CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pedro Calderón de la Barca - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"69955525-6f51-4a50-92eb-fc68a5a6d1c6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca","wgTitle":"Pedro Calderón de la Barca","wgCurRevisionId":1260127440,"wgRevisionId":1260127440,"wgArticleId":217358,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Spanish-language text","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2014","Pages with Spanish IPA","Articles with hAudio microformats","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)", "Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica","Commons link from Wikidata","Articles with Project Gutenberg links","Articles with Internet Archive links","Articles with LibriVox links","1600 births","1681 deaths","17th-century Roman Catholics","17th-century Spanish dramatists and playwrights","17th-century Spanish poets","Baroque writers","Spanish Baroque people","Spanish Catholic poets","Spanish Golden Age","Spanish male dramatists and playwrights","Spanish male poets","Spanish people of Dutch descent","Spanish people of Flemish descent","Spanish Roman Catholic priests","Spanish Roman Catholic writers","University of Salamanca alumni","Writers from Madrid"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca","wgRelevantArticleId":217358,"wgIsProbablyEditable" :true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q170800","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg/1200px-Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1631"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg/800px-Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1087"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg/640px-Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="870"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pedro Calderón de la Barca - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca rootpage-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Style-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Style subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatrical_innovator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical_innovator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Theatrical innovator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical_innovator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy_of_Intrigue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy_of_Intrigue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Comedy of Intrigue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy_of_Intrigue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autos_Sacramentales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autos_Sacramentales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>Autos Sacramentales</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autos_Sacramentales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Operas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autos_Sacramentales_(Sacramental_plays)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autos_Sacramentales_(Sacramental_plays)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Autos Sacramentales (Sacramental plays)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autos_Sacramentales_(Sacramental_plays)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Comedies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7" title="بيدرو كالديرون دي لا باركا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيدرو كالديرون دي لا باركا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Calderón de la Barca – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Kalderon_de_la_Barka" title="Pedro Kalderon de la Barka – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pedro Kalderon de la Barka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="پدرو کالدرون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پدرو کالدرون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Кальдерон де ла Барка Педро – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кальдерон де ла Барка Педро" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педра Кальдэрон дэ ла Барка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Педра Кальдэрон дэ ла Барка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пэдра Кальдэрон дэ ля Барка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэдра Кальдэрон дэ ля Барка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педро Калдерон де ла Барка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Педро Калдерон де ла Барка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%B4%CE%B5_%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Πέδρο Καλντερόν δε λα Μπάρκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πέδρο Καλντερόν δε λα Μπάρκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="پدرو کالدرون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پدرو کالدرون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EC%B9%BC%EB%8D%B0%EB%A1%A0_%EB%8D%B0_%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B4" title="페드로 칼데론 데 라 바르카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페드로 칼데론 데 라 바르카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A5_%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Պեդրո Կալդերոն դե լա Բարկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պեդրո Կալդերոն դե լա Բարկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פדרו קלדרון דה לה ברקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פדרו קלדרון דה לה ברקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кальдерон де ла Барка – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кальдерон де ла Барка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barca_a_Pedro_Calderon" title="Barca a Pedro Calderon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Barca a Pedro Calderon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Кальдерон де ла Барка, Педро – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кальдерон де ла Барка, Педро" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Calderonius_de_la_Barca" title="Petrus Calderonius de la Barca – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Calderonius de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Kalderons_de_la_Barka" title="Pedro Kalderons de la Barka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pedro Kalderons de la Barka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педро Калдерон де ла Барка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Педро Калдерон де ла Барка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7" title="بيدرو كالديرون دى لا باركا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيدرو كالديرون دى لا باركا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB" title="ペドロ・カルデロン・デ・ラ・バルカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペドロ・カルデロン・デ・ラ・バルカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੀਡਰੋ ਕਾਲਡੇਰਨ ਦੇ ਲਾ ਬਾਰਗਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀਡਰੋ ਕਾਲਡੇਰਨ ਦੇ ਲਾ ਬਾਰਗਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Calderón de la Barca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Кальдерон де ла Барка, Педро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кальдерон де ла Барка, Педро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B2n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderòn de la Barca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pedro Calderòn de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="پيڊرو ڪليڊرون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پيڊرو ڪليڊرون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8E_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="پێدرۆ کاڵدێرۆن دێ لا بارکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێدرۆ کاڵدێرۆن دێ لا بارکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педро Калдерон де ла Барка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Педро Калдерон де ла Барка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педро Кальдерон де ла Барка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Педро Кальдерон де ла Барка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7" title="پدرو کالدرون ڈی لا باركا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پدرو کالدرون ڈی لا باركا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B2n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderòn de la Barca – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pedro Calderòn de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Calderón de la Barca – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E9%9A%86%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1" title="佩德罗·卡尔德隆·德·拉·巴尔卡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="佩德罗·卡尔德隆·德·拉·巴尔卡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1" title="德拉巴爾卡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德拉巴爾卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E9%9A%86%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1" title="佩德罗·卡尔德隆·德·拉·巴尔卡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佩德罗·卡尔德隆·德·拉·巴尔卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170800#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&oldid=1260127440" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&id=1260127440&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPedro_Calder%25C3%25B3n_de_la_Barca"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPedro_Calder%25C3%25B3n_de_la_Barca"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170800" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish playwright, poet, and writer (1600-1681)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Calderón de la Barca</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> González</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Don</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Las_Glorias_Nacionales,_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_(4013195639).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg/220px-Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg/330px-Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg/440px-Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="2238" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1600-01-17</span>)</span>17 January 1600<br /><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">25 May 1681<span style="display:none">(1681-05-25)</span> (aged 81)<br />Madrid, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Playwright, poet, writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Imperial_de_Madrid" title="Colegio Imperial de Madrid">Colegio Imperial de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Pedro José</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Diego Calderón (father)<br />Ana María de Henao (mother)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pedro Calderón de la Barca</b> (17 January 1600 – 25 May 1681) (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span>-/</a></span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈpeðɾo<span class="wrap"> </span>kaldeˈɾon<span class="wrap"> </span>de<span class="wrap"> </span>la<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈβaɾka]</a></span>; full name: <i>Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Barreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño</i>) was a Spanish dramatist, poet, and writer. He is known as one of the most distinguished <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baroque_literature" title="Spanish Baroque literature">poets and writers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a>, especially for the many <a href="/wiki/Verse_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Verse drama">verse dramas</a> he wrote for <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age_theatre" title="Spanish Golden Age theatre">the theatre</a>. Calderón has been termed "the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poet</a> of Spain, and one of the greatest poets and <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwrights</a> in the history of <a href="/wiki/World_literature" title="World literature">world literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calderón de la Barca was born into the minor <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">Spanish nobility</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, where he lived for most of his life. He served as soldier and a <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knight</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">military and religious</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">Order of Santiago</a>, but later became a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic priest">Roman Catholic priest</a>. His theatrical debut was a <a href="/wiki/History_play" class="mw-redirect" title="History play">history play</a> about the life of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, was first performed on 29 June 1623 at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Madrid" title="Royal Alcázar of Madrid">Royal Alcázar of Madrid</a>, during the surprise visit to Spain of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> to negotiate for a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Match" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Match">dynastic marriage alliance</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Habsburgs">Spanish Habsburgs</a>. </p><p>As he continued writing <a href="/wiki/Verse_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Verse drama">verse dramas</a>, Calderón's favorite theatrical genres included <a href="/wiki/Mystery_play" title="Mystery play">mystery plays</a> illustrating the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Real_Presence" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Presence">Real Presence</a> for performance during the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a> and both <a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_intrigue" title="Comedy of intrigue">comedy of intrigue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tragic_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragic theatre">tragic theatre</a> rooted in many of the same plot devices as Shakespeare's plays and in ethical dilemmas under the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">Spanish nobility</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Code_of_honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of honour">code of honour</a>. Born while the unwritten rules of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age_theatre" title="Spanish Golden Age theatre">Spanish Golden Age theatre</a> were still being defined by <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, Calderón pushed their limits even further by introducing radical and pioneering innovations that are now termed <a href="/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">metafiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a>. </p><p>His masterpiece, <i>La Vida es Sueño</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Life_is_a_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Life is a Dream">Life is a Dream</a>"), combines a <a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_beast" class="mw-redirect" title="Beauty and the beast">beauty and the beast</a> plotline, a disguised woman reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Viola_(Twelfth_Night)" title="Viola (Twelfth Night)">Viola</a> from Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i>, surrealist concepts, romantic complications, and the threat of a dynastic civil war, while exploring the philosophical question of whether each individual's fate <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">has already been written</a> without their involvement or if the future can be altered by <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a>. </p><p>Calderón's poetry and plays have since wielded an enormous global influence upon <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (art)">symbolism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">literary modernism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressionism_(theatre)" title="Expressionism (theatre)">expressionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian</a> <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernist literature">postmodernism</a>. His many admirers have included <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">August Wilhelm Schlegel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, Fr. