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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Earlier_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earlier_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Earlier structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earlier_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Current structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prince-bishops_of_Paderborn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prince-bishops_of_Paderborn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Prince-bishops of Paderborn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prince-bishops_of_Paderborn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prussian_state_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prussian_state_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Prussian state ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prussian_state_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_of_Büren_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_of_Büren_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>District of Büren ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_of_Büren_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nazi era</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nazi_era-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nazi era subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nazi_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wewelsburg_SS_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wewelsburg_SS_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Wewelsburg SS School</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wewelsburg_SS_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fields_of_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fields_of_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Fields of activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fields_of_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Crew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redesign_and_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redesign_and_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Redesign and reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redesign_and_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bans_on_visitation_and_publication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bans_on_visitation_and_publication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Bans on visitation and publication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bans_on_visitation_and_publication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_and_modifications_after_1938" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_and_modifications_after_1938"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>Construction and modifications after 1938</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_and_modifications_after_1938-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meetings_of_SS-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meetings_of_SS-Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.9</span> <span>Meetings of SS-Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meetings_of_SS-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death's_head_rings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death's_head_rings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Death's head rings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death's_head_rings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SS_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SS_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>SS plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SS_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>North Tower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blasting_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blasting_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Blasting operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blasting_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends_and_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends_and_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Legends and interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legends_and_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niederhagen_Camp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niederhagen_Camp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Niederhagen Camp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niederhagen_Camp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Postwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wewelsburg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فيويلسبورج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيويلسبورج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вевелсбург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вевелсбург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%92%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Κάστρο Βέβελσμπουργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάστρο Βέβελσμπουργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Վեվելսբուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեվելսբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="טירת וולסבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טירת וולסבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვეველსბურგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვეველსბურგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevelsburgas" title="Vevelsburgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vevelsburgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فيويلسبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيويلسبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вевельсбург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вевельсбург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="Wewelsburg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wewelsburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вевельсбург – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вевельсбург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q637827#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wewelsburg" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Wewelsburg" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Wewelsburg&params=51_36_23_N_8_39_06_E_region:DE-NW_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°36′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°39′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.60639°N 8.65167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.60639; 8.65167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Renaissance castle located in the village of Wewelsburg</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the village of Wewelsburg, see <a href="/wiki/Wewelsburg_(village)" title="Wewelsburg (village)">Wewelsburg (village)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wewelsburg" title="Special:EditPage/Wewelsburg">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wewelsburg%22">"Wewelsburg"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wewelsburg%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wewelsburg%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wewelsburg%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wewelsburg%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wewelsburg%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 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.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Wewelsburg</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wewelsburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wewelsburg.JPG/250px-Wewelsburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wewelsburg.JPG/375px-Wewelsburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Wewelsburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Wewelsburg, seen from the <a href="/wiki/Alme_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Alme River">Alme</a> valley</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wewelsburg is located in North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="Wewelsburg is located in North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/240px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/360px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/480px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.271%;left:77.26%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wewelsburg"><img alt="Wewelsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Wewelsburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Wewelsburg</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wewelsburg is located in Germany"><img alt="Wewelsburg is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/240px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/360px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/480px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.223%;left:31.517%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wewelsburg"><img alt="Wewelsburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Wewelsburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wewelsburg (Germany)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Castle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town or city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wewelsburg_(village)" title="Wewelsburg (village)">Wewelsburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Wewelsburg&params=51_36_23_N_8_39_06_E_region:DE-NW_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°36′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°39′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.60639°N 8.65167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.60639; 8.65167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current tenants</th><td class="infobox-data">Kreismuseum Wewelsburg,<br /> Youth hostel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">1603</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1609</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renovated</th><td class="infobox-data">1650–1660<br /> 19th century<br />1930s/1940s<br />1948/1949<br />1973–1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Client</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietrich von Fürstenberg (page does not exist)">Dietrich von Fürstenberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg" class="extiw" title="de:Dietrich von Fürstenberg">de</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">District of Paderborn</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wewelsburg</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈveːvl̩sbʊɐ̯k]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> castle located in the village of <a href="/wiki/Wewelsburg_(village)" title="Wewelsburg (village)">Wewelsburg</a>, which is a district of the town of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCren,_Westphalia" title="Büren, Westphalia">Büren, Westphalia</a>, in the <i>Landkreis</i> of <a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">Paderborn</a> in the northeast of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, Germany. The castle has a triangular layout, with three round towers connected by massive walls. After 1934, it was used by the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> under <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, and was to be expanded into a complex which would serve as the central SS cult-site.