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</a> <ul id="toc-East_India_Company_to_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_to_the_end_of_the_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_to_the_end_of_the_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Independence to the end of the 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_to_the_end_of_the_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century_onwards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century_onwards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 21st century onwards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century_onwards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Current role </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_and_organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_and_organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Command and organisation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Command_and_organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Command and organisation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Command_and_organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Organisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rank_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Rank structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Officers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rating_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rating_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Rating personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rating_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navy_MCPO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navy_MCPO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Navy MCPO </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navy_MCPO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_Air_Arm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_Air_Arm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Naval Air Arm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_Air_Arm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MARCOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MARCOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 MARCOS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MARCOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Equipment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Equipment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Ships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Aircraft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submarines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submarines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Submarines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submarines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapon_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapon_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Weapon systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapon_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronic_warfare_and_systems_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronic_warfare_and_systems_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Electronic warfare and systems management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronic_warfare_and_systems_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_satellite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_satellite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Naval satellite </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_satellite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Activities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Activities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fleet_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fleet_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Fleet reviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fleet_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_exercises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_exercises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Naval exercises </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_exercises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_of_the_Indian_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Future of the Indian Navy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_of_the_Indian_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Naval_Ensign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Naval_Ensign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Indian Naval Ensign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Naval_Ensign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Documents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Indian Navy</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" > 42 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiese_Vloot" title="Indiese Vloot – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indiese Vloot" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="البحرية الهندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البحرية الهندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_H%C9%99rbi_D%C9%99niz_Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Hindistan Hərbi Dəniz Qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan Hərbi Dəniz Qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="ভারতীয় নৌবাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় নৌবাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय नेवी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारतीय नेवी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_%C3%8Dndia" title="Armada Índia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Armada Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1mo%C5%99nictvo" title="Indické námořnictvo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indické námořnictvo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Marine" title="Indische Marine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indische Marine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_India" title="Marina India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marina India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیروی دریایی هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی دریایی هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_indienne" title="Marine indienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marine indienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%ED%95%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="인도 해군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 해군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय नौसेना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय नौसेना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijska_mornarica" title="Indijska mornarica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indijska mornarica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_India" title="Angkatan Laut India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Laut India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_militare_dell%27India" title="Marina militare dell'India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marina militare dell'India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99" title="חיל הים ההודי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיל הים ההודי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86" title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय नौसेना – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारतीय नौसेना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ നേവി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ നേവി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B2" title="भारतीय नौदल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय नौदल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Laut_India" title="Tentera Laut India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tentera Laut India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय नौसेना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय नौसेना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="インド海軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド海軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8C%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ନୌସେନା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ନୌସେନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਲ ਸੈਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਜਲ ਸੈਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بھارتی بحریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی بحریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyjska_Marynarka_Wojenna" title="Indyjska Marynarka Wojenna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indyjska Marynarka Wojenna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinha_Indiana" title="Marinha Indiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Maritime service branch of the Indian Armed Forces</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Indian Navy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy_Insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_Insignia.png/100px-Indian_Navy_Insignia.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_Insignia.png/150px-Indian_Navy_Insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_Insignia.png/200px-Indian_Navy_Insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="1015" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the Indian Navy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1950; 74 years ago (26 January 1950) (as current service) <hr /> 5 September 1612; 412 years ago (5 September 1612) (as <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">East India Company's Marine</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhatia197728-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Force_projection" class="mw-redirect" title="Force projection">force projection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sealift" title="Sealift">sealift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massive_retaliation" title="Massive retaliation">nuclear deterrence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">64,000 active personnel<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> 50,000 reserve personnel<a href="#cite_note-:10-4">[4]</a> (250 including <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">auxiliaries</a>) Approx. <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft#Naval_Air_Arm" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">300 aircraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/23px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/46px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">Integrated Defence Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Shaṁ No <a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a>ḥ (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>) <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> 'May the Lord of Water be auspicious onto us'</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data">Navy blue, gold and white <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Quick: Jai Bharati (Victory to India)</li> <li>Slow: Anand Lok (Realm of Joy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy_Day_(India)" title="Navy Day (India)">Navy Day</a>: 4 December</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Operational fleet</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>as of January 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit">[update]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">2 <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft carriers">Aircraft carriers</a> 1 <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">Amphibious transport dock</a> 6 <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Tank">Landing Ship Tanks</a> 8 <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Utility" title="Landing Craft Utility">Landing Craft Utility</a> 13 <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyers</a> 15 <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">Frigates</a> 20 <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvettes</a> 3 <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">Nuclear submarines</a> 17 <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Diesel Submarines</a> 15 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Offshore_Patrol_Vessels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Offshore Patrol Vessels (page does not exist)">Offshore Patrol Vessels</a> 115 <a href="/wiki/Patrol_vessels" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrol vessels">Patrol vessels</a> 5 <a href="/wiki/Replenishment_Oiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Replenishment Oiler">Replenishment Oilers</a> Other auxiliary vessels </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>Major wars and operations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-Indian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese-Indian War">Portuguese-Indian War</a> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation Trident</a> <a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_Insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 JVP Insurrection">1971 insurgency in Ceylon</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Python" title="Operation Python">Operation Python</a> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971</a> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lal_Dora" title="Operation Lal Dora">Operation Lal Dora</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus">Operation Cactus</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Flowers_are_Blooming" title="Operation Flowers are Blooming">Operation Flowers are Blooming</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Talwar" title="Operation Talwar">Kargil War (Operation Talwar)</a> <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in Somalia">Anti-piracy operations in Somalia</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiannavy.nic.in/">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/23px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/35px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/46px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_K_Tripathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh K Tripathi">Dinesh K Tripathi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vice_Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/23px-Vice_Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vice_Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/35px-Vice_Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vice_Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/46px-Vice_Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Swaminathan" title="Krishna Swaminathan">Krishna Swaminathan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Navy_Master_Chief_Petty_Officer" title="Navy Master Chief Petty Officer">Navy Master Chief Petty Officer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dilbahadur Chhetri</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/23px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/35px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/46px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Sardarilal_Mathradas_Nanda" title="Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda">S. M. Nanda</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/23px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/35px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/46px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Sourendra_Nath_Kohli" title="Sourendra Nath Kohli">Sourendra Nath Kohli</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/23px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/35px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg/46px-Admiral_ensign_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass_Katari" title="Ram Dass Katari">Ram Dass Katari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Ensign" title="Indian Naval Ensign">Ensign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/140px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/210px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/280px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Jack_(flag)" title="Jack (flag)">Jack</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/140px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/210px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/280px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_pennant" title="Commissioning pennant">Pennant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Commissioning_pennant_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Commissioning_pennant_of_India.svg/200px-Commissioning_pennant_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Commissioning_pennant_of_India.svg/300px-Commissioning_pennant_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Commissioning_pennant_of_India.svg/400px-Commissioning_pennant_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Navy.svg/150px-President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Navy.svg/225px-President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Navy.svg/300px-President%27s_Colour_of_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="670" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K" title="Mikoyan MiG-29K">Mikoyan MiG-29K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Dassault Rafale-M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">Dhruv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-28" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamov Ka-28">Ka-28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-31" title="Kamov Ka-31">Ka-31</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Sea King Mk.42C</a>, <a href="/wiki/UH-3_Sea_King" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-3 Sea King">UH-3 Sea King</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Chetak" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Chetak">Chetak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-60R" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorsky MH-60R">Sikorsky MH-60R</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">Utility helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">Dhruv</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Patrol_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrol aircraft">Patrol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Boeing P-8 Poseidon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dornier_228" title="Dornier 228">Dornier 228</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britten-Norman_BN-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Britten-Norman BN-2">Britten-Norman BN-2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">IAI Heron</a>, <a href="/wiki/IAI_Searcher" title="IAI Searcher">IAI Searcher Mk II</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">General Atomics MQ-9B SeaGuardian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">Trainer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Hawk">BAE Hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_HJT-16_Kiran" title="HAL HJT-16 Kiran">HAL HJT-16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipistrel_Virus" title="Pipistrel Virus">Pipistrel Virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K#variants" title="Mikoyan MiG-29K">MiG-29KUB</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> The Indian Navy is the <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">maritime branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of Naval Staff</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Four-star_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-star rank">four-star</a> <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">admiral</a>, commands the navy. As a <a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">blue-water navy</a>, it operates significantly in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf Region</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>, and routinely conducts anti-piracy operations and partners with other navies in the region. It also conducts routine two to three month-long deployments in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China</a> seas as well as in the western <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean sea</a> simultaneously. The primary objective of the navy is to safeguard the nation's maritime borders, and in conjunction with other <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Armed