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Sard%C3%A0_y_Salvany" title="Félix Sardà y Salvany">Félix Sardà y Salvany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hoffmannsthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo von Hoffmannsthal">Hugo von Hoffmannsthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ivanov_(poet)" title="Vyacheslav Ivanov (poet)">Vyacheslav Ivanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Stanislavsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin Stanislavsky">Konstantin Stanislavsky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a>. Furthermore, through the inter-mediation of Borges, Calderón de la Barca has also influenced <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a></i>. </p><p>In 1881, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> awarded a gold medal to Irish poet <a href="/wiki/Denis_Florence_MacCarthy" title="Denis Florence MacCarthy">Denis Florence MacCarthy</a> for his highly praised and accurate <a href="/wiki/Literary_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary translation">literary translations</a> of Calderón's verse dramas into English. In 2021, a renewed search for Calderón's missing remains gained media attention worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-fundacionhispanobritanica.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundacionhispanobritanica.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primera_parte_de_comedias_verdaderas.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Primera_parte_de_comedias_verdaderas.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Primera_parte_de_comedias_verdaderas.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Primera_parte_de_comedias_verdaderas.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Primera_parte_de_comedias_verdaderas.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Primera_parte_de_comedias_verdaderas.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Primera_parte_de_comedias_verdaderas.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3826" /></a><figcaption>Calderón de la Barca's portrait, in <i>Primera parte de Comedias verdaderas</i> (1726)</figcaption></figure> <p>Pedro Calderón de la Barca was born in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> on Friday 17 January 1600,<sup id="cite_ref-prat_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was baptized in the parish of San Martín. His father, Diego Calderón, was a mountain <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(Spanish_nobility)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidalgo (Spanish nobility)">hidalgo</a> with family origins in <a href="/wiki/Viveda" title="Viveda">Viveda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a> and had inherited his own father's position of secretary of the Council and Chief Accounting Office of the Treasury, serving in it the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Habsburg">Spanish Habsburg</a> Kings <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Felipe II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Felipe III</a>, died in 1615.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The playwright's mother, Ana Gonzalez de Henao (or Henaut,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Plaja_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plaja-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">Hainaut</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), had family roots in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> and was of either <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ziomek_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ziomek-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Plaja_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plaja-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloon</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/James_Fitzmaurice-Kelly" title="James Fitzmaurice-Kelly">James Fitzmaurice-Kelly</a>, she claimed origin from the De Mons of Hainault.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents married in 1595.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pedro was the third of the six children that the marriage produced (three boys and three girls), of whom only four survived childhood: Diego, the first-born;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dorotea — nun in Toledo—;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pedro and Jusepe or José.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These brothers were always welcome, as Diego Calderón stated in his will (1647): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All three of us have always conserved ourselves in love and friendship, and without dividing up assets... we have helped each other in the needs and jobs we have had.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977263_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977263-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, they also had a natural brother, Francisco, who hid under the surname of "González" and was expelled from the father's house by Don Diego, although he left written in 1615 that he be recognized as legitimate unless he had married "with that woman he tried to marry", in which case he would be disinherited.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESliwa200831_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESliwa200831-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His mother died when Calderón was ten years old,<sup id="cite_ref-ziomek_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ziomek-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1610.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoix18401_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoix18401-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calderón was then educated at the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> Collegio in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Colegio_Imperial_de_Madrid" title="Colegio Imperial de Madrid">Colegio Imperial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-prat_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a view to taking orders; but instead, he studied law at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">Salamanca</a>. </p><p>Between 1620 and 1622 Calderón won several <a href="/wiki/Floral_Games" title="Floral Games">poetry contests</a> in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> of <a href="/wiki/Isidore_the_Laborer" title="Isidore the Laborer">St. Isidore</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Madrid. Calderón's debut as a playwright was <i>Amor, honor y poder</i> ("Love, honor, and power"), about the life of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a>, was performed at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Madrid" title="Royal Alcázar of Madrid">Royal Alcázar of Madrid</a> during the visit of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles, Prince of Wales</a> to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_match" title="Spanish match">unsuccessfully negotiate</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Dynastic_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastic marriage">dynastic marriage</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infanta</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Spain" title="Maria Anna of Spain">Maria Anna of Spain</a>, on 29 June 1623.<sup id="cite_ref-fundacionhispanobritanica.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundacionhispanobritanica.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was followed by two other plays that same year: <i>La selva confusa</i> and <i>Los Macabeos</i>. Over the next two decades, Calderón wrote more than 70 plays, the majority of which were secular dramas written for the commercial theatres. </p><p>Calderón served in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Royal Army">Spanish Royal Army</a> in Italy and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> between 1625 and 1635. By the time <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Lope_de_Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a> died in 1635, Calderón was recognized as the foremost Spanish dramatist of the age. Calderón had also gained considerable favour in the court, and in 1636–1637 he was made a knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">Order of Santiago</a> by Philip IV, who had already commissioned from him a series of spectacular plays for the royal theatre in the newly built <a href="/wiki/Buen_Retiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Buen Retiro">Buen Retiro</a> palace. On 28 May 1640 he joined a company of mounted <a href="/wiki/Cuirassiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuirassiers">cuirassiers</a> recently raised by <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_Count-Duke_of_Olivares" title="Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares">Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares</a>, took part in the <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan</a> campaign, and distinguished himself by his gallantry at <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>. His health failing, Calderón retired from the army in November 1642, and three years later was awarded a special military pension in recognition of his services in the field. </p><p>Calderón's biography during the next few years is obscure. His brother, Diego Calderón, died in 1647. A son, Pedro José, was born to Calderón and an unknown woman between 1647 and 1649; the mother died soon after. Calderón committed his son to the care of his nephew, José, son of Diego. Perhaps for reasons relating to these personal trials, Calderón became a tertiary of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St Francis">order of St Francis</a> in 1650, and then finally joined the priesthood. He was ordained in 1651 and served as a parish priest at <a href="/wiki/Towers_of_the_churches_of_San_Salvador_and_Santa_Cruz_(Madrid)" title="Towers of the churches of San Salvador and Santa Cruz (Madrid)">San Salvador Church in Madrid</a>, which was later demolished as part of the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Spanish_confiscation" title="Spanish confiscation">Spanish confiscations</a>. According to a statement Calderón made a year or two later, he decided to give up writing secular drama for the commercial theatres. </p><p>Though he did not adhere strictly to this resolution, he now wrote mostly mythological plays for the palace theatres, and <i><a href="/wiki/Autos_sacramentales" title="Autos sacramentales">autos sacramentales</a></i>—one-act allegories illustrating the <a href="/wiki/Real_Presence" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Presence">Real Presence</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>—for performance during the feast of <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_(feast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpus Christi (feast)">Corpus Christi</a>. In 1662, two of Calderón's <i>autos</i>, <i>Las órdenes militares</i> and <i>Mística y real Babilonia</i>, were the subjects of an investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>; the former was censored, its manuscripts confiscated, and it remained banned until 1671. </p><p>Even so, Calderón was appointed honorary chaplain to Philip IV in 1663, and continued as chaplain to his successor. In his eighty-first year he wrote his last secular play, <i>Hado y Divisa de Leonido y Marfisa</i>, in honor of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a>'s marriage to <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1662%E2%80%931689)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans (1662–1689)">Maria Luisa of Orléans</a>. </p><p>Notwithstanding his position at court and his popularity throughout Spain, near the end of his life Calderón struggled with financial difficulties, but with the motivation of the Carnival of 1680 he wrote his last work of comedy, <i>Hado y divisa de Leonido y de Marfisa</i>. He died on 25 May 1681, leaving only partially complete the <i><a href="/wiki/Autos_sacramentales" title="Autos sacramentales">autos sacramentales</a></i> that he had been working on for that year. His burial was austere and unembellished, as he desired in his will: "Uncovered, as if I deserved to satisfy in part the public vanities of my poorly spent life". In this manner he left the theatres orphaned in which he was considered one of the best dramatic writers of his time.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_a_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca_(Madrid)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Monumento_a_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/180px-Monumento_a_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Monumento_a_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/270px-Monumento_a_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Monumento_a_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/360px-Monumento_a_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="2563" /></a><figcaption>Monument to <b>Calderón</b> on <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Santa_Ana" title="Plaza de Santa Ana">Plaza de Santa Ana</a>, Madrid (<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Figueras_Vila" class="extiw" title="es:Joan Figueras Vila">J. Figueras</a>, 1878).