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1941, plans were developed to enlarge it to be the so-called "Centre of the World".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950, the castle reopened as a museum and <a href="/wiki/Youth_hostel" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth hostel">youth hostel</a>. (The youth hostel is one of the largest in Germany.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The castle today hosts the Historical Museum of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bishopric_of_Paderborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Bishopric of Paderborn">Prince Bishopric of Paderborn</a> and the Wewelsburg 1933–1945 Memorial Museum. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wewelsburg2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wewelsburg2010.jpg/220px-Wewelsburg2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wewelsburg2010.jpg/330px-Wewelsburg2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Wewelsburg2010.jpg/440px-Wewelsburg2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Wewelsburg, also seen from the Alme valley</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_Wewelsburg_(view_from_the_southwest).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Aerial_image_of_Wewelsburg_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_image_of_Wewelsburg_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Aerial_image_of_Wewelsburg_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_image_of_Wewelsburg_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Aerial_image_of_Wewelsburg_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_image_of_Wewelsburg_%28view_from_the_southwest%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4300" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:570_Wewelsburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/570_Wewelsburg.JPG/220px-570_Wewelsburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/570_Wewelsburg.JPG/330px-570_Wewelsburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/570_Wewelsburg.JPG/440px-570_Wewelsburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Eastern wing with access-bridge</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006-12_Wewelsburg_Innenhof.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2006-12_Wewelsburg_Innenhof.JPG/220px-2006-12_Wewelsburg_Innenhof.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2006-12_Wewelsburg_Innenhof.JPG/330px-2006-12_Wewelsburg_Innenhof.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2006-12_Wewelsburg_Innenhof.JPG/440px-2006-12_Wewelsburg_Innenhof.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Inner courtyard</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earlier_structures">Earlier structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earlier structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Predecessor buildings existed. One of these, the Wifilisburg, was defended during the 9th and 10th centuries against the Hungarians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Count <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_(Arnsberg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich (Arnsberg) (page does not exist)">Friedrich (Arnsberg)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_von_Arnsberg" class="extiw" title="de:Friedrich von Arnsberg">de</a>]</span> built another predecessor fortification. In 1123/24, after his death, peasants whom he had oppressed demolished the building. In 1301, the Count of Waldeck sold the Wewelsburg to the Prince-Bishop of Paderborn.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A document concerning this acquisition indicates that two fortresslike buildings stood on the hill, the <i>Bürensches Haus</i> and the <i>Waldecksches Haus</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_structure">Current structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prince-bishops_of_Paderborn">Prince-bishops of Paderborn</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prince-bishops of Paderborn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1301 to 1589, the prince-bishops of Paderborn assigned the estate to various <a href="/wiki/Liege_lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Liege lords">liege lords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The masonry of both predecessor buildings was integrated in the current triangular <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> castle. In its current form, the Wewelsburg was built from 1603 to 1609 as secondary residence for the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Paderborn" title="Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn">prince-bishops</a> of Paderborn, at that time <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietrich_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietrich von Fürstenberg (page does not exist)">Dietrich von Fürstenberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg" class="extiw" title="de:Dietrich von Fürstenberg">de</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its location is near what was then believed to be the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest" title="Battle of the Teutoburg Forest">Battle of the Teutoburg Forest</a> of 9 CE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Wewelsburg was taken several times during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. In 1646, it was occupied and then razed by Swedish troops,<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the army commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Wrangel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustav Wrangel">Carl Gustav Wrangel</a>. After 1650, the mostly destroyed castle was rebuilt by Prince-Bishop Theodor Adolf von der Recke and his successor <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg_(1626%E2%80%931683)" title="Ferdinand of Fürstenberg (1626–1683)">Ferdinand von Fürstenberg</a>. He carried out some architectural changes; the three towers of the castle got their <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">baroque</a> domes.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wewelsburg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (July 2014)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From 1589 to 1821, the castle was the place of residence of a bursary officer (or <a href="/wiki/Steward_(office)" title="Steward (office)">steward</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two <a href="/wiki/Witch_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch trial">witch trials</a> took place in the Wewelsburg in 1631 (a former inquisition room is placed in the basement next to the east tower).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (1756–1763), the basement rooms were probably used as a military prison.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prussian_state_ownership">Prussian state ownership</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prussian state ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 18th and 19th centuries, the castle fell progressively into ruin. In 1802, during <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">German mediatisation</a>, the castle came into the possession of the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> state. On 11 January 1815, the North Tower was gutted by a fire that was started by a lightning strike; only the outer walls remained. From 1832 to 1934, a <a href="/wiki/Rectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectory">rectory</a> existed in the eastern part of the south wing of the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="District_of_Büren_ownership"><span id="District_of_B.C3.BCren_ownership"></span>District of Büren ownership</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: District of Büren ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1924, the castle became the property of the district of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCren,_Westphalia" title="Büren, Westphalia">Büren</a> and was changed into a cultural center. By 1925, the castle had been renovated into a local museum, banquet hall, restaurant and <a href="/wiki/Youth_hostel" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth hostel">youth hostel</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the end of the Twenties, the North Tower again proved to be the weak point of the architecture, and had to be supported by <a href="/wiki/Guy_wire" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy wire">guy wires</a> in winter 1932/33; the preservation of the castle was supported by the "Club for the preservation of the Wewelsburg" (<i>Verein zur Erhaltung der Wewelsburg</i>). After 1925, the renovation activities decreased.