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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag_Rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag_Rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Flag Rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag_Rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Director_General_Indian_Coast_Guard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Director_General_Indian_Coast_Guard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Director General Indian Coast Guard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Director_General_Indian_Coast_Guard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice Admiral</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Swaraj Parkash</div><br /><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/PVSM" class="mw-redirect" title="PVSM">PVSM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">MVC</a>, <a href="/wiki/AVSM" class="mw-redirect" title="AVSM">AVSM</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VAdm_Swaraj_Parkash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/VAdm_Swaraj_Parkash.jpg/220px-VAdm_Swaraj_Parkash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/VAdm_Swaraj_Parkash.jpg/330px-VAdm_Swaraj_Parkash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/VAdm_Swaraj_Parkash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="472" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Vice Admiral Swaraj Parkash (pictured wearing rear admiral's insignia)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1923-09-03</span>)</span>3 September 1923<br /><a href="/wiki/Jullundur" class="mw-redirect" title="Jullundur">Jullundur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a><br /><small>(now in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 January 2004<span style="display:none">(2004-01-20)</span> (aged 80)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> (1943–1947)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (from 1947)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg/46px-Flag_of_Imperial_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">Royal Indian Navy</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/23px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/35px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg/46px-Indian_Coast_Guard_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1943–1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/British_Royal_Navy_%28sleeves%29_OF-8.svg/23px-British_Royal_Navy_%28sleeves%29_OF-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/British_Royal_Navy_%28sleeves%29_OF-8.svg/35px-British_Royal_Navy_%28sleeves%29_OF-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/British_Royal_Navy_%28sleeves%29_OF-8.svg/46px-British_Royal_Navy_%28sleeves%29_OF-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg/23px-13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg/35px-13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg/46px-13-Indian_Navy-VADM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="488" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice Admiral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Western_Fleet_(India)" title="Western Fleet (India)">Western Fleet</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a> <br /><a href="/wiki/INS_Delhi_(C74)" title="INS Delhi (C74)">INS <i>Delhi</i> (C74)</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/INS_Khukri_(F149)" title="INS Khukri (F149)">INS <i>Khukri</i> (F149)</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/INS_Betwa_(F139)" title="INS Betwa (F139)">INS <i>Betwa</i> (1959)</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/HMIS_Kistna" title="HMIS Kistna">INS Krisna(U46)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/20px-Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/30px-Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/40px-Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Param Vishisht Seva Medal">Param Vishisht Seva Medal</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg/20px-Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg/30px-Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg/40px-Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/20px-Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/30px-Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/40px-Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Ati Vishisht Seva Medal">Ati Vishisht Seva Medal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice Admiral</a> <b>Swaraj Parkash</b>, <a href="/wiki/PVSM" class="mw-redirect" title="PVSM">PVSM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">MVC</a>, <a href="/wiki/AVSM" class="mw-redirect" title="AVSM">AVSM</a> (3 September 1923 – 20 January 2004) was a Flag officer in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>. He was the Captain of the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a> during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a> for which he was decorated with India's second-highest military decoration, the <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a>. He later served as the second <a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_the_Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Director General of the Indian Coast Guard">Director General of the Indian Coast Guard</a> from 1980 to 1982. