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href="#Late_Indian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Late Indian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Indian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_in_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_in_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Life in India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_in_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eschatology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eschatology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eschatology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eschatology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation,_education,_and_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation,_education,_and_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Translation, education, and schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation,_education,_and_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artefacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artefacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Artefacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artefacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Carey (missionary)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="وليام كاري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليام كاري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="উইলিয়াম কেরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম কেরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey_(missionnaire)" title="William Carey (missionnaire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Carey (missionnaire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%BA%90%EB%A6%AC" title="윌리엄 캐리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 캐리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80)" title="विलियम कैरी (मिशनरी) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम कैरी (मिशनरी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey_(missionario)" title="William Carey (missionario) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Carey (missionario)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_(%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97)" title="ವಿಲ್ಲಿಯಮ್ ಕ್ಯಾರಿ (ಧರ್ಮಪ್ರಚಾರಕ ನಿಯೋಗ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲ್ಲಿಯಮ್ ಕ್ಯಾರಿ (ಧರ್ಮಪ್ರಚಾರಕ ನಿಯೋಗ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Carey" title="Gulielmus Carey – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Carey" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="विल्यम केरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्यम केरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="وليام كارى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام كارى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC_(%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB)" title="ウィリアム・ケアリー (宣教師) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ケアリー (宣教師)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey_(misjon%C3%A6r)" title="William Carey (misjonær) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Carey (misjonær)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80)" title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਕੇਰੀ (ਮਿਸ਼ਨਰੀ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਕੇਰੀ (ਮਿਸ਼ਨਰੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ولیم کیری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم کیری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Кэри, Уильям (миссионер) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кэри, Уильям (миссионер)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey" title="William Carey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Carey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="வில்லியம் கேரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம் கேரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87" title="విలియం కెరే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విలియం కెరే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="วิลเลียม แครีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลเลียม แครีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carey_(Misyoner)" title="William Carey (Misyoner) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Carey (Misyoner)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ولیم کیری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم کیری" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">The Reverend</a></div><div class="fn">William Carey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Carey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/William_Carey.jpg/220px-William_Carey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/William_Carey.jpg/330px-William_Carey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/William_Carey.jpg/440px-William_Carey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1523" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Carey, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1887</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1761-08-17</span>)</span>17 August 1761<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Paulerspury" title="Paulerspury">Paulerspury</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 1834<span style="display:none">(1834-06-09)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Serampore</a>, Bengal Presidency, British India</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_William_Carey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Signature_of_William_Carey.jpg/150px-Signature_of_William_Carey.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Signature_of_William_Carey.jpg/225px-Signature_of_William_Carey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Signature_of_William_Carey.jpg/300px-Signature_of_William_Carey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Carey</b> (17 August 1761 – 9 June 1834) was an English Christian <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Particular_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Particular Baptist">Particular Baptist</a> minister, translator, social reformer and cultural anthropologist who founded the <a href="/wiki/Serampore_College" title="Serampore College">Serampore College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Serampore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Serampore University">Serampore University</a>, the first degree-awarding university in India<sup id="cite_ref-Mangalwadi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mangalwadi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cofounded the <a href="/wiki/Serampore_Mission_Press" title="Serampore Mission Press">Serampore Mission Press</a>. </p><p>He went to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta (Kolkata)</a> in 1793, but was forced to leave the British Indian territory by non-Baptist Christian missionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-brit1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the <a href="/wiki/BMS_World_Mission" title="BMS World Mission">Baptist missionaries</a> in the Danish colony of <a href="/wiki/Frederiksnagore" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederiksnagore">Frederiksnagore</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Serampore</a>. One of his first contributions was to start schools for impoverished children where they were taught reading, writing, accounting and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-riddick_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riddick-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He opened the first <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Serampore</a> offering divinity degrees,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and campaigned to end the practice of <a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">sati</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sharma_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carey is known as the "father of modern missions."<sup id="cite_ref-Gonzalez,_Justo_L_p._306_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzalez,_Justo_L_p._306-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His essay, <i>An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens</i>, led to the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Missionary Society">Baptist Missionary Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brit1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society" title="The Asiatic Society">The Asiatic Society</a> commended Carey for "his eminent services in opening the stores of Indian literature to the knowledge of Europe and for his extensive acquaintance with the science, the natural history and botany of this country and his useful contributions, in every branch."<sup id="cite_ref-thomas_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He translated the Hindu classic, the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, into English,<sup id="cite_ref-kopf_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Bible into <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Odia_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia Language">Oriya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assamese_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Assamese Language">Assamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brit1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Carey has been called a reformer and illustrious Christian missionary.<sup id="cite_ref-Mangalwadi_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mangalwadi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bkp2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkp2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vr1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vr1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attempt_Great_Things_for_God_-_Expect_Great_Things_from_God.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Attempt_Great_Things_for_God_-_Expect_Great_Things_from_God.JPG/220px-Attempt_Great_Things_for_God_-_Expect_Great_Things_from_God.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Attempt_Great_Things_for_God_-_Expect_Great_Things_from_God.JPG/330px-Attempt_Great_Things_for_God_-_Expect_Great_Things_from_God.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Attempt_Great_Things_for_God_-_Expect_Great_Things_from_God.JPG/440px-Attempt_Great_Things_for_God_-_Expect_Great_Things_from_God.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2748" /></a><figcaption>William Carey's motto on a hanging in St James' Church, <a href="/wiki/Paulerspury" title="Paulerspury">Paulerspury</a>, Northamptonshire, which he attended as a boy</figcaption></figure> <p>William Carey, the oldest of five children, was born to Edmund and Elizabeth Carey, who were <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weavers</a> by trade, in the hamlet of <a href="/wiki/Pury_End" title="Pury End">Pury End</a> in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Paulerspury" title="Paulerspury">Paulerspury</a>, Northamptonshire.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William was raised in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>; when he was six, his father was appointed the parish clerk and village schoolmaster. As a child he was inquisitive and keenly interested in the <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>. He possessed a natural gift for language, teaching himself <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. </p><p>At the age of 14, Carey's father apprenticed him to a <a href="/wiki/Cordwainer" title="Cordwainer">cordwainer</a> in the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Piddington,_Northamptonshire" title="Piddington, Northamptonshire">Piddington, Northamptonshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His master, Clarke Nichols, was a churchman like himself, but another apprentice, John Warr, was a <a href="/wiki/Dissenter" title="Dissenter">Dissenter</a>. Through his influence Carey would leave the Church of England and join with other Dissenters to form a small <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational church</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Hackleton" title="Hackleton">Hackleton</a>. While apprenticed to Nichols, he also taught himself <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> with the help of Thomas Jones, a local weaver who had received a classical education. </p><p>When Nichols died in 1779, Carey went to work for the local shoemaker, Thomas Old; he married Old's sister-in-law Dorothy Plackett in 1781 in the Church of St John the Baptist, Piddington. Unlike William, Dorothy was illiterate; her signature in the marriage register is a crude cross. William and Dorothy Carey had seven children, five sons and two daughters; both girls died in infancy, as did son Peter, who died at the age of 5. Thomas Old himself died soon afterward, and Carey took over his business, during which time he taught himself <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, Italian, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, and French, often reading while working on the shoes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Carey acknowledged his humble origins and referred to himself as a <a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">cobbler</a>. John Brown Myers titled his biography of Carey <i>William Carey the Shoemaker Who Became the Father and Founder of Modern Missions</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_of_the_Baptist_Missionary_Society">Founding of the Baptist Missionary Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding of the Baptist Missionary Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_from_Hanging_in_Carey_Baptist_Church_-_Moulton_-_Northamptonshire.