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wewelsburg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (July 2014)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazi_era">Nazi era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nazi era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932, the local head of the district authority (<i>Landrat</i>) ordered about seventy members of the <i><a href="/wiki/Freiwilliger_Arbeitsdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst">Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst</a></i> (FAD), (voluntary labour service), to be housed at the Wewelsburg. They were unemployed and supported by the state as <i>Notstandsarbeiter</i> (literally: "crisis workers"). Through the rent, the district of Büren thus hoped to recoup some of the running costs of the castle. However, in early 1933, negotiations to set up a full-sized camp for 214 FAD participants failed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> taking power, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, as <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></i>, had decided that the SS should have a retreat at a castle "in the heartland of Hermann der Cherusker" (<a href="/wiki/Arminius" title="Arminius">Armin</a> the <a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cheruscian</a>). Initially, Himmler showed an interest in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burg_Schwalenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burg Schwalenberg (page does not exist)">Burg Schwalenberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burg_Schwalenberg" class="extiw" title="de:Burg Schwalenberg">de</a>]</span>, but negotiations failed in early 1933; he then visited Wewelsburg, at the suggestion of a local Nazi leader, Adolf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Oeynhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf von Oeynhausen (page does not exist)">von Oeynhausen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Oeynhausen" class="extiw" title="de:Adolf von Oeynhausen">de</a>]</span> (1877-1953).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Himmler decided to buy or lease the castle on his first visit on 3 November 1933. His architect, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bartels" title="Hermann Bartels">Hermann Bartels</a>, was able to draw on existing plans for the FAD camp, for the now envisaged <i>Reichsführerschule SS</i> (SS Leadership School). This school was mainly intended to ensure a unified ideological training of the SS leadership and would be run by the <i>Rasseamt</i> of the SS.<sup id="cite_ref-Hüser_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hüser-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Negotiations were difficult, however, since the <i>Landrat</i> of Büren was unwilling to give up control of the castle. In the first half of 1934, a 100-year lease was agreed for the symbolic annual rent of <a href="/wiki/Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">ℛℳ</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>1. Initial work on the school by the FAD had started in January 1934. That August, Manfred von Knobelsdorf, a brother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Walther_Darr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Walther Darré">Walther Darré</a> and former professional soldier, moved in with his family as <i>Burghauptmann</i>. Himmler officially took over the Wewelsburg in a large ceremony on 22 September 1934. The <i>Völkischer Beobachter</i>, in reporting on the event, while mentioning the Germanic and historic past of the region, emphasized the educational aspects.<sup id="cite_ref-Takeover_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, Himmler announced that the SS-castle was to be officially called "SS-Schule Haus Wewelsburg" ("SS School, House Wewelsburg").<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focus of the school was to become: "<i>Germanische Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Volkstumskunde u. a. als Rüstzeug zur weltanschaulich-politischen Schulung</i>" (i.e. "Germanic pre- and early history, folklore studies, etc. as an equipment for ideological-political training").<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knobelsdorff envisioned a kind of Nordic academy.<sup id="cite_ref-Takeover_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is some speculation that it was <a href="/wiki/Karl_Maria_Wiligut" title="Karl Maria Wiligut">Karl Maria Wiligut</a> who convinced Himmler to use the castle not only as a school but also as a cult site; Wiligut allegedly was inspired by the old <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalian</a> legend of the "Battle at the Birch Tree" (<i>Schlacht am Birkenbaum</i>). The saga tells about a future "last battle at the birch tree", in which a "huge army from the East" is beaten decisively by the "West". During 1935, Wiligut reportedly predicted to Himmler that the Wewelsburg would be the "bastion". Himmler expected a big conflict between Asia and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wewelsburg_SS_School">Wewelsburg SS School</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wewelsburg SS School"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Knobelsdorf led the "SS School, House Wewelsburg". But very quickly the focus of activity shifted away from schooling the SS leadership in a broad set of ideological fields to something much narrower. In fact, work concentrated more on conducting basic pseudo-scientific research in the fields of Germanic pre- and early history, medieval history, folklore and genealogy (<i>Sippenforschung</i>), all intended to provide the underpinnings for the racial teachings of the SS. A scientific library was established. But even the first plans by Bartels from early 1934 did not show any large-scale class rooms, only smaller cell-like rooms for individual study. Among those active at the Wewelsburg was <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Teudt" title="Wilhelm Teudt">Wilhelm Teudt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Takeover_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knobelsdorf_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knobelsdorf-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fields_of_activity">Fields of activity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fields of activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wewelsburg Castle was also a centre for archaeological excavations in the region. Fields of activity included study of prehistory and ancient history (directed by Wilhelm Jordan, who led excavations in the region), study of medieval history and folklife (directed by Karlernst Lasch from March 1935), build-up of the "Library of the Schutzstaffel in Wewelsburg" (directed by Dr. Hans Peter des Coudres), and strengthening the National Socialist worldview in the village of Wewelsburg (directed by Walter Franzius).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This latter activity included such work as renovation of a timbered house in the center of the village of Wewelsburg – the "<i>Ottens Hof</i>" – between 1935 and 1937 for use as a village community center. Franzius also undertook various other architectural tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crew">Crew</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The castle crew consisted of members of all SS branches, the "General SS" ("<i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></i>"), the police and the "Armed SS" ("<i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i>").<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also working at the castle were proponents of a kind of SS esotericism consisting of Germanic mysticism, an ancestor cult, worship of <a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">runes</a>, and racial doctrines. Himmler, for example, adapted the idea of the <a href="/wiki/Grail" class="mw-redirect" title="Grail">Grail</a> to create a heathen mystery for the SS.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Redesign_and_reconstruction">Redesign and reconstruction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Redesign and reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No proof exists that Himmler wanted a Grail castle, but redesign of the castle by the SS referred to certain characters in the legends of the Grail: for example, one of the arranged study rooms was named <i>Gral</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Grail" class="mw-redirect" title="Grail">Grail</a>"), and others, <i>König Artus</i> ("<a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>"), <i>König Heinrich</i> ("King Henry", referring to <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry the Fowler</a> to whom Himmler claimed a connection),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Heinrich der Löwe</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a>"), <i><a href="/wiki/Widukind" title="Widukind">Widukind</a></i>, <i>Christoph Kolumbus</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>"), <i>Arier</i> ("Aryan"), <i>Jahrlauf</i> ("course of the seasons"), <i>Runen</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">runes</a>"), <i>Westfalen</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>"), <i>Deutscher Orden</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Order</a>"), <i>Reichsführerzimmer</i> ("Room of the Empire's Leader(s)"; <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></i>, or "the Reich's Leader of the SS" was Himmler's title), <i>Fridericus</i> (probably in reference to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Prussia">Frederick II of Prussia</a>), <i>tolle Christian</i> ("Christian the Great", probably referring to <a href="/wiki/Christian_the_Younger_of_Brunswick,_Bishop_of_Halberstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt">Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Bishop of Halberstadt</a>), and <i>Deutsche Sprache</i> ("German language"). In addition to these study rooms, the SS created guest rooms, a dining room, an auditorium, a canteen kitchen, and a photographic laboratory with an archive.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Oak was used to panel and furnish these rooms, though (according to contemporary witnesses) only sparingly. All interior decoration was shaped by an SS sensibility in art and culture; the preferred elements of design were based on runes, <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastikas</a>, and Germanically interpreted <i>Sinnzeichen</i> (sense characters).