000000♠"></span>29.725 kPa (0.29336 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Helium-4" title="Helium-4">Helium-4</a> (hcp−bcc−He-I)<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffer_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000177200000000000♠"></span>1.772 K (−271.378 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004300160000000000♠"></span>30.016 kPa (0.29623 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hexafluoroethane" title="Hexafluoroethane">Hexafluoroethane</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002173080000000000♠"></span>173.08 K (−100.07 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004266000000000000♠"></span>26.60 kPa (0.2625 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001138033000000000♠"></span>13.8033 K (−259.3467 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003704000000000000♠"></span>7.04 kPa (0.0695 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen-1">Hydrogen-1</a> (Protium)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001139600000000000♠"></span>13.96 K (−259.19 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003718000000000000♠"></span>7.18 kPa (0.0709 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">Hydrogen chloride</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002158960000000000♠"></span>158.96 K (−114.19 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004139000000000000♠"></span>13.9 kPa (0.137 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002386650000000000♠"></span>386.65 K (113.50 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004120700000000000♠"></span>12.07 kPa (0.1191 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Isobutane" title="Isobutane">Isobutane</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002113550000000000♠"></span>113.55 K (−159.60 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998194809999999999♠"></span>1.9481<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−5</sup> kPa (1.9226<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−7</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002115760000000000♠"></span>115.76 K (−157.39 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004741200000000000♠"></span>74.12 kPa (0.7315 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002234315600000000♠"></span>234.3156 K (−38.8344 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996165000000000000♠"></span>1.65<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−7</sup> kPa (1.63<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−9</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">Methane</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001906800000000000♠"></span>90.68 K (−182.47 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004117000000000000♠"></span>11.7 kPa (0.115 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001245561000000000♠"></span>24.5561 K (−248.5939 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004433320000000000♠"></span>43.332 kPa (0.42765 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002109500000000000♠"></span>109.50 K (−163.65 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004219200000000000♠"></span>21.92 kPa (0.2163 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001631800000000000♠"></span>63.18 K (−209.97 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004126000000000000♠"></span>12.6 kPa (0.124 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002182340000000000♠"></span>182.34 K (−90.81 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004878500000000000♠"></span>87.85 kPa (0.8670 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001543584000000000♠"></span>54.3584 K (−218.7916 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002146250000000000♠"></span>0.14625 kPa (0.0014434 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003182500000000000♠"></span>1,825 K (1,552 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000350000000000000♠"></span>3.5<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> kPa (3.5<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−5</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003204500000000000♠"></span>2,045 K (1,772 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999200000000000000♠"></span>2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−4</sup> kPa (2.0<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002202000000000000♠"></span>202 K (−71 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004700000000000000♠"></span>70 kPa (0.69 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">(mono)Silane</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001884800000000000♠"></span>88.48 K (−184.67 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001196439999999999♠"></span>0.019644 kPa (0.00019387 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">Sulfur dioxide</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002197690000000000♠"></span>197.69 K (−75.46 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003167000000000000♠"></span>1.67 kPa (0.0165 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003194100000000000♠"></span>1,941 K (1,668 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000530000000000000♠"></span>5.3<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> kPa (5.2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>−5</sup> atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Uranium_hexafluoride" title="Uranium hexafluoride">Uranium hexafluoride</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002337170000000000♠"></span>337.17 K (64.02 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7005151700000000000♠"></span>151.7 kPa (1.497 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Murphy_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002273160000000000♠"></span>273.16 K (0.01 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002611657000000000♠"></span>0.611657 kPa (0.00603659 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002161300000000000♠"></span>161.3 K (−111.8 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004815000000000000♠"></span>81.5 kPa (0.804 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7002692650000000000♠"></span>692.65 K (419.50 °C)</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001650000000000000♠"></span>0.065 kPa (0.00064 atm) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notes: </p> <ul><li>For comparison, typical atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa (1 atm).</li> <li>Before the new definition of SI units, water's triple point, 273.16 K, was an exact number.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)" title="Critical point (thermodynamics)">Critical point (thermodynamics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbs%27_phase_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbs' phase rule">Gibbs' phase rule</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gold-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gold_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_books#Gold_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC books">Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a></i>, 2nd ed. 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From a footnote on page 28: "... the three curves would meet or cross each other in one point, which I have called the <i>triple point</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.bipm.org/en/si/base_units/">Definition of the kelvin</a> at BIPM.