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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul 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searchaux" style="display:none">American entrepreneur, Craigslist founder</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Craig Newmark</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Craig_Newmark_headshot_1_(with_that).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Craig_Newmark_headshot_1_%28with_that%29.jpg/220px-Craig_Newmark_headshot_1_%28with_that%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Craig_Newmark_headshot_1_%28with_that%29.jpg/330px-Craig_Newmark_headshot_1_%28with_that%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Craig_Newmark_headshot_1_%28with_that%29.jpg/440px-Craig_Newmark_headshot_1_%28with_that%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5576" data-file-height="3137" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Newmark in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Craig Alexander Newmark</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-12-06</span>) </span>December 6, 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Philanthropist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data org">Craig Newmark Philanthropies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder of <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Eileen Whelpley</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2012)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Craig_Newmark_-_spoken_voice.mp3" title="File:Craig Newmark - spoken voice.mp3">Craig Newmark's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="9" data-mwtitle="Craig_Newmark_-_spoken_voice.mp3" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Craig_Newmark_-_spoken_voice.mp3/Craig_Newmark_-_spoken_voice.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Craig_Newmark_-_spoken_voice.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACraig_Newmark_-_spoken_voice.mp3&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">recorded in September 2023</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Craig Alexander Newmark</b> (born December 6, 1952) is an American internet entrepreneur and philanthropist best known as the founder of the classifieds website <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a>. Before founding Craigslist, he worked as a computer programmer for <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Schwab_Corporation" title="Charles Schwab Corporation">Charles Schwab</a>. Newmark served as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of Craigslist from its founding until 2000. He founded Craig Newmark Philanthropies in 2015. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newmark was born to Joyce and Lee Newmark, a bookkeeper and insurance and meat salesman, who were Jewish, in 1952 in <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown, New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_Feb2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child, Newmark liked <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comic_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic books">comic books</a>, and wanted to become a <a href="/wiki/Paleontologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologist">paleontologist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolcourt_July2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolcourt_July2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Newmark was thirteen, his father died from cancer. His mother then moved him and his younger brother, Jeff, to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Ford_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Ford Village (page does not exist)">Jacob Ford Village</a> in Morristown.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_Feb2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coughlin_July2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coughlin_July2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a teenager, Newmark attended <a href="/wiki/Morristown_High_School" title="Morristown High School">Morristown High School</a>, where he became interested in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coughlin_July2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coughlin_July2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wore taped-together, black-rimmed glasses and a pocket protector.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_June2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes_June2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview, he described his high school self as "possible nerd patient zero".<sup id="cite_ref-BayCityNews_June2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BayCityNews_June2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During high school, he sang in the school choir, joined the physics club,<sup id="cite_ref-Dolcourt_July2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolcourt_July2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> co-captained the debate team and was in the <a href="/wiki/Honor_society" title="Honor society">honor society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coughlin_July2015_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coughlin_July2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newmark graduated high school in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Bangiolo_September2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bangiolo_September2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his freshman year of college, Newmark began studying <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolcourt_July2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolcourt_July2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> degrees in computing and information sciences from <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Profile_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Profile-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1975 and 1977, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-CaseWestern_March2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaseWestern_March2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Craig_Newmark_by_Pete_Forsyth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Craig_Newmark_by_Pete_Forsyth.jpg/220px-Craig_Newmark_by_Pete_Forsyth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Craig_Newmark_by_Pete_Forsyth.jpg/330px-Craig_Newmark_by_Pete_Forsyth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Craig_Newmark_by_Pete_Forsyth.jpg/440px-Craig_Newmark_by_Pete_Forsyth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2719" data-file-height="2558" /></a><figcaption>Newmark in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Before establishing <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a>, Newmark worked as a contract computer programmer for companies such as <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-NJ.COM_Sept2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ.COM_Sept2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first job out of college was with IBM, where he worked for 17 years as a programmer and systems engineer. During that time, he lived in <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheGuardian_July2019_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian_July2019-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> in 1993 after accepting a position with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Schwab_Corporation" title="Charles Schwab Corporation">Charles Schwab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, a coworker introduced him to the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>—which at the time was still relatively free of commercials.