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical_innovator">Theatrical innovator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theatrical innovator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calderón initiated what has been called the second cycle of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a> theatre. Whereas his predecessor, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Lope_de_Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Félix Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, pioneered the dramatic forms and genres of Spanish Golden Age theatre, Calderón polished and perfected them. Whereas Lope's strength lay in the spontaneity and naturalness of his work, Calderón's strength lay in his capacity for poetic beauty, dramatic structure and philosophical and theological depth. Calderón was a perfectionist who often revisited and reworked his plays, even long after they were first performed. </p><p>His perfectionism was not just limited to his own work: several of his plays adapt and reimagine existing plays or scenes by other dramatists, improving their depth, complexity, and unity. Calderón excelled above all others in the genre of the "auto sacramental", in which he showed a seemingly inexhaustible capacity to giving new dramatic forms to a given set of theological and philosophical constructs. Calderón wrote 120 "comedias", 80 "autos sacramentales" and 20 short comedic works called <i>entremeses</i>. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a> notes, Calderón tended to take special care with the dramatic structures of his plays. He usually included fewer scenes than other contemporary playwrights (such as <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>) so as to avoid any superfluous distractions from the essential focus of the plays. He also worked towards a greater stylistic uniformity by reducing the number of different <a href="/wiki/Metre_(poetry)" title="Metre (poetry)">metres</a> in his plays. </p><p>Calderón realized that any play was a work of fiction, and that the structure of the baroque play was entirely artificial. He therefore, probably influenced by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Cervantes</a>, made regular use of <a href="/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">metafictional</a> techniques, such as making his characters joke about the <a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">clichés</a> they are expected to slavishly follow. </p><p>Most famously in his masterpiece, <i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Dream" title="Life Is a Dream">La Vida es Sueño</a></i>, Calderón uses an <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrological</a> prophecy made decades before the beginning of the play as a way to deliberately mislead the audience about how the plot will unfold. Calderón intended to subtly defend the Catholic doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">predestination</a> and to depict the unwritten nature of each individual's future based on their choices. </p><p>Although his poetry and plays leaned towards <a href="/wiki/Culteranismo" title="Culteranismo">culteranismo</a>, Calderón usually reduced the level and obscurity of that style by avoiding metaphors and references that uneducated viewers would not understand. However, he had a great influence anyway in later centuries upon <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (art)">Symbolism</a>, for example by making a fall from a horse a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> for a fall into disgrace or dishonour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes">Themes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most common themes of his plays were heavily influenced by his <a href="/wiki/Classical_Christian_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Christian education">Classical Christian education</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a>. For example, as a reader and great admirer of <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologians</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thomas Aquinas">Saint Thomas Aquinas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a>, Calderón liked to confront reason against emotion, intellect against instinct, love against vengeance, and understanding against the will. </p><p>This is not to say, however, that Calderón has never had his critics. In an article for the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremiah Ford">Jeremiah Ford</a> wrote, "Were one to contrast <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, he would discover that, while Shakespeare belongs to all men and all time, Lope is the particular property of Spain, and is bounded by national limitations. The character of Calderón is even more limited still; he is not only Spanish rather than universal, but, as a Spaniard, he typifies the sentiments and ideals of a narrowly restricted period, the seventeenth century. It may be added that in his theatre and in his daily life he was a model of the truly Christian and knightly poet of his period. The ideas most distinctive of his age which we see reflected in Calderón's dramatic works are intense devotion to the Catholic Faith; <a href="/wiki/Blind_obedience" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind obedience">absolute and unquestioning loyalty</a> to the Spanish sovereign; and a highly developed, even much exaggerated, <a href="/wiki/Code_of_honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of honour">feeling of honour</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Richard E. Chandler and Kessel Schwartz, it is vital to realize, that despite the end of the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> in 1492 many elements of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Spain">Islamic Spain</a> rooted in <a href="/wiki/Sharia_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia Law">Sharia Law</a> still persisted among the Christian population during the lifetime of Calderón; "One must understand the point of honor (<i>pundonor</i>) and resulting social complications to understand the theatre of Calderón, or, in fact, any of the Golden Age dramatists. A man's honor was a touchy point, based primarily upon a highly refined sentiment of conjugal fidelity but extended to include a man's daughters, married or unmarried, or any other woman in his household. Also, honor had to be kept inviolate -- an extremely difficult thing to accomplish -- and if sullied, had to be avenged. Arising from the Spaniard's sense of personal dignity and his desire to protect his reputation, it became a matter of pride and self-respect to cleanse tarnished honor, which even gossip could blemish. All male members of the household were responsible for protecting the family's name, and no honorable gentleman could leave family honor unavenged. In relationships between the sexes, the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_honor" title="Code of honor">code of honor</a> became especially sinister and led to the most barbarous cruelties. A husband was permitted to <a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">kill his wife</a> if she was even suspected of infidelity, and her lover had to be murdered to avoid a scandal. Love was the great game, and the responsibilities of a household of an attractive woman was a terrible burden and source of worry for the husband or father. One bloody vengeance called for another, and bloody <a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">feuds</a> raged through entire families. The ladies, especially those of Calderón and <a href="/wiki/Tirso_de_Molina" title="Tirso de Molina">Tirso</a>, were highly susceptible to risqué situations and quite unafraid to run the risk of a compromising and dishonoring one. Calderón was a court poet and was consequently versed in all the intricacies of the honor code."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jeremiah Ford continued, "The point of honour, often carried to morbid extremes, provides the motif in such characteristic pieces as the <i>Alcade de Zalamea</i>, the <i>Pintor de su deshonra</i>, the <i>Médico de su honra</i>, and <i>A secreto agravio secreta venganza</i>. The actuating principle in these works can hardly appeal to us; we can feel little sympathy with a personage who methodically and in cold blood slays the one by whom his honour has been <a href="/wiki/Dishonour" class="mw-redirect" title="Dishonour">affronted</a>. For us such an action is a perversion of the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, Alexander A. Parker has argued, in an article of his own for <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>, that Calderón was actually a very harsh moral critic of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish culture">Spanish culture</a> at the time in which he lived, "Accepting the conventions of the <a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_intrigue" title="Comedy of intrigue">comedy of intrigue</a>, a favourite form on the Spanish stage, he used them for a fundamentally serious purpose. <i>La dama duende</i> (1629; 'The Phantom Lady') is a neat and lively example. In <i>Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar</i> (1629; 'A House with Two Doors Is Difficult to Guard'), the intrigues of secret <a href="/wiki/Courtship" title="Courtship">courtship</a> and the disguises that it necessitates are so presented that the traditional seclusion of women on which these intrigues are based is shown to create social disorder by breeding enmity and endangering love and friendship. <i>No siempre lo peor es cierto</i> (c. 1640; 'The Worst Is Not Always True') and <i>No hay cosa como callar</i> (1639; 'Silence Is Golden') mark the peak of this development; although the conventions of comedy remain, the overtones are tragic. Both plays also implicitly criticize the accepted <a href="/wiki/Code_of_honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of honour">code of honour</a>. Calderón’s rejection of the rigid assumptions of the code of honour is evident also in his tragedies. In the famous <i>El alcalde de Zalamea</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Secrecy" title="Secrecy">secrecy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vengeance_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vengeance (concept)">vengeance</a> demanded by the code are rejected. This play also presents a powerful contrast between the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">aristocracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">the people</a>: the degeneration of the aristocratic ideal is exposed, wealth is associated with manual labour, and honour is shown to be the consequence and prerogative of moral integrity regardless of class."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Richard E. Chandler and Kessel Schwartz, "<i>El médico de su honra</i> is the most extreme of his honor tragedies. It revolves around a point of honor and recounts how a husband, suspecting his wife of infidelity, causes her veins to be opened. She bleeds to death, washing his dishonor away with her blood."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While acknowledging that the plot of the same play has caused Calderón's humanity to be questioned, Alexander A. Parker has written, "The critics who allege that he approves of the murder of an innocent wife because honour demands it overlook the fact that the horror one feels at this deed is precisely what he intended."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In common with many writers from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a>, his plays usually show his vital pessimism, that is only softened by his rationalism and his faith in the <a href="/wiki/Christian_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian God">Christian God</a>; the anguish and distress usually found his <i>œuvre</i> is better exemplified in one of his most famous plays, <i>La vida es sueño</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Dream" title="Life Is a Dream">Life Is a Dream</a></i>), in which Segismundo claims: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">¿Qué es la vida? Un frenesí.<br /> ¿Qué es la vida? Una ilusión,<br /> una sombra, una ficción,<br /> y el mayor bien es pequeño.<br /> ¡Que toda la vida es sueño,<br /> y los sueños, sueños son!</i></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <p>What is life? A frenzy.<br /> What is life? An illusion,<br /> A shadow, a fiction,<br /> And the greatest good is small;<br /> For all of life is a dream,<br /> And dreams, are only dreams. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedy_of_Intrigue">Comedy of Intrigue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comedy of Intrigue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Richard E. Chandler and Kessel Schwartz, "Calderón's 'cape and sword' plays represent the perfection of a type introduced by Lope. They illustrate the type carried to the extreme of its possibilities, with unbelievably complicated plots worked out with mathematical precision. Lovers' intrigues, honor complications, sudden appearances, and many other tricks and devices are resorted to by the playwright to complicate and then to disentangle the story. In these plays, as well as in the honor tragedies, Calderón, the most profoundly Spanish poet of his epoch, speaks so intimately to the passions and ideals of the time that he often lacks the little universality which his contemporaries achieved... Although he lacked the spontaneity and variety of <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">the Phoenix</a>, he frequently equaled him and at times surpassed him in sheer beauty of poetry with rapturous heights which even Lope could not equal. He was more profound and philosophical than Lope. He was an aristocratic poet and, unlike Lope, did not slavishly cater to the demands of the public. Lope was the improviser, Calderón was the planner."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autos_Sacramentales"><i>Autos Sacramentales</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Autos Sacramentales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billet_25_Pesetas_Recto_Calderon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Billet_25_Pesetas_Recto_Calderon.jpg/300px-Billet_25_Pesetas_Recto_Calderon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Billet_25_Pesetas_Recto_Calderon.jpg/450px-Billet_25_Pesetas_Recto_Calderon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Billet_25_Pesetas_Recto_Calderon.jpg/600px-Billet_25_Pesetas_Recto_Calderon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Calderón depicted on a 1928 25 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">Pesetas</a> banknote.