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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BCR-independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BCR-independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>BCR-independent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BCR-independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CD19/CD21_complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CD19/CD21_complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>CD19/CD21 complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CD19/CD21_complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BCR-dependent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BCR-dependent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>BCR-dependent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BCR-dependent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autoimmunity_&_immunodeficiency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Autoimmunity & immunodeficiency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autoimmunity_&_immunodeficiency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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title="B-Lymphozytenantigen CD19 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="B-Lymphozytenantigen CD19" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD19" title="CD19 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="CD19" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD19" title="CD19 – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="CD19" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD19" title="CD19 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="CD19" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD19" title="CD19 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="CD19" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD19" title="CD19 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="CD19" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD19" title="CD19 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="CD19" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Biomarker for B cell lineage</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">CD19</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/1633">CD19</a></span>, B4, CVID3, CD19 molecule</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/107265">107265</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:88319">88319</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=1341">1341</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD19">CD19</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000177455">CD19 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_16.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 16 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 16 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ideogram_human_chromosome_16.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_16.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ideogram_human_chromosome_16.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_16.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ideogram_human_chromosome_16.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_16.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_16_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 16 (human)">Chromosome 16 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_16_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 16 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 16 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Human_chromosome_16_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_16_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Human_chromosome_16_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_16_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Human_chromosome_16_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_16_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 88.81178081186px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD19"><img alt="Genomic location for CD19" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 94.8px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD19"><img alt="Genomic location for CD19" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">16p11.2</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">28,931,965 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">28,939,342 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 7 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 7 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 7 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 7 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 7 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 249.43773540176px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD19"><img alt="Genomic location for CD19" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 255.4px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD19"><img alt="Genomic location for CD19" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">7 F3|7 69.01 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">126,007,622 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">126,014,061 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000177455">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">spleen</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lymph node</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">appendix</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">granulocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">mucosa of ileum</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">epithelium of nasopharynx</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bone marrow cells</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">testicle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">blood</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tonsil</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000030724">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">mesenteric lymph nodes</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">spleen</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">blood</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">granulocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">subcutaneous adipose tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">thymus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tunica adventitia of aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tunica media of zone of aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">morula</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000177455">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_CD19_206398_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PBB_GE_CD19_206398_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_CD19_206398_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PBB_GE_CD19_206398_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_CD19_206398_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PBB_GE_CD19_206398_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_CD19_206398_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/930/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046934">phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016021">integral component of membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005886">plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005887">integral component of plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016020">membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009897">external side of plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032991">protein-containing complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045121">membrane raft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006968">cellular defense response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007166">cell surface receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050776">regulation of immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051281">positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046854">phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050853">B cell receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030449">regulation of complement activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051897">positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001923">B-1 B cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002322">B cell proliferation involved in immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016064">immunoglobulin mediated immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019724">B cell mediated immunity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043552">positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050851">antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050855">regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050864">regulation of B cell activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002250">adaptive immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002376">immune system process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=930&rn=1">930</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=12478&rn=1">12478</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000177455;db=core">ENSG00000177455</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000030724;db=core">ENSMUSG00000030724</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P15391">P15391</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25918">P25918</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001178098">NM_001178098</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001770">NM_001770</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001385732">NM_001385732</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_009844">NM_009844</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001357091">NM_001357091</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001171569">NP_001171569</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001761">NP_001761</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_033974">NP_033974</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001344020">NP_001344020</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr16:28931965-28939342">Chr 