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyRecord_June2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyRecord_June2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, Newmark started emailing a list of upcoming events to a few friends to "cultivate a bit of community".<sup id="cite_ref-TheRinger_June2017_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheRinger_June2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other people asked to be included on the list and as members grew, so did the kinds of information on the list.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_Feb2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newmark launched craigslist.org in 1996, where people could exchange information, mostly without charge.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyRecord_June2004_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyRecord_June2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It started as a newsletter about San Francisco events.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He operated it as a <a href="/wiki/Hobby" title="Hobby">hobby</a> while continuing to work as a software engineer until 1999 when he incorporated Craigslist as a <a href="/wiki/Private_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Private company">private</a> for-profit company.<sup id="cite_ref-Gizmodo_Sept2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gizmodo_Sept2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her book <i>An Internet for the People: The Politics and Promise of craigslist</i>, Jessa Lingel described the website as "the internet ungentrified".<sup id="cite_ref-PennToday_Feb2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennToday_Feb2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, Newmark stepped down as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> and handed off the role to <a href="/wiki/Jim_Buckmaster" title="Jim Buckmaster">Jim Buckmaster</a>. Since then, Newmark has not been involved in the "day-to-day operations" of Craigslist.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, he continued to respond to Craigslist customer service inquiries, primarily dealing with <a href="/wiki/Spammers" class="mw-redirect" title="Spammers">spammers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scammers" class="mw-redirect" title="Scammers">scammers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2018_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NJ.COM_Sept2008_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ.COM_Sept2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine listed Craig Newmark as one of the 100 people shaping the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_Feb2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark serves on the board of several non-profit organizations such as <a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="CUNY Graduate School of Journalism">CUNY Graduate School of Journalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Girls_Who_Code" title="Girls Who Code">Girls Who Code</a>, and Vets in Tech, among others. He also holds roles on the advisory boards of 18 other non-profits.<sup id="cite_ref-Entrepreneur_July2019_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entrepreneur_July2019-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As far back as 2004, Newmark was using his wealth to support philanthropic causes.<sup id="cite_ref-DailyRecord_June2004b_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyRecord_June2004b-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His philanthropic interests include journalism and cybersecurity.<sup id="cite_ref-MorristownGreen_July2015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorristownGreen_July2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, he founded Craig Newmark Philanthropies<sup id="cite_ref-CraigNewmark_ForbesProfile_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CraigNewmark_ForbesProfile-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which acts as an umbrella for his other foundations,<sup id="cite_ref-ChronicleofPhilanthropy_Feb2021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChronicleofPhilanthropy_Feb2021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as his private charitable foundation, to which he contributed $50 million in 2016 to support military families, voter registration efforts, and women in technology.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2018_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Newmark's donations totaled $143 million.<sup id="cite_ref-SFGate_Feb2019_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFGate_Feb2019-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" title="The Chronicle of Philanthropy">The Chronicle of Philanthropy</a></i> ranked Newmark 17th out of 50 in its 2020 ranking of individual donors, giving a total of $100 million.<sup id="cite_ref-ChronicleofPhilanthropy_9Feb2021_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChronicleofPhilanthropy_9Feb2021-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Newmark donated $81 million through the Craig Newmark Foundation and Craig Newmark Philanthropic Fund again ranking in Chronicle of Philanthropy's top 50.<sup id="cite_ref-Focuses_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Focuses-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2022, he announced his intention to give almost all of his money to charity.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veterans">Veterans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Veterans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While consulting for the VA Office of Healthcare Innovation and Learning Newmark dubbed himself "Nerd-in-Residence” while focusing his computer science skills on the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Button" title="Blue Button">Blue Button</a> initiative, which is designed to make electronic health records, including family history, available to all veterans thereby accelerating the processing of claims, improving patient care, and saving lives.