</figcaption></figure> <p>Indeed, his themes tended to be complex and philosophical, and express complicated states of mind in a manner that few playwrights have been able to manage. Like <a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Graci%C3%A1n" title="Baltasar Gracián">Baltasar Gracián</a>, Calderón favoured only the deepest human feelings and moral dilemmas. </p><p>Since Calderón's plays were usually produced at the court of the King of Spain, he had access to the most modern techniques regarding scenography. He collaborated with <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosme_Lotti" class="extiw" title="es:Cosme Lotti">Cosme Lotti</a> in developing complex scenographies that were integrated in some of his plays, specially his most religious-themed ones such as the <i>Autos Sacramentales</i>, becoming extremely complex allegories of moral, philosophical and religious concepts. </p><p>According to Richard E. Chandler and Kessel Schwartz, "As a writer of <i>Autos Sacramentales</i>, Calderón is supreme. The <i>Auto</i>, cultivated since the time of <a href="/wiki/Gil_Vicente" title="Gil Vicente">Gil Vicente</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/One_act_play" class="mw-redirect" title="One act play">one act play</a>, generally allegorical in nature, which at one time or another treats the miracle of <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a>. <i>Autos</i> were performed in Spain's large cities during the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a> festival in the open air on temporary stages set up in some public square. Everyone, including the royalty, attended the public performances, which followed the <a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_procession" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic procession">Processional</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Real_Presence" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Presence">Host</a> through the streets to the church. Some believe that these short pieces represent the best of the Calderonian theatre where his fertile imagination had free rein and his sincere religious motives and faith found their purest expression."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viacheslav_ivanov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Viacheslav_ivanov.jpg/200px-Viacheslav_ivanov.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Viacheslav_ivanov.jpg/300px-Viacheslav_ivanov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Viacheslav_ivanov.jpg/400px-Viacheslav_ivanov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ivanov_(poet)" title="Vyacheslav Ivanov (poet)">Vyacheslav Ivanov</a> by <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Somov" title="Konstantin Somov">Konstantin Somov</a> (1906).</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Symbolist" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Symbolist">Russian Symbolist</a> poet and <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic theorist">dramatic theorist</a> <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ivanov_(poet)" title="Vyacheslav Ivanov (poet)">Vyacheslav Ivanov</a>, "Let us take a look at drama, which in modern history has replaced the spectacles of universal and holy events as reflected in miniature and purely signifying forms on the stages of the <a href="/wiki/Mystery_play" title="Mystery play">mystery plays</a>. We know that classical French tragedy is one of triumphs of the transformational , decisive idealistic principle. Calderón, however, is different. In him, everything is but a signification of the objective truth of Divine Providence, which governs human destiny. A pious son of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Spain" title="Catholic Church in Spain">Spanish Church</a>, he was able to combine all the daring of naive individualism with the most profound realism of the mystical contemplation of divine things."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:August_Wilhelm_Schlegel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel.jpg/220px-August_Wilhelm_Schlegel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel.jpg/330px-August_Wilhelm_Schlegel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel.jpg/440px-August_Wilhelm_Schlegel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Calderón translator and <a href="/wiki/Literary_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary critic">literary critic</a> <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">August Wilhelm Schlegel</a>, c. 1800</figcaption></figure> <p>Calderón's fame dwindled during the 18th-century due to the anti-religious currents of both the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Reforms" title="Bourbon Reforms">Bourbon Reforms</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Enlightenment in Spain</a> and, in 1765, a law was passed forbidding the performance of <i>Autos</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a>, officially for being, "sacrilegious and in bad taste."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within mere decades, though, Calderón was rediscovered in the <a href="/wiki/Germanosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanosphere">Germanosphere</a> by highly influential <a href="/wiki/Jena_Romanticism" title="Jena Romanticism">Jena Romantic</a> poet and <a href="/wiki/Indologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Indologist">Indologist</a> <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">August Wilhelm Schlegel</a>. Schlegel's <a href="/wiki/Literary_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary translation">literary translations</a> and high critical praise rekindled interest in Calderón, who, along with <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, became a banner figure, first for <a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German Romanticism</a>, and then for <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> in many other countries and languages.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a> based his 1807 <a href="/wiki/Singspiel" title="Singspiel">singspiel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Liebe_und_Eifersucht" title="Liebe und Eifersucht">Liebe und Eifersucht</a></i> on a stage play by Calderón, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_banda_y_la_flor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La banda y la flor (page does not exist)">La banda y la flor</a></i> (<i>The Scarf and the Flower</i>), as translated by Schlegel. In subsequent decades, Calderón was repeatedly translated into German, most notably by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Diederich_Gries" title="Johann Diederich Gries">Johann Diederich Gries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Eichendorff" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph von Eichendorff">Joseph von Eichendorff</a>, and had an enthusiastic reception on the German and Austrian stages, particularly under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schreyvogel" title="Joseph Schreyvogel">Joseph Schreyvogel</a>. Later significant German-language adaptations include the work of highly influential Austrian <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolist</a> poet, <a href="/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">metafictional</a> playwright, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>' favorite <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> librettist <a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a>; who made <a href="/wiki/Literary_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary translation">literary translations</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/La_vida_es_sue%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="La vida es sueño">La vida es sueño</a></i> and <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_gran_teatro_del_mundo" class="extiw" title="es:El gran teatro del mundo">El gran teatro del mundo</a></i>. </p><p>During the 19th century in his homeland, Calderón de la Barca was embraced by adherents of <a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlism</a> and other opponents of the 1798-1924 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_confiscation" title="Spanish confiscation">mass confiscation and sale of Church property by the State</a>, the expulsion of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious orders">religious orders</a>, the ban on <a href="/wiki/Classical_Christian_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Christian education">Classical Christian education</a>, and the many other <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholic</a> policies of <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Liberal Spanish monarchs and their ministers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérez_Magallón2010417–448_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérez_Magallón2010417–448-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1881, during a controversial gathering at <a href="/wiki/Parque_del_Buen_Retiro,_Madrid" title="Parque del Buen Retiro, Madrid">El Retiro</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">urban park</a> on the site of the demolished Royal palace where many of his plays were first performed, on the two hundredth anniversary of Calderón's death, <a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo">Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo</a> raised a toast to the religious values of Calderón's Spain and the supremacy of the Latino race over "Germanic <a href="/wiki/Philistinism" title="Philistinism">barbarity</a>", by which Menéndez Pelayo meant anti-Catholic Spanish <a href="/wiki/Krausism" title="Krausism">Krausist</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelianist</a> intellectuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Hibbs-Lissorgues_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibbs-Lissorgues-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Sard%C3%A0_y_Salvany" title="Félix Sardà y Salvany">Félix Sardà y Salvany</a>, the author of the book <i><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_Is_a_Sin" title="Liberalism Is a Sin">Liberalism Is a Sin</a></i>, and his fellow <a href="/wiki/Integrism_(Spain)" title="Integrism (Spain)">integrists</a> and Carlists considered Calderón de la Barca to embody the most brilliant incarnation of the Spanish Catholic literary tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Hibbs-Lissorgues_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibbs-Lissorgues-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the pre-1917 <a href="/wiki/Silver_Age_of_Russian_Poetry" title="Silver Age of Russian Poetry">Silver Age of Russian Poetry</a>, highly influential <a href="/wiki/Russian_Symbolist" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Symbolist">Russian Symbolist</a> poet and <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic theorist">dramatic theorist</a> <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ivanov_(poet)" title="Vyacheslav Ivanov (poet)">Vyacheslav Ivanov</a>, who was heavily influenced by German Romanticism, was accordingly an enthusiast for Calderón. On 19 April 1910, <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Meyerhold" title="Vsevolod Meyerhold">Vsevolod Meyerhold</a> even staged <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Balmont" title="Konstantin Balmont">Konstantin Balmont</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Literary_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary translation">literary translation</a> of Calderón's <i>Adoration of the Holy Cross</i> during the weekly <a href="/wiki/Literary_salon" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary salon">literary salon</a> held inside Ivanov's flat overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Tauride_Palace" title="Tauride Palace">Tauride Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St Petersburg</a>. Many of the most important figures in <a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Russian literature</a> at the time were either present or acting in the play.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Although he is best known abroad as the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Prize</a>-winning author of <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(novel)" title="Doctor Zhivago (novel)">Doctor Zhivago</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_dissident" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet dissident">Soviet dissident</a> intellectual and former Ivanov <a href="/wiki/Protege" class="mw-redirect" title="Protege">protege</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a> produced acclaimed Russian translations of Calderón's plays during the late 1950s. According to his <a href="/wiki/Mistress_(lover)" title="Mistress (lover)">mistress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olga_Ivinskaya" title="Olga Ivinskaya">Olga Ivinskaya</a>, </p><blockquote><p>In working on Calderón he received help from Nikolai Mikhailovich Liubumov, a shrewd and enlightened person who understood very well that all the mudslinging and commotion over the novel would be forgotten, but that there would always be a Pasternak. I took finished bits of the translation with me to Moscow, read them to Liubimov at Potapov Street, and then went back to Peredelkino, where I would tactfully ask [Boris Leonidovich] to change passages which, in Liubimov's view departed too far from the original. Very soon after the "scandal" was over, [Boris Leonidovich] received a first payment for the work on Calderón.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvinskai︠a︡1978292_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvinskai︠a︡1978292-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, Calderón was embraced as a <a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poet</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Francoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoist">Francoist</a> government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérez_Magallón2010417–448_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérez_Magallón2010417–448-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, however, has not harmed his popularity in Spain in the years since the transition back to <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Denis_Florence_McCarthy_P549.