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Detail_from_Hanging_in_Carey_Baptist_Church_-_Moulton_-_Northamptonshire.JPG/220px-Detail_from_Hanging_in_Carey_Baptist_Church_-_Moulton_-_Northamptonshire.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Detail_from_Hanging_in_Carey_Baptist_Church_-_Moulton_-_Northamptonshire.JPG/330px-Detail_from_Hanging_in_Carey_Baptist_Church_-_Moulton_-_Northamptonshire.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Detail_from_Hanging_in_Carey_Baptist_Church_-_Moulton_-_Northamptonshire.JPG/440px-Detail_from_Hanging_in_Carey_Baptist_Church_-_Moulton_-_Northamptonshire.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2748" /></a><figcaption>Detail from wall hanging depicting Carey's life, in Carey Baptist Church, Moulton, Northamptonshire</figcaption></figure> <p>Carey became involved with a local association of <a href="/wiki/Strict_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Strict Baptist">Particular Baptists</a> that had recently formed, where he became acquainted with men such as <a href="/wiki/John_Ryland" title="John Ryland">John Ryland</a>, John Sutcliff, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fuller" title="Andrew Fuller">Andrew Fuller</a>, who would become his close friends in later years. They invited him to preach in their church in the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Earls_Barton" title="Earls Barton">Earls Barton</a> every other Sunday. On 5 October 1783, William Carey was <a href="/wiki/Baptism#Baptist" title="Baptism">baptised</a> by Ryland and committed himself to the Baptist denomination. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W_H_Carey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/W_H_Carey.jpg/220px-W_H_Carey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/W_H_Carey.jpg/330px-W_H_Carey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/W_H_Carey.jpg/440px-W_H_Carey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Portrait sketch by <a href="/wiki/Colesworthey_Grant" title="Colesworthey Grant">Colesworthey Grant</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1785, Carey was appointed the schoolmaster for the village of <a href="/wiki/Moulton,_Northamptonshire" title="Moulton, Northamptonshire">Moulton</a>. He was also invited to serve as pastor to the local Baptist church. During this time he read <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a>' <i>Account of the Life of the Late Rev. <a href="/wiki/David_Brainerd" title="David Brainerd">David Brainerd</a></i> and the journals of the explorer <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>, and became concerned with propagating the Christian <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> throughout the world. <a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_(missionary)#Legacy" title="John Eliot (missionary)">John Eliot</a> (c. 1604 – 21 May 1690), Puritan missionary in New England, and David Brainerd (1718–47) became the "canonized heroes" and "enkindlers" of Carey.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1789 Carey, became the full-time pastor of Harvey Lane Baptist Church in <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>. Three years later, in 1792, he published his groundbreaking missionary manifesto, <i>An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens</i>. This short book consists of five parts. The first part is a theological justification for missionary activity, arguing that the command of Jesus to make disciples of all the world (<a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:18" title="Matthew 28:18">Matthew 28:18</a>-<a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:20" title="Matthew 28:20">20</a>) remains binding on Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-ENQ_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENQ-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second part outlines a history of missionary activity, beginning with the early Church and ending with David Brainerd and <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ENQ_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENQ-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part 3 comprises 26 pages of tables, listing area, population, and religion statistics for every country in the world. Carey had compiled these figures during his years as a schoolteacher. The fourth part answers objections to sending missionaries, such as difficulty learning the language or danger to life. Finally, the fifth part calls for the formation by the Baptist denomination of a missionary society and describes the practical means by which it could be supported. Carey's seminal pamphlet outlines his basis for missions: Christian obligation, wise use of available resources, and accurate information.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> Carey later preached a pro-missionary sermon (the <a href="/wiki/Deathless_Sermon" title="Deathless Sermon">Deathless Sermon</a>), using <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_54" title="Isaiah 54">Isaiah 54</a>:2–3 as his text, in which he repeatedly used the epigram which has become his most famous quotation: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Expect great things from God; attempt great things for God.</p></blockquote> <p>Carey finally overcame the resistance to missionary effort, and the Particular Baptist Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Amongst the Heathen (subsequently the Baptist Missionary Society and since 2000 <a href="/wiki/BMS_World_Mission" title="BMS World Mission">BMS World Mission</a>) was founded in October 1792, including Carey, Andrew Fuller, John Ryland, and John Sutcliff as charter members. They then concerned themselves with practical matters such as raising funds, as well as deciding where they would direct their efforts. A medical missionary, Dr John Thomas, had been in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> and was in England raising funds; they agreed to support him and that Carey would accompany him to India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missionary_life_in_India">Missionary life in India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Missionary life in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_William_Carey,_India,_ca._1920_(IMP-CSCNWW33-OS15-65).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Grave_of_William_Carey%2C_India%2C_ca._1920_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS15-65%29.jpg/220px-Grave_of_William_Carey%2C_India%2C_ca._1920_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS15-65%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Grave_of_William_Carey%2C_India%2C_ca._1920_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS15-65%29.jpg/330px-Grave_of_William_Carey%2C_India%2C_ca._1920_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS15-65%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Grave_of_William_Carey%2C_India%2C_ca._1920_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS15-65%29.jpg/440px-Grave_of_William_Carey%2C_India%2C_ca._1920_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS15-65%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="3741" /></a><figcaption>This black-and-white <a href="/wiki/Lantern_slide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantern slide">lantern slide</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span> shows the grave at Serampore of William Carey and his second wife Charlotte Emilia Carey (1761–1821) and third wife Grace Carey (d. 1835).</figcaption></figure> <p>Carey, his eldest son Felix, Thomas and his wife and daughter sailed from London aboard a British ship in April 1793. Dorothy Carey had refused to leave England, being pregnant with their fourth son and having never been more than a few miles from home; but before they left they asked her again to come with them and she gave consent, with the knowledge that her sister Kitty would help her give birth. En route they were delayed at the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, at which time the captain of the ship received word that he endangered his command if he conveyed the missionaries to Calcutta, as their unauthorised journey violated the trade monopoly of the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>. He decided to sail without them, and they were delayed until June when Thomas found a Danish captain willing to offer them passage. In the meantime, Carey's wife, who had by now given birth, agreed to accompany him provided her sister came as well. They landed at <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> in November.<sup id="cite_ref-notefrom_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notefrom-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first year in Calcutta, the missionaries sought means to <a href="/wiki/Tentmaking" title="Tentmaking">support themselves</a> and a place to establish their mission. They also began to learn the Bengali language to communicate with others. A friend of Thomas owned two <a href="/wiki/Indigo_dye" title="Indigo dye">indigo</a> <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">factories</a> and needed managers, so Carey moved with his family west to <a href="/wiki/Midnapore" title="Midnapore">Midnapore</a>. During the six years that Carey managed the indigo plant, he completed the first revision of his Bengali <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> and began formulating the principles upon which his missionary community would be formed, including communal living, financial self-reliance, and the training of indigenous ministers. His son Peter died of <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>, which, along with other causes of stress, resulted in Dorothy suffering a <a href="/wiki/Nervous_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervous breakdown">nervous breakdown</a> from which she never recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-notefrom_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notefrom-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the missionary society had begun sending more missionaries to India. The first to arrive was John Fountain, who arrived in Midnapore and began teaching. He was followed by <a href="/wiki/William_Ward_(missionary)" title="William Ward (missionary)">William Ward</a>, a printer; <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Marshman" title="Joshua Marshman">Joshua Marshman</a>, a schoolteacher; David Brunsdon, one of Marshman's students; and William Grant, who died three weeks after his arrival. Because the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> was still hostile to missionaries, they settled in the <a href="/wiki/Danish_India" title="Danish India">Danish colony</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Serampore</a> and were joined there by Carey on 10 January 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-notefrom_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notefrom-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Indian_period">Late Indian period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Late Indian period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carey_House_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0903.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Carey_House_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0903.JPG/220px-Carey_House_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0903.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Carey_House_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0903.JPG/330px-Carey_House_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0903.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Carey_House_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0903.JPG/440px-Carey_House_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0903.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Carey lived at the Serampore College.</figcaption></figure> <p>Once settled in <a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Serampore</a>, the mission bought a house large enough to accommodate all of their families and a school, which was to be their principal means of support. Ward set up a print shop with a secondhand press Carey had acquired and began the task of printing the Bible in Bengali. In August 1800 Fountain died of dysentery.