<sup id="cite_ref-GovExec_Feb2004_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovExec_Feb2004-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Craig Newmark Philanthropies announced a $2.95 million grant to <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woodruff#Bob_Woodruff_Foundation" title="Bob Woodruff">The Bob Woodruff Foundation</a>'s Got Your 6 Network. As of 2022, Craig Newmark Philanthropies reported more than $28 million in contributions to military and veteran communities, including <a href="/wiki/Military_Veterans_in_Journalism" title="Military Veterans in Journalism">Military Veterans in Journalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Memorial_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memorial-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Newmark donated $1 million to Blue Star Families.<sup id="cite_ref-BlueStarFamiles_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlueStarFamiles-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Craig Newmark Philanthropies donated $10 million to The Bob Woodruff Foundation's Got Your 6 Network at the 17th Annual <b>Stand Up for Heroes</b> fundraiser gala that will support comprehensive mental health services for veterans and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-BWF_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BWF-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Newmark pledged an additional $100 million to organizations focused on veterans and military families.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cybersecurity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2017, <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a> reported that Newmark donated $500,000 to Wikipedia's attempt at "reducing harassment and vandalism on the site and improve the tools moderators use every day to keep the peace".<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch.com_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Newmark donated $6 million to <i><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Reports" title="Consumer Reports">Consumer Reports</a></i> to fund a Digital Lab focused on consumer privacy rights and cybersecurity.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian_Jul2019_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_Jul2019-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Newmark supported the Institute for Security and Technology's anti-ransomware program;<sup id="cite_ref-CyberScoop_23June2021_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CyberScoop_23June2021-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a six-month study on misinformation and disinformation by the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a>’s Commission on Information Disorder;<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_24Mar2021_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_24Mar2021-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the establishment of the Institute for Rebooting Social Media at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_10Sept2021_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_10Sept2021-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> Journalism Trust Initiative;<sup id="cite_ref-RFI_18May2021_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI_18May2021-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provided funding to expand <a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a>'s coverage of underrepresented communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Adweek_18Mar2021_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adweek_18Mar2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Newmark committed $50 million to the Cyber Civil Defense initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-Defend_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defend-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of April 2022, approximately $30 million of this commitment had been awarded.<sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Craig Newmark Philanthropies announced it would double its donations from $50 million to $100 million for fighting cyber threats.<sup id="cite_ref-Experts_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Experts-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other donations Newmark made include: $1 million to the Global Cyber Alliance, $150,000 to <a href="/wiki/Women_in_CyberSecurity" title="Women in CyberSecurity">Women in CyberSecurity</a>, and $250,000 to the Girl Scouts for cybersecurity programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2020_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also an avid supporter of <a href="/wiki/Girls_Who_Code" title="Girls Who Code">Girls Who Code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Girlswhocode_board_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Girlswhocode_board-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-InsidePhilanthropy_May2017_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InsidePhilanthropy_May2017-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalism">Journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reported that Newmark was "readying his armoury of cash to invest in citizen journalism projects".<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_Feb2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 2016 and 2020, Newmark donated $170 million to support journalism, combating harassment of journalists, cybersecurity, and election integrity, including $1 million each to <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2018_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2018, he gave $20 million to fund the creation of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Markup" title="The Markup">The Markup</a></i>, a non-profit news organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2020_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That year, Newmark donated $1 million to <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></i> to help the magazine combat fake news.