16: 28.93 – 28.94 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr7:126007622-126014061">Chr 7: 126.01 – 126.01 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907948" class="extiw" title="d:Q14907948">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907949" class="extiw" title="d:Q14907949">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>B-lymphocyte antigen CD19</b>, also known as <b>CD19 molecule</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation"><b>C</b>luster of <b>D</b>ifferentiation</a> <b>19</b>), <b>B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4</b>, <b>T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12</b> and <b>CVID3</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Transmembrane_protein" title="Transmembrane protein">transmembrane protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the gene <i>CD19</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid2472450_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2472450-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In humans, CD19 is expressed in all <a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B lineage cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_2013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder_2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scheuermann_1995_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheuermann_1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contrary to some early doubts, human <a href="/wiki/Plasma_cell" title="Plasma cell">plasma cells</a> do express CD19.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD19 plays two major roles in human <a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cells</a>: on the one hand, it acts as an <a href="/wiki/Signal_transducing_adaptor_protein" title="Signal transducing adaptor protein">adaptor protein</a> to recruit cytoplasmic <a href="/wiki/Signaling_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling proteins">signaling proteins</a> to the membrane; on the other, it works within the CD19/<a href="/wiki/CD21" class="mw-redirect" title="CD21">CD21</a> complex to decrease the threshold for <a href="/wiki/B-cell_receptor" title="B-cell receptor">B cell receptor</a> signaling pathways. Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a <a href="/wiki/Biomarker_(cell)" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomarker (cell)">biomarker</a> for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia <a href="/wiki/Immunotherapy" title="Immunotherapy">immunotherapies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheuermann_1995_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheuermann_1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In humans, CD19 is encoded by the 7.41 <a href="/wiki/Kilobase" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilobase">kilobase</a> <i>CD19</i> gene located on the short arm of chromosome 16.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_1992_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou_1992-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains at least fifteen <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exons</a>, four that encode <a href="/wiki/Extracellular_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Extracellular domain">extracellular domain</a> and nine that encode cytoplasmic domains, with a total of 556 amino acids.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_1992_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou_1992-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experiments show that there are multiple <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a> transcripts; however, only two have been isolated <i><a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CD19 is a 95 <a href="/wiki/KDa" class="mw-redirect" title="KDa">kDa</a> Type I transmembrane <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoprotein</a> in the immunoglobulin superfamily (<a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily" title="Immunoglobulin superfamily">IgSF</a>) with two extracellular <a href="/wiki/C2-set_Ig-like_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="C2-set Ig-like domain">C2-set Ig-like domains</a> and a relatively large, 240 <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a>, cytoplasmic tail that is highly conserved among mammalian species.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mei_2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mei_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haas_2005_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haas_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extracellular C2-type Ig-like domains are divided by a potential disulfide linked non-Ig-like domain and N-linked carbohydrate addition sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Haas_2005_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haas_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tedder_2009_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tedder_2009-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cytoplasmic tail contains at least nine <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">tyrosine</a> residues near the <a href="/wiki/C-terminus" title="C-terminus">C-terminus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haas_2005_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haas_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within these residues, Y391, Y482, and Y513 have been shown to be essential to the biological functions of CD19.<sup id="cite_ref-Del_Nagro_2005_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Del_Nagro_2005-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a> substitution for tyrosine at Y482 and Y513 leads to the inhibition of <a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a> at the other tyrosines.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carter_2002_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expression">Expression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CD19 is widely expressed during all phases of B cell development until terminal differentiation into plasma cells. During B cell <a href="/wiki/Lymphopoiesis" title="Lymphopoiesis">lymphopoiesis</a>, CD19 surface expression starts during immunoglobulin (Ig) <a href="/wiki/Gene_rearrangement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene rearrangement">gene rearrangement</a>, which coincides during B lineage commitment from <a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">hematopoietic stem cell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheuermann_1995_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheuermann_1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout development, the surface density of CD19 is highly regulated.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD19 expression in mature B cells is threefold higher than that in immature B cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD19 is expressed on all normal, mitogen-stimulated, and <a href="/wiki/Malignancy" title="Malignancy">malignant</a> B cells, excluding plasma cells<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Expression data in Plasma cells is inconsistent with first paragraph.">inconsistent</span></a></i>]</sup>. CD19 expression is even maintained in B lineage cells that undergo <a href="/wiki/Neoplastic_transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplastic transformation">neoplastic transformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_2013_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder_2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carter_2002_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its ubiquity on all B cells, it can function as a B cell <a href="/wiki/Cell_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell marker">marker</a> and a target for immunotherapies targeting neoplastic <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheuermann_1995_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheuermann_1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_development_&_survival"><span id="Role_in_development_.26_survival"></span>Role in development & survival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Role in development & survival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Decisions to live, <a href="/wiki/Cell_proliferation" title="Cell proliferation">proliferate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">differentiate</a>, or die are continuously being made during B cell development.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These decisions are tightly regulated through B cell receptor (<a href="/wiki/B-cell_receptor" title="B-cell receptor">BCR</a>) interactions and signaling. The presence of a functional BCR is necessary during antigen-dependent differentiation and for continued survival in the peripheral immune system.<sup id="cite_ref-Haas_2005_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haas_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essential to the functionality of a BCR is the presence of CD19.