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parkash was born on 3 September 1923 to Pandit Milkhi Ram in <a href="/wiki/Jalandhar_Cantonment" title="Jalandhar Cantonment">Jalandhar Cantonment</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995344_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995344-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the Royal Indian Naval Reserve in December 1942 as a <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">Midshipman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIB_COP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIB_COP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_career">Naval career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naval career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a midshipman, he served on the auxiliary patrol vessel <i>HMIS Laxmi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parkash was commissioned as an acting <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</a> on 3 September 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Navy_List_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navy_List-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then served on another auxiliary patrol vessel <i>HMIS St. Antony</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of the war, in 1945, he commanded the <a href="/wiki/Basset-class_trawler" title="Basset-class trawler">Basset-class trawler</a> <i>HMIS Travancore</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Independence">Post-Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, he was selected to attend the Long Navigation and Direction course and embarked for the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. He served as the <a href="/wiki/Flag_lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag lieutenant">flag lieutenant</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)#Commander-in-Chief,_Royal_Indian_Navy_(1947–1948)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Parry_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer)">Sir William Edward Parry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He specialised in navigation and direction.<sup id="cite_ref-PIB_VCNS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIB_VCNS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was promoted to the acting rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commander</a> in December 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Cantonment" title="Wellington Cantonment">Wellington</a> in 1955. He later served as the <a href="/wiki/Directing_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Directing Staff">Directing Staff</a> at the college. </p><p>Parkash commanded the <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan-class_sloop" title="Black Swan-class sloop">Black Swan-class sloop</a> <a href="/wiki/HMIS_Kistna" title="HMIS Kistna">INS Krisna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Leopard-class_frigate" title="Leopard-class frigate">Leopard-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Betwa_(F139)" title="INS Betwa (F139)">INS <i>Betwa</i> (1959)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Blackwood-class_frigate" title="Blackwood-class frigate">Blackwood-class frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Khukri_(F149)" title="INS Khukri (F149)">INS <i>Khukri</i> (F149)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leander-class_cruiser_(1931)" title="Leander-class cruiser (1931)">Leander-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Delhi_(C74)" title="INS Delhi (C74)">INS <i>Delhi</i> (C74)</a>. In 1965, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a> at <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIB_COP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIB_COP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was promoted to the substantive rank of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(Indian_Navy)" title="Captain (Indian Navy)">Captain</a> on 30 June 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also served as the <a href="/wiki/Military_attach%C3%A9" title="Military attaché">Naval attaché</a> to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_India_to_Russia" title="List of ambassadors of India to Russia">Ambassador of India to USSR</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_India_in_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of India in Moscow">Embassy of India in Moscow</a>. He subsequently moved to Naval headquarters and took over as the Director of the Submarine arm.<sup id="cite_ref-PIB_VCNS_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIB_VCNS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Ati Vishisht Seva Medal">Ati Vishisht Seva Medal</a> on 26 January 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-AVSM_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AVSM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971</a></div> <p>The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Liberation war">Bangladesh Liberation war</a>, a conflict between the traditionally dominant <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistanis</a> and the majority <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistanis</a>. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Pakistani government</a> failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a> launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Security_-_1971_War_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Security_-_1971_War-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parkash took command of the <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> of the Navy, the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a> before the outbreak of the war. The ship was part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Fleet_(India)" title="Western Fleet (India)">Western Fleet</a>. In mid 1971, the <i>Vikrant</i>, along with her escorts, the frigates <a href="/wiki/INS_Brahmaputra_(1957)" title="INS Brahmaputra (1957)">INS Brahmaputra</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Beas_(1958)" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Beas (1958)">INS Beas</a> were moved from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Fleet_(India)" title="Western Fleet (India)">Western Fleet</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a>. Thus, INS Vikrant became the flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Fleet_(India)" title="Eastern Fleet (India)">Eastern Fleet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishnan2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Vikrant</i>, commanded