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Newmark donated $5 million to the <a href="/wiki/Shorenstein_Center_on_Media,_Politics_and_Public_Policy" title="Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy">Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark established a $20 million endowment at the <a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="CUNY Graduate School of Journalism">CUNY Graduate School of Journalism</a>, which was subsequently renamed the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2018_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" title="The Chronicle of Philanthropy">The Chronicle of Philanthropy</a></i>, Newmark's 2020 donations included $1 million to the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ChronicleofPhilanthropy_Feb2021_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChronicleofPhilanthropy_Feb2021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark gave $5 million to the <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a>, which used the funds to establish the Craig Newmark Center for Ethics and Leadership. Newmark's previous donation of $1 million to the Poynter established the Craig Newmark Journalism Ethics Chair. He also gave $10 million to <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> to establish a center for journalism ethics and security, as well as a professorship.<sup id="cite_ref-TampaBayTimes_Feb2019_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TampaBayTimes_Feb2019-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Newmark supported the establishment of the Institute for Rebooting Social Media at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_10Sept2021_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_10Sept2021-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> Journalism Trust Initiative;<sup id="cite_ref-RFI_18May2021_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI_18May2021-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provided funding to expand <a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a>'s coverage of underrepresented communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Adweek_18Mar2021_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adweek_18Mar2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022, it was estimated that Newmark had given between $180 million and $200 million for journalism and fighting disinformation.<sup id="cite_ref-Pioneer_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneer-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, Craig Newmark Philanthropies announced a $10 million dollar launch gift to the <a href="/wiki/Craig_Newmark_Graduate_School_of_Journalism_at_the_City_University_of_New_York" title="Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York">Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism</a> at the City University of New York with the aim of eventually making the school tuition-free for all of its students.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other journalistic causes Newmark has supported include: the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Public_Integrity" title="Center for Public Integrity">Center for Public Integrity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Investigative_Reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Investigative Reporting">Center for Investigative Reporting</a>, <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Poynter_August_27,_2018_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poynter_August_27,_2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Poynter Institute, <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-InsidePhilanthropy_May2017_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InsidePhilanthropy_May2017-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MorristownGreen_July2015_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorristownGreen_July2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Columbia's <a href="/wiki/Tow_Center_for_Digital_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tow Center for Digital Journalism">Tow Center for Digital Journalism</a>, The GroundTruth Project, the <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism">Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Center_for_New_Media" title="Berkeley Center for New Media">Berkeley Center for New Media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNET_Aug2018_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNET_Aug2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheRinger_June2017_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheRinger_June2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_philanthropic_activities">Other philanthropic activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other philanthropic activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, he donated $10,000 to Grow It Green Morristown for the installation of a <a href="/wiki/Composting_toilet" title="Composting toilet">composting toilet</a> at the Early Street <a href="/wiki/Community_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Garden">Community Garden</a>. The facility was named "Craig Newmark Memorial Latrine #2". The first toilet Newmark sponsored was in the City of Jericho.<sup id="cite_ref-MorristownGreen_July2015_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorristownGreen_July2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> reported that Newmark donated $10 million to charities focused on <a href="/wiki/Hunger" title="Hunger">hunger</a> issues in 2020, as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg_Oct2020_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_Oct2020-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Newmark, as of May 2021 he'd given a total of $25 million to organizations working on food security.<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonCityPaper_21May2021_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonCityPaper_21May2021-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark was among a group of prominent individuals who backed the Marshall Plan for Moms, which called on the <a href="/wiki/Biden_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden Administration">Biden Administration</a> to pass policies addressing paid family leave, training programs for women returning to work, and pay equity.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_26Feb2021_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_26Feb2021-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other examples of organizations and causes Newmark has supported include: <a href="/wiki/OneVoice_Movement" title="OneVoice Movement">OneVoice</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DailyRecord_June2004b_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyRecord_June2004b-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sunlight_Foundation" title="Sunlight Foundation">Sunlight Foundation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MorristownGreen_July2015_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorristownGreen_July2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voto_Latino" title="Voto Latino">Voto Latino</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SFChronicle_Aug2019_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFChronicle_Aug2019-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNET_Aug2018_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNET_Aug2018-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has given $100,000 to support wildlife rescue groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_Aug2020_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_Aug2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newmark has said that he is involved in pigeon rescue.