Forces of the union</a>, act to deter or defeat any threats or aggression against the territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and peace. Through joint exercises, goodwill visits and humanitarian missions, including disaster relief, the Indian Navy promotes bilateral relations between nations. As of June 2019, the Indian Navy has 67,252 active<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and 75,000 reserve personnel in service and has a fleet of 150 ships and submarines, and 300 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-size-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-sizedod-7">[7]</a> As of September 2022, the operational fleet consists of 2 active <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft carriers">aircraft carriers</a> and 1 <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">amphibious transport dock</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">landing ship tanks</a>, 8 <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Utility" title="Landing Craft Utility">landing craft utility</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic missile submarines">ballistic missile submarines</a>, 16 conventionally-powered <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarines</a>, 18 <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Mine_countermeasure_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine countermeasure vessel">mine countermeasure vessel</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/Replenishment_oiler" title="Replenishment oiler">fleet tankers</a> and numerous other <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">auxiliary vessels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">small patrol boats</a> and sophisticated ships. It is considered as a multi-regional power projection <a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">blue-water navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-classification-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="History of the Indian Navy">History of the Indian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_ship_on_lead_coin_of_Vashishtiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Indian_ship_on_lead_coin_of_Vashishtiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg/220px-Indian_ship_on_lead_coin_of_Vashishtiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Indian_ship_on_lead_coin_of_Vashishtiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg/330px-Indian_ship_on_lead_coin_of_Vashishtiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Indian_ship_on_lead_coin_of_Vashishtiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg/440px-Indian_ship_on_lead_coin_of_Vashishtiputra_Shri_Pulumavi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="1435" /></a><figcaption>Ancient Indian ship on lead coin of <a href="/wiki/Vasisthiputra_Sri_Pulamavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi">Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi</a>, testimony to the naval, seafaring and trading capabilities of the <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81tav%C4%81hana_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sātavāhana Empire">Sātavāhana Empire</a>, during the 1st–2nd century CE.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Maritime_History">Early Maritime History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early Maritime History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Indian maritime history</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Maritime history of Odisha</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ajanta_Cave_2_three-mast_sailship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ajanta_Cave_2_three-mast_sailship.jpg/220px-Ajanta_Cave_2_three-mast_sailship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ajanta_Cave_2_three-mast_sailship.jpg/330px-Ajanta_Cave_2_three-mast_sailship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ajanta_Cave_2_three-mast_sailship.jpg/440px-Ajanta_Cave_2_three-mast_sailship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Three-mast sailship, <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a> Cave No.2 c. 5th century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boita-_Brahmeswara_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Boita-_Brahmeswara_Temple.jpg/220px-Boita-_Brahmeswara_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Boita-_Brahmeswara_Temple.jpg/330px-Boita-_Brahmeswara_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Boita-_Brahmeswara_Temple.jpg/440px-Boita-_Brahmeswara_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Sculptured frieze depicting two <a href="/wiki/Boita" title="Boita">Boitas</a> of Ancient <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a> found near <a href="/wiki/Brahmeswara_Temple" title="Brahmeswara Temple">Brahmeswara Temple</a>. 10th century.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">maritime history</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> dates back 6,000 years to the pre-<a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Interesting_facts_about_India_-_India.gov.in_Archive-10">[10]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Kutch_district" title="Kutch district">Kutch</a> mariner's log book from 19th century recorded that the first tidal dock in India was built at <a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a> around 2300 BC during the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, near the present-day harbor of <a href="/wiki/Mangrol,_Kathiawar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangrol, Kathiawar">Mangrol</a> on the Gujarat coast. The <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig Veda</a> credits <a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> god of water and the <a href="/wiki/Celestial_ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial ocean">celestial ocean</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen199948-11">[11]</a> with knowledge of the ocean routes and describes the use of ships having hundred oars in the naval expeditions by Indians. There are also references to the side wings of a ship called Plava, which stabilise the vessel during storms. Plava are considered to be the precursors of modern-day stabilisers.<a href="#cite_note-Early_History_of_Indian_Navy_-_IN-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, during his campaigns in India, built a harbour at the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Regio_Patalis" title="Regio Patalis">Patala</a>, which has been hyphothzied to be the present day city of <a href="/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta">Thatta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> His army retreated to <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> using ships built at <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>. In the period after his conquest, records show that the Emperor of <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a>, as a part of his war office, established an Admiralty Division. Many historians from ancient India recorded Indian trade relations. Indian trade reached <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. There were also references to the trade routes of countries in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> Ocean. India also had <a href="/wiki/Indo-Roman_trade_relations" title="Indo-Roman trade relations">trade relations</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>. At one instance Roman historian <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Gaius Plinius Secundus</a> mentioned Indian traders carrying away large masses of gold and silver from Rome, in payment for skins, precious stones, clothes, indigo, sandalwood, herbs, perfumes, and spices.<a href="#cite_note-Early_History_of_Indian_Navy_-_IN-12">[12]</a> During 5–10 AD, <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a> conquered Western Java, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malaya</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> served as an important halt point for trade ships en route to these nations and as well as China.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chola_Navy" title="Chola Navy">Chola Navy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asia_campaign_of_Rajendra_I" title="South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra I">South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra I</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rajendra_map_new.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rajendra_map_new.png/220px-Rajendra_map_new.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rajendra_map_new.png/330px-Rajendra_map_new.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rajendra_map_new.png/440px-Rajendra_map_new.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Chola territories during <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra Chola I</a>, c. 1030</figcaption></figure>Medieval Empires in the Indian subcontinent further developed their naval forces. During 844–848 AD the daily revenue from these nations was expected to be around 200 <a href="/wiki/Maund_(unit)" title="Maund (unit)">maunds</a> (8 tonnes (7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons)) of gold. During 984–1042 AD, under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Raja_Raja_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Raja Chola I">Raja Raja Chola I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra Chola I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kulothunga_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulothunga Chola I">Kulothunga Chola I</a>, a naval expedition by the <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a> captured parts of <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, Sumatra, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, and Malaya, and simultaneously repressed pirate activities by Sumatran <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlords</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Early_History_of_Indian_Navy_-_IN-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindlay200967-15">[15]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #E0E6F8;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #E0E6F8; color: Arial; font size="><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>'s remark on Indian ships (1292 AD)</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> ... built of fir timber, having a sheath of boards laid over the planking in every part, caulked with oakum and fastened with iron nails. The bottoms were smeared with a preparation of quicklime and hemp, pounded together and mixed with oil from a certain tree which is a better material than pith </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="#cite_note-Early_History_of_Indian_Navy_-_IN-12">[12]</a></cite> </div>. During the 14th and 15th centuries, Indian shipbuilding and maritime abilities skill set exceeded European capabilities at the time. Their ships could carry over a hundred crew and were compartmentalized to limit the effect of damage keeping the ship afloat.<a href="#cite_note-Early_History_of_Indian_Navy_-_IN-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline">edit</a>]</div> By the end of 15th century Indian naval power had started to decline, and had reached its low by the time the Portuguese entered India. Soon after they set foot in India, the Portuguese started to seize all Asian vessels not permitting their trade. Amidst this, in 1529, a naval war at <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay Harbour">Bombay Harbour</a> resulted in the surrender of <a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karanja,_Raigad" title="Karanja, Raigad">Karanja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bandora,_Goa" title="Bandora, Goa">Bandora</a>. By 1534, the Portuguese took complete control over <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Harbour" title="Mumbai Harbour">Bombay Harbour</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a> challenged the Portuguese trade when <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> refused to pay the customs levy as per the trade agreement. This resulted in two major naval wars, the first one—<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cochin_(1504)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cochin (1504)">Battle of Cochin</a>, was fought in 1504, and the second engagement happened four years later off <a href="/wiki/Diu,_India" title="Diu, India">Diu</a>. Both these wars exposed the weakness of Indian maritime power and simultaneously helped the Portuguese to gain mastery over the Indian waters.<a href="#cite_note-Early_History_of_Indian_Navy_-_IN-12">[12]</a> However, in 1526 the Zamorin launched the siege of Calicut on the Portuguese forts in <a href="/wiki/Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut">Calicut</a>, successfully eliminating Portuguese influence in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Mathew-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_revival">Later revival</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later revival">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Navy">Mughal Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha Navy</a></div> By the later seventeenth century Indian naval power revived. The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> maintained a significant naval fleet although it was the weakest branch of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Mughal_Empire" title="Army of the Mughal Empire">military</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avery_Chasing_the_Great_Mughal%27s_Ship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Avery_Chasing_the_Great_Mughal%27s_Ship.jpg/250px-Avery_Chasing_the_Great_Mughal%27s_Ship.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Avery_Chasing_the_Great_Mughal%27s_Ship.jpg/375px-Avery_Chasing_the_Great_Mughal%27s_Ship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Avery_Chasing_the_Great_Mughal%27s_Ship.jpg/500px-Avery_Chasing_the_Great_Mughal%27s_Ship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1748" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ganj-i-Sawai" title="Ganj-i-Sawai">Ganj-i-Sawai</a>, one of the largest trade ships in the 17th century.</figcaption></figure> Empress <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a> maintained large fleets of trade ships including the <a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī">Rahīmī</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ganj-i-Sawai" title="Ganj-i-Sawai">Ganj-i-Sawai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:15-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The Rahimi was the largest of the Indian ships trading in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a> After being sacked by pirates, this ship was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Ganj-i-Sawai" title="Ganj-i-Sawai">Ganj-i-Sawa</a>. This ship was eventually sacked by English Pirate <a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Navy mainly patrolled coastal areas. The navy was active in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hooghly" title="Siege of Hooghly">Siege of Hooghly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mughal_War_(1686%E2%80%931690)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Mughal War (1686–1690)">Anglo-Mughal War</a>. <a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="#cite_note-Unseen_Enemy_The_English,_Disease,_and_Medicine_in_Colonial_Bengal,_1617-1847-23">[23]</a> One of the best-documented naval campaign of the Mughal empire were provided during the <a href="/wiki/Shaista_Khan#Conquest_of_Chittagong" title="Shaista Khan">conflict against kingdom of Arakan</a>, where in December 1665, Aurangzeb dispatched <a href="/wiki/Shaista_Khan" title="Shaista Khan">Shaista Khan</a>, his governor of Bengal to command 288 vessels and more than 20,000 men to pacify the pirate activities within <a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan territory</a> and to capture <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Command_of_the_Coast:_The_Mughal_Navy_and_Regional_Strategy-24">[24]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27,_of_the_Bombay_Marine,_1812;_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Mahratta_pirates_attacking_the_sloop_%27Aurora%27%2C_of_the_Bombay_Marine%2C_1812%3B_end_of_the_action_RMG_BHC1085.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4867" data-file-height="2887" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of a <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha</a> naval attack in 1812 against the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>'s ship <a href="/wiki/HCS_Aurora_(1809)" title="HCS Aurora (1809)">Aurora</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Maratha Confederacy</a> had a significant <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">coastal navy</a>. The alliance of the <a href="/wiki/Mughals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughals">Moghuls</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Janjira_State" title="Janjira State">Sidis of Janjira</a> was marked as a major power on the west coast. On the southern front, the 1st Sovereign of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Kingdom">Maratha Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj</a>, started creating his own fleet. His fleet was commanded by notable admirals like Sidhoji Gujar and <a href="/wiki/Kanhoji_Angre" title="Kanhoji Angre">Kanhoji Angre</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha Navy</a> under the leadership of Angre kept the English, Dutch and Portuguese away from the Konkan coast. However, the Marathas witnessed remarkable decline in their naval capabilities following the death of Angre in 1729.<a href="#cite_note-Early_History_of_Indian_Navy_-_IN-12">[12]</a> The origins of the current Indian Navy date to 1612, when an English vessel under the command of Captain <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Best_(navy_captain)" title="Thomas Best (navy captain)">Thomas Best</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Swally" title="Battle of Swally">Battle of Swally</a>. Although the Portuguese were defeated, this incident along with the trouble caused by the pirates to the merchant vessels, forced the British to maintain fleet near <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a>, Gujarat. <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> (HEIC) formed a naval arm, and the first squadron of fighting ships reached the Gujarat coast on 5 September 1612. Their objective was to protect British merchant shipping off the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Cambay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Cambay">Gulf of Cambay</a> and up the <a href="/wiki/Narmada" class="mw-redirect" title="Narmada">Narmada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tapti" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapti">Tapti</a> rivers. As the HEIC continued to expand its rule and influence over different parts of India, the responsibility of Company's Marine increased too.<a href="#cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">[25]</a> Over time, the British predominantly operated from Bombay, and in 1686, the HEIC's naval arm was renamed the Bombay Marine. At times the Bombay Marine engaged Dutch, French, Maratha, and Sidi vessels. Much later, it was also involved in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="First Anglo-Burmese War">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> of 1824. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_India_Company_to_independence">East India Company to independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East India Company to independence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_(1612%E2%80%931950)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)">Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)</a></div>In 1834, the Bombay Marine became Her Majesty's Indian Navy. The Navy saw action in the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a> of 1840 and in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="Second Anglo-Burmese War">Second Anglo-Burmese War</a> in 1852. Due to some unrecorded reasons, the Navy's name reverted to the Bombay Marine from 1863 to 1877, after which it was named Her Majesty's Indian Marine. At that time, the Marine operated in two divisions—the Eastern Division at Calcutta under the Superintendent of Bay of Bengal, and the Western Division at Bombay Superintendent of Arabian Sea.