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tableware, decorated with runes and Germanic symbols of salvation, was manufactured specifically for Wewelsburg Castle, and Himmler's private collection of weapons was housed in the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, the eastern castle bridge was built and the castle <a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">moat</a> lowered. The exterior plaster was removed to make the building look more castle-like. The following year, a smithy was established on the ground floor of the North Tower for manufacture of the wrought-iron interior decoration of the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western and southern wings of the castle were rebuilt between 1934 and 1938; the eastern, between 1936 and 1938. The first new building, the guardhouse (<i>Wachgebäude</i>), was constructed next to the castle<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wewelsburg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1937. An SS sentry post and a small circular location (<i>Rondell</i>) were placed next to the guardhouse, as was a no longer extant SS staff building (<i>SS-Stabsgebäude</i>). The North Tower was strengthened and rebuilt between 1938 and 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1939, the castle was also furnished with miscellaneous objects of art,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including prehistoric objects (chiefly arranged by the teaching and research group <a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Das Ahnenerbe</a>), objects of past historical eras, and works of contemporary sculptors and painters (mainly works by such artists as <a href="/wiki/Karl_Diebitsch" title="Karl Diebitsch">Karl Diebitsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Willrich" title="Wolfgang Willrich">Wolfgang Willrich</a>, and Hans Lohbeck – that is, art in line with the aesthetics of National Socialism).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Directors">Directors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first commandant of the castle (<i>Burghauptmann von Wewelsburg</i>), from August 1934, was SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Obersturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmbannführer">Obersturmbannführer</a></i> (Lieutenant Colonel) Manfred von Knobelsdorff.<sup id="cite_ref-Takeover_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was partial to Karl Maria Wiligut's religious theories. The opinion of other SS-scientists about Wiligut were absolutely negative. SS-<i>Obersturmbannfuhrer</i> von Knobelsdorff was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Taubert" title="Siegfried Taubert">Siegfried Taubert</a> on 30 January 1938. Because Taubert was consigned to various other tasks he was absent from the castle for longer periods.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>So-called "SS-marriage-consecrations" (<i>SS-Eheweihen</i>) took place at the castle. </p><p>Since 1936, Himmler (who was often present at the castle) wanted more and more to expand the Wewelsburg to be a representative and ideological center of the SS Order. Consequently, although at first planned to be an educational training center, during the 1930s increasing measures were taken to transform the castle into an isolated central meeting place for the highest ranking SS-officers.<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_background_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_background-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financing">Financing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For financing the project, Himmler founded in 1936 the "Gesellschaft zur Förderung und Pflege deutscher Kulturdenkmäler e.V." (Association for the advancement and maintenance of German cultural relics (registered association)) and assigned the association as building developer. In contrast to the SS, the association was allowed to receive donations and loans. Until 1943, the project cost 15 million <a href="/wiki/Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">ℛ︁ℳ︁</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Takeover_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bans_on_visitation_and_publication">Bans on visitation and publication</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bans on visitation and publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 November 1935, Himmler forbade visiting the castle without express permission.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939, he further forbade publishing anything about the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Construction_and_modifications_after_1938">Construction and modifications after 1938</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Construction and modifications after 1938"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiwilliger_Arbeitsdienst" class="extiw" title="de:Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst">Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst</a></i> (the "FAD", "Voluntary Labour Service") ceased work on Wewelsburg, the <i>Reichsarbeitsdienst</i> (the "RAD", "Reich Labour Service") carried out modifications to the castle; but in 1938, the RAD was relocated to the "<i>Westwall</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Takeover_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1939 and 1943, prisoners from the <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niederhagen_concentration_camp" title="Niederhagen concentration camp">Niederhagen concentration camps</a> were used as labourers to perform much of the construction work on Wewelsburg, under the design of architect <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bartels" title="Hermann Bartels">Hermann Bartels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by a decree of 13 January 1943, all building projects which were unimportant for the war – including the Wewelsburg – had to be stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-Takeover_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, after <i><a href="/wiki/Reichskristallnacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichskristallnacht">Reichskristallnacht</a></i>, 17 Jews from <a href="/wiki/Salzkotten" title="Salzkotten">Salzkotten</a>, ten kilometers (about six miles) distant, were held in the dungeon of the Wewelsburg before transportation to the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the middle of the 1930s, Himmler had a private safe mounted in the basement of the west tower. Only the commandant of the castle knew about it. The whereabouts of its content after the Second World War is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Meetings_of_SS-Leaders">Meetings of SS-Leaders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Meetings of SS-Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Swearing-in ceremonies were planned at the castle. Meetings of SS-<i>Gruppenführer</i> (equivalent to lieutenant-generals) at so called "spring conferences" were planned since 1939. Some talks probably took place at Wewelsburg Castle; the only documented <i>Gruppenführers'</i> meeting was held from 12 to 15 June 1941 – one week before the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>. The highest ranking SS-officers, who planned the SS operation in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> or who were intended to be used for the operation, were called up by Himmler. Concrete decisions were not made. The meeting's purpose was the ideological preparation of the attendant SS leaders for the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_background_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_background-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another source mentions three or four ceremonies a year of SS leaders which took place at the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicholas_Goodrick_Clarke,_p._197_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicholas_Goodrick_Clarke,_p._197-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the war, Himmler ordered that Wewelsburg Castle should become the <i>Reichshaus der SS-Gruppenführer</i> (Reich-House of the SS-Gruppenführer).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death's_head_rings"><span id="Death.27s_head_rings"></span>Death's head rings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Death's head rings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1938, Himmler ordered the return of all <a href="/wiki/SS-Ehrenring" title="SS-Ehrenring">death's head rings</a> (German: <i>Totenkopfringe</i>) of dead SS-men and officers. They were to be stored in a chest in the castle. This was to symbolize the ongoing membership of the deceased in the SS-Order.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whereabouts of the approximately 11,500 rings after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> is unknown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SS_plans">SS plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: SS plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_1944).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%28%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_1944%29.gif/200px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%28%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_1944%29.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%28%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_1944%29.gif/300px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%28%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_1944%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%28%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_1944%29.gif/400px-%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3_%28%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_1944%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>SS blueprint for the planned construction of the area around Wewelsburg. The small triangle in the center of the circle, forming the tip of the "spear", is Wewelsburg.</figcaption></figure> <p>Himmler's plans included making it the "center of the new world" ("<i>Zentrum der neuen Welt</i>") following the "final victory". The monumental estate was never realized; only detailed plans and models exist. The installation of a 15 to 18-meter-high wall in the shape of a three-quarter circle<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wewelsburg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 18 towers including the actual castle area centred on the North Tower of the castle, 860 m in diameter, was planned. The real purpose of the project was never clearly defined. Inside of this castle area, buildings were planned for the exclusive purposes of the <i>Reichsführung-SS</i> (Reich Leadership-SS).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The main road of an SS village was also to be centred on the North Tower of the castle with a diameter of 1270 m. This road was to be connected with three radial roads and gates with the castle area. The residential area was to be placed in the northwest, the centre of the village in the north, and the SS-barracks in the west of the castle area; between the barracks and village a villa colony for higher SS-leaders; in the southwest farmsteads.