<sup id="cite_ref-Sato_1999_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sato_1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experiments using CD19 <a href="/wiki/Knockout_mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Knockout mice">knockout mice</a> found that CD19 is essential for B cell differentiative events including the formation of <a href="/wiki/B-1_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 cell">B-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germinal_center" title="Germinal center">germinal center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marginal_zone_B-cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal zone B-cell">marginal zone</a> (MZ) B cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Haas_2005_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haas_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rickert_1995_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rickert_1995-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Engel_1995_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engel_1995-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysis of mixed bone marrow <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(genetics)" title="Chimera (genetics)">chimeras</a> suggest that prior to an initial antigen encounter, CD19 promotes the survival of <a href="/wiki/Naive_B_cell" title="Naive B cell">naive</a> recirculating B cells and increases the in vivo life span of B cells in the peripheral B cell compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, CD19 expression is integral to the propagation of BCR-induced survival signals and the maintenance of homeostasis through tonic signaling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BCR-independent">BCR-independent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: BCR-independent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paired box transcription factor 5 (<a href="/wiki/PAX5" title="PAX5">PAX5</a>) plays a major role in B cell differentiation from pro B cell to mature B cell, the point at which the expression of non-B-lineage genes is permanently blocked.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of B cell differentiation is controlling <a href="/wiki/Myc" title="Myc">c-MYC</a> protein stability and steady-state levels through CD19, which acts as a PAX5 target and downstream effector of the <a href="/wiki/PI3K/AKT/mTOR_pathway" title="PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway">PI3K-AKT-GSK3β axis</a>. CD19 signaling, independent of BCR functions, increases c-MYC protein stability. Using a loss of function approach, researchers found reduced MYC levels in B cells of CD19 <a href="/wiki/Gene_knockdown" title="Gene knockdown">knockdown</a> mice.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD19 signaling involves the recruitment and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase" title="Phosphoinositide 3-kinase">(PI3K</a>) and later downstream, the activation of protein kinase B (<a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_B" title="Protein kinase B">Akt</a>). The Akt-GSK3β axis is necessary for MYC activation by CD19 in BCR-negative cells, with higher levels of Akt activation corresponding to higher levels of MYC.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poe_2012_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poe_2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD19 is a crucial BCR-independent regulator of MYC-driven neoplastic growth in B cells since the CD19-MYC axis promotes cell expansion <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i> and <i>in vivo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poe_2012_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poe_2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CD19/CD21_complex"><span id="CD19.2FCD21_complex"></span>CD19/CD21 complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: CD19/CD21 complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the cell surface, CD19 is the dominant signaling component of a multimolecular complex including <a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CD21</a> (CR2, a <a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor" title="Complement receptor">complement receptor</a>), <a href="/wiki/CD81" title="CD81">TAPA-1</a> (a tetraspanin membrane protein), and <a href="/wiki/CD225" class="mw-redirect" title="CD225">CD225</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CD19/CD21 complex arises from <a href="/wiki/Complement_component_3" title="Complement component 3">C3d</a> binding to CD21; however, CD19 does not require CD21 for <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">signal transduction</a>. CD81, attached to CD19, is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Tetraspanin" title="Tetraspanin">tetraspanin web</a>, acts as a <a href="/wiki/Chaperone_(protein)" title="Chaperone (protein)">chaperone protein</a>, and provides docking sites for molecules in various different signal transduction pathways.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BCR-dependent">BCR-dependent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: BCR-dependent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While colligated with the BCR, the CD19/CD21 complex bound to the antigen-complement complex can decrease the threshold for B cell activation. CD21, complement receptor 2, can bind fragments of C3 that have covalently attached to <a href="/wiki/Glycoconjugate" title="Glycoconjugate">glycoconjugates</a> by <a href="/wiki/Complement_system" title="Complement system">complement activation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morbach_2016_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morbach_2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognition of an antigen by the complement system enables the CD19/CD21 complex and associated intracellular signaling molecules to <a href="/wiki/Cross-link" title="Cross-link">crosslink</a> to the BCR. This results in phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of CD19 by BCR-associated <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase" title="Tyrosine kinase">tyrosine kinases</a>, ensuing is the binding of additional <a href="/wiki/Src_family_kinase" title="Src family kinase">Src-family kinases</a>, augmentation of signaling through the BCR, and recruitment of PI3K. The localization of PI3K initiates another signaling pathway leading to Akt activation. Varying expression of CD19 on the cell surface modulates tyrosine phosphorylation and Akt kinase signaling and by extension, <a href="/wiki/MHC_class_II" title="MHC class II">MHC class II</a> mediated signaling.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Activated spleen tyrosine kinase (<a href="/wiki/Syk" class="mw-redirect" title="Syk">Syk</a>) leads to phosphorylation of the scaffold protein, <a href="/wiki/B-cell_linker" title="B-cell linker">BLNK</a>, which provides multiple sites for tyrosine phosphorylation and recruits <a href="/wiki/SH2_domain" title="SH2 domain">SH2</a>-containing enzymes and adaptor proteins that can form various multiprotein signaling complexes. In this way, CD19 can modulate the threshold for B cell activation. This is important during <a href="/wiki/Primary_immune_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary immune response">primary immune response</a>, prior to <a href="/wiki/Affinity_maturation" title="Affinity maturation">affinity maturation</a>, amplifying the response of low affinity BCRs to low concentrations of antigen.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2012_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morbach_2016_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morbach_2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CD19 has been shown to <a href="/wiki/Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD81" title="CD81">CD81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD82_(gene)" title="CD82 (gene)">CD82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">Complement receptor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAV2" title="VAV2">VAV2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_disease">In disease</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autoimmunity_&_immunodeficiency"><span id="Autoimmunity_.26_immunodeficiency"></span>Autoimmunity & immunodeficiency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Autoimmunity & immunodeficiency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutations</a> in CD19 are associated with severe <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">immunodeficiency</a> syndromes characterized by diminished <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibody</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, mutations in CD21 and CD81 can also underlie primary immunodeficiency due to their role in the CD19/CD21 complex formation.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mutations can lead to <a href="/wiki/Hypogammaglobulinemia" title="Hypogammaglobulinemia">hypogammaglobulinaemia</a> as a result of poor response to antigen and defective <a href="/wiki/Immunological_memory" title="Immunological memory">immunological memory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers found changes in the constitution of B lymphocyte population and reduced amounts of switched <a href="/wiki/Memory_B_cell" title="Memory B cell">memory B cells</a> with high terminal differentiation potential in patients with <a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD19 has also been implicated in <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">autoimmune diseases</a>, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and may be a useful treatment target.<sup id="cite_ref-Mei_2012_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mei_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tedder_2009_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tedder_2009-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mouse model research shows that CD19 deficiency can lead to hyporesponsiveness to transmembrane signals and weak <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cell</a> dependent <a href="/wiki/Humoral_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Humoral response">humoral response</a>, that in turn leads to an overall impaired humoral immune response.<sup id="cite_ref-Rickert_1995_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rickert_1995-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Engel_1995_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engel_1995-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally CD19 plays a role in modulating MHC Class II expression and signaling, which can be affected by mutations. CD19 deficient B cells exhibit selective growth disadvantage; therefore, it is rare for CD19 to be absent in neoplastic B cells, as it is essential for development.