<a href="#cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">[25]</a> In 1892 the Marine was renamed the Royal Indian Marine, and by the end of the 19th century it operated over fifty ships. The Marine participated in World War I with a fleet of patrol vessels, troop carriers, and minesweepers. In 1928, D. N. Mukherji was the first Indian to be granted a commission, in the rank of an Engineer <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</a>. Also in 1928, the RIM was accorded combatant status, which entitled it to be considered a true fighting force and to fly the <a href="/wiki/White_Ensign" title="White Ensign">White Ensign</a> of the Royal Navy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198645–46-26">[26]</a> In 1934, the Marine was upgraded to a full naval force, thus becoming the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">Royal Indian Navy (RIN)</a>, and was presented the King's colours in recognition of its services to the British Crown.<a href="#cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">[25]</a> During the early stages of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the tiny Royal Indian Navy consisted of five sloops, one survey vessel, one depot ship, one patrol vessel and numerous assorted small craft; personnel strength was at only 114 officers and 1,732 sailors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198632–33-27">[27]</a> The onset of war led to an expansion in numbers of vessels and personnel. By June 1940, the navy had doubled its number in terms of both personnel and material, and expanded nearly six times of its pre-war strength by 1942.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198634-28">[28]</a> The navy was actively involved in operations during the war around the world and was heavily involved in operations around the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, including convoy escorts, mine-sweeping and supply, as well as supporting amphibious assaults.<a href="#cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMIS_Bombay_(305827).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HMIS_Bombay_%28305827%29.jpg/220px-HMIS_Bombay_%28305827%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HMIS_Bombay_%28305827%29.jpg/330px-HMIS_Bombay_%28305827%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HMIS_Bombay_%28305827%29.jpg/440px-HMIS_Bombay_%28305827%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMIS_Bombay_(J249)" title="HMIS Bombay (J249)">HMIS Bombay</a> of Royal Indian Navy in Sydney Harbour during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></figcaption></figure> When hostilities ceased in August 1945, the Royal Indian Navy had expanded to a personnel strength of over 25,000 officers and sailors. Its fleet comprised seven sloops, four <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a>, fourteen <a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">minesweepers</a>, sixteen <a href="/wiki/Naval_trawler" title="Naval trawler">trawlers</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Depot_ship" title="Depot ship">depot ships</a>, thirty auxiliary vessels, one hundred and fifty landing craft, two hundred harbour craft and several offensive and defensive motor launches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198637-29">[29]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the Navy suffered two hundred and seventy five casualties—twenty seven officers, two warrant officers and 123 ratings killed in action, two ratings missing in action and a further 14 officers, two warrant officers and 123 ratings wounded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1986142–143-30">[30]</a> For their role in the war, the officers and ratings of the Navy received the following honours and decorations—a KBE (Mil.), a knighthood, a CB (Mil.), 10 CIEs, two DSOs, a CBE, 15 DSCs, an OBE, 28 DSMs, eight OBIs, two IOMs, 16 BEMs, 10 Indian Defence Service Medals, a Royal Humane Society Medal, 105 mentions in dispatches and 118 assorted commendations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1986142-31">[31]</a> Immediately after the war, the navy underwent a rapid, large-scale demobilisation of vessels and personnel. From the inception of India's naval force, some senior Indian politicians had voiced concerns about the degree of "Indianisation" of the Navy and its subordination to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> in all important aspects.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198646–47-32">[32]</a> On the eve of WWII, the RIN had no Indian senior line officers and only a single Indian senior engineer officer.<a href="#cite_note-The_Navy_List_39-33">[33]</a> Even by the war's end, the Navy remained a predominantly British-officered service; in 1945, no Indian officer held a rank above engineer commander and only a few Indian officers in the executive branch held substantive senior line officer rank.<a href="#cite_note-The_Navy_List_July45-34">[34]</a> This situation, coupled with inadequate levels of training and discipline, poor communication between officers and ratings, instances of racial discrimination and the ongoing trials of ex-<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a> personnel ignited the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Royal Indian Navy mutiny</a> by Indian ratings in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1986105–110-35">[35]</a> A total of 78 ships, 20 shore establishments and 20,000 sailors were involved in the strike, which spread over much of India. After the strike began, the sailors received encouragement and support from the Communist Party in India; unrest spread from the naval ships, and led to student and worker hartals in Bombay. The strike ultimately failed as the sailors did not receive substantial support from either the Indian Army or from political leaders in Congress or the Muslim League.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On 21 July 1947, <a href="/wiki/H.M.S._Choudhry" class="mw-redirect" title="H.M.S. Choudhry">H.M.S. Choudhry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhaskar_Sadashiv_Soman" title="Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman">Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman</a>, both of whom would eventually command the Pakistani and Indian Navies, respectively, became the first Indian RIN officers to attain the acting rank of captain.<a href="#cite_note-higher_rank-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_to_the_end_of_the_20th_century">Independence to the end of the 20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independence to the end of the 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1961_Indian_annexation_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="1961 Indian annexation of Goa">1961 Indian annexation of Goa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts</a></div> Following <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a> on 15 August 1947, the RIN's depleted fleet of ships and remaining personnel were divided between the newly independent <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a>. 21 per cent of the Navy's officer cadre and 47 per cent of its sailors opted to join the portion of the fleet which became the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Pakistan_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Pakistan Navy">Royal Pakistan Navy</a>. The Indian share of the Navy consisted of 32 vessels along with 11,000 personnel. Effective from the same date, all British officers were compulsorily retired from the Navy and its reserve components, with Indian officers being promoted to replace British senior officers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992240–241-38">[38]</a> However, a number of British flag and senior officers were invited to continue serving in the RIN,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992246-39">[39]</a> as only nine of the Navy's Indian commissioned officers had more than 10 years' service, with the majority of them only having served from five to eight years.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/John_Talbot_Savignac_Hall" title="John Talbot Savignac Hall">John Talbot Savignac Hall</a> headed the Navy as its first Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) post-Independence.<a href="#cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">[25]</a> In January 1948, D.N. Mukherji, the first Indian officer in the RIN, became the first Indian to be promoted acting engineer captain.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In May 1948, Captain <a href="/wiki/Ajitendu_Chakraverti" title="Ajitendu Chakraverti">Ajitendu Chakraverti</a> became the first Indian officer to be appointed to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Commodore_(India)" title="Commodore (India)">commodore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> When India became a republic on 26 January 1950, the Royal prefix was dropped and the name Indian Navy was officially adopted. The prefix for naval vessels was changed from His Majesty's Indian Ship (HMIS) to Indian Naval Ship (INS).<a href="#cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">[25]</a> At the same time, the imperial crown in insignia was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_of_Ashoka" title="Lion Capital of Ashoka">Lion Capital of Ashoka</a> and the Union Jack in the canton of the White Ensign was replaced with the Indian Tricolour.<a href="#cite_note-insignia-43">[43]</a> By 1955, the Navy had largely overcome its post-Independence personnel shortfalls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992240–241-38">[38]</a> During the early years following independence, many British officers continued to serve in the Navy on secondment from the Royal Navy, due to the post-Independence retirement or transfer of many experienced officers to the Royal or the Pakistan navies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992240–241-38">[38]</a> The first C-in-C of the Navy was Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Parry_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer)">Edward Parry</a> who took over from Hall in 1948 and handed over to Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pizey" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Pizey">Charles Thomas Mark Pizey</a> in 1951. Admiral Pizey also became the first Chief of the Naval Staff in 1955, and was succeeded by Vice Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hope_Carlill" title="Stephen Hope Carlill">Stephen Hope Carlill</a> the same year<a href="#cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">[25]</a> The pace of "Indianising" continued steadily through the 1950s. By 1952, senior Naval appointments had begun to be filled by Indian officers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992242-44">[44]</a> and by 1955, basic training for naval cadets was entirely conducted in India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992254-45">[45]</a> In 1956, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass_Katari" title="Ram Dass Katari">Ram Dass Katari</a> became the first Indian flag officer, and was appointed the first Indian Commander of the Fleet on 2 October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992250-46">[46]</a> On 22 April 1958, Vice Admiral Katari assumed the command of the Indian Navy from Carlill as the first Indian Chief of Staff of the Indian Navy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2009185-47">[47]</a> With the departure in 1962 of the last British officer on secondment to the Navy, Commodore David Kirke, the Chief of Naval Aviation, the Indian Navy finally became an entirely Indian service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1992243-48">[48]</a> The first engagement in action of the Indian Navy was against the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Goa">liberation of Goa</a> in 1961. Operation Vijay followed years of escalating tension due to Portuguese refusal to relinquish its <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">colonies</a> in India. On 21 November 1961, Portuguese troops fired on the passenger liner Sabarmati near <a href="/wiki/Anjadip_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjadip Island">Anjadip Island</a>, killing one person and injuring another.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> During Operation Vijay, the Indian Navy supported troop landings and provided fire support. The <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Delhi_(C74)" title="INS Delhi (C74)">INS Delhi</a> sank one Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">patrol boat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Goa_Operations_1961_-_IN_Off-50">[50]</a> while frigates <a href="/wiki/INS_Betwa_(F139)" title="INS Betwa (F139)">INS Betwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Beas_(F137)" title="INS Beas (F137)">INS Beas</a> destroyed the Portuguese frigate <a href="/wiki/NRP_Afonso_de_Albuquerque_(1934)" title="NRP Afonso de Albuquerque (1934)">NRP Afonso de Albuquerque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENavy2016174-51">[51]</a> The 1962 <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a> was largely fought over the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> and the Navy had only a defensive role in the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShah201589-52">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Kursura_(S20)_underway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/INS_Kursura_%28S20%29_underway.jpg/220px-INS_Kursura_%28S20%29_underway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/INS_Kursura_%28S20%29_underway.jpg/330px-INS_Kursura_%28S20%29_underway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/INS_Kursura_%28S20%29_underway.jpg/440px-INS_Kursura_%28S20%29_underway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/INS_Kursura_(S20)" title="INS Kursura (S20)">INS Kursura</a>, an Indian submarine which played a vital role in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971 Indo-Pak war</a></figcaption></figure> At the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a>, the Navy had one aircraft carrier, two cruisers, nineteen destroyers and frigates, and one tanker. Of these twenty-ships ten were under refit. The others were largely involved coastal patrols. During the war, the Pakistani Navy <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dwarka" title="Operation Dwarka">attacked the Indian coastal city of Dwarka</a>, although there were no military resources in the area. While this attack was insignificant, India deployed naval resources to patrol the coast and deter further bombardment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiranandani200033-53">[53]</a> Following these wars in the 1960s, India resolved to strengthen the profile and capabilities of its Armed Forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiranandani200040–41-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Vikrant_(R11)_with_a_Sea_King_helicopter_during_Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_with_a_Sea_King_helicopter_during_Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971.jpg/220px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_with_a_Sea_King_helicopter_during_Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_with_a_Sea_King_helicopter_during_Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971.jpg/330px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_with_a_Sea_King_helicopter_during_Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_with_a_Sea_King_helicopter_during_Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971.jpg/440px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_with_a_Sea_King_helicopter_during_Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>Aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">INS Vikrant</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>. The ship played a crucial role in enforcing the naval blockade on <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> and ensuring India's victory during the war.</figcaption></figure> The dramatic change in the Indian Navy's capabilities and stance was emphatically demonstrated during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>. Under the command of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sardarilal_Mathradas_Nanda" title="Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda">Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda</a>, the navy successfully enforced a <a href="/wiki/Naval_blockade" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval blockade">naval blockade</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiranandani2000111-55">[55]</a> Pakistan's lone long-range <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/PNS_Ghazi" title="PNS Ghazi">PNS Ghazi</a> was sunk following an attack by the <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Rotherham" title="HMS Rotherham">INS Rajput</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a> in the midnight of 3–4 December 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Maritime_Awareness_and_Pakistan_Navy_-_Defence_Journal-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiranandani2000142–143-57">[57]</a> On 4 December, the Indian Navy successfully executed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation Trident</a>, a devastating attack on the Pakistan Naval Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> that sank a minesweeper, a destroyer and an ammunition supply ship. The attack also irreparably damaged another destroyer and oil storage tanks at the Karachi port.<a href="#cite_note-1971_War:_The_First_Missile_Attack_on_Karachi-58">[58]</a> To commemorate this, 4 December is celebrated as the Navy Day.<a href="#cite_note-In_1971_Navy_Day-59">[59]</a> This was followed by <a href="/wiki/Operation_Python" title="Operation Python">Operation Python</a> on 8 December 1971, further deprecating the Pakistan Navy's capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-1971_War:_The_First_Missile_Attack_on_Karachi-58">[58]</a> Indian frigate <a href="/wiki/INS_Khukri_(F149)" title="INS Khukri (F149)">INS Khukri</a>, commanded by Captain M. N. Mulla was sunk by <a href="/wiki/PNS_Hangor_(S131)" title="PNS Hangor (S131)">PNS Hangor</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Blackwood-class_frigate" title="Blackwood-class frigate">INS Kirpan</a> was damaged on the west coast.<a href="#cite_note-The_sinking_of_INS_Kukhri-60">[60]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">INS Vikrant</a> was deployed to successfully enforce the <a href="/wiki/Naval_blockade" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval blockade">naval blockade</a> on East Pakistan. <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Sea_Hawk" title="Hawker Sea Hawk">Sea Hawk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Breguet_Aliz%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet Alizé">Alizé</a> aircraft from INS Vikrant sank numerous gunboats and Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">merchant marine</a> ships.<a href="#cite_note-un-report-61">[61]</a> To demonstrate its solidarity as an ally of Pakistan, the United States sent <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_74" title="Task Force 74">Task Force 74</a> centred around the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CVN-65)" title="USS Enterprise (CVN-65)">USS Enterprise</a> into the Bay of Bengal. In retaliation, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> submarines trailed the American task force, which moved away from the Indian Ocean towards Southeast Asia to avert a confrontation.<a href="#cite_note-COLD_WAR_GAMES_-_BRakshak-62">[62]</a> In the end, the Indian naval blockade of Pakistan choked off the supply of reinforcements to the Pakistani forces, which proved to be decisive in the overwhelming defeat of Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-A_leaf_from_history:_When_the_war_began-63">[63]</a> Since playing a decisive role in the victory, the navy has been a deterrent force maintaining peace for India in a region of turmoil. In 1983, the Indian Navy planned for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lal_Dora" title="Operation Lal Dora">Operation Lal Dora</a> to support the government of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> against a feared coup.