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of that year, the mission had their first convert, a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> named <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Pal" title="Krishna Pal">Krishna Pal</a>. They had also earned the goodwill of the local Danish government and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Richard Wellesley</a>, then Governor-General of India. </p><p>In May 1799 <a href="/wiki/William_Ward_(missionary)" title="William Ward (missionary)">William Ward</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Marshman" title="Hannah Marshman">Hannah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Marshman" title="Joshua Marshman">Joshua Marshman</a> arrived from England and joined Carey in his work.<sup id="cite_ref-WCU_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCU-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three men became known as the <a href="/wiki/Serampore_trio" class="mw-redirect" title="Serampore trio">Serampore trio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conversion of <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> to Christianity posed a new question for the missionaries concerning whether it was appropriate for converts to retain their <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>. In 1802, the daughter of Krishna Pal, a <a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Sudra</a>, married a <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a>. This wedding was a public demonstration that the church repudiated the caste distinctions. </p><p>Brunsdon and Thomas died in 1801. The same year, the Governor-General founded <a href="/wiki/Fort_William_College" title="Fort William College">Fort William College</a>, a college intended to educate civil servants. He offered Carey the position of professor of Bengali. Carey's colleagues at the college included <a href="/wiki/Pundit_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundit (India)">pundits</a>, whom he could consult to correct his Bengali testament. One of his colleagues was <a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan</a> who taught him the Sanskrit language.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Tarkalankar was not born or was just a young child when Carey taught at Fort William! (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also wrote grammars of Bengali and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, and began a translation of the Bible into Sanskrit. He also used his influence with the Governor-General to help put a stop to the practices of infant sacrifice and <a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">suttee</a>, after consulting with the pundits and determining that they had no basis in the Hindu sacred writings (although the latter would not be abolished until 1829). </p><p>Dorothy Carey died in 1807.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to her debilitating mental breakdown, she had long since ceased to be an able member of the mission, and her condition was an additional burden to it. John Marshman wrote how Carey worked away on his studies and translations, "…while an insane wife, frequently wrought up to a state of most distressing excitement, was in the next room…". </p><p>Several friends and colleagues had urged William to commit Dorothy to an asylum. But he recoiled at the thought of the treatment she might receive in such a place and took the responsibility to keep her within the family home, even though the children were exposed to her rages.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1808 Carey remarried. His new wife Charlotte Rhumohr, a <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> member of his church was, unlike Dorothy, Carey's intellectual equal. They were married for 13 years until her death. </p><p>From the printing press at the mission came translations of the Bible in Bengali, Sanskrit, and other major languages and dialects. Many of these languages had never been printed before; William Ward had to create <a href="/wiki/Punchcutting" title="Punchcutting">punches</a> for the type by hand. Carey had begun translating literature and sacred writings from the original Sanskrit into English to make them accessible to his own countryman. On 11 March 1812, a fire in the print shop caused £10,000 in damages and lost work. Among the losses were many irreplaceable manuscripts, including much of Carey's translation of Sanskrit literature and a polyglot dictionary of Sanskrit and related languages, which would have been a seminal <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philological</a> work had it been completed. However, the press itself and the punches were saved, and the mission was able to continue printing in six months. In Carey's lifetime, the mission printed and distributed the Bible in whole or part in 44 languages and dialects. </p><p>Also, in 1812, <a href="/wiki/Adoniram_Judson" title="Adoniram Judson">Adoniram Judson</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational</a> missionary en route to India, studied the scriptures on baptism in preparation for a meeting with Carey. His studies led him to become a Baptist. Carey's urging of American Baptists to take over support for Judson's mission, led to the foundation in 1814 of the first American Baptist Mission board, the <i>General Missionary Convention of the Baptist Denomination in the United States of America for Foreign Missions</i>, later commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Triennial_Convention" title="Triennial Convention">Triennial Convention</a>. Most American Baptist denominations of today are directly or indirectly descended from this convention. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SeramporeCollege.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/SeramporeCollege.jpg/220px-SeramporeCollege.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/SeramporeCollege.jpg/330px-SeramporeCollege.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/SeramporeCollege.jpg/440px-SeramporeCollege.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>Serampore College</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1818, the mission founded <a href="/wiki/Serampore_College" title="Serampore College">Serampore College</a> to train indigenous ministers for the growing church and to provide education in the arts and sciences to anyone regardless of caste or country. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VI of Denmark">Frederick VI</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Denmark">King of Denmark</a>, granted a royal charter in 1827 that made the college a degree-granting institution, the first in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1820 Carey founded the <a href="/wiki/Agri_Horticultural_Society_of_India" title="Agri Horticultural Society of India">Agri Horticultural Society of India</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alipore" title="Alipore">Alipore</a>, Calcutta, supporting his enthusiasm for botany. When <a href="/wiki/William_Roxburgh" title="William Roxburgh">William Roxburgh</a> went on leave, Carey was entrusted to maintain the Botanical Garden at Calcutta. The genus <i><a href="/wiki/Careya" title="Careya">Careya</a></i> was named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1213917922">.mw-parser-output .botanist-bordered{border:0 solid #ddd;border-width:2px 0;padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .botanist .nickname{font-weight:bold}</style></p><div class="metadata botanist-bordered"><span class="botanist">The standard <a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(A)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (A)">author abbreviation</a> <span class="vcard"><span class="fn n"><span class="nickname">Carey</span></span></span> is used to indicate this person as the author when <a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">citing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">botanical name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div> <p>Carey's second wife, Charlotte, died in 1821, followed by his eldest son Felix. In 1823 he married a third time, to a widow named Grace Hughes. </p><p>Internal dissent and resentment was growing within the Missionary Society as its numbers grew, the older missionaries died, and they were replaced by less experienced men. Some new missionaries arrived who were not willing to live in the communal fashion that had developed, one going so far as to demand "a separate house, stable and servants." Unused to the rigorous work ethic of Carey, Ward, and Marshman, the new missionaries thought their seniors - particularly Marshman - to be dictatorial, assigning them work not to their liking. </p><p>Andrew Fuller, who had been secretary of the Society in England, had died in 1815, and his successor, John Dyer, was a bureaucrat who attempted to reorganise the Society along business lines and manage every detail of the Serampore mission from England. Their differences proved to be irreconcilable, and Carey formally severed ties with the missionary society he had founded, leaving the mission property and moving onto the college grounds. He lived a quiet life until his death in 1834, revising his Bengali Bible, preaching, and teaching students. The couch on which he died, on 9 June 1834, is now housed at <a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Regent's Park College">Regent's Park College</a>, the Baptist <a href="/wiki/Permanent_private_hall" title="Permanent private hall">hall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_in_India">Life in India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of what is known about Carey's activities in <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">India</a> is from missionary reports sent back home. Historians such as Comaroffs, Thorne, Van der Veer and Brian Pennington note that the representation of India in these reports must be examined in their context and with care for its evangelical and colonial ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-bkp2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkp2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reports by Carey were conditioned by his background, personal factors and his own religious beliefs. The polemic notes and observations of Carey, and his colleague William Ward, were in a community suffering from <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemics</a>, and they constructed a view of the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">culture of India</a> and Hinduism in light of their missionary goals.<sup id="cite_ref-bkp2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkp2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These reports were by those who had declared their conviction in foreign missionary work, and the letters describe experiences of foreigners who were resented by both the Indian populace as well as European officials and competing Christian groups. Their accounts of culture and Hinduism were forged in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> that was physically, politically and spiritually difficult to preach in.<sup id="cite_ref-bkp2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkp2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pennington summarises the accounts reported by Carey and his colleagues as follows, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Plagued with anxieties and fears about their own health, regularly reminded of colleagues who had lost their lives or reason, uncertain of their own social location, and preaching to crowds whose reactions ranged from indifference to amusement to hostility, missionaries found expression for their darker misgivings in their production of what is surely part of their speckled legacy: a fabricated Hinduism crazed by blood-lust and devoted to the service of devils.<sup id="cite_ref-bkp2_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkp2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Carey recommended that his fellow <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indians</a> learn and interpret Sanskrit in a manner "compatible with colonial aims",<sup id="cite_ref-sn1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writing that "to gain the ear of those who are thus deceived, it is necessary for them to believe that the speaker has a superior knowledge of the subject. In these circumstances, knowledge of Sanskrit is valuable."<sup id="cite_ref-sn1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Indian historian V. Rao, Carey lacked tolerance, understanding and respect for Indian culture, with him describing <a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Indian music</a> as "disgusting" and bringing to mind practices "dishonorable" to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>. Such attitudes affected the literature authored by Carey and his colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-vr1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vr1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_history">Family history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biographies of Carey, such as those by F. D. Walker<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and J. B. Myers, only allude to Carey's distress caused by the mental illness and subsequent breakdown suffered by his wife, Dorothy, in the early years of their ministry in India. More recently, Beck's biography of Dorothy Carey paints a more detailed picture: William Carey uprooted his family from all that was familiar and sought to settle them in one of the most unlikely and difficult cultures in the world for an uneducated 18th-century British <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working-class</a> woman. Faced with enormous difficulties in adjusting to all this change, she failed to make the adjustment emotionally and ultimately, mentally, and her husband seemed unable to help her.