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Portrait_of_Denis_Florence_McCarthy_P549.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Denis_Florence_McCarthy_P549.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Portrait_of_Denis_Florence_McCarthy_P549.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Denis_Florence_McCarthy_P549.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Portrait_of_Denis_Florence_McCarthy_P549.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Denis_Florence_McCarthy_P549.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1972" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Calderón translator <a href="/wiki/Denis_Florence_McCarthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Denis Florence McCarthy">Denis Florence McCarthy</a> (1817–1882).</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Calder%C3%B3n%27s_plays_in_English_translation" title="List of Calderón's plays in English translation">List of Calderón's plays in English translation</a></div> <p>The persistent influence of both <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom">anti-Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Spanish_sentiment" title="Anti-Spanish sentiment">anti-Spanish sentiment</a> rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Legend_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Legend (Spain)">Black Legend</a> still means that even the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a>, let alone its literary, artistic, and cultural achievements, remain widely unknown in the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">English-speaking world</a>. Both this ignorance and its cultural fallout were criticized even during the Black Legend's <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan era</a> inception by Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sidney" title="Philip Sidney">Philip Sidney</a>, whose 1580 <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essay</a> <i><a href="/wiki/An_Apology_for_Poetry" title="An Apology for Poetry">An Apology for Poetry</a></i> expressed very high praise for the verse dramas he had attended during diplomatic missions in France, Spain, and Italy. Playwrights in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Europe">Catholic Europe</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> had revived <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s three <a href="/wiki/Classical_unities" title="Classical unities">Classical unities</a> and Sidney for these and many other reasons considered them vastly superior to all the plays then being written and performed in England. </p><p>Despite this, Calderón's plays were first translated and performed in English during his lifetime. For instance, the diary of <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">Stuart Restoration</a> courtier <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> describes attending <a href="/wiki/Stage_play" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage play">stage plays</a> in London during 1667 which were free translations from Calderón. During the same era, Calderón's many emulators in writing for the English stage included <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom">Poet Laureate of England</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>. </p><p>Centuries later, like his German Romantic colleagues, <a href="/wiki/English_Romanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="English Romanticism">English Romantic</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> repeatedly referenced Calderón, whom he viewed as "a romantic figure".<sup id="cite_ref-fundacionhispanobritanica.org_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fundacionhispanobritanica.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byron's friend and fellow Romantic poet <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a> similarly had very high praise in his essays for Calderón and personally translated a substantial portion of <i>El Mágico prodigioso</i>. </p><p>Despite this, in his essay <i><a href="/wiki/A_Defence_of_Poetry" title="A Defence of Poetry">A Defence of Poetry</a></i>, Shelley, as a staunch and vocal believer in <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, and the rejection of <a href="/wiki/Christian_morality" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian morality">Christian morality</a>, also expressed very harsh criticism for Calderón's religious beliefs and his regular decision to confront the human mind and conscience successfully against the emotions, "Calderón, in his religious <i>autos</i>, has attempted to fulfill some of the high conditions of dramatic presentation neglected by Shakespeare; such as establishing a relation between drama and religion, and the accommodating them to music and dancing; but he admits the observation of conditions still more important, and more is lost than gained by the substitution of the rigidly defined and ever-repeated idealism of a distorted superstition for the living impersonations of the truth of human passion."<sup id="cite_ref-A_Defence_of_Poetry_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Defence_of_Poetry-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the same essay, however, Shelley concluded, "The exertions of <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Gibbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau">Rousseau</a>, and their disciples, in favor of oppressed and deluded humanity, are entitled to the gratitude of mankind. Yet it is easy to calculate the degree of moral and intellectual improvement which the world would have exhibited, had they never lived. A little more nonsense would have been talked for a century or two; and perhaps a few more men, women, and children burnt as heretics. We might not at this moment have been congratulating each other on the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Inquisition in Spain</a>. But it exceeds all imagination to conceive what would have been the moral condition of the world if neither <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boccaccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaucer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaucer">Chaucer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, Calderón, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Lord Bacon</a>, nor <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a>, had ever existed; if <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> had never been born; if the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_poetry" title="Biblical poetry">Hebrew poetry</a> had never been translated; if <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">a revival of the study</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Greek literature</a> had never taken place; if no monuments of ancient sculpture had been handed down to us; and if the poetry of the religion of the ancient world had been extinguished together with its belief. The human mind could never, except by the intervention of these excitements, have been awakened to the invention of the grosser sciences, and that application of analytical reasoning to the aberrations of society, which it is now attempted to exalt over the direct expression of the inventive and creative faculty itself."<sup id="cite_ref-A_Defence_of_Poetry_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Defence_of_Poetry-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poetic and accurate <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> translations of <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Catholic">Irish Catholic</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Denis_Florence_MacCarthy" title="Denis Florence MacCarthy">Denis Florence MacCarthy</a> were commenced because MacCarthy was a great admirer of Shelley and therefore took the latter's high critical praise of Calderón in multiple essays very seriously. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Ticknor" title="George Ticknor">George Ticknor</a> declared in his <i>History of Spanish Literature</i> that MacCarthy "has succeeded in giving a faithful idea of what is grandest and most effective in [Calderón's] genius... to a degree which I had previously thought impossible. Nothing, I think, in the English language will give us so true an impression of what is most characteristic of the Spanish drama, and of Spanish poetry generally." </p><p>So highly regarded were MacCarthy's translations that in 1881, he was awarded a medal by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> on the two-hundredth anniversary of Calderón's death.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other translators of Calderón's works into English have included <a href="/wiki/Edward_FitzGerald_(poet)" title="Edward FitzGerald (poet)">Edward FitzGerald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Campbell_(poet)" title="Roy Campbell (poet)">Roy Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Honig" title="Edwin Honig">Edwin Honig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Muir_(scholar)" title="Kenneth Muir (scholar)">Kenneth Muir</a> & Ann L. Mackenzie, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Mitchell" title="Adrian Mitchell">Adrian Mitchell</a>, and Gwynne Edwards. </p><p>A recent revival of interest in Calderón scholarship can be attributed to British reception, namely through the works of A. A. Parker (who considered <i>La hija del aire</i> to be his finest work),<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A. E. Sloman and more recently Bruce Wardropper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Amor, honor y poder</i> (<i>Love, Honor and Power</i>) (1623)</li> <li><i>El sitio de Breda</i> (<i>The Siege of Breda</i>) (1625)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Segismundo.ogg" title="File:Segismundo.ogg">La vida es sueño (Life is a dream)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="125" data-mwtitle="Segismundo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Segismundo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Segismundo.ogg/Segismundo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Calderón de la Barca, Life is a dream, act II, scene 19, Monologue of Segismundo</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <ul><li><i>La dama duende</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_Lady" title="The Phantom Lady">The Phantom Lady</a></i>) (1629)</li> <li><i>Casa con dos puertas</i> (<i>The House with Two Doors</i>) (1629)</li> <li><i>La vida es sueño</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Life_is_a_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Life is a Dream">Life is a Dream</a></i>) (1629–1635)</li> <li><i>El purgatorio de San Patricio</i> (<i>The Purgatory of St. Patrick</i>), inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Lough_Derg,_County_Donegal" title="Lough Derg, County Donegal">Lough Derg, County Donegal</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Purgatory" title="St Patrick's Purgatory">pilgrimage shrine of the same name</a>, (before 1635)</li> <li><i>El mayor encanto, amor</i> (<i>Love, the Greatest Enchantment</i>) (1635)</li> <li><i>Los tres mayores prodigios</i> (<i>The Three Greatest Wonders</i>) (1636)</li> <li><i>La devoción de la Cruz</i> (<i>Devotion to the Cross</i>) (1637)</li> <li><i>El mágico prodigioso</i> (<i>The Mighty Magician</i>) (1637)</li> <li><i>A secreto agravio, secreta venganza (Secret Vengeance for Secret Insult)</i> (1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_m%C3%A9dico_de_su_honra" title="El médico de su honra">El médico de su honra</a></i> (<i>The Surgeon of his Honor</i>) (1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_pintor_de_su_deshonra" title="El pintor de su deshonra">El pintor de su deshonra</a></i> (<i>The Painter of His Dishonor</i>) (1640s)</li> <li><i>El alcalde de Zalamea</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Mayor_of_Zalamea" title="The Mayor of Zalamea">The Mayor of Zalamea</a></i>) (1651)</li> <li><i>La hija del aire</i> (<i>The Daughter of the Air</i>) (1653)</li> <li><i>Eco y Narciso</i> (<i>Eco and Narcissus</i>) (1661)</li> <li><i>La estatua de Prometeo</i> (<i>Prometheus' Statue</i>)</li> <li><i>El prodigio de Alemania</i> (<i>The Prodigy of Germany</i>) (in collaboration with Antonio Coello)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operas">Operas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Celos_aun_del_aire_matan" title="Celos aun del aire matan">Celos aun del aire matan</a></i> 1660</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autos_Sacramentales_(Sacramental_plays)"><span id="Autos_Sacramentales_.28Sacramental_plays.29"></span>Autos Sacramentales (Sacramental plays)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Autos Sacramentales (Sacramental plays)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La cena del rey Baltazar</i> (<i>The Banquet of King Balthazar</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_gran_teatro_del_mundo" class="extiw" title="es:El gran teatro del mundo">El gran teatro del mundo</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Theater_of_the_World" title="The Great Theater of the World">The Great Theater of the World</a></i>)</li> <li><i>El gran mercado del mundo</i> (<i>The World is a Fair</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedies">Comedies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Comedies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a time the comedic works of Calderón were underestimated, but have since been reevaluated and have been considered as masterfully composed works as being classified in the genre of <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/comedias_de_enredo" class="extiw" title="es:comedias de enredo">comedias de enredo</a></i>, such as his works <i><a href="/wiki/La_Dama_duende" class="mw-redirect" title="La Dama duende">La dama duende</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_Lady" title="The Phantom Lady">The Phantom Lady</a>), <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_con_dos_puertas,_mala_es_de_guardar" class="extiw" title="es:Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar">Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar</a> (A house with two doors is difficult to guard), or <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_gal%C3%A1n_fantasma" class="extiw" title="es:El galán fantasma">El galán fantasma</a> (The Heroic Phantom).