<sup id="cite_ref-Focuses_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Focuses-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newmark married Eileen Whelpley in December 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-Garchik12_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garchik12-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they enjoy <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birding</a> together.<sup id="cite_ref-TheRinger_June2017_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheRinger_June2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He currently lives in New York City,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheRinger_June2017_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheRinger_June2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flies commercial,<sup id="cite_ref-Times18_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times18-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> does not own a car, and prefers using public transport.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudgard19_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudgard19-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark describes himself as a non-practicing, <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> Jew, joking that his rabbi was the singer <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KCRW_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCRW-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a fan of <a href="/wiki/Tori_Amos" title="Tori Amos">Tori Amos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KCRW_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCRW-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the TV shows <i><a href="/wiki/Pushing_Daisies" title="Pushing Daisies">Pushing Daisies</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_Oct2008_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_Oct2008-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark's net worth is estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. In April 2020, <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> estimated his net worth to be $1.3 billion but he has since dropped off its billionaires list.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview published by <a href="/wiki/Nieman_Foundation_for_Journalism" title="Nieman Foundation for Journalism">Nieman Lab</a> in 2017, he called a prior $400 million <i>Forbes</i> estimate of his net worth "bogus" and said that "by monetizing Craigslist the way I did in 1999, I probably gave away already 90 percent or more of my potential net worth."<sup id="cite_ref-Niemanlab_2017_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niemanlab_2017-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark opposed the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> and believed White House journalists “failed in their jobs” and did not "speak truth to power".<sup id="cite_ref-TheGuardian_Feb2006_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheGuardian_Feb2006-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, he was one of 60 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> donors who urged the creation of a system of public election funding.<sup id="cite_ref-UPI14_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI14-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Newmark joined with the <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> RAD Campaign and Lincoln Park Strategies to commission a poll examining user perceptions about social media conflicts during the 2016 election.<sup id="cite_ref-Adweek_May2017_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adweek_May2017-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Newmark supported <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s election campaign in 2008, volunteering for him on the campaign trail as an "official technology surrogate" and praising his use of technology to promote <a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">grassroots democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Observer_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observer-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2020 election, Newmark supported <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s campaign, citing his "commitment to fighting <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>" and "record of standing up for our veterans".<sup id="cite_ref-Tindera20_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tindera20-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harris_Feb2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_Feb2006_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Paul (February 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/feb/19/news.theobserver1">"The nerd who became a crusader"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Craig+Newmark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fcraig-newmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Newmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niemanlab_2017-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Niemanlab_2017_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoctor2017" class="citation web cs1">Doctor, Ken (February 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/02/newsonomics-craig-newmark-journalisms-new-six-million-dollar-man/">"Newsonomics: Craig Newmark, journalism's new Six Million Dollar Man"</a>. <i>Nieman Lab</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+nerd+who+became+a+crusader&rft.date=2006-02-18&rft.au=Paul+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2006%2Ffeb%2F19%2Fnews.theobserver1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Newmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPI14-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UPI14_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Major-Democratic-donors-press-Congress-for-campaign-finance-reform/64881391791192/?spt=su">"Major Democratic donors press Congress for campaign finance reform"</a>. <i>United Press International</i>. February 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Major+Democratic+donors+press+Congress+for+campaign+finance+reform&rft.date=2014-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FMajor-Democratic-donors-press-Congress-for-campaign-finance-reform%2F64881391791192%2F%3Fspt%3Dsu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Newmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adweek_May2017-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adweek_May2017_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandy_Shaul2016" class="citation