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck,_James_R._1992_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck,_James_R._1992-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carey even wrote to his sisters in England on 5 October 1795, "I have been for some time past in danger of losing my life. Jealousy is the great evil that haunts her mind."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dorothy's mental breakdown ("at the same time William Carey was baptizing his first Indian convert and his son Felix, his wife was forcefully confined to her room, raving with madness"<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) led inevitably to other family problems. <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Marshman" title="Joshua Marshman">Joshua Marshman</a> was appalled by Carey's neglect of his four boys when he first met them in 1800. Aged 4, 7, 12 and 15, they were unmannered, undisciplined, and uneducated.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eschatology">Eschatology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Eschatology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides <a href="/wiki/Iain_Murray_(author)" title="Iain Murray (author)">Iain Murray</a>'s study, <i>The Puritan Hope</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> less attention has been paid in Carey's numerous biographies to his <a href="/wiki/Postmillennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmillennial">postmillennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a> as expressed in his major missionary manifesto, notably not even in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_J._Nichols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce J. Nichols (page does not exist)">Bruce J. Nichols</a>'s article "The Theology of William Carey."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carey was a <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-yeh13_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeh13-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Postmillennialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmillennialist">postmillennialist</a>. Even the two dissertations that discuss his achievements (by Oussoren<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Potts<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) ignore large areas of his theology. Neither mentions his eschatological views, which played a major role in his missionary zeal.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One exception, in James Beck's biography of his first wife,<sup id="cite_ref-Beck,_James_R._1992_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck,_James_R._1992-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions his personal optimism in the chapter on "Attitudes Towards the Future," but not his optimistic perspective on world missions, which derived from postmillennial theology.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translation,_education,_and_schools"><span id="Translation.2C_education.2C_and_schools"></span>Translation, education, and schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Translation, education, and schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Carey_Used_Desk_-_Carey_Museum_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0749.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/William_Carey_Used_Desk_-_Carey_Museum_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0749.JPG/220px-William_Carey_Used_Desk_-_Carey_Museum_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0749.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/William_Carey_Used_Desk_-_Carey_Museum_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0749.JPG/330px-William_Carey_Used_Desk_-_Carey_Museum_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0749.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/William_Carey_Used_Desk_-_Carey_Museum_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0749.JPG/440px-William_Carey_Used_Desk_-_Carey_Museum_-_Serampore_College_-_Hooghly_2017-07-06_0749.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Carey's desk is at the Serampore College.</figcaption></figure> <p>Carey devoted great efforts and time to the study not only of the common language of Bengali, but to many other Indian vernaculars, and the ancient root language of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. In collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Fort_William_College" title="Fort William College">College of Fort William</a>, Carey undertook the translation of the Hindu classics into English, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>. He then translated the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> into <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, Oriya, Marathi, Hindi, Assamese, and Sanskrit, and parts of it into other dialects and languages.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 30 years Carey served in the college as the professor of Bengali, Sanskrit and Marathi,<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> publishing, in 1805, the first book on <a href="/wiki/Marathi_grammar" title="Marathi grammar">Marathi grammar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Serampore_Mission_Press" title="Serampore Mission Press">Serampore Mission Press</a> that Carey founded is credited as the only press that "consistently thought it important enough that costly fonts of type be cast for the irregular and neglected languages of the Indian people.".<sup id="cite_ref-kopf71_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopf71-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carey and his team produced textbooks, dictionaries, classical literature, and other publications that served primary school children, college-level students, and the general public, including the first systematic Sanskrit grammar, which served a model for later publications.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the latter 1700s and early 1800s in India, only children of certain social strata received education, and even that was limited to basic accounting and Hindu religion. Only the Brahmins and writer castes could read, and only men, women being completely unschooled. Carey started <a href="/wiki/Sunday_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday School">Sunday Schools</a> in which children learned to read using the Bible as their textbook.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1794, he opened, at his own cost, what is considered the first primary school in India.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public school system that Carey initiated expanded to include girls in an era when the education of the female was considered unthinkable. Carey's work is considered to have started what became the Christian Vernacular Education Society, providing English medium education across India.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carey spent 41 years in India without a furlough. His mission included about 700 converts in a nation of millions, but he had laid an impressive foundation of <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" title="Bible translations">Bible translations</a>, education, and social reform.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been called the "father of modern <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">missions</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Gonzalez,_Justo_L_p._306_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzalez,_Justo_L_p._306-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "India's first cultural anthropologist."<sup id="cite_ref-kopf70_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopf70-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His teaching, translations, writings and publications, his educational establishments and influence in social reform are said to have "marked the turning point of Indian culture from a downward to an upward trend". </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[Carey] saw India not as a foreign country to be exploited, but as his heavenly Father's land to be loved and saved... he believed in understanding and controlling nature instead of fearing, appeasing or worshipping it; in developing one's intellect instead of killing it as mysticism taught. He emphasized enjoying literature and culture instead of shunning it as <a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)"><i>maya</i></a>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Vishal_Mangalwadi" title="Vishal Mangalwadi">Vishal Mangalwadi</a><sup id="cite_ref-mangalwadi24_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mangalwadi24-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Carey was instrumental in launching <a href="/wiki/Serampore_College" title="Serampore College">Serampore College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Serampore" title="Serampore">Serampore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yeh39_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeh39-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carey's passionate insistence on change resulted in the founding of the <a href="/wiki/BMS_World_Mission" title="BMS World Mission">Baptist Missionary Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yeh117_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeh117-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many schools are named after him: </p> <ul><li>William Carey Christian School (WCCS) in <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_NSW" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney, NSW">Sydney, NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_International_University" title="William Carey International University">William Carey International University</a>, founded in 1876 in <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Theological_College" title="Carey Theological College">Carey Theological College</a> in Vancouver, British Columbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Baptist_College" title="Carey Baptist College">Carey Baptist College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Baptist_Grammar_School" title="Carey Baptist Grammar School">Carey Baptist Grammar School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne, Victoria">Melbourne, Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_College,_Colombo" title="Carey College, Colombo">Carey College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, Sri Lanka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_University" title="William Carey University">William Carey University</a>, founded in <a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hattiesburg">Hattiesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> in 1892,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Carey Baptist College in <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Mission" title="Carey Mission">Carey Mission</a> and school in the western frontier of Michigan: Founded by Baptist missionary to the tribes <a href="/wiki/Isaac_McCoy" title="Isaac McCoy">Isaac McCoy</a> in 1822</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-McCoyCareyMGW_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCoyCareyMGW-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TBEMcCoy_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBEMcCoy-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The William Carey Academy of <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, Bangladesh has kindergarten to grade 12.</li> <li>The William Carey Memorial School: A co-ed English medium in Serampore, Hooghly.</li> <li>William Carey International School: An English-medium school established on 17 August 2008 in <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, Bangladesh.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artefacts">Artefacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Artefacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St James Church in Paulerspury, Northamptonshire, where Carey was christened and attended as a boy, has a William Carey display. Carey Baptist Church in Moulton, Northamptonshire, also has a display of artefacts related to William Carey, as well as the nearby cottage where he lived.