by Parkash formed the core of the strike force of the Eastern Fleet. <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_1050_Aliz%C3%A9" title="Bréguet 1050 Alizé">Alizé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Hawk" title="Hawker Sea Hawk">Hawker Sea Hawk</a> aircraft from the <i>Vikrant</i> and the ships of the fleet bombarded <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar" title="Cox's Bazar">Cox's Bazar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarma2001159-160_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarma2001159-160-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The air strikes of INS Vikrant resulted in the sinking or rendering useless 11 merchant ships totalling 56914 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishnan201164_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan201164-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newly-refitted submarine of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/PNS_Ghazi" title="PNS Ghazi">PNS Ghazi</a> set out to hunt the <i>Vikrant</i>, but it was the professional skill and strategic manoeuvres which foiled the attempts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995344_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995344-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parkash was decorated with the <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a> for his command of the <i>Vikrant</i>. The citation for the <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a> reads as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Gazette Notification: 18 Pres/72,12-2-72 </p><p>Operation: 1971 Cactus Lily Date of Award: 1971 </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>CITATION</b><br /> <p><b>CAPTAIN SWARAJ PARKASH, AVSM</b><br /> </p> <b>(00022-Z)</b></div> <p>Captain Swaraj Parkash Commanded INS VIKRANT which was the nucleus of the Naval interdiction and strike force operating against the enemy in the Bay of Bengal. Throughout the period of those operations, the ship was operating in most hazardous waters and was the principal target both for the enemy Submarines and Aircraft. With indomitable spirit, he launched ceaseless offensive operations against the enemy. The successful air strikes from the VIKRANT had devastating effect on Ports all along the Bangladesh coast and completely denied the enemy the use of sea and island waterways. The complete supremacy of our Naval force symbolized by the VIKRANT paralyzed the enemy, shattered his morale and considerably expedited the enemy’s capitulation in the Eastern Theatre. </p><p> Captain Swaraj Parkash displayed conspicuous gallantry inspiring leadership, professional skill and devotion to duty in keeping with the highest traditions of the Indian Navy.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flag_Rank">Flag Rank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flag Rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, in 1973, Parkash was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)" title="Rear admiral (India)">Rear Admiral</a> and appointed <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff</a> (DCNS). After a short stint, he assumed command of the Western Fleet as <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Western_Fleet" title="Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet">Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet</a> in the rank of <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)" title="Rear admiral (India)">Rear Admiral</a>. He subsequently moved back to Naval HQ as DCNS where he served for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-PIB_ENC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIB_ENC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 April 1976, he was promoted to the acting rank of <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice Admiral</a> and was appointed Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He relinquished command of the Eastern navy in 1977, handing over to his former <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Eastern_Fleet" title="Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet">Fleet Commander</a> during the war, Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/S_H_Sarma" class="mw-redirect" title="S H Sarma">S H Sarma</a>. Parkash subsequently moved to Naval HQ as took over as <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Personnel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Personnel (India)">Chief of Personnel</a> (COP).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parkash was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Param Vishisht Seva Medal">Param Vishisht Seva Medal</a> on 26 January 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After serving as COP for about two years, Parkash was appointed the 6th <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Naval Staff</a>, the second senior-most position of the Navy, succeeding Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lynsdale_Pereira" title="Ronald Lynsdale Pereira">Ronald Lynsdale Pereira</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PIB_VCNS_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIB_VCNS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He relinquished office of VCNS on 31 March 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Director_General_Indian_Coast_Guard">Director General Indian Coast Guard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Director General Indian Coast Guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> came into being on 19 August 1978. The new service was to function under the overall command and control of a Director general.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 April 1980, Parkash took over as the second <a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_the_Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Director General of the Indian Coast Guard">Director General of the Indian Coast Guard</a> (DGICG), succeeding Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/V._A._Kamath" title="V. A. Kamath">V. A. Kamath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as the DGICG for two years, before retiring.