</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The 1997 <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Amen%C3%A1bar" title="Alejandro Amenábar">Alejandro Amenábar</a> <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Open_Your_Eyes_(1997_film)" title="Open Your Eyes (1997 film)">Open Your Eyes</a></i>, which was later remade in Hollywood as <i><a href="/wiki/Vanilla_Sky" title="Vanilla Sky">Vanilla Sky</a></i>, has drawn many comparisons to Calderón's <i>La vida es Sueño</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Calderón de la Barca appears in the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Captain_Alatriste" title="Captain Alatriste">Captain Alatriste</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_over_Breda" title="The Sun over Breda">The Sun over Breda</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arturo_P%C3%A9rez-Reverte" title="Arturo Pérez-Reverte">Arturo Pérez-Reverte</a>, which takes up the assumption that he served in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Royal Army">Spanish Royal Army</a> at Flanders and depicts him helping the local librarian save books from the library in the burning town hall during the sack of <a href="/wiki/Oudkerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudkerk">Oudkerk</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diego Calderón de la Barca was born in Madrid in 1596. From his grandmother Inés de Riaño's will we know that he was in Mexico in 1612. He married Beatriz Núñez de Alarcón in February 1622 and in 1623 they had a son, José Antonio Calderón, He was a lawyer for the Royal Councils and a rapporteur for War and Justice, helping his parents and uncles several times in legal matters and married in 1653 to the widow Agustina Antonia Ortiz y Velasco. This nephew of Pedro Calderón lived on Calle de las Fuentes and housed the natural son of his uncle, the playwright Pedro José, but he lost his mind and died in 1658, when Pedro José had also died in 1657. As for his father Diego In early 1629 he and his brother, the playwright Pedro, participated in a brawl on Calle Cantarranas, today Calle Lope de Vega, in which comedian Pedro de Villegas, brother of the famous actress Ana de Villegas, was seriously injured. After making a will in Madrid on 13 November 1647, he died later that year.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorotea Calderón de la Barca was born in 1598; She entered the convent of <a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Clara_la_Real,_Toledo" title="Convento de Santa Clara la Real, Toledo">Santa Clara la Real</a> as a novice before the age of fourteen and professed in there of the Order of San Francisco.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">José Calderón, much loved by his brothers, was born in Valladolid in 1602. He completed his military career, in which he got the job of lieutenant-general-field master; He was wounded in the right leg during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fuenterrab%C3%ADa_(1638)" title="Siege of Fuenterrabía (1638)">siege of Fuenterrabía in 1638</a> and died in the <a href="/wiki/Reapers%27_War" title="Reapers' War">Catalan war</a> on 23 June 1645.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An ancestor of his was Hernando Sánchez Calderón, lord of the Torre de Viveda, near Santillana, Santander province. A son of this gentleman, Álvaro Calderón, went to Aguilar de Campoo, where he married Mencía Sanz; he had three children, Pedro, Juan and Francisco; the firstborn went to live in Sotillo, jurisdiction of Reinosa; his grandson, Diego Calderón, settled in Boadilla del Camino, in Tierra de Campos, Palencia province. Her son, Pedro Calderón, went to Toledo, where he would deal with the wealthy heiress Isabel Ruiz, with whom he married around 1570. They settled in Madrid, and Don Pedro obtained the position of secretary of the Council and Chief Accounting Office of the Treasury, in the one succeeded by his son Don Diego, father of the poet, around 1595.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goethe regarded Calderón as high as Shakespeare, even commenting his plays to be of greater structural-perfection than those of the Bard due to Calderón mending them once and again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEckermann1837251_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEckermann1837251-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09484c.htm">Denis Florence MacCarthy</a>, 1911 <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEckermann1837251-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEckermann1837251_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEckermann1837">Eckermann 1837</a>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fundacionhispanobritanica.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fundacionhispanobritanica.org_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fundacionhispanobritanica.org_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fundacionhispanobritanica.org_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fundacionhispanobritanica.org/en/with-the-search-for-the-remains-of-calderon-we-remember-a-figure-that-united-all-those-who-were-different-2/">“WITH THE SEARCH FOR THE REMAINS OF CALDERÓN WE REMEMBER A FIGURE THAT UNITED ALL THOSE WHO WERE DIFFERENT”</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundaci%C3%B3n_Hispano_Brit%C3%A1nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fundación Hispano Británica (page does not exist)">Fundación Hispano Británica</a>, March 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prat-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prat_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prat_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrat1965" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Valbuena_Prat" title="Ángel Valbuena Prat">Prat, Angel Valbuena</a> (1965). <i>Literatura española en sus relaciones con la universal</i> (in Spanish). Sociedad Anónima Española de Traductores y Autores.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literatura+espa%C3%B1ola+en+sus+relaciones+con+la+universal&rft.pub=Sociedad+An%C3%B3nima+Espa%C3%B1ola+de+Traductores+y+Autores&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Prat&rft.aufirst=Angel+Valbuena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977252_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFValbuena_Briones1977">Valbuena Briones 1977</a>, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Mas1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ezequiel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Mas" title="Ezequiel González Mas">González Mas, Ezequiel</a> (1989). <i>Historia de la literatura española Volume 3</i> (in Spanish). Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. p. 171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+literatura+espa%C3%B1ola+Volume+3&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Editorial+de+la+Universidad+de+Puerto+Rico&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Mas&rft.aufirst=Ezequiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plaja-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Plaja_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plaja_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDíaz-Plaja1967" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_D%C3%ADaz-Plaja" title="Guillermo Díaz-Plaja">Díaz-Plaja, Guillermo</a> (1967). <i>Historia general de las literaturas hispánicas: Renacimiento y barroco</i> (in Spanish). Editorial Vergara. p. 399.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+general+de+las+literaturas+hisp%C3%A1nicas%3A+Renacimiento+y+barroco&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=Editorial+Vergara&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=D%C3%ADaz-Plaja&rft.aufirst=Guillermo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerimee2018" class="citation book cs1">Merimee, Ernest (2018). <i>Revival: A History of Spanish Literature (1930)</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351349321" title="Special:BookSources/9781351349321"><bdi>9781351349321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival%3A+A+History+of+Spanish+Literature+%281930%29&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781351349321&rft.aulast=Merimee&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ziomek-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ziomek_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ziomek_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZiomek1984" class="citation book cs1">Ziomek, Henry K. (1984). <i>A History of Spanish Golden Age Drama</i>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813183565" title="Special:BookSources/9780813183565"><bdi>9780813183565</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spanish+Golden+Age+Drama&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780813183565&rft.aulast=Ziomek&rft.aufirst=Henry+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamonà1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Carmelo_Samon%C3%A0" title="Carmelo Samonà">Samonà, Carmelo</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h8cKAQAAMAAJ"><i>La Letteratura spagnola i secoli d'oro</i></a> (in Italian). Rizzoli. p. 497. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788817112628" title="Special:BookSources/9788817112628"><bdi>9788817112628</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Letteratura+spagnola+i+secoli+d%27oro&rft.pages=497&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788817112628&rft.aulast=Samon%C3%A0&rft.aufirst=Carmelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh8cKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelmelle1966" class="citation book cs1">Delmelle, Joseph (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WNLvAAAAMAAJ"><i>L'expansion wallonne en Europe</i></a>. Institut Jules Destrée. p. 77<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27expansion+wallonne+en+Europe&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Institut+Jules+Destr%C3%A9e&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Delmelle&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWNLvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122102918/https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca/110862">"Pedro Calderón de la Barca"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">Larousse</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca/110862">the original</a> on 22 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca&rft.pub=Larousse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.larousse.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Fpersonnage%2FPedro_Calder%25C3%25B3n_de_la_Barca%2F110862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFitzmaurice-Kelly1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Fitzmaurice-Kelly" title="James Fitzmaurice-Kelly">Fitzmaurice-Kelly, James</a> (1898). <i>A History of Spanish Literature</i>. Outlook Verlag. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783752352467" title="Special:BookSources/9783752352467"><bdi>9783752352467</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spanish+Literature&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Outlook+Verlag&rft.date=1898&rft.isbn=9783752352467&rft.aulast=Fitzmaurice-Kelly&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977263-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValbuena_Briones1977263_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFValbuena_Briones1977">Valbuena Briones 1977</a>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESliwa200831-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESliwa200831_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSliwa2008">Sliwa 2008</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoix18401-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoix18401_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoix1840">Boix 1840</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03156a.htm">"Pedro Calderón de la Barca"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03156a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03156a.htm">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard E. Chandler & Kessel Schwartz (1961), <i>A New History of Spanish Literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> Press, <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>. Pages 92-93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pedro-Calderon-de-la-Barca">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard E. Chandler & Kessel Schwartz (1961), <i>A New History of Spanish Literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> Press, <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>. Page 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pedro-Calderon-de-la-Barca">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard E. Chandler & Kessel Schwartz (1961), <i>A New History of Spanish Literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> Press, <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>. Page 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard E. Chandler & Kessel Schwartz (1961), <i>A New History of Spanish Literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> Press, <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>. Pages 93-94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Viacheslav Ivanov, edited by Robert Bird (2003), <i>Selected Essays</i>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>. p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard E. Chandler & Kessel Schwartz (1961), <i>A New History of Spanish Literature</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> Press, <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>. Page 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schlegel. August Wilhelm. <i>Vorlesungen über dramatische Kunst und Literatur</i>. 2 Vols. Ed. Erich Lohner. Stuttgart: <a href="/wiki/Kohlhammer_Verlag" title="Kohlhammer Verlag">Kohlhammer Verlag</a>, 1967. Vol. 2, pp. 107ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérez_Magallón2010417–448-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérez_Magallón2010417–448_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPérez_Magallón2010417–448_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPérez_Magallón2010">Pérez Magallón 2010</a>, pp. 417–448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hibbs-Lissorgues-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hibbs-Lissorgues_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hibbs-Lissorgues_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHibbs-Lissorgues1994" class="citation journal cs1">Hibbs-Lissorgues, Solange (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/los-centenarios-de-calderon-de-la-barca-1881-y-santa-teresa-de-jesus-1882-un-ejemplo-de-recuperacion-ideologica-por-el-catolicismo-integrista/html/48b67e80-a0f6-11e1-b1fb-00163ebf5e63_3.html">"Los centenarios de Calderón de la Barca (1881) y Santa Teresa de Jesús (1882): un ejemplo de recuperación ideológica por el catolicismo integrista"</a>. <i>Hommage à Robert Jammes</i>: 552.