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Leicester, Harvey Lane Baptist Church, the last church in England where Carey served before he left for India, was destroyed by a fire in 1921. Carey's nearby cottage had served as a Memories of Carey museum from 1915 until it was destroyed to make way for a new road system in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artefacts from the museum were given to <a href="/wiki/Central_Baptist_Church_(Leicester)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Baptist Church (Leicester)">Central Baptist Church</a> in Charles Street, Leicester which houses the William Carey Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-visitleicester_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitleicester-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Angus_Library_and_Archive" title="Angus Library and Archive">Angus Library and Archive</a> in Oxford holds the largest single collection of Carey letters as well as numerous artefacts such as his Bible and the sign from his cordwainer shop. There is a large collection of historical artefacts including letters, books, and other artefacts that belonged to Carey at the Center for Study of the Life and Work of William Carey at Donnell Hall on the <a href="/wiki/William_Carey_University" title="William Carey University">William Carey University</a> <a href="/wiki/Hattiesburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hattiesburg">Hattiesburg</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#73C2FB;color;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Baptist_Christianity" title="Category:Baptist Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#73C2FB;color;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Baptists</span></a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baptism_at_Northolt_Park_Baptist_Church_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baptism at Northolt Park Baptist Church, in Greater London, Baptist Union of Great Britain, 2015."><img alt="Baptism at Northolt Park Baptist Church, in Greater London, Baptist Union of Great Britain, 2015." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Baptism_at_Northolt_Park_Baptist_Church_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Baptism_at_Northolt_Park_Baptist_Church_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Baptism_at_Northolt_Park_Baptist_Church_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Baptism_at_Northolt_Park_Baptist_Church_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Baptism_at_Northolt_Park_Baptist_Church_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Baptism_at_Northolt_Park_Baptist_Church_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2834" data-file-height="1857" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" 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title="Template talk:Baptist"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baptist" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baptist"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_India" title="Category:Christianity in India">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:India_with_Gold_Cross.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Christianity in India"><img alt="Christianity in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/170px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/255px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/India_with_Gold_Cross.png/340px-India_with_Gold_Cross.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Communities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Christians" title="Bengali Christians">Bengali Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettiah_Christians" title="Bettiah Christians">Bettiah Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">Bombay East Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Christians" title="Marathi Christians">Marathi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei Christians">Meitei Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Mizoram" title="History of Christianity in Mizoram">Mizo Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nagaland" title="Christianity in Nagaland">Naga Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Christians" title="Punjabi Christians">Punjabi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Christians">Tamil Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Christians" title="Telugu Christians">Telugu Christians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Saint Thomas the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsa_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception">Saint Alphonsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Saint Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonsalo_Garcia" title="Gonsalo Garcia">Saint Gonsalo Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrasia_Eluvathingal" title="Euphrasia Eluvathingal">Saint Euphrasia Eluvathingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriakose_Elias_Chavara" title="Kuriakose Elias Chavara">Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Saint Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Bl.Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth" title="Mar Sabor and Mar Proth">Mar Sabor and Mar Proth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldho_Mor_Baselios" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldho Mor Baselios">Mar Baselios Eldho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paremmakkal_Thoma_Kathanar" title="Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar">Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Cana" title="Thomas of Cana">Thomas of Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Elias_III" title="Ignatius Elias III">Ignatius Elias III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala_Thirumeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Parumala Thirumeni">Mar Gregorios of Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly">Mar Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Panjikaran" title="Joseph C. Panjikaran">Mar Joseph C. Panjikaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_Mar_Athanasius_Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan">Mathews Mar Athanasius Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Mar_Dionysius_of_Vattasseril" class="mw-redirect" title="Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril">Mar Geevarghese Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geevarghese_Ivanios" title="Geevarghese Ivanios">Mar Geevarghese Ivanios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Malpan" title="Abraham Malpan">Abraham Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Maria_Bernini" title="Giuseppe Maria Bernini">Giuseppe Maria Bernini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Sundar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu Sundar Singh">Sadhu Sundar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palackal_Thoma_Malpan" class="mw-redirect" title="Palackal Thoma Malpan">Palackal Thoma Malpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Augustine_Kandathil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Augustine Kandathil">Mar Augustine Kandathil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Carey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist" style="padding-top:0.3em;"> <p><u><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_denominations" title="Saint Thomas Christian denominations">Saint Thomas Christian denominations</a></b></u><br /> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_India" title="Catholic Church in India">Catholic</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Catholic Church">Latin Catholic</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a> </p> <dl><dd><i><b>Independent Oriential Orthodox</b></i><br /></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian</a> </p> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Oriental Protestant Christian</a></b></i><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical</a> </p><p><u><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_India" title="Protestantism in India">Protestant denominations</a></b></u><br /> <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church">Andhra Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_Jehovah_Shammah" title="Assemblies Jehovah Shammah">Assemblies Jehovah Shammah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Revival_Church" title="Christian Revival Church">Christian Revival Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garo_Baptist_Convention" title="Garo Baptist Convention">Garo Baptist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Brethren" title="Indian Brethren">Indian Brethren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Indian Pentecostal Church of God">Indian Pentecostal Church of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Full_Gospel)_in_India" title="Church of God (Full Gospel) in India">Church of God (Full Gospel)</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Bank_Baptist_Christian_Association" title="North Bank Baptist Christian Association">North Bank Baptist Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church">Northern Evangelical Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_India" title="Methodist Church in India">Methodist Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_India" title="Presbyterian Church of India">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_India" title="United Evangelical Lutheran Churches in India">United Evangelical Lutheran</a> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches_in_India" title="National Council of Churches in India">National Council of Churches in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Conference_of_Indian_Christians" title="All India Conference of Indian Christians">All India Conference of Indian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Catholic_Union" title="All India Catholic Union">All India Catholic Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_India_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in India sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Baptist_Church,_Reading" title="Carey Baptist Church, Reading">Carey Baptist 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title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mangalwadi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mangalwadi_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mangalwadi_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMangalwadi1999" class="citation book cs1">Mangalwadi, Vishal (1999). <i>The Legacy of William Carey: A Model for the Transformation of a Culture</i>. Crossway Books. pp. 61–67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58134-112-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58134-112-6"><bdi>978-1-58134-112-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+William+Carey%3A+A+Model+for+the+Transformation+of+a+Culture&rft.pages=61-67&rft.pub=Crossway+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-58134-112-6&rft.aulast=Mangalwadi&rft.aufirst=Vishal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/95736/William-Carey">William Carey British missionary</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riddick-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-riddick_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiddick2006" class="citation book cs1">Riddick, John F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC"><i>The History of British India: A Chronology</i></a>. Praeger Publications. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32280-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32280-5"><bdi>0-313-32280-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+British+India%3A+A+Chronology&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Praeger+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-313-32280-5&rft.aulast=Riddick&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEs6x4u_g19UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-northamptonshire-14547355">"Northants celebrates 250th anniversary of William Carey"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Northants+celebrates+250th+anniversary+of+William+Carey&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-northamptonshire-14547355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1922" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(1833%E2%80%931919)" title="George Smith (1833–1919)">Smith, George</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b7k9AQAAMAAJ"><i>The Life of William Carey: Shoemaker & Missionary</i></a>. J. M. Dent & Co. p. 292.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+William+Carey%3A+Shoemaker+%26+Missionary&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26+Co&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db7k9AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sharma-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sharma_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1988" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Arvind (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UJmWgz2mv5oC"><i>Sati: Historical and Phenomenological Essays</i></a>. Motilal Benarasidass. pp. 57–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-208-0464-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-208-0464-3"><bdi>81-208-0464-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sati%3A+Historical+and+Phenomenological+Essays&rft.pages=57-63&rft.pub=Motilal+Benarasidass&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=81-208-0464-3&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Arvind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUJmWgz2mv5oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gonzalez,_Justo_L_p._306-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gonzalez,_Justo_L_p._306_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonzalez,_Justo_L_p._306_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gonzalez, Justo L. (2010) <i>The Story of Christianity</i> Vol. 2: The Reformation to the Present Day, <a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan">Zondervan</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06185589-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06185589-4">978-0-06185589-4</a>, p. 419</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Carey, <i>An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens</i> (1792; repr., London: Carey Kingsgate Press, 1961)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thomas_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1994" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, T. Jacob (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ijt/36-2_038.pdf">"Interaction of the Gospel and Culture in Bengal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indian Journal of Theology</i>. <b>36</b> (2). Serampore College Theology Department and Bishop's College, Kolkata: 46, 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Theology&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+the+Gospel+and+Culture+in+Bengal&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=46%2C+47&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=T.