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the architectural plans from 1941, the estate had the shape of a spear pointing towards the north; the 2 km long access avenue with four tree rows<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> road looks like a spear shaft with an access to the Rhynern – Kassel <a href="/wiki/Reichsautobahn" title="Reichsautobahn">Reichsautobahn</a> (freeway) to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan from 1944 shows the castle as the top of a triangular estate surrounded by further buildings. The plans also included a "Hall of the High Court of the SS" (<i>Saal des Hohen Gerichtes der SS</i>), streets, parkways, magnificent buildings,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Wewelsburg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a dam with a power plant, freeway accesses and an airport.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1941 on, (after Hitler's successful military campaigns against Poland and France) the architects called the complex the "Center of the World". It was to be finished within twenty years. The complex was to be a center of the "species-appropriate religion" (<i>artgemäße Religion</i>) and a representative estate for the <i>SS-Führerkorps</i> (SS leader corps). If the plans had been realized, the entire village of Wewelsburg and adjacent villages would have disappeared. The population was to be resettled. The valley was to be flooded.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 250 million <a href="/wiki/Reichsmark" title="Reichsmark">Reichsmark</a> were budgeted for the estate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Tower">North Tower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: North Tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inside the North Tower, two mythologic designed rooms were created (1938–1943): </p><p>The <i>Obergruppenführersaal</i> (SS Generals' Hall) and the <i>Gruft</i> (vault). Their ceilings were cast in concrete and faced with natural stone. On the upper floors a further hall was planned. The axis of this tower was to be the actual "Center of the World" (<i>Mittelpunkt der Welt</i>). A preparation for an eternal flame in the vault, a swastika ornament in its zenith, and the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Black_Sun_(symbol)" title="Black Sun (symbol)">Black Sun</a>" symbol embedded in the floor of the "Obergruppenführersaal" lie on this axis. Although both rooms appear to have a ceremonial purpose, nothing is known about if, or how, the rooms were ever used. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Wewelsburg_Castle_-_Crypt_Ritual_Dungeon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Crypt, or ritual dungeon, in the north tower in Wewelsburg Castle. The Swastika in the capstone of the ceiling is still present." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/SS_Wewelsburg_Castle_-_Crypt_Ritual_Dungeon.jpg/220px-SS_Wewelsburg_Castle_-_Crypt_Ritual_Dungeon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/SS_Wewelsburg_Castle_-_Crypt_Ritual_Dungeon.jpg/330px-SS_Wewelsburg_Castle_-_Crypt_Ritual_Dungeon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/SS_Wewelsburg_Castle_-_Crypt_Ritual_Dungeon.jpg/440px-SS_Wewelsburg_Castle_-_Crypt_Ritual_Dungeon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>The Crypt or ritual dungeon in the north tower in Wewelsburg Castle. The Swastika symbol in the capstone of the ceiling is still present.</figcaption></figure> <p>Where a primary <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cistern</a> was originally located, a vault after the model of Mycenaean domed tombs was hewn into the rock, possibly to serve as some kind of commemoration of the dead. The room is unfinished. The floor was lowered 4.80 meters. The foundation of the tower was firmed with concrete, and a gas pipe leading to the centre was embedded, suggesting that an eternal flame was probably planned for the centre of this space. Twelve pedestals were placed around the perimeter, each with a wall niche above it; the purpose is unknown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schwarze_Sonne_Obergruppenf%C3%BChrersaal_(SS_Generals%27_Hall).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schwarze_Sonne_Obergruppenf%C3%BChrersaal_%28SS_Generals%27_Hall%29.jpg/220px-Schwarze_Sonne_Obergruppenf%C3%BChrersaal_%28SS_Generals%27_Hall%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schwarze_Sonne_Obergruppenf%C3%BChrersaal_%28SS_Generals%27_Hall%29.jpg/330px-Schwarze_Sonne_Obergruppenf%C3%BChrersaal_%28SS_Generals%27_Hall%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schwarze_Sonne_Obergruppenf%C3%BChrersaal_%28SS_Generals%27_Hall%29.jpg/440px-Schwarze_Sonne_Obergruppenf%C3%BChrersaal_%28SS_Generals%27_Hall%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption><i>Obergruppenführersaal</i> (SS Generals' Hall), with the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Black_Sun_(symbol)" title="Black Sun (symbol)">Black Sun</a>" on the hall floor</figcaption></figure> <p>On the ground floor the <i>Obergruppenführersaal</i> (literally translated: Upper-Group-Leaders-Hall, referring to the original twelve highest ranking SS-generals, called <i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i>), a hall with twelve columns joined by a groined vault, twelve window- and door-niches and eight longitudinal windows was created. The room was almost finished; the rebuilding work stopped in 1943. Assumedly it was to serve as a representative hall for the SS-<i>Obergruppenführer</i>. In the centre of the marbled whitish/grayish floor a dark green <a href="/wiki/Sun_wheel_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun wheel (symbol)">sun wheel</a> (<i>Sonnenrad</i>) is embedded. The axis of the sun wheel consisted of a circular plate of pure gold, which was to symbolize the center of the castle and thus the entire "Germanic world empire".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since the 1990s, the ornament has been called the "<a href="/wiki/Black_Sun_(symbol)" title="Black Sun (symbol)">Black Sun</a>" occasionally. It is not known if the SS had a special name for the ornament nor if they attributed a special meaning to it. Possibly the sun wheel had a relation to the Germanic light- and sun-mysticism which was propagated by the SS. Today, it is used as a symbol in <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a> and in a variety of subcultures. However, the ornament has only been linked to the esoteric neo-Nazi concept of the Black Sun after 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> inscription above the entrance "<i>Domus mea domus orationis vocabitur</i>" ("My house shall be called a house of prayer") reminds of the prince-episcopalian chapel which was originally located on the ground floor of the tower.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The upper floors were to be completed as a multi-storied hall with a big dome.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was to be a prestigious meeting hall for the entire corps of the SS-<i>Gruppenführer</i>. This room was only planned. In order to realize the hall the upper half of the tower was dismantled in winter 1941/42.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blasting_operation">Blasting operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Blasting operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the "final victory" failed to materialize, the castle commander (or <i>Burghauptmann</i>), SS General Siegfried Taubert, fled on 30 March 1945 as the U.S. <a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division (United States)">3rd Armored Division</a> closed in on the Paderborn area in the final phases of the war. Meanwhile, at his headquarters in Brenzlau, Himmler ordered adjutant SS Major <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Macher" title="Heinz Macher">Heinz Macher</a>, with 15 of his men, to destroy the Wewelsburg. This took place on Saturday 31 March only three days before the 83rd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division (United States)">3rd Armored Division</a> seized the grounds after reports from a nearby <i><a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">Bürgermeister</a></i> that "SS men had set fire to their barracks in the castle, changed into civilian clothes and fled."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Because Macher's company ran out of explosives, they placed tank mines only in the unimportant southeast tower, the guard-building and the SS-cadre-building which was completely destroyed. The castle was set on fire and – according to information of the village citizens – the castle was open to looting.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members">Members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>: Aegis</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Schupping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Schupping (page does not exist)">Erich Schupping</a>: Commandant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Taubert" title="Siegfried Taubert">Siegfried Taubert</a>: Commandant</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Elstermann_von_Elster_Stabsf%C3%BChrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Elstermann von Elster Stabsführer (page does not exist)">Karl Elstermann von Elster Stabsführer</a>: replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_H%C3%BCbner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Hübner (page does not exist)">Paul Hübner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_M%C3%BCller_(SS_officer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Müller (SS officer) (page does not exist)">Walter Muller</a>: Hauptsturmführer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Schneid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Schneid (page does not exist)">Josef Schneid</a>: Hauptsturmführer also known as Pepi</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Franzius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Franzius (page does not exist)">Walter Franzius</a>: architect brought on board in October 1935</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Lasch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Lasch (page does not exist)">Karl Lasch</a></li> <li>Dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Peter_de_Courdes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Peter de Courdes (page does not exist)">Hans-Peter de Courdes</a>: until May 1939</li> <li>Dr <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Frank" title="Bernhard Frank">Bernhard Frank</a>: SS Commander of the Obersalzberg</li> <li>Dr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Hagel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Hagel (page does not exist)">Heinrich Hagel</a> (physician): Obersturmbannführer</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Jordan_(nazi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Jordan (nazi) (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfriede_Wippermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfriede Wippermann (page does not exist)">Elfriede Wippermann</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legends_and_interpretations">Legends and interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Legends and interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>According to rumours, the Death's Head Rings were to be buried in the vault. The vault, allegedly dubbed the "Himmler Crypt", was (allegedly) dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Heinrich I</a>, founder and first king of the medieval German state (see <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>), of whom Himmler reportedly believed himself to be the <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a> and where he hoped to be interred after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assertion is unproven. In Himmler's opinion, <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Heinrich I</a> protected Germany from invaders from the "East", as popularized in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)" title="Lohengrin (opera)">Lohengrin</a></i> opera.