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Vostok (nosná raketa) – Wikipédia

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Je dostupný v 25 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Восток (ракета) – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Восток (ракета)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(coet)" title="Vostok (coet) – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vostok (coet)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(nosn%C3%A1_raketa)" title="Vostok (nosná raketa) – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vostok (nosná raketa)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wostok_(Rakete)" title="Wostok (Rakete) – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wostok (Rakete)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family) – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vostok (rocket family)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(cohete)" title="Vostok (cohete) – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vostok (cohete)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok-rakettiperhe" title="Vostok-rakettiperhe – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vostok-rakettiperhe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Vostok (fusée) – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vostok (fusée)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7_(%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%A8)" title="ווסטוק (משגר) – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ווסטוק (משגר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0)" title="वोस्तोक (रॉकेट परिवार) – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वोस्तोक (रॉकेट परिवार)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok" title="Vostok – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vostok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosztok_(hordoz%C3%B3rak%C3%A9ta)" title="Vosztok (hordozórakéta) – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vosztok (hordozórakéta)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(keluarga_roket)" title="Vostok (keluarga roket) – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vostok (keluarga roket)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(lanciatore)" title="Vostok (lanciatore) – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vostok (lanciatore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF_(%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88)" title="ボストーク (ロケット) – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボストーク (ロケット)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC_%EB%A1%9C%EC%BC%93" title="보스토크 로켓 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보스토크 로켓" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wostok_(Rak%C3%A9it)" title="Wostok (Rakéit) – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wostok (Rakéit)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wostok_(rakieta)" title="Wostok (rakieta) – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wostok (rakieta)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(fam%C3%ADlia_de_foguetes)" title="Vostok (família de foguetes) – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vostok (família de foguetes)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Восток (ракета-носитель) – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восток (ракета-носитель)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vostok (rocket family)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Восток – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Восток" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_roketi" title="Vostok roketi – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vostok roketi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9)" title="Восток (ракета-носій) – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Восток (ракета-носій)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%99%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="東方號運載火箭 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="東方號運載火箭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q841262#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Semyorka_Rocket_R7_by_Sergei_Korolyov_in_VDNH_Ostankino_RAF0540.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Semyorka_Rocket_R7_by_Sergei_Korolyov_in_VDNH_Ostankino_RAF0540.jpg/220px-Semyorka_Rocket_R7_by_Sergei_Korolyov_in_VDNH_Ostankino_RAF0540.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Semyorka_Rocket_R7_by_Sergei_Korolyov_in_VDNH_Ostankino_RAF0540.jpg/330px-Semyorka_Rocket_R7_by_Sergei_Korolyov_in_VDNH_Ostankino_RAF0540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Semyorka_Rocket_R7_by_Sergei_Korolyov_in_VDNH_Ostankino_RAF0540.jpg/440px-Semyorka_Rocket_R7_by_Sergei_Korolyov_in_VDNH_Ostankino_RAF0540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption>Vostok 8K72K</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vostok</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ru%C5%A1tina" title="Ruština">rus.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="ru" dir="ltr" title="rusky">Восток</span>, po slovensky <i>"Východ"</i>) bola nosná raketa odvodená zo <a href="/wiki/Sovietsky_zv%C3%A4z" title="Sovietsky zväz">sovietskej</a> balistickej rakety <a href="/wiki/R-7_(balistick%C3%A1_raketa)" title="R-7 (balistická raketa)">R-7</a> a navrhnutá pre pilotované lety programu <a href="/wiki/Program_Vostok" title="Program Vostok">Vostok</a>, ale neskôr používaná aj na vynesenie umelých družíc. </p><p>Pri prvých troch letoch družíc <a href="/wiki/Program_Sputnik" title="Program Sputnik">Sputnik 1-3</a> bol použitý variant dvojstupňovej rakety Vostok označený ako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_(nosn%C3%A1_raketa)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sputnik (nosná raketa) (stránka neexistuje)">Sputnik</a>. Prvý stupeň tvorili štyri jednotky s výškou 19 m a prierezom 3 m, rozložené symetricky okolo nádrže 2. stupňa, ktorá mala výšku 28&#160;m a priemer 2,95&#160;m. Hmotnosť tohto variantu pri štarte je 310 000 kg, celková výška 30 m, max. rozpätie 10,3 m a max. užitočné zaťaženie 1&#160;500 kg. Neskôr sa pridal 3. stupeň pri letoch programu Vostok a pri testovacích letoch kabín určených pre kozmonautov. Odvtedy sa táto nosná raketa označuje ako Vostok s hmotnosťou pri štarte 325&#160;000 kg, výškou 38&#160;m, maximálnym rozpätím 10,3&#160;m. Postupne sa Vostok zdokonaľoval a jeho modifikácie mali obyčajne názov programu, pri ktorom sa použili (Voschod, Sojuz, Luna). Najdôležitejšie boli štvorstupňové modifikácie pri letoch kozmických sond Luna, Mars a Venera. </p><p>Hlavné verzie rakety boli: </p> <ul><li>8K72 - použitá pre prvé lety programu <a href="/wiki/Program_Luna" title="Program Luna">Luna</a> a na vynesenie prototypu kozmickej lode <a href="/wiki/Vostok_(kozmick%C3%A1_lo%C4%8F)" title="Vostok (kozmická loď)">Vostok</a>.</li> <li>8K72K - vylepšená predchádzajúca verzia použitá pre pilotované lety.</li> <li>8A92 - použitá na vynesenie špionážnych družíc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenit_(dru%C5%BEica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenit (družica) (stránka neexistuje)">Zenit</a> v šesťdesiatych rokoch 20. storočia.</li> <li>8A92M - modifikovaná verzia na vynesenie meteorologických družíc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor_(dru%C5%BEica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor (družica) (stránka neexistuje)">Meteor</a> na vysokú orbitu.</li></ul> <div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; font-size: 90%;" class="tright" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/36px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/54px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/72px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Kozmonautika" title="Portál:Kozmonautika">Kozmonautický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div id="Vorlage_BK" class="toccolours" style="border-width:1px 0 0 0;margin-top:0.5rem"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Encyklopédia astronómie"><img alt="Encyklopédia astronómie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/15px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/23px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Crystal_Project_konquest.png/30px-Crystal_Project_konquest.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> <small><i>Tento článok alebo jeho časť obsahuje heslo z <a href="/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A9dia_astron%C3%B3mie" title="Encyklopédia astronómie">Encyklopédie astronómie</a> s láskavým dovolením autorov a podporou <a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_zv%C3%A4z_astron%C3%B3mov" title="Slovenský zväz astronómov">SZA</a>.</i></small> </p> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐q5cj8 Cached time: 20241124215703 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.039 seconds Real time usage: 0.308 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 888/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1880/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 149/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 31.639 1 -total 70.18% 22.205 1 Šablóna:V_jazyku 49.78% 15.750 1 Šablóna:Cudzojazyčne 23.21% 7.343 1 Šablóna:Cudzojazyčne/iso12názov 20.86% 6.601 1 Šablóna:Portál 13.68% 4.328 1 Šablóna:V_jazyku/iso3na12 11.47% 3.629 1 Šablóna:V_jazyku/iso3odkaz 8.82% 2.789 1 Šablóna:Portál/Riadok 8.49% 2.685 1 Šablóna:Encyklopédia_astronómie --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key skwiki:pcache:idhash:188520-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124215703 and revision id 7281567. 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