+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblicalstudies.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Fijt%2F36-2_038.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kopf-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kopf_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopf1969" class="citation book cs1">Kopf, David (1969). <i>British Orientalism and the Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernization 1778–1835</i>. Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. pp. 70, 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Orientalism+and+the+Renaissance%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Indian+Modernization+1778%E2%80%931835&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=70%2C+78&rft.pub=Firma+K.L.+Mukhopadhyay&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Kopf&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2018/09/07/saving-souls-and-promoting-good-grammar/">"Saving souls and promoting good grammar"</a>. 7 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saving+souls+and+promoting+good+grammar&rft.date=2018-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F07%2Fsaving-souls-and-promoting-good-grammar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bkp2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bkp2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bkp2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bkp2_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bkp2_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bkp2_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian K. Pennington (2005), Was Hinduism Invented?: Britons, Indians, and the Colonial Construction, pp. 76–77, Oxford University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vr1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vr1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vr1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">V Rao (2007), <i>Contemporary Education</i>, pp. 17–18, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-3130273-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-3130273-6">978-81-3130273-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecareyexperience.co.uk/paulerspury.htm">"Paulerspury: Pury End"</a>. <i>The Carey Experience</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Carey+Experience&rft.atitle=Paulerspury%3A+Pury+End&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecareyexperience.co.uk%2Fpaulerspury.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM8V98_William_Careys_Historical_Wall_Carey_Road_Pury_End_Northamptonshire_UK">"William Carey's Historical Wall – Carey Road, Pury End, Northamptonshire, UK"</a>. <i>UK Historical Markers</i>. Waymarking.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Historical+Markers&rft.atitle=William+Carey%27s+Historical+Wall+%E2%80%93+Carey+Road%2C+Pury+End%2C+Northamptonshire%2C+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waymarking.com%2Fwaymarks%2FWM8V98_William_Careys_Historical_Wall_Carey_Road_Pury_End_Northamptonshire_UK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Includes image of memorial stone</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20050404040813/http://chi.gospelcom.net/GLIMPSEF/Glimpses/glmps045.shtml">"Glimpses #45: William Carey's Amazing Mission"</a>. Christian History Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chi.gospelcom.net/GLIMPSEF/Glimpses/glmps045.shtml">the original</a> on 4 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glimpses+%2345%3A+William+Carey%27s+Amazing+Mission&rft.pub=Christian+History+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchi.gospelcom.net%2FGLIMPSEF%2FGlimpses%2Fglmps045.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter, John, (2002) "New England Puritans: The Grandparents of Modern Protestant Missions," <i><a href="/wiki/Fides_et_Historia" title="Fides et Historia">Fides et Historia</a></i> 30.4, 529.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENQ-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ENQ_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ENQ_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/enquiry/anenquiry.pdf"><i>An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians, to use means for the Conversion of the Heathens</i></a> reprinted London: Carey Kingsgate Press, 1961</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notefrom-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-notefrom_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notefrom_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-notefrom_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/s/smith_geo/carey/carey.htm">"Note from the preparer of this etext_ I have had to insert a view comments mainly in regards to adjustments to fonts to allow"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Note+from+the+preparer+of+this+etext_+I+have+had+to+insert+a+view+comments+mainly+in+regards+to+adjustments+to+fonts+to+allow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fs%2Fsmith_geo%2Fcarey%2Fcarey.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodall1946" class="citation web cs1">Woodall, R. (12 September 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/bios/fountain.pdf">"Fountain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>wmcarey.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wmcarey.edu&rft.atitle=Fountain&rft.date=1946-09-12&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmcarey.edu%2Fcarey%2Fbios%2Ffountain.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCU-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WCU_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/wmward/Main%20html/chrono.html">William Carey University website, <i>William Ward, Chronology</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Serampore-trio">Britannica.com website, <i>Serampore Trio</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cETPEAAAQBAJ&dq=William+Carey+%28Missionary%29+++Madan+Mohan+who+taught+him+the+Sanskrit+language&pg=RA1-PA295">Google Books website, ‘’Religion and World Civilizations [3 volumes]: How Faith Shaped Societies’’ edited by Andrew Holt, page 295</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/1992/issue36/3627.html?start=3"><i>William Carey's Less-than-Perfect Family Life</i></a>, Christian History, Issue 36, 10 January 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy George, The Life and Mission of William Carey, IVP, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Serampore_College_(University)" title="Senate of Serampore College (University)">Senate of Serampore College</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulross1882" class="citation book cs1">Culross, James (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/williamcarey00culr#page/190/mode/1up/"><i>William Carey</i></a>. New York: A.C. Armstrong & Son. p. 190.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Carey&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=A.C.+Armstrong+%26+Son&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Culross&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fwilliamcarey00culr%23page%2F190%2Fmode%2F1up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Plant_Names_Index" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Carey"><i> Carey</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=+Carey&rft.au=International+Plant+Names+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FadvAuthorSearch.do%3Ffind_abbreviation%3DCarey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Eric Frykenberg and Alaine M. Low (2003), Christians and Missionaries in India, pp. 156–157, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3956-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3956-5">978-0-8028-3956-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sn1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sn1_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sn1_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Silvia Nagy (2010), <i>Colonization Or Globalization?: Postcolonial Explorations of Imperial Expansion</i>, p. 62, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-073-91-31763" title="Special:BookSources/978-073-91-31763">978-073-91-31763</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Deauville Walker, <i>William Carey</i> (1925, repr. Chicago: Moody Press, 1980). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8024-9562-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8024-9562-1">0-8024-9562-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beck,_James_R._1992-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beck,_James_R._1992_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck,_James_R._1992_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beck, James R. <i>Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey.</i> Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-1030-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-1030-6">0-8010-1030-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dorothy's Devastating Delusions," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctlibrary.com/3918">Christian History & Biography</a>, 1 October 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bethelcollege.edu/academics/library/Archives/reflections/v2n1p25_28.pdf">Book Review - Dorothy Carey: The Tragic And Untold Story Of Mrs. William Carey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060915144241/http://www.bethelcollege.edu/academics/library/Archives/reflections/v2n1p25_28.pdf">Archived</a> 15 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missionariesoftheworld.org/2011/07/hannah-marshman.html">Missionaries of the World website, <i>Hannah Marshmann</i>, article dated July 4, 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iain H. Murray, <i>The Puritan Hope.</i> Carlisle, PA: Banner of Truth, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85151-037-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85151-037-X">0-85151-037-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Theology of William Carey," <i>Evangelical Review of Theology</i> 17 (1993): 369–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeh13-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeh13_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehChun2013" class="citation book cs1">Yeh, Allan; Chun, Chris (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qzNNAwAAQBAJ"><i>Expect Great Things, Attempt Great Things: William Carey and Adoniram Judson, Missionary Pioneers</i></a>. Wipf and Stock. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610976145" title="Special:BookSources/9781610976145"><bdi>9781610976145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expect+Great+Things%2C+Attempt+Great+Things%3A+William+Carey+and+Adoniram+Judson%2C+Missionary+Pioneers&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781610976145&rft.aulast=Yeh&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft.au=Chun%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqzNNAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aalbertinus Hermen Oussoren, William Carey, Especially his Missionary Principles (Diss.: Freie Universität Amsterdam), (Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff, 1945).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Daniels Potts. British Baptist Missionaries in India 1793–1837: The History of Serampore and its Missions, (Cambridge: University Press, 1967).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. James Kennedy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coralridge.org/nem/NEMrelatedmessage.asp?dt=0627">"William Carey: Texts That Have Changed Lives"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>: "It was the belief of these men that there was going to be ushered in by the proclamation of the Gospel a glorious golden age of Gospel submission on the part of the heathen. It is very interesting to note that theologically that is what is known as 'postmillennialism,' a view which is not very popular today, but was the view that animated all the men who were involved in the early missionary enterprise."