<sup id="cite_ref-DVD_Schwarze_Sonne_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVD_Schwarze_Sonne-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Leading representatives of the Third Reich were fascinated by the story of the "Holy Grail". Hitler admired Richard Wagner's operas <i><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)" title="Lohengrin (opera)">Lohengrin</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitler himself never visited the castle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Himmler reportedly imagined the castle as a focus for the rebirth of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the Round Table</a> and appointed twelve SS officers as his followers, who would gather at various rooms throughout the castle and perform unknown <a href="/wiki/Neo-Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Paganism">neo-Paganistic</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Neo-Gnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Gnostic">neo-Gnostic</a> rites. The SS had twelve main departments (SS-Hauptämter) with twelve leaders. The number twelve plays a major role in the design of the North Tower: twelve pedestals in the vault, twelve pillars and niches in the "Obergruppenführersaal", and twelve spokes of the sun wheel. In the study on ancient sense characters during the Third Reich, the sun in general was interpreted as "the strongest and most visible expression of God", the number twelve as documented for "the things of the target and the completion".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With reference to the number 12 in their studies on Germanic mythology a relation was drawn to "the twelve <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a> of divine kind who have (according to the <a href="/wiki/Edda" title="Edda">Edda</a>) twelve domiciles and twelve stallions" and to the "twelve rivers which flow from the fountain <i>Hwergelmir</i> in <a href="/wiki/Niflheim" title="Niflheim">Niflheim</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Quote of former SS-General Karl Wolff referring to the <i>Obergruppenführersaal</i>: "This was a part of the myth which was to be introduced here. These are the twelve compartments(*), they were created according to mystic-confused things with which Himmler liked to play, of the <a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a> of King Arthur. In fact we were twelve main department leaders (<i>Hauptamtchefs</i>) who represented equally next to each other their service areas because Himmler didn't have the courage to appoint a Deputy-Reichsführer-SS or a Deputy Chief of the German police."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (* German original sound record: "Postamente": this could refer to the twelve columns; there is also speculation about twelve heraldic emblems<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the twelve leading SS Generals which were to be placed inside the hall.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Allegedly the "Obergruppenführersaal" has similarities with the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Theodoric" title="Mausoleum of Theodoric">Mausoleum of Theodoric</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>When one of the officers died, his ashes would be interred in the castle. There is speculation that the urns of dead SS leaders would have been placed on the pedestals in the vault. The vault is also named "consecration-hall" (Weihehalle).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The exact meaning of the vault is unknown. Nevertheless, the room is significant for the quasi-religious aspects of National Socialism – especially the ancestral cult. A possible interpretation of the symbolic character of the eternal flame in general according to solemn beliefs which had established during the NS-era especially in SS circles:<sup id="cite_ref-DVD_Schwarze_Sonne_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DVD_Schwarze_Sonne-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the fire they wanted to feel the soul of ancestors. The symbol of the eternal flame<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stood for the aspiration of the ancestral soul from which man arises at his birth and which he reenters at his death. Consecration-sites and -events suggested the immortality of the people's soul. By sacral-architecture and spectacular mass-events the subconsciousness of the masses was influenced by pseudo-religious ideas. The two cult rooms inside the North Tower were built to deepen the own "mission".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In 1938, <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Taubert" title="Siegfried Taubert">Siegfried Taubert</a> was in charge of developing the castle, when Himmler inquired about the cost of installing a <a href="/wiki/Planetarium" title="Planetarium">planetarium</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. To round off the subjects taught at the Wewelsburg SS school a teacher was sought who should draw cross-connections between astronomy and history and the folklife of the ancestors so that the historical and ideological schooling was to be enhanced and deepened by the "cosmic view" (kosmische Schau).<sup id="cite_ref-Letter_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letter-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>According to the writer J. von Helsing, the recovered unknown flying object that crashed in the <a href="/wiki/Schwarzwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwarzwald">Schwarzwald</a> (Black Forest) near Freiburg in 1936 was taken to the Wewelsburg castle, where a reverse engineering project was launched, reportedly leading to the construction of several very advanced flying machines towards the end of the World War II. This subject is often featured in popular culture and science fiction; The <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History Channel</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Aliens" title="Ancient Aliens">Ancient Aliens</a></i> features the Freiburg disc crash in their episode "Alien and the Third Reich" (Season 2, episode 5).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niederhagen_Camp">Niederhagen Camp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Niederhagen Camp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Niederhagen_concentration_camp" title="Niederhagen concentration camp">Niederhagen concentration camp</a></div> <p>Just offsite of Wewelsburg was the smallest German <a href="/wiki/Konzentrationslager" class="mw-redirect" title="Konzentrationslager">KZ</a>, Niederhagen prison and labour camp.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Begun on June 17, 1940, the camp was completed the following year and named after Niederhagen Forest, the name Himmler had given to the forest outside the castle several years earlier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It began with 480 prisoners from <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen</a>, and grew to 1,200, consisting chiefly of Soviet <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> and captured foreign labourers shipped to Germany, although early in its life it was also a gathering point for <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witness">Jehovah's Witness</a> prisoners. Correspondingly, a large percentage of the concentration camp inmates at Niederhagen who were working on the Wewelsburg Castle were indeed Jehovah's Witnesses, perhaps the only place where they constituted the core KZ population.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>'s December 1942 <a href="/wiki/Korherr_Report" title="Korherr Report">Korherr Report</a>, it was reported to have only housed 12 Jews, all of whom had died.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 3,900 prisoners held during the camp's existence, 1,285 died of <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> and 56 were formally executed. In August 1942, the Allies began deciphering death tolls transmitted from the camps; Niederhagen had reported 21 deaths for that month.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The camp was dissolved in 1943 with most of the prisoners resettled in <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchenwald">Buchenwald</a>, though several dozen prisoners remained behind, housed directly in Wewelsburg.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SS-<a href="/wiki/Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptsturmführer">Hauptsturmführer</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Haas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Haas (page does not exist)">Adolf Haas</a>, who had overseen the camp from its beginning, was transferred to a command position at <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen</a>, while <i>Schutzhaftlagerführer</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Plaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Plaul (page does not exist)">Wolfgang Plaul</a> was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchenwald">Buchenwald</a>. SS-<i>Untersturmführer</i> Hermann Michl had last been recorded at the camp in 1942, and later appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Riga_ghetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Riga ghetto">Riga ghetto</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar">Postwar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948/49, the castle was restored.