web cs1">Brandy Shaul (May 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adweek.com/digital/poll-57-of-americans-feel-trump-supporters-have-very-aggressive-online-behavior/">"Poll: 57% of Americans Feel Trump Supporters Have 'Very Aggressive' Online Behavior"</a>. <i>Adweek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Observer&rft.atitle=Craig+Newmark%2C+Tech+Genius%2C+Is+an+Obama+Man&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft.aulast=Reagan&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobserver.com%2F2008%2F10%2Fcraig-newmark-tech-genius-is-an-obama-man%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Newmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tindera20-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tindera20_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichela_Tindera2020" class="citation news cs1">Michela Tindera (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelatindera/2020/05/29/biden-extends-lead-over-trump-in-race-for-billionaire-donors/?sh=46b785845596">"Biden Extends Lead Over Trump In Race For Billionaire Donors"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Biden+Extends+Lead+Over+Trump+In+Race+For+Billionaire+Donors&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.au=Michela+Tindera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmichelatindera%2F2020%2F05%2F29%2Fbiden-extends-lead-over-trump-in-race-for-billionaire-donors%2F%3Fsh%3D46b785845596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Newmark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Usborne, Ryan (November 23, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/entrepreneur-taps-mistrust-of-media-for-new-venture-516533.html">"Entrepreneur taps mistrust of media for new venture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Entrepreneur+taps+mistrust+of+media+for+new+venture&rft.date=2005-11-23&rft.aulast=Usborne&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fentrepreneur-taps-mistrust-of-media-for-new-venture-516533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Newmark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">Tingle, Greg (November 24, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaman.com.au/interviews/newmark.html">"Interview with Craig Newmark"</a>. Media Man<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Craig+Newmark&rft.date=2003-11-24&rft.aulast=Tingle&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaman.com.au%2Finterviews%2Fnewmark.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACraig+Newmark" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Newmark&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Craig_Newmark" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Craig Newmark">Craig Newmark</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Craig_Newmark" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Craig Newmark">Craig Newmark</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://craignewmarkphilanthropies.org/">Craig Newmark Philanthropies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061125194556/http://www.cnewmark.com/">craigblog</a>, Craig Newmark's personal blog</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1019792">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/6109">Craig Newmark</a> on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)"><i>Charlie Rose</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Internet Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Internet Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Hall_of_Fame" title="Internet Hall of Fame">Internet Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pioneers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pioneers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Cohen_(computer_scientist)" title="Danny Cohen (computer scientist)">Danny Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Crocker" title="Steve Crocker">Steve Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_J._Feinler" title="Elizabeth J. Feinler">Elizabeth J. Feinler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Herzfeld" title="Charles M. Herzfeld">Charles Herzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Kahn (computer scientist)">Robert Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_T._Kirstein" title="Peter T. Kirstein">Peter T. Kirstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Klensin" title="John Klensin">John Klensin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Postel" title="Jon Postel">Jon Postel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pouzin" title="Louis Pouzin">Louis Pouzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Roberts_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Roberts (scientist)">Lawrence Roberts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Clark" title="David D. Clark">David Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Farber" title="David J. Farber">David Farber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Frank_(network_engineer)" title="Howard Frank (network engineer)">Howard Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanchana_Kanchanasut" title="Kanchana Kanchanasut">Kanchana Kanchanasut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider" title="J. C. R. Licklider">J. C. R. Licklider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Bob Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Murai" title="Jun Murai">Jun Murai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kees_Neggers" title="Kees Neggers">Kees Neggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nii_Quaynor" title="Nii Quaynor">Nii Quaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Ricart" title="Glenn Ricart">Glenn Ricart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Taylor_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Taylor (computer scientist)">Robert Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wolff" title="Stephen Wolff">Stephen Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Zorn" title="Werner Zorn">Werner Zorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Estrada" title="Susan Estrada">Susan Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Heart" title="Frank Heart">Frank Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jennings_(Internet_pioneer)" title="Dennis Jennings (Internet pioneer)">Dennis Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Nordhagen_(physicist)" title="Rolf Nordhagen (physicist)">Rolf Nordhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Global_connectors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Global connectors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Bush_(scientist)" title="Randy Bush (scientist)">Randy Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilnam_Chon" title="Kilnam Chon">Kilnam Chon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Hafkin" title="Nancy