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hommage+%C3%A0+Robert+Jammes&rft.atitle=Los+centenarios+de+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca+%281881%29+y+Santa+Teresa+de+Jes%C3%BAs+%281882%29%3A+un+ejemplo+de+recuperaci%C3%B3n+ideol%C3%B3gica+por+el+catolicismo+integrista&rft.pages=552&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Hibbs-Lissorgues&rft.aufirst=Solange&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervantesvirtual.com%2Fobra-visor%2Flos-centenarios-de-calderon-de-la-barca-1881-y-santa-teresa-de-jesus-1882-un-ejemplo-de-recuperacion-ideologica-por-el-catolicismo-integrista%2Fhtml%2F48b67e80-a0f6-11e1-b1fb-00163ebf5e63_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Viacheslav Ivanov, edited by Robert Bird (2003), <i>Selected Essays</i>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>. p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvinskai︠a︡1978292-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIvinskai︠a︡1978292_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIvinskai︠a︡1978">Ivinskai︠a︡ 1978</a>, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Defence_of_Poetry-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_Defence_of_Poetry_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Defence_of_Poetry_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69388/a-defence-of-poetry">A Defence of Poetry</a> by <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Poetry_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Poetry Foundation">The Poetry Foundation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/maccarthy-denis-florence-a5126">Denis Florence MacCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Irish_Biography" title="Dictionary of Irish Biography">Dictionary of Irish Biography</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La hija del aire, edited by Gwynne Edwards, Tamesis Books Ltd, London, 1970, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780900411106" title="Special:BookSources/9780900411106">9780900411106</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerri,_Dennis2008" class="citation journal cs1">Perri, Dennis (1 September 2008). "Amenabar's Abre los ojos: the posthuman subject". <i>Hispanofila</i>. The Free Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispanofila&rft.atitle=Amenabar%27s+Abre+los+ojos%3A+the+posthuman+subject&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.au=Perri%2C+Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Robertson, Sandra (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TxMIAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Life+is+Virtual+Dream:+Amenabar+Reading+Calderón%22">"Life is Virtual Dream: Amenábar Reading Calderón (pp. 115-25)"</a>. In Cabello-Castellet, George; Martí-Olivella, Jaume; Wood, Guy H. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TxMIAQAAMAAJ"><i>Cine-Lit 2000. Essays on hispanic film and fiction</i></a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Corvallis,_Oregon" title="Corvallis, Oregon">Corvallis, Oregon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9631927-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9631927-3-6"><bdi>0-9631927-3-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Life+is+Virtual+Dream%3A+Amen%C3%A1bar+Reading+Calder%C3%B3n+%28pp.+115-25%29&rft.btitle=Cine-Lit+2000.+Essays+on+hispanic+film+and+fiction&rft.place=Corvallis%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Oregon+State+University&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9631927-3-6&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTxMIAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Life%2Bis%2BVirtual%2BDream%3A%2BAmenabar%2BReading%2BCalder%C3%B3n%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXuan2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Xuan, Jing (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JK4GfeWaGC0C&q=%22Calderón+y+el+cine%22%22La+vida+es+sueño+y+Abre+los+ojos%22+%22de+Alejandro+Amenábar%22&pg=PA479">"Calderón y el cine <i>La vida es sueño</i> y <i>Abre los ojos</i> de Alejandro Amenábar (pp. 479-92)"</a>. In Tietz, Manfred (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JK4GfeWaGC0C"><i>Teatro Calderoniano Sobre el Tablado. Calderón y Su Puesta en Escena a Través de Los Siglos</i></a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Steiner_Verlag" title="Franz Steiner Verlag">Franz Steiner Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-08260-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-08260-0"><bdi>978-3-515-08260-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Calder%C3%B3n+y+el+cine+La+vida+es+sue%C3%B1o+y+Abre+los+ojos+de+Alejandro+Amen%C3%A1bar+%28pp.+479-92%29&rft.btitle=Teatro+Calderoniano+Sobre+el+Tablado.+Calder%C3%B3n+y+Su+Puesta+en+Escena+a+Trav%C3%A9s+de+Los+Siglos&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-515-08260-0&rft.aulast=Xuan&rft.aufirst=Jing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJK4GfeWaGC0C%26q%3D%2522Calder%C3%B3n%2By%2Bel%2Bcine%2522%2522La%2Bvida%2Bes%2Bsue%C3%B1o%2By%2BAbre%2Blos%2Bojos%2522%2B%2522de%2BAlejandro%2BAmen%C3%A1bar%2522%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoix1840" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boix, Ignacio (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SBRfAAAAcAAJ"><i>Biografia De Don Pedro Calderon De La Barca</i></a> [<i>Biography of Don Pedro Calderon de la Barca</i>] (in Spanish). Madrid: Boix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biografia+De+Don+Pedro+Calderon+De+La+Barca&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Boix&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Boix&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSBRfAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Calderón de la Barca, Pedro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815021658/http://www.upcolorado.com/book/Life's_a_Dream_(iLa_vida_es_sue_oi)_Paper"><i>Life's a Dream: A Prose Translation</i></a>. Trans. and ed. Michael Kidd (Boulder, Colorado, 2004). Forthcoming in a bilingual edition from Aris & Phillips (U.K.).</li> <li>Calderón de la Barca, Pedro. <i>Obras completas / don Pedro Calderon de la Barca</i>. Ed. Angel Valbuena Briones. 2 Vols. Tolle: Aguilar, 1969–.</li> <li>Cotarelo y Mori, D. Emilio. <i>Ensayo sobre la vida y obras de D. Pedro Calderón de la Barca</i>. Ed. Facs. Ignacio Arellano y Juan Manuel Escudero. Biblioteca Áurea Hispánica. Madrid;Frankfurt: Iberoamericana; Veuvuert, 2001.</li> <li>Cruickshank, Don W. "Calderón and the Spanish Book trade." <i>Bibliographisches Handbuch der Calderón-Forschung / Manual Bibliográfico Calderoniano</i>. Eds Kurt y Roswitha Reichenberger. Tomo III. Kassel: Verlag Thiele & Schwarz, 1981. 9–15.</li> <li>Cruickshank, Don W. <i>Don Pedro Calderón</i>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521765152" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521765152">978-0521765152</a></li> <li>De Armas, Frederick A. <i>The Return of Astraea: An Astral-Imperial Myth in Calderón</i>. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813152134" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813152134">978-0813152134</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEckermann1837" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eckermann, Johann Peter (1837). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2JKAAAAYAAJ"><i>Gespräche mit Goethe</i></a> [<i>Conversations with Goethe</i>] (in German). Vol. 1st. Leipzig: <a href="/wiki/F._A._Brockhaus_AG" title="F. A. Brockhaus AG">Brockhaus</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gespr%C3%A4che+mit+Goethe&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Brockhaus&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Eckermann&rft.aufirst=Johann+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn2JKAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Greer, Margaret Rich. <i>The Play of Power: Mythological Court Dramas of Calderón de la Barca</i>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP, 1991.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIvinskai︠a︡1978" class="citation book cs1">Ivinskai︠a︡, Olʹga (1978). <i>A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak - The Memoirs of Olga Ivinskaya</i>. Collins and Harvill Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Captive+of+Time%3A+My+Years+with+Pasternak+-+The+Memoirs+of+Olga+Ivinskaya&rft.pub=Collins+and+Harvill+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Ivinskai%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1&rft.aufirst=Ol%CA%B9ga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Muratta Bunsen, Eduardo. "Los topoi escépticos en la dramaturgia calderoniana". <i>Rumbos del Hispanismo</i>, Ed. Debora Vaccari, Roma, Bagatto, 2012. 185–192. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788878061972" title="Special:BookSources/9788878061972">9788878061972</a></li> <li>Parker, Alexander Augustine. <i>The Allegorical Drama of Calderon, an introduction to the Autos sacramentales</i>. Oxford, Dolphin Book, 1968.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPérez_Magallón2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pérez Magallón, Jesús (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/acal/article/view/34135/18429"><i>Calderón: Icono cultural e identitario del conservadurismo político</i></a> [<i>Calderón: Cultural and identity icon of political conservatism</i>] (in European Spanish) (1. ed.). Madrid: Cátedra. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2530-7304">2530-7304</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-376-2688-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-376-2688-8"><bdi>978-84-376-2688-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calder%C3%B3n%3A+Icono+cultural+e+identitario+del+conservadurismo+pol%C3%ADtico&rft.place=Madrid&rft.edition=1.&rft.pub=C%C3%A1tedra&rft.date=2010&rft.eissn=2530-7304&rft.isbn=978-84-376-2688-8&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez+Magall%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecyt.fecyt.es%2Findex.php%2Facal%2Farticle%2Fview%2F34135%2F18429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Regalado, Antonio. "Sobre Calderón y la modernidad." <i>Estudios sobre Calderón</i>. Ed. Javier Aparicio Maydeu. Tomo I. Clásicos Críticos. Madrid: Istmo, 2000. 39–70.</li> <li>Kurt & Roswitha Reichenberger: "Bibliographisches Handbuch der Calderón-Forschung /Manual bibliográfico calderoniano (I): Die Calderón-Texte und ihre Überlieferung". Kassel, Edition Reichenberger 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87816-023-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-87816-023-2">3-87816-023-2</a></li> <li>Kurt & Roswitha Reichenberger: "Bibliographisches Handbuch der Calderón-Forschung /Manual bibliográfico calderoniano (II, i): Sekundärliteratur zu Calderón 1679–1979: Allgemeines und "comedias". Estudios críticos sobre Calderón 1679–1979: Generalidades y comedias". Kassel, Edition Reichenberger 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-931887-74-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-931887-74-X">3-931887-74-X</a></li> <li>Kurt & Roswitha Reichenberger: "Bibliographisches Handbuch der Calderón-Forschung /Manual bibliográfico calderoniano (II, ii):Sekundärliteratur zu Calderón 1679–1979: Fronleichnamsspiele, Zwischenspiele und Zuschreibungen. Estudios críticos sobre Calderón 1679–1979: Autos sacramentales, obras cortas y obras supuestas". Kassel, Edition Reichenberger 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-935004-92-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-935004-92-3">3-935004-92-3</a></li> <li>Kurt & Roswitha Reichenberger: "Bibliographisches Handbuch der Calderón-Forschung /Manual bibliográfico calderoniano (III):Bibliographische Beschreibung der frühen Drucke". Kassel, Edition Reichenberger 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87816-038-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-87816-038-0">3-87816-038-0</a></li> <li>Rodríguez, Evangelina y Antonio Tordera. <i>Calderón y la obra corta dramática del siglo XVII</i>. London: Tamesis, 1983.</li> <li>Ruano de la Haza, José M. "La Comedia y lo Cómico." <i>Del horror a la Risa / los géneros dramáticos clásicos</i>. Kassel: Edition Reichenberger, 1994. 269–285.</li> <li>Ruiz-Ramón, Francisco <i>Calderón y la tragedia</i>. Madrid: Alhambra, 1984.</li> <li>Roger Ordono, "Conscience de rôle dans <i>Le Grand Théâtre du monde</i> de Calderón de la Barca", Le Cercle Herméneutique, n°18 – 19, <i>La Kédia. Gravité, soin, souci</i>, sous la direction de G.Charbonneau, Argenteuil, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1762-4371">1762-4371</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSliwa2008" class="citation book cs1">Sliwa, Krzysztof (2008). <i>Cartas, documentos y escrituras de Pedro Calderón de la Barca</i> [<i>Letters, documents and deeds of Pedro Calderón de la Barca</i>]. València: University of Valencia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-370-8334-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-370-8334-6"><bdi>978-84-370-8334-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cartas%2C+documentos+y+escrituras+de+Pedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca&rft.place=Val%C3%A8ncia&rft.pub=University+of+Valencia&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-370-8334-6&rft.aulast=Sliwa&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sullivan, Henry W. <i>Calderón in the German Lands and the Low Countries: His Reception and Influence 1654–1980."Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521249027" title="Special:BookSources/9780521249027">9780521249027</a></i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFValbuena_Briones1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Valbuena Briones, Angel (1977). <i>Calderón y La Comedia Nueva</i> [<i>Calderón and The New Comedy</i>] (in European Spanish). Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-239-1626-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-239-1626-X"><bdi>84-239-1626-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calder%C3%B3n+y+La+Comedia+Nueva&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Espasa-Calpe&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=84-239-1626-X&rft.aulast=Valbuena+Briones&rft.aufirst=Angel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca,_Pedro" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calderón de la Barca, Pedro">Calderón de la Barca, Pedro</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca%2C+Pedro&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedro+Calder%C3%B3n+de+la+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Corrections have been made to biographical information using</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Cotarelo y Mori, D. Emilio. <i>Ensayo sobre la vida y obras de D. Pedro Calderón de la Barca</i>. Ed. Facs. Ignacio Arellano y Juan Manuel Escudero. Biblioteca Áurea Hispánica. Madrid;Frankfurt: Iberoamericana; Veuvuert, 2001.