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parkash retired on 31 March 1982. He died in New Delhi on 20 January 2004, at the age of 80.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995344-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995344_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravorty1995344_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChakravorty1995">Chakravorty 1995</a>, p. 344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIB_COP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIB_COP_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIB_COP_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1977-JAN-JULY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1977-03-08_052.pdf">"ADMIRAL PARKASH, NAVAL CHIEF OF PERSONNEL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 8 March 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=ADMIRAL+PARKASH%2C+NAVAL+CHIEF+OF+PERSONNEL&rft.date=1977-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1977-JAN-JULY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I%2FPDF%2FDEF-1977-03-08_052.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/93156334">"(1114) - Navy lists > Bimonthly > 1943 > June > Volume 2 - British Military lists - National Library of Scotland"</a>. <i>digital.nls.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.nls.uk&rft.atitle=%281114%29+-+Navy+lists+%3E+Bimonthly+%3E+1943+%3E+June+%3E+Volume+2+-+British+Military+lists+-+National+Library+of+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.nls.uk%2Fbritish-military-lists%2Farchive%2F93156334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navy_List-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Navy_List_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Officers of the Royal Indian Naval Reserve". <i>The Navy List: April 1945</i>. 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(5 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedailyguardian.com/how-delhi-and-mysore-pioneered-indian-navys-blue-water-odyssey/">"How Delhi and Mysore pioneered Indian Navy's blue water odyssey"</a>. <i>The Daily Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Delhi+and+Mysore+pioneered+Indian+Navy%27s+blue+water+odyssey&rft.date=2020-07-05&rft.aulast=Kesnur&rft.aufirst=Cmde+Srikant+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedailyguardian.com%2Fhow-delhi-and-mysore-pioneered-indian-navys-blue-water-odyssey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIB_VCNS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIB_VCNS_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIB_VCNS_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIB_VCNS_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1979-JAN-MAY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1979-02-22_092.pdf">"VICE ADMIRAL SWARAJ PARKASH TO TAKE OVER AS VICE CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 22 February 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=VICE+ADMIRAL+SWARAJ+PARKASH+TO+TAKE+OVER+AS+VICE+CHIEF+OF+NAVAL+STAFF&rft.date=1979-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1979-JAN-MAY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I%2FPDF%2FDEF-1979-02-22_092.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1952-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1952-12-31_358.pdf">"PROMOTIONS IN INDIAN NAVY"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 31 December 1952.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=PROMOTIONS+IN+INDIAN+NAVY&rft.date=1952-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1952-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1952-12-31_358.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1967-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1967-06-30_222.pdf">"NAVAL PROMOTIONS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>archive.pib.gov.in</i>. 30 June 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.pib.gov.in&rft.atitle=NAVAL+PROMOTIONS&rft.date=1967-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1967-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1967-06-30_222.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AVSM-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AVSM_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1971-JAN-DEC-AWARDS-/PDF/DEF-1971-01-25_004.pdf">"GALLANTRY AND DISTINGUISHED ERVICE AWARDS FOR DEFENCE PERSONNEL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 25 January 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=GALLANTRY+AND+DISTINGUISHED+ERVICE+AWARDS+FOR+DEFENCE+PERSONNEL&rft.date=1971-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1971-JAN-DEC-AWARDS-%2FPDF%2FDEF-1971-01-25_004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Security_-_1971_War-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Global_Security_-_1971_War_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm">"Indo-Pakistani War of 1971"</a>. <i>Global Security</i>. 27 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161126094736/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Security&rft.atitle=Indo-Pakistani+War+of+1971&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fwar%2Findo-pak_1971.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan2011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishnan2011_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrishnan2011">Krishnan 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarma2001159-160-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarma2001159-160_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSarma2001">Sarma 2001</a>, p. 159-160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnan201164-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishnan201164_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrishnan2011">Krishnan 2011</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/swaraj-parkash-avsm">"SWARAJ PARKASH, AVSM | Gallantry Awards"</a>. <i>gallantryawards.gov.