Hafkin">Nancy Hafkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Huston_(scientist)" title="Geoff Huston (scientist)">Geoff Huston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Kahle" title="Brewster Kahle">Brewster Kahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Karrenberg" title="Daniel Karrenberg">Daniel Karrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru_Takahashi_(Internet)" title="Toru Takahashi (Internet)">Toru Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Tin_Wee" title="Tan Tin Wee">Tan Tin Wee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Banks" title="Karen Banks">Karen Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gihan_Dias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gihan Dias (page does not exist)">Gihan Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anriette_Esterhuysen" title="Anriette Esterhuysen">Anriette Esterhuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Goldstein_(NSF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Goldstein (NSF) (page does not exist)">Steve Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teus_Hagen" title="Teus Hagen">Teus Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Holz" title="Ida Holz">Ida Holz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Qiheng" title="Hu Qiheng">Qiheng Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruhisa_Ishida" title="Haruhisa Ishida">Haruhisa Ishida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Leiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Leiner (page does not exist)">Barry Leiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sadowsky" title="George Sadowsky">George Sadowsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dai_Davies_(internet_pioneer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dai Davies (internet pioneer) (page does not exist)">Dai Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demi_Getschko" title="Demi Getschko">Demi Getschko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masaki_Hirabaru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masaki Hirabaru (page does not exist)">Masaki Hirabaru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_Huizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik Huizer (page does not exist)">Erik Huizer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Huter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Huter (page does not exist)">Steve Huter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhaya_Induruwa" title="Abhaya Induruwa">Abhaya Induruwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas_Muthoni" title="Dorcas Muthoni">Dorcas Muthoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabir_Pun" title="Mahabir Pun">Mahabir Pun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Srinivasan_Ramani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srinivasan Ramani (page does not exist)">Srinivasan Ramani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Roberts_(internet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Roberts (internet) (page does not exist)">Michael Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Segal_(computer_scientist)" title="Ben Segal (computer scientist)">Ben Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Van_Houweling" title="Douglas Van Houweling">Douglas Van Houweling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabil_Bukhalid" title="Nabil Bukhalid">Nabil Bukhalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Fuchs" title="Ira Fuchs">Ira Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shigeki_Goto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shigeki Goto (page does not exist)">Shigeki Goto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Jensen_(internet_pioneer)" title="Mike Jensen (internet pioneer)">Mike Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ermanno_Pietrosemoli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ermanno Pietrosemoli (page does not exist)">Ermanno Pietrosemoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadao_Takahashi" title="Tadao Takahashi">Tadao Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florencio_Utreras" title="Florencio Utreras">Florencio Utreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Jianping" title="Wu Jianping">Wu Jianping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Innovators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Innovators</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Baker" title="Mitchell Baker">Mitchell Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cailliau" title="Robert Cailliau">Robert Cailliau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Jacobson" title="Van Jacobson">Van Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Landweber" title="Lawrence Landweber">Lawrence Landweber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mockapetris" title="Paul Mockapetris">Paul Mockapetris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Craig Newmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Tomlinson" title="Ray Tomlinson">Ray Tomlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Zimmermann" title="Phil Zimmermann">Phil Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Perry_Barlow" title="John Perry Barlow">John Perry Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fl%C3%BCckiger" title="François Flückiger">François Flückiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kent_(network_security)" title="Stephen Kent (network security)">Stephen Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Eklund_L%C3%B6winder" title="Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder">Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Schulzrinne" title="Henning Schulzrinne">Henning Schulzrinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allman" title="Eric Allman">Eric Allman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Bina" title="Eric Bina">Eric Bina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Brandenburg" title="Karlheinz Brandenburg">Karlheinz Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cioffi" title="John Cioffi">John Cioffi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hualin_Qian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hualin Qian (page does not exist)">Hualin Qian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Vixie" title="Paul Vixie">Paul Vixie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaap_Akkerhuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaap Akkerhuis (page does not exist)">Jaap Akkerhuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Andres" title="Yvonne Andres">Yvonne Marie Andres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Emtage" title="Alan Emtage">Alan Emtage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Krol" title="Ed Krol">Ed Krol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_LaQuey_Parker" title="Tracy LaQuey Parker">Tracy