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class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Lachoudisch##" title="Talk:Lachoudisch">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lachoudisch%22">"Lachoudisch"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lachoudisch%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lachoudisch%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lachoudisch%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lachoudisch%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lachoudisch%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9" class="extiw" title="he:לכודיש">the corresponding article</a> in Hebrew</b>.  <i><small>(July 2020)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Hebrew Wikipedia article at [[:he:לכודיש]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|he|לכודיש}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Lachoudisch" title="Talk:Lachoudisch">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Lachoudisch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><i>Lachoudisch</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Schopfloch,_Bavaria" title="Schopfloch, Bavaria">Schopfloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">20th-21st century<sup id="cite_ref-Times_of_Israel_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_Israel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/High_German" class="mw-redirect" title="High German">High German</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Lachoudisch</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Lachoudisch</b> was a dialect of <a href="/wiki/German_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="German Language">German</a>, containing many <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a> words, native to the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Schopfloch,_Bavaria" title="Schopfloch, Bavaria">Schopfloch</a>. It was created in the sixteenth century. Few speakers remained after the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lachoudisch formed in the 16th century as Jewish citizens found it convenient to trade secrets in a language non Jews couldn't understand. The language spread within the community and eventually some non Jews knew it too. As the Jewish community of Schopfloch mostly emigrated abroad and the remained was eradicated by 1939 the language entered serious decline, and eventually went extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lachoudisch contained several <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> many of which reflected the jewish communities hostility to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and government authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_Text">Sample Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sample Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Lachoudisch<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>English<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Der Schoufett hockt im Juschbess und kippt sein Ranze voll </td> <td>The Mayor is sitting in the bar filling his belly with booze </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotegorisch" title="Lotegorisch">Lotegorisch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Times_of_Israel-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Times_of_Israel_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEylon2022" class="citation news cs1">Eylon, Lili (25 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/the-judenrein-town-that-spoke-hebrew">"The Judenrein town that spoke Hebrew"</a>. <i>Times Of Israel</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Of+Israel&rft.atitle=The+Judenrein+town+that+spoke+Hebrew&rft.date=2022-06-25&rft.aulast=Eylon&rft.aufirst=Lili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.timesofisrael.com%2Fthe-judenrein-town-that-spoke-hebrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALachoudisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkham" class="citation web cs1">Markham, James M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/10/world/dialect-of-lost-jews-lingers-in-a-bavarian-town.html">"DIALECT OF LOST JEWS LINGERS IN A BAVARIAN TOWN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=DIALECT+OF+LOST+JEWS+LINGERS+IN+A+BAVARIAN+TOWN&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F02%2F10%2Fworld%2Fdialect-of-lost-jews-lingers-in-a-bavarian-town.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALachoudisch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkham1984" class="citation news cs1">Markham, James (10 February 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/10/world/dialect-of-lost-jews-lingers-in-a-bavarian-town.html">"Dialect of lost Jews lingers in a Bavarian town"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dialect+of+lost+Jews+lingers+in+a+Bavarian+town&rft.date=1984-02-10&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F02%2F10%2Fworld%2Fdialect-of-lost-jews-lingers-in-a-bavarian-town.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALachoudisch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewish_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Jewish languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reading traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Hebrew" title="Mizrahi Hebrew">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Hebrew" title="Italian Hebrew">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Hebrew" title="Yemenite Hebrew">Yemenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Tiberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judaeo-Aramaic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Targum_(Aramaic_dialects)" title="Targum (Aramaic dialects)">Targum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic">Babylonian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Jewish Palestinian Aramaic</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galilean_dialect" title="Galilean dialect">Galilean</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Barzani" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani">Barzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Hulaulá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Zakho" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho">Lishana Deni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Urmia" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia">Lishán Didán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Lishanid Noshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Betanure" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure">Betanure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic" title="Judeo-Arabic">Judaeo-Arabic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Algerian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Algerian Arabic">Judaeo-Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Egyptian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Egyptian Arabic">Judaeo-Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fessi_dialect#Jewish_Fessi_dialect" title="Fessi dialect">Judaeo-Fessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Judaeo-Iraqi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Judaeo-Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judaeo-Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Palestinian_Judeo-Arabic" title="Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic">Judaeo-Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judaeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Syrian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Syrian