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gallantryawards.gov.in&rft.atitle=SWARAJ+PARKASH%2C+AVSM+%7C+Gallantry+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallantryawards.gov.in%2FAwardee%2Fswaraj-parkash-avsm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twdi.in/node/1494">"Mahavir Chakra (MVC), Awardee: Vice Adm Swaraj Parkash, MVC, AVSM (retd) @ TWDI"</a>. <i>twdi.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twdi.in&rft.atitle=Mahavir+Chakra+%28MVC%29%2C+Awardee%3A+Vice+Adm+Swaraj+Parkash%2C+MVC%2C+AVSM+%28retd%29+%40+TWDI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftwdi.in%2Fnode%2F1494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIB_ENC-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PIB_ENC_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1976-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1976-04-02_089.pdf">"ADMIRAL PARKASH TO HEAD EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 2 April 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=ADMIRAL+PARKASH+TO+HEAD+EASTERN+NAVAL+COMMAND&rft.date=1976-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1976-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1976-04-02_089.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D9sbyi_NrNcC">"Translations on South and East Asia"</a>. 621–636. Joint Publications Research Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Translations+on+South+and+East+Asia&rft.volume=621-636&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD9sbyi_NrNcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1977-JAN-JULY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I/PDF/DEF-1977-03-08_049.pdf">"ADMIRAL SARMA TO HEAD EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 8 March 1977.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=ADMIRAL+SARMA+TO+HEAD+EASTERN+NAVAL+COMMAND&rft.date=1977-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1977-JAN-JULY-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-I%2FPDF%2FDEF-1977-03-08_049.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1978-JAN-DEC-AWARDS/PDF/DEF-1978-01-25_004.pdf">"GALLANTRY AND DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARDS FOR DEFENCE PERSONNEL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 25 January 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=GALLANTRY+AND+DISTINGUISHED+SERVICE+AWARDS+FOR+DEFENCE+PERSONNEL&rft.date=1978-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1978-JAN-DEC-AWARDS%2FPDF%2FDEF-1978-01-25_004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovember_18April_30November_20Ist" class="citation web cs1">November 18, india today digital; April 30, india today digital; November 20, india today digital; Ist, india today digital. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/19800430-s.s.-grewal-appointed-cabinet-secretary-806638-2014-11-18">"S.S. Grewal appointed Cabinet Secretary"</a>. <i>India Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=S.S.+Grewal+appointed+Cabinet+Secretary&rft.aulast=November+18&rft.aufirst=india+today+digital&rft.au=April+30%2C+india+today+digital&rft.au=November+20%2C+india+today+digital&rft.au=Ist%2C+india+today+digital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fsignposts%2Fstory%2F19800430-s.s.-grewal-appointed-cabinet-secretary-806638-2014-11-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1978-APR-AUG-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-2/PDF/DEF-1978-06-29_121.pdf">"COAST GUARD TO BE FORMED IN AUGUST"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 29 June 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=COAST+GUARD+TO+BE+FORMED+IN+AUGUST&rft.date=1978-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1978-APR-AUG-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-PART-2%2FPDF%2FDEF-1978-06-29_121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1980-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1980-03-31_124.pdf">"VICE ADMIRAL SWARAJ PARKASH TAKES OVER AS DIRECTOR GENERAL COAST GUARD"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pibarchive.nic.in</i>. 31 March 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pibarchive.nic.in&rft.atitle=VICE+ADMIRAL+SWARAJ+PARKASH+TAKES+OVER+AS+DIRECTOR+GENERAL+COAST+GUARD&rft.date=1980-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1980-JAN-JUNE-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1980-03-31_124.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiancoastguard.gov.in/content/1545_1_DIRECTORSGENERAL.aspx">"DIRECTOR GENERAL"</a>. <i>indiancoastguard.gov.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indiancoastguard.gov.in&rft.atitle=DIRECTOR+GENERAL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiancoastguard.gov.in%2Fcontent%2F1545_1_DIRECTORSGENERAL.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahabuddin2013" class="citation book cs1">Shahabuddin, Khwaja Sayeed (2013). "Chapter 6: The Three Dufferin Years, 1939–41". <i>Lest I Forget</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+6%3A+The+Three+Dufferin+Years%2C+1939%E2%80%9341&rft.btitle=Lest+I+Forget&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Shahabuddin&rft.aufirst=Khwaja+Sayeed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakravorty1995" class="citation cs2">Chakravorty, B.C. (1995), <i>Stories of heroism: PVC & MVC winners</i>, Allied Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170235163" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170235163"><bdi>978-8170235163</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stories+of+heroism%3A+PVC+%26+MVC+winners&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-8170235163&rft.aulast=Chakravorty&rft.aufirst=B.