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schirrmacher" title="Thomas Schirrmacher">Thomas Schirrmacher</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contra-mundum.org/schirrmacher/careypostmil.html">William Carey, Postmillennialism and the Theology of World Missions</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Carey">"William Carey"</a>. 20 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Carey&rft.date=2024-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FWilliam-Carey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1885" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(1833%E2%80%931919)" title="George Smith (1833–1919)">Smith, George</a> (1885). <i>The Life of William Carey, D.D.: Shoemaker and Missionary, Professor ..., Part 4</i>. R & R Clark, Edinburgh. pp. 69–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+William+Carey%2C+D.D.%3A+Shoemaker+and+Missionary%2C+Professor+...%2C+Part+4&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=R+%26+R+Clark%2C+Edinburgh&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao1994" class="citation book cs1">Rao, Goparaju Sambasiva (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141207082805/https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ben0lE61msC"><i>Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy</i></a>. Academic Foundation. pp. 48 and 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-057-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7188-057-7"><bdi>978-81-7188-057-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ben0lE61msC">the original</a> on 7 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Change%3A+Lexical+Diffusion+and+Literacy&rft.pages=48+and+49&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-057-7&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Goparaju+Sambasiva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8Ben0lE61msC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey1805" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carey, William</a> (1805). <i>A Grammar of the Marathi Language</i>. Serampur: Serampore Mission Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-05631-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-05631-1"><bdi>978-1-108-05631-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+the+Marathi+Language&rft.place=Serampur&rft.pub=Serampore+Mission+Press&rft.date=1805&rft.isbn=978-1-108-05631-1&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kopf71-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kopf71_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopf1969" class="citation book cs1">Kopf, David (1969). <i>British Orientalism and the Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernization 1778–1835</i>. Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. pp. 71, 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Orientalism+and+the+Renaissance%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Indian+Modernization+1778%E2%80%931835&rft.pages=71%2C+78&rft.pub=Calcutta%3A+Firma+K.L.+Mukhopadhyay&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Kopf&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrockington1991–1992" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Brockington, John (1991–1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indologica.com/volumes/vol17-18/vol17-18_art05_BROCKINGTON.pdf">"William Carey's Significance as an Indologist"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indologica Taurinensia</i>. 17–18: 87–88<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indologica+Taurinensia&rft.atitle=William+Carey%27s+Significance+as+an+Indologist&rft.volume=17%E2%80%9318&rft.pages=87-88&rft.date=1991%2F1992&rft.aulast=Brockington&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indologica.com%2Fvolumes%2Fvol17-18%2Fvol17-18_art05_BROCKINGTON.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 1885, p. 150></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 1885, p. 148></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 1885, p. 102></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/missionaries/carey.html?start=2">"William Carey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Carey&rft.pub=Christianity+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fch%2F131christians%2Fmissionaries%2Fcarey.html%3Fstart%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kopf70-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kopf70_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopf1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Kopf" title="David Kopf">Kopf, David</a> (1969). <i>British Orientalism and the Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernization 1778–1835</i>. Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. pp. 70, 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Orientalism+and+the+Renaissance%3A+The+Dynamics+of+Indian+Modernization+1778%E2%80%931835&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=70%2C+78&rft.pub=Firma+K.L.+Mukhopadhyay&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Kopf&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mangalwadi24-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mangalwadi24_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangalwadi1999" class="citation book cs1">Mangalwadi, Vishal (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legacyofwilliamc0000mang/page/24"><i>The Legacy of William Carey: A Model for the Transformation of a Culture</i></a>. Crossway Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legacyofwilliamc0000mang/page/24">24–25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58134-112-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58134-112-6"><bdi>978-1-58134-112-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+William+Carey%3A+A+Model+for+the+Transformation+of+a+Culture&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=Crossway+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-58134-112-6&rft.aulast=Mangalwadi&rft.aufirst=Vishal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegacyofwilliamc0000mang%2Fpage%2F24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeh39-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeh39_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yeh page=39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeh117-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yeh117_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYehChun2013" class="citation book cs1">Yeh, Allan; Chun, Chris (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qzNNAwAAQBAJ"><i>Expect Great Things, Attempt Great Things: William Carey and Adoniram Judson, Missionary Pioneers</i></a>. Wipf and Stock. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610976145" title="Special:BookSources/9781610976145"><bdi>9781610976145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expect+Great+Things%2C+Attempt+Great+Things%3A+William+Carey+and+Adoniram+Judson%2C+Missionary+Pioneers&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781610976145&rft.aulast=Yeh&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft.au=Chun%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqzNNAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmcarey.edu/about-william-carey">"About William Carey"</a>. William Carey University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+William+Carey&rft.pub=William+Carey+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmcarey.edu%2Fabout-william-carey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCoyCareyMGW-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCoyCareyMGW_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson" class="citation web cs1">Watson, Jeannie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.migenweb.org/cass/Profiles/Watson/BIO24IsaacMcCoy.pdf">"Reverend Isaac McCoy & the Carey Mission"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Michigan Genealogy on the Web<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reverend+Isaac+McCoy+%26+the+Carey+Mission&rft.pub=Michigan+Genealogy+on+the+Web&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Jeannie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.migenweb.org%2Fcass%2FProfiles%2FWatson%2FBIO24IsaacMcCoy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBEMcCoy-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TBEMcCoy_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h0g4AQAAMAAJ"><i>The Baptist Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 2. 1881. pp. 766–767<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baptist+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=766-767&rft.date=1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh0g4AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecareyexperience.co.uk/">"The Carey Experience"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Carey+Experience&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecareyexperience.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/growth-and-history/blueplaques/blueplaquespeople/williamcarey/">"William Carey"</a>. <i>Blue plaques</i>. Leicester.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blue+plaques&rft.atitle=William+Carey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leicester.gov.uk%2Fyour-council-services%2Flc%2Fgrowth-and-history%2Fblueplaques%2Fblueplaquespeople%2Fwilliamcarey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visitleicester-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-visitleicester_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitleicester.info/whats-on/central-baptist-church-and-william-carey-museum-p753041">"Central Baptist Church and William Carey Museum"</a>. <i>Visit Leicester</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Leicester&rft.atitle=Central+Baptist+Church+and+William+Carey+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitleicester.info%2Fwhats-on%2Fcentral-baptist-church-and-william-carey-museum-p753041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.central-baptist.org.uk/william-carey-museum">"William Carey Museum"</a>. <i>Central Baptist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Baptist&rft.atitle=William+Carey+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.central-baptist.org.uk%2Fwilliam-carey-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/">"Center for Study of the Life and Work of William Carey"</a>. William Carey university.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+for+Study+of+the+Life+and+Work+of+William+Carey&rft.pub=William+Carey+university&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmcarey.edu%2Fcarey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_2">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chatterjee, Sunil Kumar. <i>William Carey and Serampore</i>, Calcutta, Ghosh publishing concern, 1984.</li> <li>Daniel, J.T.K.and Hedlund, R.E. (ed.). <i>Carey's Obligation and Indian Renaissance</i>, Serampore, Council of Serampore College, 1993.</li> <li>M.M. Thomas. <i>Significance of William Carey for India today</i>, Makkada, Marthoma Diocesan Centre, 1993.</li> <li>Beck, James R. <i>Dorothy Carey: The Tragic and Untold Story of Mrs. William Carey.</i> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Rapids">Grand Rapids</a>: Baker Book House, 1992.</li> <li>Carey, William. <i>An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens.</i> <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>: A. Ireland, 1791.</li></ul> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/11449">An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Carey, William"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carey,_William">"Carey, William" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carey%2C+William&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane-Poole1887" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lane-Poole, Stanley (1887). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carey, William (1761-1834)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Carey,_William_(1761-1834)">"Carey, William (1761-1834)" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 9. London: Smith, Elder & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carey%2C+William+%281761-1834%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Lane-Poole&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Carey+%28missionary%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Farrer" title="Keith Farrer">Farrer, Keith</a>. (2005). William Carey – Missionary and Botanist. <a href="/wiki/Carey_Baptist_Grammar_School" title="Carey Baptist Grammar School">Carey Baptist Grammar School</a>. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>.</li> <li>Dutta, Sutapa. <i>British Women Missionaries in Bengal, 1793–1861.</i> U.K.: Anthem Press, 2017.</li> <li>Marshman, John Clark. <i>Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward Embracing the History of the Serampore Mission.</i> 2 vols. London: Longman, 1859.</li> <li>Murray, Iain. <i>The Puritan Hope: Revival and the Interpretation of Prophecy.</i> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: Banner of Truth Trust, 1971.</li> <li>Nicholls, Bruce J. "The Theology of William Carey." In <i>Evangelical Review of Theology</i> 17 (1993): 372.