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewster201468–69-64">[64]</a> In 1986, in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Flowers_are_Blooming" title="Operation Flowers are Blooming">Operation Flowers are Blooming</a>, the Indian Navy averted an attempted coup in the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrewster201458–62-65">[65]</a> In 1988, India launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus">Operation Cactus</a>, to successfully thwart a coup d'état by <a href="/wiki/PLOTE" class="mw-redirect" title="PLOTE">PLOTE</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>. Naval maritime reconnaissance aircraft detected the ship hijacked by PLOTE rebels. <a href="/wiki/INS_Godavari_(F20)" title="INS Godavari (F20)">INS Godavari</a> and Indian marine commandos recaptured the ship and arrested the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-Operation_Cactus_-_Bharat_Rakshak-66">[66]</a> During the 1999 <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>, the Western and Eastern fleets were deployed in the Northern Arabian Sea, as a part of <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War#Naval_action" title="Kargil War">Operation Talwar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India's_national_interest_had_been_made_coterminus_with_maritime_security-67">[67]</a> They safeguarded India's maritime assets from a potential Pakistani naval attack, and also deterred Pakistan from attempting to block India's sea-trade routes.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Indian Navy's aviators flew sorties and marine commandos fought alongside Indian Army personnel in the Himalayas.<a href="#cite_note-MOD_Report_Kargil_War-69">[69]</a> In October 1999, the Navy along with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> rescued <a href="/wiki/INS_Prahar_(K98)" title="INS Prahar (K98)">MV Alondra Rainbow</a>, a pirated Japanese cargo ship.<a href="#cite_note-Navy,_Coast_Guard_nab_pirates,_rescue_hijacked_merchant_vessel_off_Goa_coast-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century_onwards">21st century onwards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century onwards">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_(R33)_and_INS_Viraat_(R22)_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg/220px-Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg/330px-Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg/440px-Indian_Navy_flotilla_of_Western_Fleet_escort_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_and_INS_Viraat_%28R22%29_in_the_Arabian_Sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Indian Navy flotilla including aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/INS_Viraat" title="INS Viraat">INS Viraat</a> escorting <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS Vikramaditya</a> on its way home in 2014</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy_flood_relief_operations_in_the_aftermath_of_floods_and_landslides_in_Sri_Lanka,_May_2017_(07).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Indian_Navy_flood_relief_operations_in_the_aftermath_of_floods_and_landslides_in_Sri_Lanka%2C_May_2017_%2807%29.jpg/220px-Indian_Navy_flood_relief_operations_in_the_aftermath_of_floods_and_landslides_in_Sri_Lanka%2C_May_2017_%2807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Indian_Navy_flood_relief_operations_in_the_aftermath_of_floods_and_landslides_in_Sri_Lanka%2C_May_2017_%2807%29.jpg/330px-Indian_Navy_flood_relief_operations_in_the_aftermath_of_floods_and_landslides_in_Sri_Lanka%2C_May_2017_%2807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Indian_Navy_flood_relief_operations_in_the_aftermath_of_floods_and_landslides_in_Sri_Lanka%2C_May_2017_%2807%29.jpg/440px-Indian_Navy_flood_relief_operations_in_the_aftermath_of_floods_and_landslides_in_Sri_Lanka%2C_May_2017_%2807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Indian Navy flood relief operations in the aftermath of floods and landslides in Sri Lanka</figcaption></figure> In the 21st century, the Indian Navy has played an important role in maintaining peace for India on the maritime front, in spite of the state of foment in its neighbourhood. It has been deployed for humanitarian relief in times of natural disasters and crises across the globe, as well as to keep India's maritime trade routes free and open.<a href="#cite_note-in-vision-71">[71]</a> The Indian Navy was a part of the joint forces exercises, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Parakram" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Parakram">Operation Parakram</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%932002_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" title="2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff">2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff</a>. More than a dozen warships were deployed to the northern <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Naval_Diplomacy:_Indian_Initiatives_-_BRakshak-72">[72]</a> In October, the Indian Navy took over operations to secure the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>, to relieve <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a> resources for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-President_Discusses_Strong_U.S.-India_Partnership_in_New_Delhi-73">[73]</a> The navy plays an important role in providing humanitarian relief in times of natural disasters, including floods, cyclones and tsunamis. In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami</a>, the Indian Navy launched massive disaster relief operations to help affected Indian states as well as <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Over 27 ships, dozens of helicopters, at least six fixed-wing aircraft and over 5000 personnel of the navy were deployed in relief operations.<a href="#cite_note-Tsunami_diplomacy_improves_India's_global_image_-_EI-74">[74]</a> These included <a href="/wiki/Operation_Madad_(Indian_Navy)" title="Operation Madad (Indian Navy)">Operation Madad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Waves" title="Operation Sea Waves">Operation Sea Waves</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a>, Operation Castor in Maldives, Operation Rainbow in Sri Lanka and Operation Gambhir in Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Naval_Diplomacy:_Post_Tsunami_-_ICPS-75">[75]</a> Gambhir, carried out following the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 Indian Ocean tsunami</a>, was one of the largest and fastest force mobilisations that the Indian Navy has undertaken. Indian naval rescue vessels and teams reached neighbouring countries less than 12 hours from the time that the tsunami hit.<a href="#cite_note-India_is_projecting_its_military_power_IHT-76">[76]</a> Lessons from the response led to decision to enhance amphibious force capabilities, including the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Landing_platform_dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing platform dock">landing platform docks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/INS_Jalashwa_(L41)" title="INS Jalashwa (L41)">INS Jalashwa</a>, as well as smaller amphibious vessels.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Jalashwa_joins_Eastern_Fleet-77">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TROPEX_2014_-_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TROPEX_2014_-_05.JPG/220px-TROPEX_2014_-_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TROPEX_2014_-_05.JPG/330px-TROPEX_2014_-_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TROPEX_2014_-_05.JPG/440px-TROPEX_2014_-_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>From top to bottom: <a href="/wiki/INS_Ranjit_(D53)" title="INS Ranjit (D53)">INS Ranjit</a>, <a href="/wiki/INS_Jyoti_(A58)" title="INS Jyoti (A58)">INS Jyoti</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Mysore_(D60)" title="INS Mysore (D60)">INS Mysore</a></figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict">2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict</a>, the Indian Navy launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sukoon" title="Operation Sukoon">Operation Sukoon</a> and evacuated 2,280 persons from 20 to 29 July 2006 including 436 Sri Lankans, 69 Nepalese and 7 Lebanese nationals from war-torn Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-Operation_Sukoon_for_the_evacuation_of_Indian_Nationals_from_Lebanon_-_PIB-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-'Op_SUKOON'_–_Making_'Sweet_Music'_:_24_July_2006-79">[79]</a> In 2006, Indian naval doctors served for 102 days on board <a href="/wiki/USNS_Mercy" title="USNS Mercy">USNS Mercy</a> to conduct medical camps in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, Bangladesh, Indonesia and <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_Doctors_Serve_on_U.S._Navy_Hospital_Ship_Mercy's_Aid_Mission_in_South_and_Southeast_Asia-80">[80]</a> In 2007, Indian Navy supported relief operations for the survivors of <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Sidr" title="Cyclone Sidr">Cyclone Sidr</a> in Bangladesh.<a href="#cite_note-India_sends_rice_for_Bangladesh_storm_victims-81">[81]</a> In 2008, Indian Naval vessels were the first to launch international relief operations for victims of <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Nargis" title="Cyclone Nargis">Cyclone Nargis</a> in Myanmar.<a href="#cite_note-India_–_Myanmar_Relations_-_MEA-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-India's_assistance_to_Myanmar_must_reflect_its_regional_role_-_RW-83">[83]</a> In 2008, the navy deployed <a href="/wiki/INS_Tabar" title="INS Tabar">INS Tabar</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Mysore_(D60)" title="INS Mysore (D60)">INS Mysore</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a> to combat <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in Somalia">piracy in Somalia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India_'to_step_up_piracy_battle'-84">[84]</a> Tabar prevented numerous piracy attempts, and escorted hundreds of ships safely through the pirate-infested waters.<a href="#cite_note-India_'sinks_Somali_pirate_ship'-85">[85]</a> The navy also undertook anti-piracy patrols near the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>, upon that country's request.<a href="#cite_note-Navy_responds_to_SOS_from_Seychelles-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_in_2010-87">[87]</a> In February 2011, the Indian Navy launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Safe_Homecoming" title="Operation Safe Homecoming">Operation Safe Homecoming</a> and rescued Indian nationals from war torn Libya.<a href="#cite_note-Naval_ships_to_bail_out_Indians_stranded_in_Libya-88">[88]</a> Between January–March, the navy launched Operation Island Watch to deter piracy attempts by Somali pirates off the <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> archipelago. This operation has had numerous successes in preventing pirate attacks.<a href="#cite_note-Pirate_Mother_Ship_Prantalay_Sinks_off_Lakshadweep_during_Anti_Piracy_Operations_by_India-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_captures_61_pirates,_rescues_13_sailors-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-India_pushes_back_on_Somali_pirates'_new_'mother_ship'_offensive-91">[91]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">2015 crisis in Yemen</a>, the Indian Navy was part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Raahat (India)">Operation Raahat</a> and rescued 3074 individuals of which 1291 were foreign nationals.<a href="#cite_note-The_great_Yemen_escape:_Operation_Rahat_by_numbers-92">[92]</a> On 15 April 2016, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Poseidon-8I</a> long-range patrol aircraft managed to thwart a piracy attack on the high seas by flying over MV Sezai Selaha, a merchant vessel, which was being targeted by a pirate mother ship and two skiffs around 800 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (1,500 km; 920 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Navy_plane_thwarts_piracy_bid_in_Arabian_Sea-93">[93]</a> India enacted its first domestic anti-piracy legislation as the Maritime Anti-Piracy Act 2022, on 20 December 2022 criminalizing maritime piracy and empowering the Indian Navy and other government agencies with the authority to respond to threats at sea.<a href="#cite_note-auto-94">[94]</a> In 2024, Chief Admiral <a href="/wiki/R._Hari_Kumar" title="R. Hari Kumar">R. Hari Kumar</a> referred to the new law as a "great enabler" in the navy's anti-piracy success.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> That year, <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a> referred to the Indian Navy's commitment in combating maritime piracy as "unwavering".<a href="#cite_note-auto-94">[94]</a> In January 2024, the Indian Navy deployed over 10 warships under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sankalp" title="Operation Sankalp">Operation Sankalp</a> to protect commercial shipping in the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Houthi_involvement_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi involvement in the Israel–Hamas war">Houthi-led attacks</a> on merchant vessels. Some of the ships deployed included guided missile destroyers like the <a href="/wiki/INS_Kolkata" title="INS Kolkata">INS Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/INS_Kochi" title="INS Kochi">INS Kochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/INS_Chennai" title="INS Chennai">INS Chennai</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Mormugao_(D67)" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Mormugao (D67)">INS Mormugao</a>, as well as frigates like the <a href="/wiki/INS_Talwar_(F40)" title="INS Talwar (F40)">INS Talwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Tarkash" title="INS Tarkash">INS Tarkash</a>. On 5 January, the INS Chennai prevented the hijacking of the Liberian merchant vessel MV Lila Norfolk. Although India declined to join the multinational US-led <a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a>, the Indian Navy continued to share information and coordinate operations with the United States, United Kingdom, and France.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In May 2024, the Navy officially replaced the terms "Jack" and "Jackstaff" with "National Flag" and "National Flag Staff". The words Jack and Jackstaff originates from the Royal Navy's traditions which implies for national flag and the short pole on the bow of the ship to host the flag in 'naval parlance', respectively.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_role">Current role</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current role">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy_mission_deployed_in_North,_Central_Arabian_Sea_and_Gulf_of_Aden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Indian_Navy_mission_deployed_in_North%2C_Central_Arabian_Sea_and_Gulf_of_Aden.jpg/220px-Indian_Navy_mission_deployed_in_North%2C_Central_Arabian_Sea_and_Gulf_of_Aden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Indian_Navy_mission_deployed_in_North%2C_Central_Arabian_Sea_and_Gulf_of_Aden.jpg/330px-Indian_Navy_mission_deployed_in_North%2C_Central_Arabian_Sea_and_Gulf_of_Aden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Indian_Navy_mission_deployed_in_North%2C_Central_Arabian_Sea_and_Gulf_of_Aden.jpg/440px-Indian_Navy_mission_deployed_in_North%2C_Central_Arabian_Sea_and_Gulf_of_Aden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Indian Navy mission deployed in the North/Central Arabian sea and Gulf of Aden following <a href="/wiki/2023_attack_on_the_Chem_Pluto" title="2023 attack on the Chem Pluto">attack on tanker Chem Pluto</a></figcaption></figure> As of August 2015, the Indian Navy is classified as a Rank 3 navy (Power projection to regions adjacent to its own) on the <a href="/wiki/Todd-Lindberg_navy_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Todd-Lindberg navy classification system">Todd-Lindberg navy classification system</a> of naval strength.<a href="#cite_note-Bratton-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kirchberger2-99">[99]</a> The principal roles of the Indian Navy are:<a href="#cite_note-Shaping_India's_Maritime_Strategy_-_Opportunities_and_Challenges-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vision_of_the_Indian_Navy-101">[101]</a> <ul><li>In conjunction with other Armed Forces of the Union, act to deter or defeat any threats or aggression against the territory, people or maritime interests of India, both in war and peace;</li> <li>Project influence in India's maritime area of interest, to further the nation's political, <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">economic</a> and security objectives;</li> <li>In co-operation with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a>, ensure good order and stability in India's maritime zones of responsibility.</li> <li>Provide maritime assistance (including disaster relief) in India's maritime neighbourhood.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Command_and_organisation">Command and organisation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Command and organisation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisation">Organisation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Organisation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Divisions_at_INA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Divisions_at_INA.jpg/220px-Divisions_at_INA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Divisions_at_INA.jpg/330px-Divisions_at_INA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Divisions_at_INA.jpg/440px-Divisions_at_INA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guard_of_honour" title="Guard of honour">Guard of honour</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">INA</a>, 2012.</figcaption></figure> While the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> serves as the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces, the organisational structure of the Indian Navy is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Staff_of_the_Indian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy">Chief of Naval Staff</a> (CNS), who holds the rank of <a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Organisation_Of_Indian_Navy-102">[102]</a> While the provision for the rank of <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral of the Fleet">Admiral of the Fleet</a> exists, no officer of the Indian Navy has yet been conferred this rank.<a href="#cite_note-Did_You_Know_That_Only_3_People_Have_Been_Given_The_Highest_Ranks_In_The_Indian_Armed_Forces?-103">[103]</a> The CNS is assisted by the Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS), a <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral_(India)" title="Vice admiral (India)">Vice Admiral</a>; the CNS also heads the Integrated Headquarters (IHQ) of the Ministry of Defence (Navy), based in New Delhi. The Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (DCNS), a vice-admiral, is a Principal Staff Officer (PSO), along with the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Personnel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Personnel (India)">Chief of Personnel</a> (COP) and the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Materiel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Materiel (India)">Chief of Materiel</a> (COM), both of whom are also vice-admirals.<a href="#cite_note-Organisation_Of_Indian_Navy-102">[102]</a> The Director General Medical Services (Navy) is a Surgeon Vice-Admiral, heads the medical services of the Indian Navy.<a href="#cite_note-Director_Generals_-_IN_Official-104">[104]</a> The Indian Navy operates two operational <a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">commands</a> and one training command. Each command is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Officer">Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief</a> (FOC-in-C) of the rank of <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral_(India)" title="Vice admiral (India)">Vice Admiral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Commands_-_IN_Official-105">[105]</a> The Eastern and Western commands each have a Fleet commanded by a <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)" title="Rear admiral (India)">Rear Admiral</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Fleet_(India)" title="Western Fleet (India)">Western Fleet</a> based at <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> is commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Western_Fleet" title="Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet">Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet</a> (FOCWF) and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Fleet_(India)" title="Eastern Fleet (India)">Eastern Fleet</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>, is commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Eastern_Fleet" title="Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet">Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet</a> (FOCEF). Apart from the two fleets, there is a Flotilla each, based at Mumbai, Visakhapatnam and Port Blair, that provide Local Naval Defence in their respective regions.