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnan2011" class="citation cs2">Krishnan, Nilakanta (2011), <i>A Sailor's story</i>, Punya Pub, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8189534141" title="Special:BookSources/978-8189534141"><bdi>978-8189534141</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sailor%27s+story&rft.pub=Punya+Pub&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-8189534141&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=Nilakanta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarma2001" class="citation cs2">Sarma, S H (2001), <i>My years at sea</i>, Lancer Publishers & Distributors, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170621218" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170621218"><bdi>978-8170621218</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+years+at+sea&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-8170621218&rft.aulast=Sarma&rft.aufirst=S+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwaraj+Parkash" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">S. L. Sethi</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)#Commanding_officers" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">Commanding Officer INS Vikrant</a> </b><br />1971-1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/M._K._Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="M. K. Roy">M. K. Roy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b><br /><div style="font-size:90%">Appointment created</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff</a> </b><br />1973-1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/N._P._Datta" title="N. P. Datta">N. P. Datta</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kirpal_Singh_(Indian_Navy_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirpal Singh (Indian Navy officer)">Kirpal Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Western_Fleet" title="Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet">Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet</a> </b><br />1973-1974 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/N._P._Datta" title="N. P. Datta">N. P. Datta</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff</a> </b><br />1974-1976 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/K._L._Kulkarni" title="K. L. Kulkarni">K. L. Kulkarni</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding-in-Chief_Eastern_Naval_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command">Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command</a> </b><br />1976-1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/S._H._Sarma" title="S. H. Sarma">S. H. Sarma</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rustom_K._S._Ghandhi" title="Rustom K. S. Ghandhi">Rustom K. S. Ghandhi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Personnel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Personnel (India)">Chief of Personnel</a> </b><br />1977-1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Prahlad_Awati" title="Manohar Prahlad Awati">Manohar Prahlad Awati</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lynsdale_Pereira" title="Ronald Lynsdale Pereira">Ronald Lynsdale Pereira</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Naval Staff</a> </b><br />1979-1980 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/M._R._Schunker" title="M. R. Schunker">M. R. Schunker</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/V._A._Kamath" title="V. A. Kamath">V. A. Kamath</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_the_Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Director General of the Indian Coast Guard">Director General of the Indian Coast Guard</a> </b><br />1980-1982 </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&oldid=1242267289">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Parkash&oldid=1242267289</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1923_births" title="Category:1923 births">1923 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_deaths" title="Category:2004 deaths">2004 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Navy_vice_admirals" title="Category:Indian Navy vice admirals">Indian Navy vice admirals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_General_of_the_Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Category:Directors General of the Indian Coast Guard">Directors General of the Indian Coast Guard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vice_chiefs_of_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Category:Vice chiefs of Naval Staff (India)">Vice chiefs of Naval Staff (India)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputy_chiefs_of_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Category:Deputy chiefs of Naval Staff (India)">Deputy chiefs of Naval Staff (India)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chiefs_of_Personnel_(India)" title="Category:Chiefs of Personnel (India)">Chiefs of Personnel (India)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flag_Officers_Commanding_Western_Fleet" title="Category:Flag Officers Commanding Western Fleet">Flag Officers Commanding Western Fleet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Indian_Navy_officers" title="Category:Royal Indian Navy officers">Royal Indian Navy officers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal">Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Category:Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra">Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal">Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_War_College_alumni" title="Category:Naval War College alumni">Naval War College alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_naval_attach%C3%A9s" title="Category:Indian naval attachés">Indian naval attachés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defence_Services_Staff_College_alumni" title="Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni">Defence Services Staff College alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 August 2024, at 21:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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