Arabic">Judaeo-Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judaeo-Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judaeo-Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Geʽez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Semitic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Semitic languages">Ethiosemitic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayla_dialect" title="Kayla dialect">Kayla</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Qwara_dialect" title="Qwara dialect">Qwara</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judaeo-Berber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">dialects</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Argot" class="mw-redirect" title="Argot">argots</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Yiddish">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galitzish" class="mw-redirect" title="Galitzish">Galitzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Yiddish">Litvish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poylish" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylish">Poylish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">Ukrainish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurtish" class="mw-redirect" title="Udmurtish">Udmurtish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Klezmer-loshn" title="Klezmer-loshn">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Yiddish">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Alsatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Alsatian">Judaeo-Alsatian</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lachoudisch</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Yiddish">Scots-Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_varieties" title="Jewish English varieties">Jewish English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Romance_languages" title="Judaeo-Romance languages">Judaeo-Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Judaeo-Catalan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judaeo-Italian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Livornese" title="Judeo-Livornese">Judaeo-Livornese</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Mantuan" title="Judeo-Mantuan">Judaeo-Mantuan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" title="Judaeo-Piedmontese">Judaeo-Piedmontese</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Roman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Roman language">Judaeo-Roman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Latin" title="Judeo-Latin">Judaeo-Latin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Judaeo-Provençal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judaeo-Gascon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judaeo-Aragonese</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iranian_languages" title="Judeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judaeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Persian" title="Judeo-Persian">Judaeo-Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Hamedani%E2%80%93Borujerdi" title="Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi">Judaeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Shirazi" title="Judeo-Shirazi">Judaeo-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_Dari" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian Dari">Judaeo-Yazdi–Kermani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Kashani" title="Judeo-Kashani">Judaeo-Kashani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Golpaygani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Golpaygani">Judaeo-Golpaygani</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></i>, Pre-1970s <a href="/wiki/Odesan_Russian" title="Odesan Russian">Odesan Russian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judaeo-Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judaeo-Marathi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judaeo-Malayalam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kartvelian_languages" title="Kartvelian languages">Kartvelian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Papiamento" title="Judaeo-Papiamento">Judaeo-Papiamento</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese-based Creole</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malay" title="Judeo-Malay">Judaeo-Malay</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Israeli Sign Language</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language_family" title="German Sign Language family">German Sign</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Algerian Jewish Sign Language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Village_sign_language" title="Village sign language">village sign language</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interlanguages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interlanguage_varieties" title="Template:Interlanguage varieties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interlanguage_varieties" title="Template talk:Interlanguage varieties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interlanguage_varieties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interlanguage varieties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interlanguages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Interlanguage" title="Interlanguage">Interlanguages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple <br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cameroon Pidgin+French+English <a href="/wiki/Camfranglais" title="Camfranglais">Camfranglais</a></li> <li>Bengali+Persian+Arabic <a href="/wiki/Dobhashi" title="Dobhashi">Dobhashi</a></li> <li>Italian+Spanish+French+Arab <a href="/wiki/Sabir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabir language">Sabir</a> †</li> <li>English+Chinese+Malay+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>Hebrew+Aramaic+German+Slavic <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li>Chinese+Mongolian+Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun language</a></li> <li>Chinese+Tagalog+English <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>Malay+Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arabic <a href="/wiki/Arablish" title="Arablish">Arablish</a></li> <li>Bengali <a href="/wiki/Banglish" title="Banglish">Banglish</a></li> <li>Czech <a href="/wiki/Czenglish" title="Czenglish">Czenglish</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinglish" title="Chinglish">Chinglish</a></li> <li>Chinese+Tagalog <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>Danish <a href="/wiki/Danglish" title="Danglish">Danglish</a></li> <li>Dutch <a href="/wiki/Dunglish" title="Dunglish">Dunglish</a></li> <li>Finnish <a href="/wiki/Finglish" title="Finglish">Finglish</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/Franglais" title="Franglais">Franglais</a></li> <li>German <a href="/wiki/Denglisch" title="Denglisch">Denglisch</a></li> <li>Greek <a href="/wiki/Greeklish" title="Greeklish">Greeklish</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>Hindi <a href="/wiki/Hinglish" title="Hinglish">Hinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-switching_in_Hong_Kong" title="Code-switching in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li>Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Hunglish" title="Hunglish">Hunglish</a></li> <li>Irish <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arlachas" class="mw-redirect" title="Béarlachas">Béarlachas</a></li> <li>Italian <a href="/wiki/Itanglese" title="Itanglese">Itanglese</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Wasei-eigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonin_English" title="Bonin English">Bonin English</a></li> <li>Kannada <a href="/wiki/Kanglish" title="Kanglish">Kanglish</a></li> <li>Korean <a href="/wiki/Konglish" title="Konglish">Konglish</a></li> <li>Maltese <a href="/wiki/Maltenglish" title="Maltenglish">Maltenglish</a></li> <li>Malayalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manglish_(Malayalam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manglish (Malayalam) (page does not exist)">Manglish (Malayalam)</a></li> <li>Malaysian <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>Namibia <a href="/wiki/Namlish" title="Namlish">Namlish</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/Poglish" title="Poglish">Poglish</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Porglish" title="Porglish">Porglish</a>/Portuglish</li> <li>Russian <a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solombala_English" title="Solombala English">Solombala English</a></li> <li>Sicilian <a href="/wiki/Siculish" title="Siculish">Siculish</a></li> <li>Singaporean <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></li> <li>Swedish <a href="/wiki/Swenglish" title="Swenglish">Swenglish</a></li> <li>Tagalog <a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a>/Englog</li> <li>Tamil <a href="/wiki/Tanglish" title="Tanglish">Tanglish</a></li> <li>Telugu <a href="/wiki/Tenglish" title="Tenglish">Tenglish</a></li> <li>Thai <a href="/wiki/Tinglish" title="Tinglish">Tinglish</a></li> <li>Turkish <a href="/wiki/Turklish" title="Turklish">Turklish</a></li> <li>Urdu <a href="/wiki/Urdish" title="Urdish">Urdish</a></li> <li>Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Vinish" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinish">Vinish</a></li> <li>Visayan <a href="/wiki/Bislish" title="Bislish">Bislish</a></li> <li>Yiddish <a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>See also: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-based_creole_languages" title="English-based creole languages">English-based creole languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englishization" class="mw-redirect" title="Englishization">Englishization</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Arablish" title="Arablish">Arablish</a></li> <li>South Sudan local languages <a href="/wiki/Juba_Arabic" title="Juba Arabic">Juba Arabic</a></li> <li>Greek <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Arabic" title="Cypriot Arabic">Cypriot Arabic</a></li> <li>Jordanian+Bengali <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Bengali_Pidgin_Arabic" title="Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic">Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Chinglish" title="Chinglish">Chinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Pidgin_English" title="Chinese Pidgin English">Chinese Pidgin English</a></li> <li>English+Malay+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>English+Tagalog <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(China)" title="Dao language (China)">Daohua</a></li> <li>Mongolian+Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun language</a></li> <li>Uyghur <a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou language</a></li> <li>Russian <a href="/wiki/Kyakhta_Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Pidgin" title="Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin">Kyakhta</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kyowa-go" title="Kyowa-go">Kyowa-go</a></li> <li>Inter-topolects <a href="/wiki/Lingling_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingling dialect">Linghua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a></li> <li>Tai <a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E language</a></li> <li>Hmongic <a href="/wiki/Maojia_dialect" title="Maojia dialect">Maojia dialect</a></li> <li>Santa <a href="/wiki/Tangwang_language" title="Tangwang language">Tangwang language</a></li> <li>Malay+Javanese <a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages#Baba_Malay" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Baba Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dutch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Dunglish" title="Dunglish">Dunglish</a></li> <li>Malay <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petjo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Petjo language">Petjo</a></li> <li>Javanese <a href="/wiki/Javindo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Javindo language">Javindo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Frespa%C3%B1ol" title="Frespañol">Frespañol/Fragnol</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Franponais" class="mw-redirect" title="Franponais">Franponais</a></li> <li>Occitan <a href="/wiki/Meridional_French" title="Meridional French">Meridional French</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Franglais" title="Franglais">Franglais</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Zarphatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarphatic">Zarphatic</a></li> <li>Gallo-Italic <a href="/wiki/Franco-Italian" title="Franco-Italian">Franco-Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French Sign<br /> Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>American Sign Language <a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivian Sign Language">Bolivian Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_Sign_Language" title="Thai Sign Language">Thai Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Sign Language">Philippine Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russian <a href="/wiki/German-Russian_macaronic_language" title="German-Russian macaronic language">Deutschrussisch</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Belgranodeutsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgranodeutsch">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Denglisch" title="Denglisch">Denglisch</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German">Hunsrik</a> (when Portuguese-influenced)</li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li>Yiddish <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Greeklish" title="Greeklish">Greeklish</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Greek">Judeo-Greek</a></li> <li>Turkish <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hebrew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arabic languages <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic languages">Judeo-Arabic languages</a></li> <li>Aramaic languages <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judeo-Aramaic languages</a></li> <li>Iranian languages <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian languages</a></li> <li>Romance languages <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Romance_languages" title="Judaeo-Romance languages">Judaeo-Romance languages</a> <ul><li>German <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li></ul></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>Georgian <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li> <li>Malayalam <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li>Tatar <a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li>Slavic <a href="/wiki/Knaanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Knaanic">Knaanic</a></li> <li>Greek <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Greek">Yevanic</a></li> <li>Indic <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judeo-Marathi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Itanglese" title="Itanglese">Itanglese</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Cocoliche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Macarr%C3%B4nico" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarrônico">Macaronic Portuguese</a></li> <li>Croatian <a href="/wiki/Fiuman_dialect" title="Fiuman dialect">Fiuman dialect</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian">Judeo-Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Wasei-eigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonin_English" title="Bonin English">Bonin English</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Dekasegi#Language" title="Dekasegi">Dekasegi Portuguese</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/Franponais" class="mw-redirect" title="Franponais">Franponais</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Kyowa-go" title="Kyowa-go">Kyowa-go</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay trade and creole languages</a></li> <li>English+Chinese+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages#Baba_Malay" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Baba Malay</a></li> <li>Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li> <li>Sinhalese+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Malay language">Sri Lankan Malay</a></li> <li>Ternate <a href="/wiki/Manado_Malay" title="Manado Malay">Manado Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Moluccan_Malay" title="North Moluccan Malay">North Moluccan Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambonese_Malay" title="Ambonese Malay">Ambonese Malay</a></li> <li>Dutch <a href="/wiki/Petjo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Petjo language">Petjo</a></li> <li>Makassarese <a href="/wiki/Makassar_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar Malay">Makassar Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portuguese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Portu%C3%B1ol" title="Portuñol">Portuñol/Portunhol</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Porglish" title="Porglish">Porglish/Portuglish</a></li> <li>Italian languages <a href="/wiki/Macarr%C3%B4nico" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarrônico">Macaronic Portuguese</a></li> <li>Bengali <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Portuguese_creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Portuguese creole">Bengali Portuguese</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Dekasegi#Language" title="Dekasegi">Dekasegi Portuguese</a></li> <li>Gallo-Italic languages <a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a> (when Portuguese-influenced)</li> <li>Hunsrückisch German <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German">Hunsrik</a> (when Portuguese-influenced)</li> <li>Bantu languages <a href="/wiki/Cafund%C3%B3_language" title="Cafundó language">Cafundó dialect</a> (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">cupópia</i></span>), <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gira_da_Tabatinga" class="extiw" title="pt:Gira da Tabatinga">Gira da Tabatinga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalunga">Kalunga</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Portuguese">Judeo-Portuguese</a></li> <li>Southeast Asian languages <a href="/wiki/Macanese_Patois" title="Macanese Patois">Macanese Patois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>German <a href="/wiki/German-Russian_macaronic_language" title="German-Russian macaronic language">Deutschrussisch</a></li> <li>Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Balachka</a></li> <li>Belarusian <a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li> <li>Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solombala_English" title="Solombala English">Solombala English</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Kyakhta_Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Pidgin" title="Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin">Kyakhta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavian<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Danish+English <a href="/wiki/Danglish" title="Danglish">Danglish</a></li> <li>Norwegian+Russian <a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li> <li>Norwegian+Spanish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norspa%C3%B1ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norspañol (page does not exist)">Norspañol</a></li> <li>Norwegian+Swedish <a href="/wiki/Svorsk" title="Svorsk">Svorsk</a></li> <li>Swedish+English <a href="/wiki/Swenglish" title="Swenglish">Swenglish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Portu%C3%B1ol" title="Portuñol">Portuñol/Portunhol</a></li> <li>German <a href="/wiki/Belgranodeutsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgranodeutsch">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></li> <li>Italian languages <a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Cocoliche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a></li> <li>Gallo-Italic languages <a href="/wiki/Chipilo_Venetian_dialect" title="Chipilo Venetian dialect">Chipilo</a></li> <li>Galician <a href="/wiki/Castrapo" title="Castrapo">Castrapo</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/Frespa%C3%B1ol" title="Frespañol">Frespañol/Fragnol</a></li> <li>Guarani <a href="/wiki/Jopar%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Jopará">Jopará</a></li> <li>Norwegian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norspa%C3%B1ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norspañol (page does not exist)">Norspañol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tahitian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Te_Parau_Tinito" title="Te Parau Tinito">Te Parau Tinito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tagalog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chinese+English <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a>/Englog</li> <li>Visayan <a href="/wiki/Bisalog" title="Bisalog">Bisalog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belarusian <a href="/wiki/West_Polesian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="West Polesian dialect">West Polesian</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Ukrainian" title="Canadian Ukrainian">Canadian Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%82ak_jargon" title="Bałak jargon">Balak</a></li> <li>Russian <a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Balachka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yiddish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>Scots <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland#"Scots-Yiddish"" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Scots Yiddish</a></li> <li>German <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germanic_tribes_(750BC-1AD).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/40px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/60px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png/80px-Germanic_tribes_%28750BC-1AD%29.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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