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The Eastern and Western commands each also have a Commodore commanding submarines (COMCOS) - the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Commanding_Submarines_(East)" title="Commodore Commanding Submarines (East)">Commodore Commanding Submarines (East)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Commanding_Submarines_(West)" title="Commodore Commanding Submarines (West)">Commodore Commanding Submarines (West)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WNC_Mumbai_Organisation_{{!}}_Indian_Navy-107">[107]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Submarines_(India)" title="Flag Officer Submarines (India)">Flag Officer Submarines</a>, the single-point class authority for submarines is based at the Eastern Naval Command. The Southern Naval Command is home to the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Sea_Training_(India)" title="Flag Officer Sea Training (India)">Flag Officer Sea Training</a> (FOST).<a href="#cite_note-Flag_Officer_Sea_Training_(FOST)-108">[108]</a> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> is a unified Indian Navy, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a> <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theater command</a> based at the capital, <a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ANDAMAN_AND_NICOBAR_COMMAND-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command">Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> (CINCAN) receives staff support from, and reports directly to the Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) in New Delhi. The Command was set up in the <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-INDIA'S_HIGHER_DEFENCE_ORGANIZATION:_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_NATIONAL_SECURITY_AND_JOINTNESS-110">[110]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>At Integrated Headquarters-Ministry of Defence (Navy) level<a href="#cite_note-Organisation_Of_Indian_Navy-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#cccccc"> <th scope="col" style="width: 200px;">Post </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 50px;">Location </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 325px;">Current Holder </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">New Delhi </td> <td>Admiral <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_K_Tripathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh K Tripathi">Dinesh K Tripathi</a>, PVSM, AVSM, NM<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Naval Staff</a> </td> <td>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Swaminathan" title="Krishna Swaminathan">Krishna Swaminathan</a>, AVSM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff</a></td> <td>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Tarun_Sobti" title="Tarun Sobti">Tarun Sobti</a>, AVSM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-DCNS-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Personnel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Personnel (India)">Chief of Personnel</a></td> <td>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Bhalla" title="Sanjay Bhalla">Sanjay Bhalla</a>, AVSM, NM<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Materiel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Materiel (India)">Chief of Materiel</a></td> <td>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Kiran_Deshmukh" title="Kiran Deshmukh">Kiran Deshmukh</a>, AVSM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> </td> </tr></tbody><caption>At operational command level<a href="#cite_note-Organisation_Of_Indian_Navy-102">[102]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr><th style="background:#ccc;">Commands </th> <th style="background:#ccc;">HQ Location </th> <th style="background:#ccc;">Current FOC-in-C </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></td> <td>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Jasjit_Singh" title="Sanjay Jasjit Singh">Sanjay Jasjit Singh</a>, AVSM, NM<a href="#cite_note-PIB-030124-118">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></td> <td>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Pendharkar" title="Rajesh Pendharkar">Rajesh Pendharkar</a>, AVSM, VSM<a href="#cite_note-PIB-010823-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></td> <td>Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Vennam_Srinivas" title="Vennam Srinivas">Vennam Srinivas</a>, AVSM, NM<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Facilities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Navy_bases" title="List of Indian Navy bases">List of Indian Navy bases</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nalanda_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nalanda_complex.jpg/220px-Nalanda_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nalanda_complex.jpg/330px-Nalanda_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Nalanda_complex.jpg/440px-Nalanda_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a> Complex of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a>, the largest Naval training facility in Asia.</figcaption></figure> Indian Navy has its operational and training bases in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a>. These bases are intended for various purposes such as logistics and maintenance support, ammunition support, air stations, hospitals, <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">MARCOS</a> bases, coastal defence, missile defence, submarine and missile boat bases, forward operating bases etc.<a href="#cite_note-WNC_Authorities_&_Units-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eastern_Naval_Command_Authorities_&_Units-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Southern_Naval_Command_Authorities_&_Units-123">[123]</a> Of these, <a href="/wiki/INS_Shivaji" title="INS Shivaji">INS Shivaji</a> is one of the oldest naval bases in India. Commissioned in February 1945 as HMIS Shivaji, it now serves as the premier Technical Training Establishment (TTE) of the Indian Navy.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Shivaji_-_IN_Official-124">[124]</a> In May 2005, the Indian Navy commissioned <a href="/wiki/INS_Kadamba" title="INS Kadamba">INS Kadamba</a> at <a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a>, 100 kilometres (62 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Kadamba_-_Navy_Official-125">[125]</a> Built under the first phase of the <a href="/wiki/Project_Seabird" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Seabird">Project Seabird</a>, at first it was an exclusively Navy controlled base without sharing port facilities with commercial shipping.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Kadamba_commissioned_-_The_Hindu-126">[126]</a> The Indian Navy also has berthing rights in Oman and Vietnam.<a href="#cite_note-Overseas_Military_Bases_of_a_budding_Super_Power_-_India-127">[127]</a> The Navy operates a monitoring station, fitted with radars and surveillance gear to intercept maritime communication, in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. It also plans to build a further 32 radar stations in Seychelles, Mauritius, Maldives and Sri Lanka.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> According to Intelligence Online, published by a France-based global intelligence gathering organisation, Indigo Publications, the Navy is believed to be operating a listening post in <a href="/wiki/Ras_al_Hadd" title="Ras al Hadd">Ras al-Hadd</a>, Oman. The post is located directly across from <a href="/wiki/Gwadar_Port" title="Gwadar Port">Gwadar Port</a> in <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a>, Pakistan, separated by approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) of the Arabian Sea.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Listening_Station_In_Oman_Monitoring_Pakistan's_Naval_Communications_[RUMINT]-129">[129]</a> The navy operates <a href="/wiki/INS_Kattabomman" title="INS Kattabomman">INS Kattabomman</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Very_low_frequency" title="Very low frequency">VLF</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency" title="Extremely low frequency">ELF</a> transmission facility at Vijayanarayanapuram near <a href="/wiki/Tirunelveli" title="Tirunelveli">Tirunelveli</a> in Tamil Nadu.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Kattabomman-130">[130]</a> INS Abhimanyu and <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">INS Karna</a> are two bases dedicated for <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">MARCOS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Abhimanyu-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-Admiral_Lanba_commissions_Marine_Commandos_unit_'INS_Karna'-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Varsha" title="INS Varsha">Project Varsha</a> is a highly classified project undertaken by the Navy to construct a hi-tech base under the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a>. The base is said to house nuclear submarines and also a VLF facility.<a href="#cite_note-How_India's_pride_INS_Arihant_was_built-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-India_readies_hi-tech_naval_base_to_keep_eye_on_China-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Training">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military academies in India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Indian_Navy-03.jpg/220px-Indian_Navy-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Indian_Navy-03.jpg/330px-Indian_Navy-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Indian_Navy-03.jpg/440px-Indian_Navy-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Indian Navy personnel issued with <a href="/wiki/Navy_Working_Uniform#Design" title="Navy Working Uniform">NWU Type-1 camo</a> replacing previous "No. 10" uniform</figcaption></figure> Indian Navy has a specialized training command which is responsible for organisation, conduct and overseeing of all basic, professional and specialist training throughout the Navy. The Commander in Chief of Southern Command also serves as the Commander in Chief of Training Command. The Chief of Personnel (CoP) at HQ of Indian Navy is responsible for the framework of training and exercises the responsibility through Directorate of Naval Training (DNT).<a href="#cite_note-The_Training_Command-135">[135]</a> The training year of Indian Navy is defined from 1 July to 30 June of the following year.<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Training-136">[136]</a> Seaman training is held at <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Navy_bases" title="List of Indian Navy bases">INS Chilika</a>, Orissa. Officer training is conducted at <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a> (INA) at <a href="/wiki/Ezhimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezhimala">Ezhimala</a>, on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. Established in 2009, it is the largest naval academy in Asia. Cadets from <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a> also move to INA for their later terms.<a href="#cite_note-History_Of_INA-137">[137]</a> The Navy also has specialized training establishments for gunnery, aviation, leadership, logistics, music, medicine, physical training, educational training, engineering, hydrography, submarines etc. at several naval bases<a href="#cite_note-Training_Establishments-138">[138]</a> along the coastline of India.<a href="#cite_note-Geographical_Location_of_Academies-139">[139]</a> Naval officers also attend the tri-service institutions <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College_(India)" title="National Defence College (India)">National Defence College</a>, <a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a> for various staff courses to higher command and staff appointments. The Navy's <a href="/wiki/War_college" title="War college">War college</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa" title="Naval War College, Goa">Naval War College, Goa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Training_Command-135">[135]</a> A dedicated wing for naval architecture under Directorate of Naval Architecture at <a href="/wiki/IIT_Delhi" title="IIT Delhi">IIT Delhi</a> is operated by the Navy.<a href="#cite_note-Naval_Construction_Wing_(NCW)-140">[140]</a> Indian Navy also trains officers and men from the navies of friendly foreign countries.<a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Training-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_structure">Rank structure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rank structure">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Naval ranks and insignia of India</a></div> As of 1 July 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Navy has 10,393 officers and 56,835 sailors against a sanctioned strength of 11,827 officers and 71,656 sailors.<a href="#cite_note-:1-141">[141]</a> This is inclusive of naval aviation, marine commandos and <a href="/wiki/Sagar_Prahari_Bal" title="Sagar Prahari Bal">Sagar Prahari Bal</a> personnel.<a href="#cite_note-Strength_of_Manpower_-_PIB-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Officers">Officers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Officers">edit</a>]</div> India uses the <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">Midshipman</a> rank in its navy, and all future officers carry the rank upon entering the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a>. They are commissioned <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenants</a> upon finishing their course of study.<a href="#cite_note-Rank,_rating_and_promotion-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_-_Rank_and_Ratings-144">[144]</a> While the provision for the rank of <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral of the Fleet">Admiral of the Fleet</a> exists, it is primarily intended for major wartime use and honour. No officer of the Indian Navy has yet been conferred this rank. Both the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a> have had officers who have been conferred with the equivalent rank – <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal (India)">Field Marshals</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kodandera_Madappa_Cariappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodandera Madappa Cariappa">Cariappa</a> of the Army and <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Air_Force#India" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of the Air Force">Marshal of the Indian Air Force (MIAF)</a> <a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Did_You_Know_That_Only_3_People_Have_Been_Given_The_Highest_Ranks_In_The_Indian_Armed_Forces?-103">[103]</a> The highest ranked naval officer in organisation structure is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of Naval Staff</a>, who holds the rank of admiral.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_-_Rank_and_Ratings-144">[144]</a> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:90%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" 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data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a> एडमिरल </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral_(India)" title="Vice admiral (India)">Vice admiral</a> वाइस एडमिरल </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)" title="Rear admiral (India)">Rear admiral</a> रियर एडमिरल </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(India)" title="Commodore (India)">Commodore</a> कमोडोर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Indian_Navy)" title="Captain (Indian Navy)">Captain</a> कैप्टन </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a> कमांडर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a> लेफ़्टिनेंट कमांडर </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a> लेफ्टिनेंट </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">Sub-lieutenant</a> सब लेफ्टिनेंट </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">Midshipman</a> मिडशिपमैन </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rating_personnel">Rating personnel</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rating personnel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_rating" title="Naval rating">Naval rating</a></div> In the Indian Navy, the sailors are initially listed as, Seaman 2nd class. As they grow through the ranks they attain the highest rank of enlisted personnel, Master chief petty officer 1st class. Sailors who possess leadership qualities and fulfill requisite conditions in terms of education, age etc. may be commissioned through Commission worthy and Special Duties (CW & SD) scheme.<a href="#cite_note-Rank,_rating_and_promotion-143">[143]</a> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc;"> <th>Rank group</th> <th colspan="10">Junior commissioned officers</th> <th colspan="16">Non commissioned officer</th> <th colspan="10">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OR/India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:India-Navy-OR-9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India-Navy-OR-9.svg/50px-India-Navy-OR-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India-Navy-OR-9.svg/75px-India-Navy-OR-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India-Navy-OR-9.svg/100px-India-Navy-OR-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="508" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:India-Navy-OR-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/India-Navy-OR-8.svg/50px-India-Navy-OR-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/India-Navy-OR-8.svg/75px-India-Navy-OR-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/India-Navy-OR-8.svg/100px-India-Navy-OR-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="508" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:India-Navy-OR-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/India-Navy-OR-7.svg/50px-India-Navy-OR-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/India-Navy-OR-7.svg/75px-India-Navy-OR-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/India-Navy-OR-7.svg/100px-India-Navy-OR-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="508" /></a> </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/File:PO_Indian_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PO_Indian_Navy.svg/50px-PO_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PO_Indian_Navy.svg/75px-PO_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PO_Indian_Navy.svg/100px-PO_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="117" /></a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Leading_Seaman_Indian_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Leading_Seaman_Indian_Navy.svg/50px-Leading_Seaman_Indian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Leading_Seaman_Indian_Navy.svg/75px-Leading_Seaman_Indian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Leading_Seaman_Indian_Navy.svg/100px-Leading_Seaman_Indian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="117" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="8">No insignia<hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Master_chief_petty_officer" title="Master chief petty officer">Master chief petty officer I</a> मास्टर चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर फर्स्ट क्लास </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Master_chief_petty_officer" title="Master chief petty officer">Master chief petty officer II</a> मास्टर चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर सेकेंड क्लास </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chief_petty_officer" title="Chief petty officer">Chief petty officer</a> चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">Petty officer</a> पेटी ऑफिसर </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Leading_Seaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading Seaman">Leading Seaman</a> लीडिंग सीमैन </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_seaman" title="Ordinary seaman">Seaman Ist class</a> सीमैन फर्स्ट क्लास </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_seaman" title="Ordinary seaman">Seaman IInd class</a> सीमैन सेकंड क्लास </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navy_MCPO">Navy MCPO</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Navy MCPO">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Navy_Master_Chief_Petty_Officer" title="Navy Master Chief