LaQuey Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Partridge" title="Craig Partridge">Craig Partridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inductees_since_2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees since 2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiel_Akplogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adiel Akplogan (page does not exist)">Adiel Akplogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KC_Claffy" title="KC Claffy">Kimberly Claffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Comer" title="Douglas Comer">Douglas Comer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elise_Gerich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elise Gerich (page does not exist)">Elise Gerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Irving" title="Larry Irving">Larry Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Lynch" title="Daniel C. Lynch">Dan Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Armour_Polly" title="Jean Armour Polly">Jean Armour Polly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Soriano_(internet_pioneer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Soriano (internet pioneer) (page does not exist)">José Soriano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Stanton_(computer_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Stanton (computer scientist) (page does not exist)">Michael Stanton</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stanton" class="extiw" title="pt:Michael Stanton">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaas_Wierenga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaas Wierenga (page does not exist)">Klaas Wierenga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suguru_Yamaguchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suguru Yamaguchi (page does not exist)">Suguru Yamaguchi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E8%8B%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:山口英">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Afonso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Afonso (page does not exist)">Carlos Afonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Blokzijl" title="Rob Blokzijl">Rob Blokzijl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Werner_Braun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Werner Braun (page does not exist)">Hans-Werner Braun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Werner_Braun" class="extiw" title="de:Hans-Werner Braun">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frode_Greisen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frode Greisen (page does not exist)">Frode Greisen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Gruntorad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Gruntorad (page does not exist)">Jan Gruntorad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Hahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saul Hahn (page does not exist)">Saul Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Hubbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Hubbard (page does not exist)">Kim Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Ibarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafael Ibarra (page does not exist)">Rafael Ibarra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xing_Li_(computer_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xing Li (computer scientist) (page does not exist)">Xing Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvar_G._Lundh" title="Yngvar G. Lundh">Yngvar Lundh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kaminsky" title="Dan Kaminsky">Dan Kaminsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DaeYoung_Kim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DaeYoung Kim (page does not exist)">DaeYoung Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Klingenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Klingenstein (page does not exist)">Kenneth Klingenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alejandro_Pisanty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alejandro Pisanty (page does not exist)">Alejandro Pisanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Rekhter" title="Yakov Rekhter">Yakov Rekhter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Smith_(network_engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Smith (network engineer) (page does not exist)">Philip Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A5l_Spilling" title="Pål Spilling">Pål Spilling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liane_Tarouco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liane Tarouco (page does not exist)">Liane Tarouco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liane_Margarida_Rockenbach_Tarouco" class="extiw" title="pt:Liane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Travers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Travers (page does not exist)">Virginia Travers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Varghese" title="George Varghese">George Varghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixia_Zhang" title="Lixia Zhang">Lixia Zhang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhay_Bhushan" title="Abhay Bhushan">Abhay Bhushan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Breeden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Breeden (page does not exist)">Laura Breeden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Moura_Campos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Moura Campos (page does not exist)">Ivan Moura Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Cisler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Cisler (page does not exist)">Steve Cisler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Eckersley_(computer_scientist)" title="Peter Eckersley (computer scientist)">Peter Eckersley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmut_Richard_Glaser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmut Richard Glaser (page does not exist)">Hartmut Richard Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_S._Lam" title="Simon S. Lam">Simon S. Lam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Schrader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Schrader (page does not exist)">William Schrader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_de_T%C3%A9ramond_Peralta" title="Guy de Téramond Peralta">Guy de Téramond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974541#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974541#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974541#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4301159279144908160008">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjGBP6tfXPKM9kQH6mpvBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1212147642">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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