</li></ul> <dl><dt>The style section uses the following bibliographical information</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Kurt & Roswitha Reichenberger: "Bibliographisches Handbuch der Calderón-Forschung /Manual bibliográfico calderoniano (I): Die Calderón-Texte und ihre Überlieferung durch Wichser". Kassel, Edition Reichenberger 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87816-023-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-87816-023-2">3-87816-023-2</a></li> <li>Enrique Ruul Fernandez, "Estudio y Edición crítica de Celos aun del aire matan, de Pedro Calderón de la Barca", UNED, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-362-4882-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-362-4882-1">978-84-362-4882-1</a></li> <li>"A Hundred Years dressing Calderón", Sociedad Estatal para la acción cultural exterior, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-96933-22-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-96933-22-4">978-84-96933-22-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Pedro Calderón de la Barca">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" class="extiw" title="commons:Pedro Calderón de la Barca"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca,_Pedro" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calderón de la Barca, Pedro">Calderón de la Barca, Pedro</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/970">Works by Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28%28Pedro+Calderón+de+la+Barca%29%20OR%20%28Pedro+Calder%2An+de+la+Barca%29%29%20OR%20%28%221600-1681%22%20AND%20Barca%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/5858">Works by Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li>A site in Spanish about Calderón at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/bib_autor/Calderon/">Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes</a>. Includes texts, video, images, and more biographical information.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Template:Pedro Calderón de la Barca"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Template talk:Pedro Calderón de la Barca"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pedro Calderón de la Barca"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comedia_(Spanish_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedia (Spanish play)">Comedias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_Lady" title="The Phantom Lady">The Phantom Lady</a></i> (1629)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Dream" title="Life Is a Dream">Life Is a Dream</a></i> (1635)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_m%C3%A9dico_de_su_honra" title="El médico de su honra">El médico de su honra</a></i> (1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_pintor_de_su_deshonra" title="El pintor de su deshonra">El pintor de su deshonra</a></i> (1640s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mayor_of_Zalamea" title="The Mayor of Zalamea">The Mayor of Zalamea</a></i> (1651)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autos_sacramentales" title="Autos sacramentales">Autos sacramentales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Theater_of_the_World" title="The Great Theater of the World">The Great Theater of the World</a></i> (c. 1634)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mayor_of_Zalamea_(1920_film)" title="The Mayor of Zalamea (1920 film)">The Mayor of Zalamea</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_Love" title="The Night of Love">The Night of Love</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_Lady_(film)" title="The Phantom Lady (film)">The Phantom Lady</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mayor_of_Zalamea_(1954_film)" title="The Mayor of Zalamea (1954 film)">The Mayor of Zalamea</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mayor_of_Zalamea_(1956_film)" title="The Mayor of Zalamea (1956 film)">The Mayor of Zalamea</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_in_Chains" title="The Prince in Chains">The Prince in Chains</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Dream_(1986_film)" title="Life Is a Dream (1986 film)">Life Is a Dream</a></i> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_(opera)" title="Henry VIII (opera)">Henry VIII</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Dream_(opera)" title="Life Is a Dream (opera)">Life Is a Dream</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Calder%C3%B3n%27s_plays_in_English_translation" title="List of Calderón's plays in English translation">List of Calderón's plays in English translation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170800#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4486" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170800#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4486" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170800#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122818039">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73850932">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/33671/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXh7Vk4TRQQRgyrpYdcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118518399">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79040086">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894840z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894840z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00435078">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Calderón de la Barca, Pedro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV004013">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35024658">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001296&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1719649">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/19671">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068449941">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90069736">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000027955&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000064913&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000034819">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=138771">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000035839">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201108796">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/wt7993df102ppm5">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810646500505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/6199">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259213505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000041442">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521645106706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14649858">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00465117?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/5f7a61de-31e9-4331-8f21-9e811301aa39">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102330">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118518399">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/798488">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118518399.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118518399">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026762668">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66n3wr0">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61v5fnj">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/43524">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca&oldid=1260127440">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca&oldid=1260127440</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1600_births" title="Category:1600 births">1600 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1681_deaths" title="Category:1681 deaths">1681 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:17th-century Roman Catholics">17th-century Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Spanish_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:17th-century Spanish dramatists and playwrights">17th-century Spanish dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Spanish_poets" title="Category:17th-century Spanish poets">17th-century Spanish poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_writers" title="Category:Baroque writers">Baroque writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Baroque_people" title="Category:Spanish Baroque people">Spanish Baroque people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Catholic_poets" title="Category:Spanish Catholic poets">Spanish Catholic poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Category:Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_male_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:Spanish male dramatists and playwrights">Spanish male dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_male_poets" title="Category:Spanish male poets">Spanish male poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_people_of_Dutch_descent" title="Category:Spanish people of Dutch descent">Spanish people of Dutch descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_people_of_Flemish_descent" title="Category:Spanish people of Flemish descent">Spanish people of Flemish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Roman_Catholic_priests" title="Category:Spanish Roman Catholic priests">Spanish Roman Catholic priests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Roman_Catholic_writers" title="Category:Spanish Roman Catholic writers">Spanish Roman Catholic writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Salamanca_alumni" title="Category:University of Salamanca alumni">University of Salamanca alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Madrid" title="Category:Writers from Madrid">Writers from Madrid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2014">Use dmy dates from February 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Spanish_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Spanish IPA">Pages with Spanish IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_European_Spanish-language_sources_(es-es)" title="Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)">CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Project_Gutenberg_links" title="Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links">Articles with Project Gutenberg links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Internet_Archive_links" title="Category:Articles with Internet Archive links">Articles with Internet Archive links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LibriVox_links" title="Category:Articles with LibriVox links">Articles with LibriVox links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 November 2024, at 01:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedro Calderón de la Barca</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>79 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59986f9cc4-jb4md","wgBackendResponseTime":209,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.020","walltime":"1.382","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7387,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":114083,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10259,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":139691,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1174.045 1 -total"," 18.95% 222.501 3 Template:Reflist"," 16.04% 188.290 16 Template:Cite_book"," 13.10% 153.849 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 12.56% 147.459 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.56% 124.028 1 Template:IPA"," 8.02% 94.118 3 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 7.23% 84.870 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.12% 83.573 1 Template:Pedro_Calderón_de_la_Barca"," 6.98% 81.925 3 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.621","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21491729,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBoix1840\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelmelle1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDíaz-Plaja1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEckermann1837\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzmaurice-Kelly1898\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGonzález_Mas1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHibbs-Lissorgues1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvinskai︠a︡1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerimee2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerri,_Dennis2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrat1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPérez_Magallón2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamonà1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSliwa2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValbuena_Briones1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXuan2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZiomek1984\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Calderon De La Barca, Pedro\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"EB1911 poster\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Family name hatnote\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Gutenberg author\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 12,\n [\"ISSN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox writer\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Librivox author\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Pedro Calderón de la Barca\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 3,\n [\"Refn\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 10,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaced ndash\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Verse translation\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7757cc99d6-b8vdt","timestamp":"20250302033917","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pedro Calder\u00f3n de la Barca","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q170800","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q170800","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-27T11:10:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-29T01:02:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fa\/Las_Glorias_Nacionales%2C_1852_%22D._Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca%22_%284013195639%29.jpg","headline":"Spanish dramatist (1600-1681)"}</script> </body> </html>