Petty Officer">Navy Master Chief Petty Officer</a></div> Indian Navy has appointed Rajendra Kumar Behera MCPO I as the first Navy MCPO on 1 May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_Air_Arm">Naval Air Arm</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Naval Air Arm">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Air_Arm" title="Indian Naval Air Arm">Indian Naval Air Arm</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deployment_of_P-81_to_Seychelles_for_EEZ_Surveillance_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Deployment_of_P-81_to_Seychelles_for_EEZ_Surveillance_%281%29.JPG/220px-Deployment_of_P-81_to_Seychelles_for_EEZ_Surveillance_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Deployment_of_P-81_to_Seychelles_for_EEZ_Surveillance_%281%29.JPG/330px-Deployment_of_P-81_to_Seychelles_for_EEZ_Surveillance_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Deployment_of_P-81_to_Seychelles_for_EEZ_Surveillance_%281%29.JPG/440px-Deployment_of_P-81_to_Seychelles_for_EEZ_Surveillance_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Indian Navy <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">P-8I Neptune</a> aircraft deployed in Seychelles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Indian_Navy_MIG-29K_Fulcrum_flies_over_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Nimitz_(CVN_68)_during_Exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/An_Indian_Navy_MIG-29K_Fulcrum_flies_over_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Nimitz_%28CVN_68%29_during_Exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg/220px-An_Indian_Navy_MIG-29K_Fulcrum_flies_over_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Nimitz_%28CVN_68%29_during_Exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/An_Indian_Navy_MIG-29K_Fulcrum_flies_over_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Nimitz_%28CVN_68%29_during_Exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg/330px-An_Indian_Navy_MIG-29K_Fulcrum_flies_over_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Nimitz_%28CVN_68%29_during_Exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/An_Indian_Navy_MIG-29K_Fulcrum_flies_over_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Nimitz_%28CVN_68%29_during_Exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg/440px-An_Indian_Navy_MIG-29K_Fulcrum_flies_over_the_aircraft_carrier_USS_Nimitz_%28CVN_68%29_during_Exercise_Malabar_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4196" data-file-height="2997" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K" title="Mikoyan MiG-29K">MiG-29K</a> operates from <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS Vikramaditya</a></figcaption></figure> The naval air-arm of the Indian Navy currently operates twenty-one <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">air squadrons</a>. Of these, ten operate fixed-wing aircraft, eight are helicopter squadrons and the remaining three are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> (UAV). Building on the legacy inherited from the Royal Navy prior to Indian independence, the concept of <a href="/wiki/Naval_aviation" title="Naval aviation">naval aviation</a> in India started with the establishment of Directorate of Naval Aviation at Naval Headquarters (NHQ) in early 1948. Later that year officers and sailors from the Indian Navy were sent to Britain for <a href="/wiki/Pilot_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot training">pilot training</a>. In 1951, the Fleet Requirement Unit (FRU) was formed to meet the aviation requirements of the navy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiranandani2000262-148">[148]</a> On 1 January 1953, the charge of <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a> airfield was handed over to the navy from the <a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)">Directorate General of Civil Aviation</a>. On 11 March, the FRU was commissioned at Cochin with ten newly acquired <a href="/wiki/Short_Sealand" title="Short Sealand">Sealand</a> aircraft. The navy's first air station, <a href="/wiki/INS_Garuda" title="INS Garuda">INS Garuda</a>, was commissioned two months later. From February 1955 to December 1958, ten <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">Firefly</a> aircraft were acquired. To meet the training requirements of the pilots, the indigenously developed <a href="/wiki/HAL_HT-2" title="HAL HT-2">HAL HT-2</a> trainer was inducted into the FRU. On 17 January 1959, the FRU was commissioned as <a href="/wiki/INAS_550" title="INAS 550">Indian Naval Air Squadron (INAS) 550</a>, to be the first Indian naval air squadron.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiranandani2000262-148">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HAL_Dhruv_during_special_operation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HAL_Dhruv_during_special_operation.jpg/220px-HAL_Dhruv_during_special_operation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HAL_Dhruv_during_special_operation.jpg/330px-HAL_Dhruv_during_special_operation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/HAL_Dhruv_during_special_operation.jpg/440px-HAL_Dhruv_during_special_operation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv</a> during special operation</figcaption></figure> Currently the air arm operates an aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS Vikramaditya</a> with ability to carry over thirty aircraft including MiG 29K, Kamov 31, Kamov 28, Sea King and domestic-built HAL-Dhruv and Chetak helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-Antony_to_commission_MIG-29_K_fighters_into_Navy-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-About_INS_Vikramaditya_-_The_newest_&_largest_ship_of_Indian_Navy-150">[150]</a> The Kamov-31 choppers also provide the <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne early warning">airborne early warning</a> cover for the fleet.<a href="#cite_note-Kamov_Ka-31_Helix_Airborne_Early_Warning_Helicopter-151">[151]</a> In the anti-submarine role, the <a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Sea King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka-28" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka-28">Ka-28</a>, and the domestic built <a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv</a> are used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiranandani200588–89-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Advanced_Light_Helicopter_(ALH-_DHRUV)_-_HAL-153">[153]</a> The <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">MARCOS</a> also use Sea King and HAL Dhruv helicopters while conducting operations. Maritime patrol and reconnaissance operations are carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Boeing P-8 Poseidon</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_to_induct_24_Long_Range_Maritime_Reconnaissance_Aircraft-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_gets_its_most_sophisticated_system_yet_in_P8-I_Maritime_Aircraft-155">[155]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-38" title="Ilyushin Il-38">Ilyushin 38</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ilyushin_ll-38_May_'the_Russian_Orion-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-INAS_312_–_The_Albatross-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-INAS_315_–_The_Winged_Stallions-158">[158]</a> Indian Navy is also procuring 24 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/sikorsky-mh-60-seahawk-helicopters.html">Lockheed Martin MH-60R</a> Multi Role Helicopters under the foreign military sales from the US.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAV</a> arm consists of the <a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">IAI Heron</a> and Searcher-IIs that are operated from both surface ships and shore establishments for surveillance missions.<a href="#cite_note-INAS_342_–_The_Flying_Sentinels-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Naval_Air_Squadron_343-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-UAV_SQUADRON_COMMISSIONED_ON_EAST_COAST-162">[162]</a> The Indian Navy also maintains an aerobatic display team, the <a href="/wiki/Sagar_Pawan" title="Sagar Pawan">Sagar Pawan</a>. The Sagar Pawan team will be replacing their present Kiran <a href="/wiki/HAL_Kiran" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Kiran">HJT-16</a> aircraft with the newly developed <a href="/wiki/HAL_HJT-36" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL HJT-36">HJT-36</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-KIRAN_MK_1/1A/2-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MARCOS">MARCOS</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: MARCOS">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MARCOS" title="MARCOS">MARCOS</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MARCOS_and_US_Navy_SEALs,_Urban_Combat_Training,_MALABAR_2021_(bright).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MARCOS_and_US_Navy_SEALs%2C_Urban_Combat_Training%2C_MALABAR_2021_%28bright%29.jpg/220px-MARCOS_and_US_Navy_SEALs%2C_Urban_Combat_Training%2C_MALABAR_2021_%28bright%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MARCOS_and_US_Navy_SEALs%2C_Urban_Combat_Training%2C_MALABAR_2021_%28bright%29.jpg/330px-MARCOS_and_US_Navy_SEALs%2C_Urban_Combat_Training%2C_MALABAR_2021_%28bright%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MARCOS_and_US_Navy_SEALs%2C_Urban_Combat_Training%2C_MALABAR_2021_%28bright%29.jpg/440px-MARCOS_and_US_Navy_SEALs%2C_Urban_Combat_Training%2C_MALABAR_2021_%28bright%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>A Marine Commando during urban combat training at Malabar 2021.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/MARCOS_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="MARCOS (India)">Marine Commando Force</a> (MCF), also known as MARCOS, is a <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations</a> unit that was raised by the Indian Navy in 1987 for <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Close_quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close quarters combat">Close Quarter Combat</a> <a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">Counter-terrorism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct_action_(military)" title="Direct action (military)">Direct action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special_reconnaissance" title="Special reconnaissance">Special reconnaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hostage_rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostage rescue">Hostage rescue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personnel_recovery" title="Personnel recovery">Personnel recovery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combat_search_and_rescue" title="Combat search and rescue">Combat search and rescue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric warfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_internal_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign internal defence">Foreign internal defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counterproliferation" title="Counterproliferation">Counterproliferation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_reconnaissance" title="Amphibious reconnaissance">Amphibious reconnaissance</a> including <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_reconnaissance" title="Amphibious reconnaissance">Hydrographic reconnaissance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Abhimanyu-131">[131]</a> Since their inception MARCOS proved themselves in various operations and wars, notable of them include <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Operation Pawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état">Operation Cactus</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_Somalia_II" title="United Nations Operation in Somalia II">UNOSOM II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Black Tornado">Operation Black Tornado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15_Reasons_The_Indian_Navy_MARCOS_Are_The_Best_In_The_World-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Emerging_Role_of_the_Indian_Navy_in_the_New_World_Order_-_I-165">[165]</a> They are also actively deployed on anti-piracy operations throughout the year.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_navy_captures_61_Somalian_pirates_and_stolen_'mother_ship'_after_deadly_gun_battle-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_foils_pirates'_attempt_to_attack_Liberian_vessel_in_Gulf_of_Aden-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Equipment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">List of active Indian Navy ships</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">List of ships of the Indian Navy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships">Ships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ships">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Vikrant_(R11)_and_INS_Vikramaditya_(R33)_during_joint_exercise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_during_joint_exercise.jpg/220px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_during_joint_exercise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_during_joint_exercise.jpg/330px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_during_joint_exercise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_during_joint_exercise.jpg/440px-INS_Vikrant_%28R11%29_and_INS_Vikramaditya_%28R33%29_during_joint_exercise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption> Aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya_(R33)" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Vikramaditya (R33)">INS Vikramaditya</a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imphal_Y-12706_launching_Brahmos_during_trials_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Imphal_Y-12706_launching_Brahmos_during_trials_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Imphal_Y-12706_launching_Brahmos_during_trials_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Imphal_Y-12706_launching_Brahmos_during_trials_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Imphal_Y-12706_launching_Brahmos_during_trials_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Imphal_Y-12706_launching_Brahmos_during_trials_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Imphal_Y-12706_launching_Brahmos_during_trials_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1468" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/INS_Imphal_(D68)" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Imphal (D68)">INS Imphal (D68)</a> firing <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> Extended Range supersonic cruise missile.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></figcaption></figure> The names of all in service ships and naval bases of the Indian Navy are prefixed with the letters INS, designating Indian Naval Ship or Indian Navy Station,<a href="#cite_note-Ship_Naming_in_the_United_States_Navy-169">[169]</a> whereas the sail boats are prefixed with INSV (Indian Naval Sailing Vessel).<a href="#cite_note-Tir_Class,_Sail_Ships/Boats,_Sagardhwani_Class-170">[170]</a> The fleet of the Indian Navy is a mixture of domestic built and foreign vessels, as of May 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit">[update]</a>, the surface fleet comprises 2 <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft carriers">aircraft carriers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Vikramaditya,_Vikrant,_Delhi_Class,_Rajput_Class,_Kolkata_Class-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-INS_Viraat_Decommissioned-172">[172]</a> 1 <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">amphibious transport dock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Austin_Class,_Shardul_Cass,_Magar_Class-173">[173]</a> 7 <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">landing ship tanks</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Austin_Class,_Shardul_Cass,_Magar_Class-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kumbhir_Class,_LCU_(MK-3)_Class-174">[174]</a> 13 <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Vikramaditya,_Vikrant,_Delhi_Class,_Rajput_Class,_Kolkata_Class-171">[171]</a> 13 <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brahmaputra_Class,_Godavari_Class-176">[176]</a> 20 <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kora_Class,_Khukri_Class-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-Veer_Class,_Abhay_Class-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_Corvettes_INS_Veer_And_Nipat_Decommissioned_After_29_and_28_Years_Of_Service_To_The_Nation-179">[179]</a> 10 large offshore <a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">patrol vessels</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sukanya_Class,_Saryu_Class,_Karwar_Class-180">[180]</a> 4 <a href="/wiki/Replenishment_oiler" title="Replenishment oiler">fleet tankers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Fleet_Tankers,_Torpedo_Recovery_Vessels,_Ocean_Going_Tugs,_Nireekshak_Class-181">[181]</a> 7 <a href="/wiki/Survey_vessel" title="Survey vessel">Survey ships</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sandhayak_Class,_Makar_Class-182">[182]</a> 1 <a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">research vessel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Tir_Class,_Sail_Ships/Boats,_Sagardhwani_Class-170">[170]</a> 3 <a href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">training vessels</a><a href="#cite_note-Tir_Class,_Sail_Ships/Boats,_Sagardhwani_Class-170">[170]</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">auxiliary vessels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Utility" title="Landing Craft Utility">Landing Craft Utility</a> vessels,<a href="#cite_note-Kumbhir_Class,_LCU_(MK-3)_Class-174">[174]</a> and small <a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">patrol boats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fleet_Tankers,_Torpedo_Recovery_Vessels,_Ocean_Going_Tugs,_Nireekshak_Class-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Trinket_Class,_Super_Dvora_II_Class,_Bangaram_Class,_Car_Nicobar_Class,_Immediate_Support_Vessels-183">[183]</a> The Navy has two aircraft carriers in active service, one of which is the <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya_(R33)" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Vikramaditya (R33)">INS Vikramaditya</a>, which serves as the flagship of the fleet.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Viraat_Decommissioned-172">[172]</a> Vikramaditya (formerly Admiral Gorshkov) is a modified <a href="/wiki/Kiev-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Kiev-class aircraft carrier">Kiev-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> procured at a total cost $2.3 billion from Russia in December 2013. A second aircraft carrier, the indigenously built <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant</a> was commissioned on 2 September 2022.<a href="#cite_note-India's_first_homegrown_aircraft_carrier_puts_it_among_world's_naval_elites-184">[184]</a> The Navy has an <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">amphibious transport dock</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austin-class_amphibious_transport_dock" title="Austin-class amphibious transport dock">Austin class</a>, renamed as <a href="/wiki/INS_Jalashwa" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Jalashwa">INS Jalashwa</a> in Indian service. It also maintains a fleet of <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">landing ship tanks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Austin_Class,_Shardul_Cass,_Magar_Class-173">[173]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Shakti_A57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/INS_Shakti_A57.jpg/220px-INS_Shakti_A57.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/INS_Shakti_A57.jpg/330px-INS_Shakti_A57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/INS_Shakti_A57.jpg/440px-INS_Shakti_A57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1899" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/INS_Shakti_(A57)" title="INS Shakti (A57)">INS Shakti</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Deepak-class_fleet_tanker" title="Deepak-class fleet tanker">Deepak-class fleet tanker</a></figcaption></figure> The navy currently operates three <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer">Visakhapatnam</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Kolkata-class_destroyer" title="Kolkata-class destroyer">Kolkata</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Delhi-class_destroyer" title="Delhi-class destroyer">Delhi</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Rajput-class_destroyer" title="Rajput-class destroyer">Rajput</a>-class <a href="/wiki/Guided-missile_destroyer" title="Guided-missile destroyer">guided-missile destroyers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vikramaditya,_Vikrant,_Delhi_Class,_Rajput_Class,_Kolkata_Class-171">[171]</a> The ships of the Rajput class are being replaced by the next-generation <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer">Visakhapatnam-class destroyers</a> (Project 15B) which feature a number of improvements.