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 June 1950, the castle was reopened as a museum and youth hostel, while the Niederhagen kitchen had been renovated into a village <a href="/wiki/Fire_station" title="Fire station">fire station</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1973, a two-year project was begun to restore the North Tower. Due to a local government reform the Wewelsburg became property of the district of Paderborn in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1977, it had been decided to restore the entire site as a war monument. It opened on 20 March 1982 under the name <i>Wewelsburg 1933-1945: Kult- und Terrorstätte der SS</i> in the former SS guard house in the castle forecourt.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Niederhagen camp survivors were present.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1996, the Historical Museum of the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Paderborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Paderborn">Bishopric of Paderborn</a> (<i>Historisches Museum des Hochstifts Paderborn</i>) opened in the east- and south-wings.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum documents the history of the "Hochstift Paderborn" (<a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Paderborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Paderborn">Bishopric of Paderborn</a>) which was one of territories of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the museum's contemporary history department was reopened as "Wewelsburg 1933–1945 Memorial Museum". The new permanent exhibition "Ideology and terror of the SS" now presents the history of the Schutzstaffel's activities in Wewelsburg within the broader context of the SS as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-Timetable_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, a memorial was built in honour of the deceased Niederhagen prisoners; four years later, the Kreismuseum Wewelsburg was granted <a href="/wiki/German_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="German mark">DM</a> 29,400 for restoring and moving the remnants of the Niederhagen camp, as well as producing an educational film on the Ukrainian and Russian prisoners who were housed there. In 2006 and 2007, it hosted the annual <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacia_Seminario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacia Seminario (page does not exist)">Internacia Seminario</a>, a meeting of <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> youth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Youth hostel Wewelsburg, with 218 beds, is located in the west wing of the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Historical Museum of the Prince Bishopric of Paderborn</i> is located in the south and east wings.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreismuseum_Wewelsburg_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreismuseum_Wewelsburg-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, a museum about the Nazi use of the castle opened. A news item stated that the exhibition "dubbed the world's first dedicated entirely to the dreaded Schutzstaffel, charts its growth from Hitler's elite guard to a band of a million men who committed unspeakable crimes across Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A discussion of tours of the castle on the <a href="/wiki/Expedia" title="Expedia">Expedia</a> web site in 2020 included this information: "...head to the former guardhouse in the forecourt for the Wewelsburg 1933-1945 Memorial Museum. Browse the free and fascinating exhibit <i>Ideology and Terror of the SS</i>". A fee applied to tour the castle, however.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreismuseum_Wewelsburg_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreismuseum_Wewelsburg-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kreismuseum Wewelsburg web site stated that the exhibition "utilises a comprehensive media concept as well as classical image and text elements. Many qualitative, original exhibits such as Heinrich Himmler’s pocket calendar, concentration camp barrack walls and prisoners’ clothing are on display".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiemsee_Cauldron" title="Chiemsee Cauldron">Chiemsee Cauldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Macher" title="Heinz Macher">Heinz Macher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazism and occultism">Nazism and occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordensburg_Vogelsang" title="Ordensburg Vogelsang">Ordensburg Vogelsang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">"Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult- and terror place of the SS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>lwl.org</i>. p. 214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lwl.org&rft.atitle=Wewelsburg+1933%E2%80%931945.+Cult-+and+terror+place+of+the+SS&rft.pages=214&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwl.org%2Fwestfaelische-geschichte%2Ftxt%2Fnormal%2Ftxt234.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Bjorkman, "Heinrich Himmler: Hitler's Executioner," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwartwo.filminspector.com/2014/05/heinrich-himmler-hitlers-executioner.html">World War II in Pictures</a>, Retrieved 5 January 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timetable-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timetable_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wewelsburg.de/en/kreismuseum-wewelsburg/besucherinformationen/geschichte-der-burg.php">History of Wewelsburg Castle</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wewelsburg.de/en/index.php">Kreismuseum Wewelsburg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Wewelsburg-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Wewelsburg_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wewelsburg-alte-muehle.de/text/wburg.htm">The Wewelsburg</a> (History of the castle – in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364845">"Adolf von Oeynhausen"</a>. <i>www.wikidata.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wikidata.org&rft.atitle=Adolf+von+Oeynhausen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fwiki%2FQ364845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hüser-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hüser_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHüserBrebeck2002" class="citation book cs1">Hüser, Karl; Brebeck, Wulff E. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/seite1_westf_bild.php?urlID=331"><i>Wewelsburg 1933-1945, Kultstätte des SS-Ordens. Einführung (German)</i></a>. Münster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wewelsburg+1933-1945%2C+Kultst%C3%A4tte+des+SS-Ordens.+Einf%C3%BChrung+%28German%29&rft.pub=M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCser&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Brebeck%2C+Wulff+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwl.org%2Fwestfaelische-geschichte%2Fportal%2FInternet%2Finput_felder%2Fseite1_westf_bild.php%3FurlID%3D331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Takeover-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Takeover_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takeover_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takeover_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takeover_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takeover_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takeover_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takeover_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=497&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">"Kirsten John-Stucke: 22 September 1934 – Takeover of the Wewelsburg by Heinrich Himmler(German)"</a>. Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe. 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kirsten+John-Stucke%3A+22+September+1934+%E2%80%93+Takeover+of+the+Wewelsburg+by+Heinrich+Himmler%28German%29&rft.pub=Landschaftsverband+Westfalen-Lippe&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwl.org%2Fwestfaelische-geschichte%2Fportal%2FInternet%2Finput_felder%2FlangDatensatz_ebene4.php%3FurlID%3D497%26url_tabelle%3Dtab_websegmente&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.schoeningh.de/uploads/tx_mbooks/9783506780942_leseprobe.pdf">[1]</a> Extract from <i>Mythos Wewelsburg - facts and legends</i>, page 20 (in German).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letter_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=1044&url_tabelle=tab_quelle">"Letter from Oberscharführer Lasch to Otto Sigfrid Reuter of 14 October 1935(German)"</a>. Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe. 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+from+Oberscharf%C3%BChrer+Lasch+to+Otto+Sigfrid+Reuter+of+14+October+1935%28German%29&rft.pub=Landschaftsverband+Westfalen-Lippe&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwl.org%2Fwestfaelische-geschichte%2Fportal%2FInternet%2Ffinde%2FlangDatensatz.php%3FurlID%3D1044%26url_tabelle%3Dtab_quelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relinfo.ch/wiligut/info.html">Karl Maria Wiligut</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knobelsdorf-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knobelsdorf_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=474&url_tabelle=tab_medien">"Manfred von Knobelsdorff (German)"</a>. Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe. 