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI_Brochure_9-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SI_Brochure_9_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf/2d2b50bf-f2b4-9661-f402-5f9d66e4b507">"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) – 9th edition"</a>. BIPM<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surfacemars00carr/page/n19">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87201-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87201-0"><bdi>978-0-521-87201-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Surface+of+Mars&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87201-0&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurfacemars00carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2005" class="citation journal cs1">Murphy, D. M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1236243">"Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications"</a>. <i>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</i>. <b>131</b> (608): <span class="nowrap">1539–</span>1565. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005QJRMS.131.1539M">2005QJRMS.131.1539M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1256%2Fqj.04.94">10.1256/qj.04.94</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122365938">122365938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+the+Royal+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+vapour+pressures+of+ice+and+supercooled+water+for+atmospheric+applications&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=608&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1539-%3C%2Fspan%3E1565&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A122365938%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1256%2Fqj.04.94&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005QJRMS.131.1539M&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1236243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCengelTurner2004" class="citation book cs1">Cengel, Yunus A.; Turner, Robert H. (2004). <i>Fundamentals of thermal-fluid sciences</i>. Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-297675-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-297675-6"><bdi>0-07-297675-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+thermal-fluid+sciences&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-07-297675-6&rft.aulast=Cengel&rft.aufirst=Yunus+A.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Robert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Butane_(data_page)" title="Butane (data page)">Butane (data page)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Chloroform_(data_page)" title="Chloroform (data page)">Chloroform (data page)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C67663&Mask=4#Thermo-Phase">"Trichloromethane"</a>. <i>NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69</i>. NIST (National Institute of Science and Technology)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NIST+Chemistry+WebBook%2C+SRD+69&rft.atitle=Trichloromethane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebbook.nist.gov%2Fcgi%2Fcbook.cgi%3FID%3DC67663%26Mask%3D4%23Thermo-Phase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Ethanol_(data_page)" title="Ethanol (data page)">Ethanol (data page)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Formic_acid_(data_page)" title="Formic acid (data page)">Formic acid (data page)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donnelly-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Donnelly_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonnellyBarenghi1998" class="citation journal cs1">Donnelly, Russell J.; Barenghi, Carlo F. (1998). "The Observed Properties of Liquid Helium at the Saturated Vapor Pressure". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Physical_and_Chemical_Reference_Data" title="Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data">Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data</a></i>. <b>27</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1217–</span>1274. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998JPCRD..27.1217D">1998JPCRD..27.1217D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.556028">10.1063/1.556028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physical+and+Chemical+Reference+Data&rft.atitle=The+Observed+Properties+of+Liquid+Helium+at+the+Saturated+Vapor+Pressure&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1217-%3C%2Fspan%3E1274&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.556028&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998JPCRD..27.1217D&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=Russell+J.&rft.au=Barenghi%2C+Carlo+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffer_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffer_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffer_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHofferGardnerWaterfieldPhillips1976" class="citation journal cs1">Hoffer, J. K.; Gardner, W. R.; Waterfield, C. G.; Phillips, N. E. (April 1976). "Thermodynamic properties of <sup>4</sup>He. II. The bcc phase and the P-T and VT phase diagrams below 2 K". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Low_Temperature_Physics" title="Journal of Low Temperature Physics">Journal of Low Temperature Physics</a></i>. <b>23</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">63–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976JLTP...23...63H">1976JLTP...23...63H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00117245">10.1007/BF00117245</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120473493">120473493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Low+Temperature+Physics&rft.atitle=Thermodynamic+properties+of+%3Csup%3E4%3C%2Fsup%3EHe.+II.+The+bcc+phase+and+the+P-T+and+VT+phase+diagrams+below+2+K&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.date=1976-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A120473493%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00117245&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1976JLTP...23...63H&rft.aulast=Hoffer&rft.aufirst=J.+K.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+W.+R.&rft.au=Waterfield%2C+C.+G.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+N.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Hexafluoroethane_(data_page)" title="Hexafluoroethane (data page)">Hexafluoroethane (data page)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/protium-isotope">"Protium | isotope | Britannica"</a>. 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protium+%26%23124%3B+isotope+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fprotium-isotope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalas1990" class="citation book cs1">Walas, S. M. (1990). <i>Chemical Process Equipment – Selection and Design</i>. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 639. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-7510-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-7510-1"><bdi>0-7506-7510-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemical+Process+Equipment+%E2%80%93+Selection+and+Design&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=639&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-7506-7510-1&rft.aulast=Walas&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Isobutane_(data_page)" title="Isobutane (data page)">Isobutane (data page)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/silane">"Silane-Gas Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>Gas Encyclopedia</i>. Air Liquide.