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Visakhapatnam',_First_Ship_of_Project_15B_launched-185">[185]</a> In addition to destroyers, the navy operates several classes of frigates such as three <a href="/wiki/Shivalik-class_frigate" title="Shivalik-class frigate">Shivalik</a> (Project 17 class) and six <a href="/wiki/Talwar-class_frigate" title="Talwar-class frigate">Talwar</a>-class frigates.<a href="#cite_note-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class-175">[175]</a> Seven additional modified Shivalik-class frigates (<a href="/wiki/Project_17A_class_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 17A class frigate">Project 17A class frigates</a>) are on order, all of which are under various stages of construction. Smaller <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral zone</a> <a href="/wiki/Combatant_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Combatant ship">combatants</a> in service are in the form of corvettes, of which the Indian Navy operates the <a href="/wiki/Kamorta-class_corvette" title="Kamorta-class corvette">Kamorta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kora-class_corvette" title="Kora-class corvette">Kora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khukri-class_corvette" title="Khukri-class corvette">Khukri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veer-class_corvette" title="Veer-class corvette">Veer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abhay-class_corvette" title="Abhay-class corvette">Abhay-class</a> corvettes.<a href="#cite_note-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kora_Class,_Khukri_Class-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-Veer_Class,_Abhay_Class-178">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Replenishment_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Replenishment ship">Replenishment tankers</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Komandarm_Fedko-class_oiler" title="Komandarm Fedko-class oiler">Jyoti-class tanker</a>, <a href="/wiki/INS_Aditya_(A59)" title="INS Aditya (A59)">INS Aditya</a> and the new <a href="/wiki/Deepak-class_fleet_tanker" title="Deepak-class fleet tanker">Deepak-class fleet tanker</a> help improve the navy's endurance at sea.<a href="#cite_note-Fleet_Tankers,_Torpedo_Recovery_Vessels,_Ocean_Going_Tugs,_Nireekshak_Class-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Aircraft">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Air_Arm" title="Indian Naval Air Arm">Indian Naval Air Arm</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikoyan_MiG-29K_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mikoyan_MiG-29K_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg/220px-Mikoyan_MiG-29K_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mikoyan_MiG-29K_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg/330px-Mikoyan_MiG-29K_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mikoyan_MiG-29K_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg/440px-Mikoyan_MiG-29K_of_the_Indian_Navy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1068" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K" title="Mikoyan MiG-29K">MiG-29K</a> of the Indian Navy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_(modified).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg/220px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg/330px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg/440px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Boeing P-8I</a> of the Indian Navy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Navy_Kamov_Ka-31_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Indian_Navy_Kamov_Ka-31_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Indian_Navy_Kamov_Ka-31_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Indian_Navy_Kamov_Ka-31_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Indian_Navy_Kamov_Ka-31_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Indian_Navy_Kamov_Ka-31_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Indian_Navy_Kamov_Ka-31_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption> A <a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-31" title="Kamov Ka-31">Kamov Ka-31</a> helicopter lands on the <a href="/wiki/USS_Bunker_Hill_(CG-52)" title="USS Bunker Hill (CG-52)">USS Bunker Hill</a></figcaption></figure><div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft#Naval_Air_Arm" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">List of active Indian military aircraft § Naval Air Arm</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft&action=edit#Naval_Air_Arm">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HAL_Dhruv_MKIII_Commandos_Heliborne_operation_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/HAL_Dhruv_MKIII_Commandos_Heliborne_operation_3.jpg/220px-HAL_Dhruv_MKIII_Commandos_Heliborne_operation_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/HAL_Dhruv_MKIII_Commandos_Heliborne_operation_3.jpg/330px-HAL_Dhruv_MKIII_Commandos_Heliborne_operation_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/HAL_Dhruv_MKIII_Commandos_Heliborne_operation_3.jpg/440px-HAL_Dhruv_MKIII_Commandos_Heliborne_operation_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Heliborne operation from <a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv MK-III</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_(modified).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg/220px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg/330px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg/440px-Boeing_P-8I_of_the_Indian_Navy_%28modified%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon#India" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">A Boeing P-8I Neptune of Indian Navy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky_MH-60R_Seahawk_helicopter_of_Indian_Navy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sikorsky_MH-60R_Seahawk_helicopter_of_Indian_Navy.jpg/220px-Sikorsky_MH-60R_Seahawk_helicopter_of_Indian_Navy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sikorsky_MH-60R_Seahawk_helicopter_of_Indian_Navy.jpg/330px-Sikorsky_MH-60R_Seahawk_helicopter_of_Indian_Navy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sikorsky_MH-60R_Seahawk_helicopter_of_Indian_Navy.jpg/440px-Sikorsky_MH-60R_Seahawk_helicopter_of_Indian_Navy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>MH-60R Seahawk helicopter of Indian Navy</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">Aircraft </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Origin </th> <th style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;">Type </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Variant </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#acc;">In service </th> <th style="text-align: center; background:#acc;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft#Combat_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">Combat Aircraft</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">multirole</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K" title="Mikoyan MiG-29K">MiG-29K</a> </td> <td>40<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> </td> <td>7 <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29K#Variants" title="Mikoyan MiG-29K">KUB</a> variants provide <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)#Operational_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">conversion training</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Maritime patrol</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Boeing P-8</a> </td> <td>United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">patrol</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon#India" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon"> P-8I</a> </td> <td>12<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_228" class="mw-redirect" title="Dornier Do 228">Dornier Do 228</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft"> surveillance</a> </td> <td>228-201<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_jawa-04-188">[188]</a> </td> <td>31<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_:14-190">[190]</a> </td> <td>6 on order<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_:14-190">[190]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Britten-Norman_BN-2_Islander" title="Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander">Britten-Norman BN-2</a> </td> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>utility / <a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">patrol</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Britten-Norman_BN-2_Islander#Variants" title="Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander">BN-2B/2T</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> </td> <td>4<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopters" class="mw-redirect" title="Helicopters">Helicopters</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">utility</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>24<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-31" title="Kamov Ka-31">Kamov Ka-31</a> </td> <td>Russia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">AEW</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>14<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td>employs a <a href="/wiki/Planar_array_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Planar array radar">Planar array radar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-27" title="Kamov Ka-27">Kamov Ka-27</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-27#Variants" title="Kamov Ka-27">Ka-28</a> </td> <td>14<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">SH-60 Seahawk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-surface_warfare" title="Anti-surface warfare">ASW</a> / <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">SAR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk#U.S._versions" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">MH-60R</a> </td> <td>6<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_:5-192">[192]</a> </td> <td>24 on order<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Westland Sea King</a> </td> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">SAR</a> / utility </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King#Variants" title="Westland Sea King"> Mk.42B/C</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_hiranandani-194">[194]</a> </td> <td>25<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td>six are <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-3_Sea_King#Sikorsky_designations" title="Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King">UH-3H</a> variants </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HAL_Chetak" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Chetak">HAL Chetak</a> </td> <td>France/India </td> <td>liaison / utility </td> <td> </td> <td>42<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">Trainer Aircraft</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pipistrel_Virus" title="Pipistrel Virus">Pipistrel Virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ab-initio_trainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab-initio trainer">Ab initio trainer</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>12<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_194garud-195">[195]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">BAE Hawk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>Jet trainer </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk#Hawk_AJT" title="BAE Systems Hawk">Hawk 132</a> </td> <td>17<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HAL_Kiran" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Kiran">HAL Kiran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Jet trainer </td> <td> </td> <td>20<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_World_Air_Forces_2024-186">[186]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="align: center; background: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAV</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">IAI Heron</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_bs-sipri-196">[196]</a> </td> <td>Israel </td> <td>surveillance </td> <td>Heron 1 </td> <td>14<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_:03-197">[197]</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_toi-inas-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IAI_Searcher" title="IAI Searcher">IAI Searcher</a><a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_janes-16sep15-200">[200]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>surveillance </td> <td>Mk. II </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">MQ-9 Reaper</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">Combat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Atomics_MQ-9_Reaper#SeaGuardian" title="General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper">SeaGuardian</a> </td> <td>2<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> </td> <td>(On lease) 15 on order<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_:13-202">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drishti-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Drishti-10">Drishti-10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>/<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>surveillance </td> <td> </td> <td>2<a href="#cite_note-List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft_:6-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Submarines">Submarines</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Submarines">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Indian Navy">List of submarines of the Indian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Kalvari_(S21)_at_sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/INS_Kalvari_%28S21%29_at_sea.jpg/220px-INS_Kalvari_%28S21%29_at_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/INS_Kalvari_%28S21%29_at_sea.jpg/330px-INS_Kalvari_%28S21%29_at_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/INS_Kalvari_%28S21%29_at_sea.jpg/440px-INS_Kalvari_%28S21%29_at_sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/INS_Kalvari_(S21)" title="INS Kalvari (S21)">INS Kalvari</a>, conventional submarine of the Indian Navy</figcaption></figure> As of August 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Navy's sub-surface fleet includes two <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arihant-class_submarines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arihant-class submarines (page does not exist)">Arihant-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">SSBN</a> and 16 conventionally-powered attack <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-205">[205]</a> The conventional attack submarines of the Indian Navy consist of five <a href="/wiki/Kalvari-class_submarine_(2015)" title="Kalvari-class submarine (2015)">Kalvari</a> (French <a href="/wiki/Scorp%C3%A8ne-class_submarine" title="Scorpène-class submarine">Scorpène-class</a> submarine design), seven <a href="/wiki/Sindhughosh-class_submarine" title="Sindhughosh-class submarine">Sindhughosh</a> (Russian <a href="/wiki/Kilo-class_submarine" title="Kilo-class submarine">Kilo-class</a> submarine design), and the four <a href="/wiki/Shishumar-class_submarine" title="Shishumar-class submarine">Shishumar</a> (German <a href="/wiki/Type_209_submarine" title="Type 209 submarine">Type 209/1500</a> design) classes.<a href="#cite_note-Submarines_Active-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sindhughosh_Class-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shishumar_Class-208">[208]</a> India previously possessed a single <a href="/wiki/Akula-class_submarine" title="Akula-class submarine">Akula</a>-class <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_marine_propulsion" title="Nuclear marine propulsion">nuclear-powered</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarine</a> named <a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Nerpa_(K-152)" title="Russian submarine Nerpa (K-152)">INS Chakra</a>. She was leased to India for a period of ten years, between 2012 and 2021. Three hundred Indian Navy personnel were trained in Russia for the operation of these submarines.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Chakra:_Govt_inducts_Russian-origin_Akula_II_class_Nerpa_into_Navy-209">[209]</a> Negotiations are on with Russia for the lease of the second Akula-class submarine.<a href="#cite_note-India_to_Lease_a_Second_Nuclear_Submarine_From_Russia-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-205">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/INS_Arihant" title="INS Arihant">INS Arihant</a> was launched on 26 July 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>, and was secretly commissioned into active service in August 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Now,_India_has_a_nuclear_triad-211">[211]</a> The Navy plans to have six nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a> in service in the near future.<a href="#cite_note-Navy_creating_a_new_base_for_nuke_submarines-212">[212]</a> Arihant is both the first boat of the <a href="/wiki/Arihant-class_submarine" title="Arihant-class submarine">Arihant-class</a> nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines and the first nuclear-powered submarine to be built in India.<a href="#cite_note-India_set_to_launch_nuclear-powered_submarine-213">[213]</a> India is planning to entirely modernise its submarine fleet. Initially, it was planned that 24 conventionally powered attack submarine would be acquired. First 12 submarines (6 <a href="/wiki/Kalvari-class_submarine_(2015)" title="Kalvari-class submarine (2015)">Project 75</a> and 6 <a href="/wiki/Project-75_(India)_submarine_acquisition_project" title="Project-75 (India) submarine acquisition project">Project 75I</a>) would be inducted by 2012 and the next 12 indigenous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_76-class_submarines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project 76-class submarines (page does not exist)">Project 76 submarines</a> would be inducted by 2030. However, this was revised in 2015. Now, the planned numbers stand at 4 SSBNs, 6 SSNs and 18 conventionally powered <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarines</a>. The clearance for <a href="/wiki/Project_75_Alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 75 Alpha">Project 75 Alpha</a> submarines was approved by the Government on 18 February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> As of August 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Navy's planned acquisitions of submarines include :– <ul><li>5 <a href="/wiki/Arihant-class_submarine" title="Arihant-class submarine">Arihant-class submarines</a> (2 operational, 2 launched, 1 planned)<a href="#cite_note-:3-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-215">[215]</a></li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/S5-class_submarine" title="S5-class submarine">S5-class submarine</a><a href="#cite_note-:03-216">[216]</a></li> <li>6 <a href="/wiki/Project_75_Alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 75 Alpha">Project 75 Alpha</a>-class nuclear attack submarines in 2 phases (also called Project 77 submarines)<a href="#cite_note-:3-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-215">[215]</a></li> <li>9 Project 75 (<a href="/wiki/Kalvari-class_submarine_(2015)" title="Kalvari-class submarine (2015)">Kalvari</a>) class submarines (5 operational, 1 launched and 3 more planned)<a href="#cite_note-vagircommission-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li> <li>6 <a href="/wiki/Project-75_(India)_submarine_acquisition_project" title="Project-75 (India) submarine acquisition project">Project 75I-class</a> (Field Evaluation Phase)<a href="#cite_note-Hindu-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-Testing-220">[220]</a> and</li> <li>12 indigenous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_76-class_submarines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project 76-class submarines (page does not exist)">Project 76 submarines</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weapon_systems">Weapon systems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Weapon systems">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon systems of the Indian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VLSRSAM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/VLSRSAM.jpg/220px-VLSRSAM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/VLSRSAM.jpg/330px-VLSRSAM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/VLSRSAM.jpg/440px-VLSRSAM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/VL-SRSAM" title="VL-SRSAM">VL-SRSAM</a> fired from Naval ship will replace Barak-1 in service.