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manfred+von+Knobelsdorff+%28German%29&rft.pub=Landschaftsverband+Westfalen-Lippe&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lwl.org%2Fwestfaelische-geschichte%2Fportal%2FInternet%2Ffinde%2FlangDatensatz.php%3FurlID%3D474%26url_tabelle%3Dtab_medien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ottenshof.de/html/geschichte.html">Country inn <i>Ottens Hof</i> – History</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult and terror place of the SS"</a> p. 248-249 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult and terror place of the SS"</a> p. 212 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult and terror place of the SS"</a> p. 278 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willi_Frischauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willi Frischauer (page does not exist)">Frischauer, Willi</a> (1953). <i>Himmler, the Evil Genius of the Third Reich</i>. Odhams. (pages 85-88)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult and terror place of the SS"</a> pp. 218, 224, 225, 226 and 277 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Höffkes, Stuart Russell: Die Wewelsburg – Das weltanschauliche Zentrum der SS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult and terror place of the SS"</a> p. 223 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult and terror place of the SS"</a> p. 225 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult and terror place of the SS"</a> pp. 225–29 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult- and terror place of the SS"</a> pp. 281 and 243 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historical_background-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_background_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_background_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wewelsburg.de/de/wewelsburg-1933-1945/historischer-hintergrund.php">Historical background</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704180651/http://www.wewelsburg.de/de/wewelsburg-1933-1945/historischer-hintergrund.php">Archived</a> 2010-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.schoeningh.de/uploads/tx_mbooks/9783506780942_leseprobe.pdf">[2]</a> Extract from <i>Mythos Wewelsburg - facts and legends</i>, p. 20 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult- and terror place of the SS"</a> pp. 222–23 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=133&url_tabelle=tab_texte">Wewelsburg – Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311011405/http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=133&url_tabelle=tab_texte">Archived</a> 2007-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.judentum-in-salzkotten.de/Geschichte/geschichte.html">History of the Jewish population of Salzkotten</a> (in German).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicholas_Goodrick_Clarke,_p._197-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nicholas_Goodrick_Clarke,_p._197_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Goodrick Clarke: <i>Die okkulten Wurzen des Nationalsozialismus</i> (The Occult Roots of Nazism), p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704180651/http://www.wewelsburg.de/de/wewelsburg-1933-1945/historischer-hintergrund.php">"Wewelsburg – Historischer Hintergrund"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wewelsburg.de/de/wewelsburg-1933-1945/historischer-hintergrund.php">the original</a> on 2010-07-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wewelsburg+%E2%80%93+Historischer+Hintergrund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wewelsburg.de%2Fde%2Fwewelsburg-1933-1945%2Fhistorischer-hintergrund.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Goodrick Clarke: <i>Die okkulten Wurzen des Nationalsozialismus</i> (The occult roots of national socialism), p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=485&url_tabelle=tab_medien">Grossly exaggerated architect's plans for the Order Castle Wewelsburg</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/med/normal/bh-124-10.jpg">architectural drawing</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DVD Schwarze Sonne</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Strube: <i>Die Erfindung es esoterischen Nationalsozialismus im Zeichen der Schwarzen Sonne</i>. In: <i>Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft</i>, 20(2), 2012: pp. 223–268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult- and terror place of the SS"</a> p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808120045/http://kriegsende.ard.de/pages_std_lib/0,3275,OID1192336,00.html">Wewelsburg: SS-cult and KZ-terror</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">60 years end of war – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808120045/http://kriegsende.ard.de/pages_std_lib/0,3275,OID1192336,00.html">Wewelsburg: SS-cult und KZ-terror</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrischauer,_Willi1953" class="citation book cs1">Frischauer, Willi (1953). <i>Himmler, the Evil Genius of the Third Reich</i>. London: Odhams. pp. 85–88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himmler%2C+the+Evil+Genius+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=London&rft.pages=85-88&rft.pub=Odhams&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Frischauer%2C+Willi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKersten,_Felix1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Kersten" title="Felix Kersten">Kersten, Felix</a> (1957). <i>The Kersten Memoirs: 1940–1945</i>. New York: Macmillan. p. 238.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kersten+Memoirs%3A+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1957&rft.au=Kersten%2C+Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DVD_Schwarze_Sonne-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DVD_Schwarze_Sonne_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVD_Schwarze_Sonne_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">DVD <i>Schwarze Sonne</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/8659814/Hitler-and-Wagner.html">"Hitler and Wagner"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 25 Jul 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Hitler+and+Wagner&rft.date=2011-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Fclassicalmusic%2F8659814%2FHitler-and-Wagner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlachetta,_Walther1941" class="citation book cs1">Blachetta, Walther (1941). <i>Das Buch der deutschen Sinnzeichen (The book of German sense characters)</i>. pp. 15/16: interpretation of the sun and, p. 80: interpretation of the number twelve.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Buch+der+deutschen+Sinnzeichen+%28The+book+of+German+sense+characters%29&rft.pages=15%2F16%3A+interpretation+of+the+sun+and%2C+p.+80%3A+interpretation+of+the+number+twelve&rft.date=1941&rft.au=Blachetta%2C+Walther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlachetta,_Walther1941" class="citation book cs1">Blachetta, Walther (1941). <i>Das Buch der deutschen Sinnzeichen (The book of German sense characters)</i>. p. 80: interpretation of the number twelve.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Buch+der+deutschen+Sinnzeichen+%28The+book+of+German+sense+characters%29&rft.pages=80%3A+interpretation+of+the+number+twelve&rft.date=1941&rft.au=Blachetta%2C+Walther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wewelsburg-alte-muehle.de/text/wburg.htm">"History of the castle"</a>. <i>Wewelsburg-alte-mehle.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wewelsburg-alte-mehle.de&rft.atitle=History+of+the+castle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wewelsburg-alte-muehle.de%2Ftext%2Fwburg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWewelsburg" class="Z3988"></span> (In German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DVD <i>Schwarze Sonne</i>, bonus material, interview</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/55/ConferenceWebsite/downloads/Panel23.pdf">IVM.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Sofsky, <i>The Order of Terror: The Concentration Camp</i>, trans. William Templer (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997), p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ns-archiv.de/verfolgung/korherr/faksimile-lang/korherr-lang-13.php">NS-archive.de</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The concentration camp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ns-gedenkstaetten.de/nrw/de/wewelsburg/thema_1/">Niederhagen</a> (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult- and terror place of the SS"</a> p. 196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jugendherberge.de/en/youth-hostels/wewelsburg-386/portrait/">Youth Hostels</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kreismuseum_Wewelsburg-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kreismuseum_Wewelsburg_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kreismuseum_Wewelsburg_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expedia.co.uk/Wewelsburg-District-Museum-Bueren.d6335709.Attraction">Kreismuseum Wewelsburg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.de/20100415/26565">Nazi castle turned into museum dedicated to Hitler's dreaded SS 15 April 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wewelsburg.de/en/gedenkstaette-1933-1945/dauerausstellung.php">The permanent exhibition deology and Terror of the SS</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wewelsburg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wewelsburg">Wewelsburg</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618010228/http://kriegsende.ard.de/pages_std_lib/0,3275,OID1192336,00.html">Wewelsburg: SS-cult and KZ-terror</a> at 60 Jahre Kriegsende <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ns-gedenkstaetten.de/nrw/wewelsburg/besucherinformationen.html">NS Memorials in NRW</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/input_felder/langDatensatz_ebene4.php?urlID=497&url_tabelle=tab_websegmente">22 September 1934 – Takeover of the Wewelsburg by Heinrich Himmler</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatensatz.php?urlID=485&url_tabelle=tab_medien">Blueprints for the SS Order Castle Wewelsburg</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wewelsburg.de/en/index.php">Kreismuseum Wewelsburg</a> – Official Website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/txt/normal/txt234.pdf">Documentation "Wewelsburg 1933–1945. Cult- and terror place of the SS" 4.83 MB</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.djh-wl.de/de/jugendherbergen/wewelsburg">Hosteling International Page for Wewelsburg Hostel</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1221856/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmxXvQbtqP4RpdTTPJVYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4199190-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82127254">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559714605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20030566">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebidat.de/cgi-bin/ebidat.pl?id=4169">EBIDAT</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&oldid=1262457105">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wewelsburg&oldid=1262457105</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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