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since CD19 is a marker of B cells, the protein has been used to diagnose cancers that arise from this type of cell - notably <a href="/wiki/B-cell_lymphomas" class="mw-redirect" title="B-cell lymphomas">B cell lymphomas</a>, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (<a href="/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia" title="Acute lymphoblastic leukemia">ALL</a>), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (<a href="/wiki/Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia" title="Chronic lymphocytic leukemia">CLL</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Scheuermann_1995_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheuermann_1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of B cell malignancies express normal to high levels of CD19. The most current experimental <a href="/wiki/Anti-CD19_immunotoxin" title="Anti-CD19 immunotoxin">anti-CD19 immunotoxins</a> in development work by exploiting the widespread presence of CD19 on B cells, with expression highly conserved in most neoplastic B cells, to direct treatment specifically towards B-cell cancers.<sup id="cite_ref-Mei_2012_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mei_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is now emerging that the protein plays an active role in driving the growth of these cancers, most intriguingly by stabilizing the concentrations of the MYC oncoprotein. This suggests that CD19 and its downstream signaling may be a more attractive therapeutic target than initially suspected.<sup id="cite_ref-Chung_2012_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2012-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poe_2012_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poe_2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CD19-targeted therapies based on T cells that express CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors (<a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antigen_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antigen receptor">CARs</a>) have been utilized for their antitumor abilities in patients with CD19<sup>+</sup> lymphoma and leukemia, first against Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), then against CLL in 2011, and then against ALL in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheuermann_1995_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheuermann_1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CAR-19 T cells are genetically modified T cells that express a targeting moiety on their surface that confers T cell receptor (<a href="/wiki/T-cell_receptor" title="T-cell receptor">TCR</a>) specificity towards CD19<sup>+</sup> cells. CD19 activates the TCR signaling cascade that leads to proliferation, <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokine</a> production, and ultimately <a href="/wiki/Lysis" title="Lysis">lysis</a> of the target cells, which in this case are CD19<sup>+</sup> B cells. CAR-19 T cells are more effective than anti-CD19 immunotoxins because they can proliferate and remain in the body for a longer period of time. This comes with a caveat since now CD19<sup>−</sup> immune escape facilitated by <a href="/wiki/Splice_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Splice variant">splice variants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">point mutations</a>, and lineage switching can form as a major form of therapeutic resistance for patients with ALL.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chimeric+antigen+receptor-modified+T+cells+in+chronic+lymphoid+leukemia&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=725-733&rft.date=2011-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3387277%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21830940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2Fnejmoa1103849&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=DL&rft.au=Levine%2C+BL&rft.au=Kalos%2C+M&rft.au=Bagg%2C+A&rft.au=June%2C+CH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3387277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadelain2017" class="citation journal cs1">Sadelain M (December 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=CD19+CAR+T+Cells&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1471&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2017.12.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29245005&rft.aulast=Sadelain&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2017.12.002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clinical trial number <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01493453">NCT01493453</a></i> for "A Phase I Study of CD19 Specific T Cells in CD19 Positive Malignancy" at <a href="/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov" title="ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span 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class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28057672">28057672</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blood&rft.atitle=Targeting+CD19%3A+the+good%2C+the+bad%2C+and+CD81&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-10&rft.date=2017-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5216268%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28057672&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1182%2Fblood-2016-11-749143&rft.aulast=Velasquez&rft.aufirst=MP&rft.au=Gottschalk%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5216268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD19" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsby,_Richard_A.Kindt,_Thomas_J.Osborne,_Barbara_A.2006" class="citation book cs1">Goldsby, Richard A., Kindt, Thomas J., Osborne, Barbara A. 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phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are required for B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase"</a>. <i>Journal of Immunology</i>. <b>162</b> (8): 4438–4446. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.162.8.4438">10.4049/jimmunol.162.8.4438</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10201980">10201980</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23542951">23542951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Phosphorylation+of+CD19+Y484+and+Y515%2C+and+linked+activation+of+phosphatidylinositol+3-kinase%2C+are+required+for+B+cell+antigen+receptor-mediated+activation+of+Bruton%27s+tyrosine+kinase&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=4438-4446&rft.date=1999-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23542951%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10201980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4049%2Fjimmunol.162.8.4438&rft.aulast=Buhl&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Cambier%2C+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4049%252Fjimmunol.162.8.4438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD19" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD19&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebioscience.com/resources/mouse-cd-chart.htm">Mouse CD Antigen Chart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebioscience.com/resources/human-cd-chart.htm">Human CD Antigen Chart</a></li> <li>Human <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&singleSearch=knownCanonical&position=CD19"><i>CD19</i></a> genome location and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=CD19"><i>CD19</i></a> gene details page in the <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li></ul> <p><i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Proteins:_clusters_of_differentiation_(see_also_list_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Template:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Template talk:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Proteins:_clusters_of_differentiation_(see_also_list_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">clusters of differentiation</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation" title="List of human clusters of differentiation">list of human clusters of differentiation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">1–50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD1" title="CD1">CD1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_1_CD1" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 1 CD1">a-c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1A" title="CD1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1b" title="CD1b">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1D" title="CD1D">1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1E" title="CD1E">1E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD2" title="CD2">CD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD3G" title="CD3G">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3D" title="CD3D">δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3E" class="mw-redirect" title="CD3E">ε</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD5_(protein)" title="CD5 (protein)">CD5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD6" title="CD6">CD6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD7" title="CD7">CD7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD8" title="CD8">CD8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD8A" title="CD8A">a</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD9" title="CD9">CD9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neprilysin" title="Neprilysin">CD10</a></li> <li><i>CD11</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD11a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_alpha_M" title="Integrin alpha M">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD11c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGAD" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGAD">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">CD13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD14" title="CD14">CD14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD15" class="mw-redirect" title="CD15">CD15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD16" title="CD16">CD16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR3A" title="FCGR3A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR3B" title="FCGR3B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CD21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD22" title="CD22">CD22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">CD23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD24" title="CD24">CD24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL2RA" title="IL2RA">CD25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4" title="Dipeptidyl