</li> <li>Oussoren, Aalbertinus Hermen. <i>William Carey, Especially his Missionary Principles.</i> <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: A. W. Sijthoff, 1945.</li> <li>Potts, E. Daniels. <i>British Baptist Missionaries in India 1793–1837: The History of Serampore and its Missions.</i> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: University Press, 1967.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(1833%E2%80%931919)" title="George Smith (1833–1919)">Smith, George</a>. <i>The Life of William Carey: Shoemaker and Missionary.</i> London: Murray, 1887.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/2056">The Life of William Carey: Shoemaker and Missionary</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li> <li>Walker, F. Deauville. <i>William Carey: Missionary Pioneer and Statesman.</i> Chicago: Moody, 1951.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carey, Eustace - <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memoirofwilliamcwc00care/page/n7/mode/2up">Memoir of William Carey, D. D. Late missionary to Bengal, Professor of Oriental Languages in the College of Fort William, Calcutta</a></i>. Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln, 1836; 2nd edition: London: Jackson & Walford: 1837.</li> <li>Carey, S. Pearce - <i>William Carey "The Father of Modern Missions"</i>, edited by Peter Masters, Wakeman Trust, London, 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870855-14-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-870855-14-0">1-870855-14-0</a> (S. Pearce Carey was a grandson and prominent Baptist minister in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia.)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cule, W.E. - The Bells of Moulton, The Carey Press, 1942 (Children's biography)</li> <li>A Grammar of the Bengalee Language (1801)</li> <li>Kathopakathan [কথোপকথন] (i.e. "Conversations") (1801)</li> <li>Itihasmala [ইতিহাসমালা] (i.e. "Chronicles") (1812)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carey_(missionary)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Carey%2C%20William%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22William%20Carey%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Carey%2C%20William%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22William%20Carey%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Carey%2C%20W%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22William%20Carey%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Carey%2C%20William%22%20OR%20description%3A%22William%20Carey%22%29%20OR%20%28%221761-1834%22%20AND%20Carey%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about William Carey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecareyexperience.co.uk/paulerspury.htm">The William Carey Experience</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150314140253/http://www.central-baptist.org.uk/Carey_Exhibition.html">The Carey Exhibition</a>, Central Baptist Church, Leicester</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://missionarycare.com/what-about-dorothy.html">Missionary Marriage Issues: What About Dorothy?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protestant_missions_to_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protestant_missions_to_India" title="Template:Protestant missions to India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protestant_missions_to_India" title="Template talk:Protestant missions to India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant_missions_to_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant missions to India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protestant_missions_to_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Protestant missions to India</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantaenus" title="Pantaenus">Pantaenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Indian history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christian_missions" title="Timeline of Christian missions">Missions timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christianity in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_missionaries_in_India" title="List of Protestant missionaries in India">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Oliver_Allen" title="David Oliver Allen">David Oliver Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Mary_Brown" title="Edith Mary Brown">Edith Mary Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brown_(missionary)" title="Nathan Brown (missionary)">Nathan Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caldwell" title="Robert Caldwell">Robert Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._E._Rhenius" title="C. T. E. Rhenius">C. T. E. Rhenius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Carmichael" title="Amy Carmichael">Amy Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Margoschis" title="Arthur Margoschis">Arthur Margoschis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Cook" title="Robert F. Cook">Robert F. Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Duff_(missionary)" title="Alexander Duff (missionary)">Alexander Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Norris_Groves" title="Anthony Norris Groves">Anthony Norris Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gundert" title="Hermann Gundert">Hermann Gundert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_Hyde" title="John Nelson Hyde">John Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Stanley_Jones" title="E. Stanley Jones">E. Stanley Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(missionary)" title="Thomas Jones (missionary)">Thomas Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Knill" title="Richard Knill">Richard Knill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Marshman" title="Hannah Marshman">Hannah Marshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_Marshman" title="John Clark Marshman">John Clark Marshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Marshman" title="Joshua Marshman">Joshua Marshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Martyn" title="Henry Martyn">Henry Martyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_McGavran" title="Donald McGavran">Donald McGavran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mudge" title="James Mudge">James Mudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volbrecht_Nagel" title="Volbrecht Nagel">Volbrecht Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Uglow_Pope" title="George Uglow Pope">George Uglow Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Rice" title="Luther Rice">Luther Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Robinson_(bishop)" title="John Edward Robinson (bishop)">John Edward Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Daniel_Rockey" title="Clement Daniel Rockey">Clement Daniel Rockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Schwarz" title="Christian Friedrich Schwarz">Christian Friedrich Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scudder_family_of_missionaries_in_India" title="Scudder family of missionaries in India">Scudder Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serampore_Trio" title="Serampore Trio">Serampore Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Olsen_Skrefsrud" title="Lars Olsen Skrefsrud">Lars Olsen Skrefsrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Somervell" title="Howard Somervell">Howard Somervell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Staines" title="Graham Staines">Graham Staines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturge" title="Alfred Sturge">Alfred Sturge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Taylor_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Taylor (bishop)">William Taylor (bishop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mills_Thoburn" title="James Mills Thoburn">James Mills Thoburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Tyndale-Biscoe" title="Cecil Tyndale-Biscoe">Cecil Tyndale-Biscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ward_(missionary)" title="William Ward (missionary)">William Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paton_(ecumenist)" title="William Paton (ecumenist)">William Paton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Christian_College" title="Andhra Christian College">Andhra Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles_Establishment" title="Eccles Establishment">Eccles Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Missionary_Society_of_Mayurbhanj" title="Evangelical Missionary Society of Mayurbhanj">Evangelical Missionary Society of Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossner_Theological_College" title="Gossner Theological College">Gossner Theological College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Christian_College" title="Madras Christian College">Madras Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serampore_College" title="Serampore College">Serampore College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Church_College" title="Scottish Church College">Scottish Church College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Christian_College" title="Scott Christian College">Scott Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_College,_Delhi" title="St. Stephen's College, Delhi">St. Stephen's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_College,_Mumbai" title="Wilson College, Mumbai">Wilson College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_International_Ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="American Baptist International Ministries">American Baptist Foreign Mission Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baptist_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Baptist Missionary Society">Australian Baptist Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMS_World_Mission" title="BMS World Mission">Baptist Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Baptist_Mission" title="Canadian Baptist Mission">Canadian Baptist Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_Zenana_Missionary_Society" title="Church of England Zenana Missionary Society">Church of England Zenana Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Mission_Society" title="Church Mission Society">Church Mission Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Scottish General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_the_World" title="Mission to the World">Mission to the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Union of New Zealand">New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Society_Partners_in_the_Gospel" title="United Society Partners in the Gospel">United Society Partners in the Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pivotal events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi_in_reports_by_Christian_missionaries" title="Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionaries">Interactions with Ayyavazhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian Protestants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mohan_Banerjee" title="Krishna Mohan Banerjee">Krishna Mohan Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jashwant_Rao_Chitambar" title="Jashwant Rao Chitambar">Jashwant Rao Chitambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._C._John" title="P. C. John">P. C. John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._B._Masilamani" title="A. B. Masilamani">A. B. Masilamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Pal" title="Krishna Pal">Krishna Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Premasagar" title="Victor Premasagar">Victor Premasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Singh" title="Bakht Singh">Bakht Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Sundar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhu Sundar Singh">Sadhu Sundar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._D._Tiwari" title="Y. D. Tiwari">Y. D. Tiwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312948#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312948#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312948#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118667106">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79065143">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466649t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466649t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620456">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carey, William <1761-1834>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV080727">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35943886">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20020320003&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1620406">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/253885">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p075021935">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carey, William, 1761-1834"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article155364868">"Day by Day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Methodist">The Methodist</a></i>. Vol. XXXVI, no. 25. New South Wales, Australia. 18 June 1927. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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