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gas+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Silane-Gas+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.airliquide.com%2Fsilane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATriple+point" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phase_change_-_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Phase_change_-_en.svg/150px-Phase_change_-_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Phase_change_-_en.svg/225px-Phase_change_-_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Phase_change_-_en.svg/300px-Phase_change_-_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="524" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Low energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate" title="Bose–Einstein condensate">Bose–Einstein condensate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermionic_condensate" title="Fermionic condensate">Fermionic condensate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_matter" title="Degenerate matter">Degenerate matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Hall_effect" title="Quantum Hall effect">Quantum Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rydberg_matter" title="Rydberg matter">Rydberg matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_matter" title="Strange matter">Strange matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfluidity" title="Superfluidity">Superfluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supersolid" title="Supersolid">Supersolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photonic_molecule" title="Photonic molecule">Photonic molecule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QCD_matter" title="QCD matter">QCD matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark%E2%80%93gluon_plasma" title="Quark–gluon plasma">Quark–gluon plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color-glass_condensate" title="Color-glass condensate">Color-glass condensate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colloid" title="Colloid">Colloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal" title="Liquid crystal">Liquid crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_crystal" title="Time crystal">Time crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_spin_liquid" title="Quantum spin liquid">Quantum spin liquid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_matter" title="Exotic matter">Exotic matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_matter" title="Programmable matter">Programmable matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">Dark matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter">Antimatter</a></li> <li>Magnetically ordered <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiferromagnetism" title="Antiferromagnetism">Antiferromagnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrimagnetism" title="Ferrimagnetism">Ferrimagnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetism" title="Ferromagnetism">Ferromagnet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String-net_liquid" title="String-net liquid">String-net liquid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superglass" title="Superglass">Superglass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phase_transitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase transitions">Phase transitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boiling" title="Boiling">Boiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensation" title="Condensation">Condensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_line_(thermodynamics)" title="Critical line (thermodynamics)">Critical line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)" title="Critical point (thermodynamics)">Critical point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystallization" title="Crystallization">Crystallization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition)" title="Deposition (phase transition)">Deposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">Evaporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_evaporation" title="Flash evaporation">Flash evaporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freezing" title="Freezing">Freezing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_ionization" title="Chemical ionization">Chemical ionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization">Ionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_point" title="Lambda point">Lambda point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting" title="Melting">Melting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_recombination" title="Plasma recombination">Recombination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regelation" title="Regelation">Regelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor%E2%80%93liquid_equilibrium" title="Vapor–liquid equilibrium">Saturated fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)" title="Sublimation (phase transition)">Sublimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercooling" title="Supercooling">Supercooling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Triple point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporization" title="Vaporization">Vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitrification" title="Vitrification">Vitrification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quantities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion" title="Enthalpy of fusion">Enthalpy of fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_sublimation" title="Enthalpy of sublimation">Enthalpy of sublimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Enthalpy of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_heat" title="Latent heat">Latent heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_internal_energy" title="Latent internal energy">Latent internal energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouton%27s_rule" title="Trouton's rule">Trouton's rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">Volatility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baryonic_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Baryonic matter">Baryonic matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binodal" title="Binodal">Binodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_fluid" title="Compressed fluid">Compressed fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_curve" title="Cooling curve">Cooling curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_of_state" title="Equation of state">Equation of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leidenfrost_effect" title="Leidenfrost effect">Leidenfrost effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroscopic_quantum_phenomena" title="Macroscopic quantum phenomena">Macroscopic quantum phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpemba_effect" title="Mpemba effect">Mpemba effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_and_disorder_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order and disorder (physics)">Order and disorder (physics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinodal" title="Spinodal">Spinodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity">Superconductivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheated_water" title="Superheated water">Superheated vapor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheating" title="Superheating">Superheating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermo-dielectric_effect" title="Thermo-dielectric effect">Thermo-dielectric effect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&oldid=1281748504">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_point&oldid=1281748504</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_properties" title="Category:Chemical properties">Chemical 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