peptidase-4">CD26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD27" title="CD27">CD27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD28" title="CD28">CD28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_beta_1" title="Integrin beta 1">CD29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD30" title="CD30">CD30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD32" title="CD32">CD32</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR2A" title="FCGR2A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR2B" title="FCGR2B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD33" title="CD33">CD33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_1" title="Complement receptor 1">CD35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD36" title="CD36">CD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD37" title="CD37">CD37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD38" title="CD38">CD38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENTPD1" title="ENTPD1">CD39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA2B" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA2B">CD41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_Ib" title="Glycoprotein Ib">CD42</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_IX" title="Glycoprotein IX">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP1BA" title="GP1BA">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP1BB" title="GP1BB">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP5_(gene)" title="GP5 (gene)">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD43" title="CD43">CD43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD44" title="CD44">CD44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTPRC" title="PTPRC">CD45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD46" title="CD46">CD46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD47" title="CD47">CD47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD48" title="CD48">CD48</a></li> <li><i>CD49</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD49a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49b" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49d" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49d">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA5" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA5">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA6" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA6">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM3" title="ICAM3">CD50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">51–100</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITGAV" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGAV">CD51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD52" title="CD52">CD52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD53" title="CD53">CD53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM-1" title="ICAM-1">CD54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decay-accelerating_factor" title="Decay-accelerating factor">CD55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Neural cell adhesion molecule">CD56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3GAT1" title="B3GAT1">CD57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD58" title="CD58">CD58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD59" title="CD59">CD59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD61" class="mw-redirect" title="CD61">CD61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectin" title="Selectin">CD62</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-selectin" title="E-selectin">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-selectin" title="L-selectin">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-selectin" title="P-selectin">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD63" title="CD63">CD63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD64_(biology)" title="CD64 (biology)">CD64</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1A" title="FCGR1A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1B" class="mw-redirect" title="FCGR1B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1C" class="mw-redirect" title="FCGR1C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoembryonic_antigen" title="Carcinoembryonic antigen">CD66</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM1" title="CEACAM1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM8" title="CEACAM8">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM6" title="CEACAM6">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM3" title="CEACAM3">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM5" title="CEACAM5">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSG1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="PSG1 (gene)">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD68" title="CD68">CD68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD69" title="CD69">CD69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD70" title="CD70">CD70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFRC" class="mw-redirect" title="TFRC">CD71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD72" title="CD72">CD72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NT5E" title="NT5E">CD73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD74" title="CD74">CD74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD78" title="CD78">CD78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79" title="CD79">CD79</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD79A" title="CD79A">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79B" title="CD79B">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD80" title="CD80">CD80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD81" title="CD81">CD81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD82_(gene)" title="CD82 (gene)">CD82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD83" title="CD83">CD83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD84" title="CD84">CD84</a></li> <li><i>CD85</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LILRB3" title="LILRB3">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB2" title="LILRB2">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA3" title="LILRA3">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA2" title="LILRA2">h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB1" title="LILRB1">j</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB4" title="LILRB4">k</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD86" title="CD86">CD86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urokinase_receptor" title="Urokinase receptor">CD87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C5a_receptor" title="C5a receptor">CD88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCAR" title="FCAR">CD89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD90" title="CD90">CD90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LRP1" title="LRP1">CD91</a> - <a href="/wiki/SLC44A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC44A1">CD92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD93" title="CD93">CD93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRD1" title="KLRD1">CD94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_receptor" title="Fas receptor">CD95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD96" title="CD96">CD96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD97" title="CD97">CD97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD98" title="CD98">CD98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD99" title="CD99">CD99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEMA4D" title="SEMA4D">CD100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">101–150</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IGSF2" title="IGSF2">CD101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM2" title="ICAM2">CD102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGAE" title="ITGAE">CD103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGB4" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGB4">CD104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoglin" title="Endoglin">CD105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCAM-1" title="VCAM-1">CD106</a></li> <li><i>CD107</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LAMP1" title="LAMP1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP2" title="LAMP2">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEMA7A" title="SEMA7A">CD108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD109" title="CD109">CD109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myeloproliferative_leukemia_virus_oncogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene">CD110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL1" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL1">CD111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL2" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL2">CD112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL3" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL3">CD113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor">CD114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" title="Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor">CD115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">CD116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIT_(gene)" title="KIT (gene)">CD117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor_receptor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor">CD118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma_receptor_1" title="Interferon gamma receptor 1">CD119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD120" title="CD120">CD120</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF1A" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF1A">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF1B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF1B">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>CD121</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_I" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type I">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_II" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type II">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL2RB" title="IL2RB">CD122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL3RA" title="IL3RA">CD123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">CD124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5_receptor_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit">CD125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">CD126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">CD127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-9_receptor" title="Interleukin-9 receptor">CD129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_130" title="Glycoprotein 130">CD130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSF2RB" title="CSF2RB">CD131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_gamma_chain" title="Common gamma chain">CD132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD133" title="CD133">CD133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD134" title="CD134">CD134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD135" title="CD135">CD135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MST1R" title="MST1R">CD136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD137" title="CD137">CD137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndecan_1" title="Syndecan 1">CD138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDGFRB" title="PDGFRB">CD140b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombomodulin" title="Thrombomodulin">CD141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_factor" title="Tissue factor">CD142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme" title="Angiotensin-converting enzyme">CD143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VE-cadherin" title="VE-cadherin">CD144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD146" title="CD146">CD146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basigin" title="Basigin">CD147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTPRJ" title="PTPRJ">CD148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAMF1" title="SLAMF1">CD150</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">151–200</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD151" title="CD151">CD151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTLA-4" class="mw-redirect" title="CTLA-4">CD152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD153" title="CD153">CD153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">CD154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD155" title="CD155">CD155</a></li> <li><i>CD156</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAM8" title="ADAM8">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM17" title="ADAM17">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM10" title="ADAM10">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BST1" title="BST1">CD157</a></li> <li><i>CD158</i> (<a href="/wiki/KIR2DL1" title="KIR2DL1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DL4" title="KIR2DL4">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL1" title="KIR3DL1">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DS4" title="KIR2DS4">i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL2" title="KIR3DL2">k</a>)</li> <li><i>CD159</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NKG2" title="NKG2">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRC2" title="KLRC2">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD160" title="CD160">CD160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRB1" title="KLRB1">CD161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-selectin_glycoprotein_ligand-1" title="P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1">CD162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD163" title="CD163">CD163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD164" title="CD164">CD164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALCAM" title="ALCAM">CD166</a></li> <li><i>CD167</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DDR1" title="DDR1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoidin_domain-containing_receptor_2" title="Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaluronan-mediated_motility_receptor" title="Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor">CD168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialoadhesin" title="Sialoadhesin">CD169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC5" title="SIGLEC5">CD170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L1_(protein)" title="L1 (protein)">CD171</a></li> <li><i>CD172</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signal-regulatory_protein_alpha" title="Signal-regulatory protein alpha">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIRPB1" title="SIRPB1">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIRPG" title="SIRPG">g</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fucosyltransferase_3" title="Fucosyltransferase 3">CD174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD177" title="CD177">CD177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_ligand" title="Fas ligand">CD178</a></li> <li><i>CD179</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPREB1" title="VPREB1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGLL1" title="IGLL1">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD180" title="CD180">CD180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_alpha" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha">CD181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_beta" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, beta">CD182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR3" title="CXCR3">CD183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR4" title="CXCR4">CD184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR5" title="CXCR5">CD185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR6" title="CXCR6">CD186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR1" title="CCR1">CD191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CD192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR3_(gene)" title="CCR3 (gene)">CD193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR4" title="CCR4">CD194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR5" title="CCR5">CD195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_6" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 6">CD196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_7" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 7">CD197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR8_(gene)" title="CCR8 (gene)">CDw198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR9" title="CCR9">CDw199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD200" title="CD200">CD200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">201–250</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endothelial_protein_C_receptor" title="Endothelial protein C receptor">CD201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEK_tyrosine_kinase" title="TEK tyrosine kinase">CD202b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSR1" title="MSR1">CD204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY75" class="mw-redirect" title="LY75">CD205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannose_receptor" title="Mannose receptor">CD206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD207" class="mw-redirect" title="CD207">CD207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP3" title="LAMP3">CD208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC-SIGN" title="DC-SIGN">CD209</a></li> <li><i>CDw210</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">CD212</a></li> <li><i>CD213a</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IL13RA1" class="mw-redirect" title="IL13RA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL13RA2" title="IL13RA2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL17RA" title="IL17RA">CD217</a></li> <li><i>CD218</i> (<a href="/wiki/IL18R1" title="IL18R1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL18RAP" title="IL18RAP">b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin_receptor" title="Insulin receptor">CD220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">CD221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">CD222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAG3" class="mw-redirect" title="LAG3">CD223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GGT1" class="mw-redirect" title="GGT1">CD224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFITM1" title="IFITM1">CD225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD226" title="CD226">CD226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUC1" class="mw-redirect" title="MUC1">CD227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFI2" class="mw-redirect" title="MFI2">CD228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY9" title="LY9">CD229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRNP" class="mw-redirect" title="PRNP">CD230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Band 3">CD233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_antigen_system" title="Duffy antigen system">CD234</a></li> <li><i>CD235</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GYPA" class="mw-redirect" title="GYPA">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYPB" title="GYPB">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycophorin_C" title="Glycophorin C">CD236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kell_antigen_system" title="Kell antigen system">CD238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Basal cell adhesion molecule">CD239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHCE_(gene)" title="RHCE (gene)">CD240CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHD_(gene)" title="RHD (gene)">CD240D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHAG" title="RHAG">CD241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-glycoprotein" title="P-glycoprotein">CD243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD244" title="CD244">CD244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">CD246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD247" class="mw-redirect" title="CD247">CD247</a> - <a href="/wiki/CD248" title="CD248">CD248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamyl_aminopeptidase" title="Glutamyl aminopeptidase">CD249</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">251–300</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OX40L" class="mw-redirect" title="OX40L"> CD252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAIL" title="TRAIL">CD253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANKL" title="RANKL">CD254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFSF13" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFSF13">CD256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">CD257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFSF14" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFSF14">CD258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10A" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10A">CD261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10B">CD262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10C" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10C">CD263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10D" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10D">CD264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANK" title="RANK">CD265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF12A" title="TNFRSF12A">CD266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13B">CD267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13C" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13C">CD268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF17" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF17">CD269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">CD271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTLA" title="BTLA">CD272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDCD1LG2" title="PDCD1LG2">CD273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD274" class="mw-redirect" title="CD274">CD274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICOSLG" title="ICOSLG">CD275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD276" title="CD276">CD276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD278" title="CD278">CD278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1" title="Programmed cell death protein 1">CD279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannose_receptor" title="Mannose receptor">CD280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR_1" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR 1">CD281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR2" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR2">CD282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR3" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR3">CD283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR4" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR4">CD284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR6" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR6">CD286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR8" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR8">CD288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR9" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR9">CD289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR10" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR10">CD290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMPR1A" title="BMPR1A">CD292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMPR1B" title="BMPR1B">CDw293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD294" class="mw-redirect" title="CD294">CD294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptin_receptor" title="Leptin receptor">CD295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART4" title="ART4">CD297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1B3" title="ATP1B3">CD298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC4M" title="CLEC4M">CD299</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">301–350</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD300A" title="CD300A">CD300A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC10A" title="CLEC10A">CD301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD302" title="CD302">CD302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC4C" title="CLEC4C">CD303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropilin" title="Neuropilin">CD304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAIR1" title="LAIR1">CD305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAIR2" title="LAIR2">CD306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCRL5" title="FCRL5">CD307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinase_insert_domain_receptor" title="Kinase insert domain receptor">CD309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMR2" title="EMR2">CD312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKG2D" title="NKG2D">CD314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTGFRN" title="PTGFRN">CD315</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGSF8" title="IGSF8">CD316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetherin" title="Tetherin">CD317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDCP1" title="CDCP1">CD318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD320" title="CD320">CD320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F11_receptor" title="F11 receptor">CD321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAM2" title="JAM2">CD322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDH1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH1 (gene)">CD324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDH2" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH2">CD325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithelial_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Epithelial cell adhesion molecule">CD326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC6" title="SIGLEC6">CD327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC7" title="SIGLEC7">CD328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC9" title="SIGLEC9">CD329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">CD331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">CD332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">CD333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">CD334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR1" title="NCR1">CD335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR2" title="NCR2">CD336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR3" title="NCR3">CD337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABCG2" title="ABCG2">CD338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAG1" title="JAG1">CD339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">CD340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD4" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD4">CD344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD9" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD9">CD349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD10" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD10">CD350</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cluster_of_differentiation_by_lineage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation_by_lineage" title="Template:Clusters of differentiation by lineage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clusters_of_differentiation_by_lineage" title="Template talk:Clusters of differentiation by lineage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation_by_lineage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters of differentiation by lineage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cluster_of_differentiation_by_lineage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">Cluster of differentiation</a> by lineage</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">Lymphoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-B_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-B cell">Pre-B cell</a>: <a href="/wiki/Neprilysin" title="Neprilysin">CD10/CALLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79A" title="CD79A">CD79A</a></li></ul> <ul><li>mature: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CD21/CR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">CD23/FcεRII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">CD127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_cell" title="Plasma cell">plasma cell</a>: <a href="/wiki/CD38" title="CD38">CD38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndecan_1" title="Syndecan 1">CD138</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">T/NK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-T_antigens" title="Pan-T antigens">Pan-T antigens</a>: <a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD7" title="CD7">CD7</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD1" title="CD1">CD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD8" title="CD8">CD8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">CD13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4" title="Dipeptidyl peptidase-4">CD26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD27" title="CD27">CD27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD28" title="CD28">CD28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/NK_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="NK cell">NK cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD16" title="CD16">CD16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Neural cell adhesion molecule">CD56/NCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD57" class="mw-redirect" title="CD57">CD57</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">All</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD2" title="CD2">CD2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">All</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD5_(protein)" title="CD5 (protein)">CD5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Myeloid" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloid">Myeloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Myelomonocyte" title="Myelomonocyte">Myelomonocyte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD11c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11c">CD11c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD14" title="CD14">CD14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD15" class="mw-redirect" title="CD15">CD15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD64_(biology)" title="CD64 (biology)">CD64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD68" title="CD68">CD68</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell">MEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CFU-Meg" title="CFU-Meg">CFU-Meg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD36" title="CD36">CD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD42" class="mw-redirect" title="CD42">CD42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD41" class="mw-redirect" title="CD41">CD41</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD61" class="mw-redirect" title="CD61">CD61</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CFU-E" title="CFU-E">CFU-E</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD36" title="CD36">CD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD71" class="mw-redirect" title="CD71">CD71</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">All (pan-myeloid)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">CD13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD33" title="CD33">CD33</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">Stem cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transmembrane_receptors:_immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors" title="Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors" title="Template talk:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transmembrane_receptors:_immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor" title="Cell surface receptor">Transmembrane receptors</a>: <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily" title="Immunoglobulin superfamily">immunoglobulin superfamily</a> <a href="/wiki/Immune_receptor" title="Immune receptor">immune receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antibody receptor:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fc_receptor" title="Fc receptor">Fc receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fc_receptor#Fc-epsilon_receptors" title="Fc receptor">Epsilon (ε)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fc%CE%B5RI" class="mw-redirect" title="FcεRI">FcεRI</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">FcεRII</a> is <a href="/wiki/C-type_lectin" title="C-type lectin">C-type lectin</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fc_receptor#Fc-gamma_receptors" title="Fc receptor">Gamma (γ)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD64_(biology)" title="CD64 (biology)">FcγRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD32" title="CD32">FcγRII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD16" title="CD16">FcγRIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neonatal_Fc_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonatal Fc receptor">Neonatal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fc_receptor#Fc-alpha_receptors" title="Fc receptor">Alpha (α)/mu (μ)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCAR" title="FCAR">FcαRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fc%CE%B1/%CE%BCR" title="Fcα/μR">Fcα/μR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymeric_immunoglobulin_receptor" title="Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor">Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antigen receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antigen receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-cell_receptor" title="B-cell receptor">BCR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Co-receptor" title="Co-receptor">Co-receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">stimulate:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CD21</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD19</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD81" title="CD81">CD81</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">inhibit:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD22" title="CD22">CD22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessory molecules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD79A" title="CD79A">Ig-α</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD79B" title="CD79B">Ig-β</a> (<a href="/wiki/CD79" title="CD79">CD79</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">Ligands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex" title="Major histocompatibility complex">MHC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MHC_class_I" title="MHC class I">MHC class I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHC_class_II" title="MHC class II">MHC class II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antigen receptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T-cell_receptor" title="T-cell receptor">TCR</a>: <a href="/wiki/TRA@" class="mw-redirect" title="TRA@">TRA@</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRB@&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRB@ (page does not exist)">TRB@</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRD@" class="mw-redirect" title="TRD@">TRD@</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRG@" class="mw-redirect" title="TRG@">TRG@</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Co-receptor" title="Co-receptor">Co-receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD8" title="CD8">CD8</a> (with two glycoprotein chains <a href="/wiki/CD8_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="CD8 alpha">CD8α</a> and <a href="/wiki/CD8_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="CD8 beta">CD8β</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessory molecules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3G" title="CD3G">CD3γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3D" title="CD3D">CD3δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-cell_surface_glycoprotein_CD3_epsilon_chain" title="T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain">CD3ε</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeta_chain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeta chain (page does not exist)">ζ-chain</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/CD3_zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="CD3 zeta">CD3ζ</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=TCR_zeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCR zeta (page does not exist)">TCRζ</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cytokine_receptor" title="Cytokine receptor">Cytokine receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptors" title="Template:Cytokine receptors">cytokine receptors</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Killer-cell_immunoglobulin-like_receptor" title="Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor">Killer-cell IG-like receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DL1" title="KIR2DL1">KIR2DL1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KIR2DL2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KIR2DL2 (page does not exist)">KIR2DL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DL3" class="mw-redirect" title="KIR2DL3">KIR2DL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DL4" title="KIR2DL4">KIR2DL4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KIR2DL5A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KIR2DL5A (page does not exist)">KIR2DL5A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KIR2DL5B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KIR2DL5B (page does not exist)">KIR2DL5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DS1" title="KIR2DS1">KIR2DS1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KIR2DS2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KIR2DS2 (page does not exist)">KIR2DS2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KIR2DS3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KIR2DS3 (page does not exist)">KIR2DS3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DS4" title="KIR2DS4">KIR2DS4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KIR2DS5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KIR2DS5 (page does not exist)">KIR2DS5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL1" title="KIR3DL1">KIR3DL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL2" title="KIR3DL2">KIR3DL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL3" title="KIR3DL3">KIR3DL3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KIR3DS1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KIR3DS1 (page does not exist)">KIR3DS1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leukocyte_immunoglobulin-like_receptors" title="Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors">Leukocyte IG-like receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LILRA1" title="LILRA1">LILRA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA2" title="LILRA2">LILRA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA3" title="LILRA3">LILRA3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA4" title="LILRA4">LILRA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA5" title="LILRA5">LILRA5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LILRA6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LILRA6 (page does not exist)">LILRA6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB1" title="LILRB1">LILRB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB2" title="LILRB2">LILRB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB3" title="LILRB3">LILRB3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB4" title="LILRB4">LILRB4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB5" title="LILRB5">LILRB5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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