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shakti_Thermal_Torpedo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakti_Thermal_Torpedo.jpg/220px-Shakti_Thermal_Torpedo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakti_Thermal_Torpedo.jpg/330px-Shakti_Thermal_Torpedo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakti_Thermal_Torpedo.jpg/440px-Shakti_Thermal_Torpedo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Shakti Thermal Torpedo</figcaption></figure> The Navy use a mix of indigenously developed and foreign made <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a> systems. These include submarine-launched ballistic missiles, ship-launched ballistic missiles, cruise and anti-ship missiles, air-to-air missiles, surface-to-air missiles, torpedoes, air-to-air guns, main guns and anti-submarine rocket launchers. Its inventory comprises 100 mm (3.9 in) <a href="/wiki/AK-100_(naval_gun)" title="AK-100 (naval gun)">AK 190</a> gun with a range of 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi), 130 kilometres (81 mi) <a href="/wiki/Kh-35" title="Kh-35">KH-35E</a> 4 Quad Uran, ASW <a href="/wiki/RBU-6000" title="RBU-6000">RBU-2000</a> etc.<a href="#cite_note-The_progression_of_Indian_Navy's_weaponry_and_status-223">[223]</a> In recent years, <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a> has been one of the most advanced missile system adapted by the Indian Navy. It has been jointly developed by India's <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> (DRDO) and Russian <a href="/wiki/NPO_Mashinostroyeniya" title="NPO Mashinostroyeniya">NPO Mashinostroyeniya</a>. BrahMos is the world's fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.<a href="#cite_note-India_Test_Fires_Supersonic_Cruise_Missile-224">[224]</a> The BrahMos has been tailored to meet Indian needs and features a large proportion of India-designed components and technology, including its fire control systems, transporter erector launchers, and its onboard navigational attack systems. The successful test of Brahmos from <a href="/wiki/INS_Rajput_(D51)" title="INS Rajput (D51)">INS Rajput</a> provides Indian Navy with precision land attack capability.<a href="#cite_note-Brahmos_naval_version_tested_successfully-225">[225]</a> India has also fitted its <a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">Boeing P-8I</a> reconnaissance aircraft with all-weather, <a href="/wiki/Active_radar_homing" title="Active radar homing">active-radar-homing</a>, over-the-horizon <a href="/wiki/Harpoon_(missile)" title="Harpoon (missile)">AGM-84L Harpoon Block II missiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_54_Lightweight_Torpedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo">Mk 54</a> All-Up-Round Lightweight Torpedoes.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_Requests_New_Patrol_Aircraft-226">[226]</a> Indian warships' primary air-defence shield is provided by <a href="/wiki/Barak_1" title="Barak 1">Barak 1</a> surface-to-air missile while an advanced version <a href="/wiki/Barak_8" title="Barak 8">Barak 8</a> is in development in collaboration with Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Air_Defense:_Barak_Gets_Bigger_And_Better-227">[227]</a> India's next-generation <a href="/wiki/Scorp%C3%A8ne-class_submarine" title="Scorpène-class submarine">Scorpène-class</a> submarines will be armed with <a href="/wiki/Exocet" title="Exocet">Exocet anti-ship missile</a> system. Among indigenous missiles, ship-launched version of <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_(missile)" title="Prithvi (missile)">Prithvi-II</a> is called <a href="/wiki/Dhanush_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhanush (missile)">Dhanush</a>, which has a range of 350 kilometres (220 mi) and can carry nuclear warheads.<a href="#cite_note-Nuclear-capable_Dhanush_successfully_test-fired-228">[228]</a> The K-15 <a href="/wiki/Sagarika_(missile)" title="Sagarika (missile)">Sagarika</a> (Oceanic) <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)</a>, which has a range of at least 700 km (some sources claim 1000 km) forms part of India's nuclear triad and is extensively tested to be integrated with the Arihant class of nuclear submarines.<a href="#cite_note-India_ready_to_join_elite_N-strike_club-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-India_successfully_test-fires_underwater_missile-230">[230]</a> A longer range submarine launched ballistic missile called <a href="/wiki/K-4_(SLBM)" class="mw-redirect" title="K-4 (SLBM)">K-4</a> is under induction process, to be followed by <a href="/wiki/Agni-VI#Agni-VI_SLBM" title="Agni-VI">K-5</a> SLBM.<a href="#cite_note-India_Inches_Closer_to_Credible_Nuclear_Triad_With_K-4_SLBM_Test-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronic_warfare_and_systems_management">Electronic warfare and systems management</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Electronic warfare and systems management">edit</a>]</div> Sangraha is a joint <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a> programme between <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> (DRDO) and the Indian Navy. The programme is intended to develop a family of electronic warfare suites, for use on different naval platforms capable of detecting, intercepting, and classifying pulsed, <a href="/wiki/Carrier_wave" title="Carrier wave">carrier wave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulse_repetition_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse repetition frequency">pulse repetition frequency</a> agile, frequency agile and <a href="/wiki/Chirp" title="Chirp">chirp</a> <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radars</a>. The systems are suitable for deployment on various platforms like helicopters, vehicles, and ships. Certain platforms, along with <a href="/wiki/Electronic_support_measures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic support measures">ESM</a> (Electronic Support Measures) capabilities, have <a href="/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic countermeasures">ECM</a> (Electronic Countermeasure) capabilities such as multiple-beam phased array jammers.<a href="#cite_note-Area_of_Work_DRDO-232">[232]</a> The Indian Navy also relies on information technology to face the challenges of the 21st century. The Indian Navy is implementing a new strategy to move from a platform centric force to a network centric force by linking all shore-based installations and ships via a high-speed data networks and satellites.<a href="#cite_note-Navy_building_high-speed_data_network-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-Change_but_Continuity:_The_Indian_Navy_Marches_Ahead_IPCS-235">[235]</a> This will help in increased operational awareness. The network is referred to as the Navy Enterprise Wide Network (NEWN). The Indian Navy has also provided training to all its personnel in Information Technology (IT) at the Naval Institute of Computer Applications (NICA) located in Mumbai. Information technology is also used to provide better training, like the usage of simulators and for better management of the force.<a href="#cite_note-Information_technology_and_Indian_Navy-236">[236]</a> The Navy has a dedicated cadre for matters pertaining to information technology cadre named as Information Technology Cadre,<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_to_have_Information_Technology_cadre-237">[237]</a> under the Directorate of Information Technology (DRI). The cadre is responsible for implementation for enterprise wide networking and software development projects, development activities with respect to cyber security products, administration of shore and on-board networks, and management of critical Naval Networks and software applications.<a href="#cite_note-Directorate_of_Information_Technology-238">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_satellite">Naval satellite</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Naval satellite">edit</a>]</div> India's first exclusive defence satellite <a href="/wiki/GSAT-7" title="GSAT-7">GSAT-7</a> was successfully launched by European space consortium Arianespace's rocket from <a href="/wiki/Kourou_spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kourou spaceport">Kourou spaceport</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> in August 2013. GSAT-7 was fabricated by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> (ISRO) to serve for at least seven years in its orbital slot at 74°E, providing <a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a>, <a href="/wiki/S-band" class="mw-redirect" title="S-band">S-band</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C-band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ku-band" class="mw-redirect" title="Ku-band">Ku-band</a> relay capacity. Its Ku-band allows high-density data transmission, including both audio and video. This satellite also has a provision to reach smaller and mobile terminals.<a href="#cite_note-GSAT-7:_India's_Strategic_Satellite-239">[239]</a> GSAT-7 approximately has a footprint of 3,500–4,000 kilometres (2,200–2,500 miles; 1,900–2,200 nautical miles) over the Indian Ocean region, including both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal region. This enables the Navy to operate in a network-centric atmosphere having real-time networking of all its operational assets at sea and on land.<a href="#cite_note-GSAT-7:_India's_Strategic_Satellite-239">[239]</a> On 15 June 2019 the navy placed an order for <a href="/wiki/GSAT-7R" title="GSAT-7R">GSAT-7R</a> satellite as a replacement for GSAT-7. The satellite costs Rs 1589 crores (US$225.5 million) and is expected to be launched by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Activities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Naval_Deployments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian Naval Deployments">List of Indian Naval Deployments</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fleet_reviews">Fleet reviews</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Fleet reviews">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President%27s_Standard_and_Color_unveliling_highlighting_India%27s_glorious_maritime_heritage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/President%27s_Standard_and_Color_unveliling_highlighting_India%27s_glorious_maritime_heritage.jpg/220px-President%27s_Standard_and_Color_unveliling_highlighting_India%27s_glorious_maritime_heritage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/President%27s_Standard_and_Color_unveliling_highlighting_India%27s_glorious_maritime_heritage.jpg/330px-President%27s_Standard_and_Color_unveliling_highlighting_India%27s_glorious_maritime_heritage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/President%27s_Standard_and_Color_unveliling_highlighting_India%27s_glorious_maritime_heritage.jpg/440px-President%27s_Standard_and_Color_unveliling_highlighting_India%27s_glorious_maritime_heritage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">President of India</a> taking salute unveiling Indian Navy's Standard and Color highlighting India's maritime heritage</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> is entitled to inspect his/her fleet, as he/she is the supreme commander of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>. The first president's fleet review by India was hosted by <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a> on 10 October 1953. President's reviews usually take place once in the President's term. In all, twelve fleet reviews have taken place, including two International fleet reviews in 2011 and 2016. The latest fleet review was held in February 2022 at Visakhapatnam, by President <a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a>.<a href="#cite_note-All_you_need_to_know_about_the_Fleet_Review_being_hosted_by_Indian_Navy_in_Vizag-242">[242]</a> The Indian Navy also conducted an International fleet review named Bridges of Friendship in February 2001 in Mumbai. Many ships of friendly Navies from all around the world participated, including two from the US Navy.<a href="#cite_note-Building_Bridges_of_Friendship-243">[243]</a> The second international fleet review, the <a href="/wiki/International_Fleet_Review_2016" title="International Fleet Review 2016">International Fleet Review 2016</a>, was held off Visakhapatnam coast in February 2016 where Indian Navy's focus was on improving diplomatic relations and military compatibility with other nations.<a href="#cite_note-All_you_need_to_know_about_the_Fleet_Review_being_hosted_by_Indian_Navy_in_Vizag-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_exercises">Naval exercises</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Naval exercises">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milan_2024_Sailing_together.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Milan_2024_Sailing_together.jpg/220px-Milan_2024_Sailing_together.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Milan_2024_Sailing_together.jpg/330px-Milan_2024_Sailing_together.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Milan_2024_Sailing_together.jpg/440px-Milan_2024_Sailing_together.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Milan_(naval_exercise)" title="Milan (naval exercise)">Milan</a> exercise 2024 grows in size with 50 foreign countries participating<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> from 4 in 1995<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></figcaption></figure> India often conducts naval exercises (like <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Partnership_Exercise" title="Maritime Partnership Exercise">Maritime Partnership Exercise</a>) with other friendly countries designed to increase naval cooperation and also to strengthen cooperative security relationship. Some such exercises take place annually or biennially: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Exercise </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Navy/Navies </th> <th style="text-align: center;">First Edition </th> <th style="text-align:l center;">Last Edition </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Total Editions </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Notes/ References </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan_(naval_exercise)" title="Milan (naval exercise)">Milan</a> </td> <td>Multilateral </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Varuna_(naval_exercise)" title="Varuna (naval exercise)">Varuna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konkan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/INDRA_(naval_exercise)" title="INDRA (naval exercise)">INDRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Indo_–_Russian_Bilateral_Naval_Exercise_(_Indra_Navy_–_2016)-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Malabar" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise Malabar">MALABAR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">JMSDF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> (Flag exercise of the <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">QUAD</a> navies) </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>26 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Exercise_Malabar_-_2016-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SIMBEX" title="SIMBEX">SIMBEX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy" title="Republic of Singapore Navy">Singapore Navy</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IBSAMAR" title="IBSAMAR">IBSAMAR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_African_Navy" title="South African Navy">South African Navy</a> </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SITMEX </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy" title="Republic of Singapore Navy">Singapore Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Thai Navy</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SLINEX" title="SLINEX">SLINEX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Navy" title="Sri Lanka Navy">Sri Lanka Navy</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SLINEX_15_-_Sri_Lanka-India_Exercise-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NASEEM-AL-BAHR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_of_Oman" title="Royal Navy of Oman">Oman Navy</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>AUSINDEX </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Navy">Australian Navy</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>JIMEX </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">JMSDF</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ZA'IR-AL-BAHR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qatari_Emiri_Navy" title="Qatari Emiri Navy">Qatari Navy</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SAMUDRA SHAKTI </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Navy" title="Indonesian Navy">Indonesian Navy</a> </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>BONGOSAGAR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Navy" title="Bangladesh Navy">Bangladesh Navy</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zayed Talwar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Navy" title="United Arab Emirates Navy">UAE Navy</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Al-Mohed Al-Hindi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Navy">Saudi Navy</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INS_Satpura_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/INS_Satpura_%281%29.jpg/220px-INS_Satpura_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/INS_Satpura_%281%29.jpg/330px-INS_Satpura_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/INS_Satpura_%281%29.jpg/440px-INS_Satpura_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4837" data-file-height="3296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/INS_Satpura_(F48)" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Satpura (F48)">INS Satpura</a> in the U.S. for <a href="/wiki/Exercise_RIMPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise RIMPAC">RIMPAC 2022</a></figcaption></figure> Coordinated patrols include: Indo–Thai CORPAT (28 editions),<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> Indonesia–India CORPAT (33 editions),<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> IMCOR with Myanmar (8 editions).<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> The Indian Navy conducted a naval exercise with the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a> in 2003,<a href="#cite_note-Strategic_Shift_In_Chinese_Naval_Strategy_In_Indian_Ocean-272">[272]</a> and also sent ships to the South China Sea to participate in the fleet review.<a href="#cite_note-India_to_take_part_in_China's_International_Fleet_Review-273">[273]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Exercise_TROPEX" title="Exercise TROPEX">TROPEX</a> (Theatre-level Readiness Operational Exercises) was held during which Indian Navy experimented the doctrine of influencing a land and air battle to support the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report_2006-274">[274]</a> TROPEX has been conducted annually every year with an exception to 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_Concludes_Theatre_Level_Readiness_and_Operational_Exercise_(TROPEX_2017)-275">[275]</a> In 2007, Indian Navy conducted naval exercises with <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force</a> and U.S. Navy in the Pacific,<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_holds_joint_drills_with_top_naval_powers-276">[276]</a> and also signed an agreement with Japan in October 2008 for joint naval patrolling in the Asia-Pacific region.<a href="#cite_note-Eye_on_China,_India_and_Japan_ink_security_pact-277">[277]</a> In 2007, India conducted naval exercises with <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Two_Indian_naval_ships_dock_in_Sai_Gon_Port_for_5-day_visit-278">[278]</a> Philippines,<a href="#cite_note-India's_Joint_Naval_Exercises_in_the_ASEAN_Region-279">[279]</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott2011152-280">[280]</a> In 2007, India and South Korea conducted an annual naval exercise,<a href="#cite_note-India,_S_Korea_to_hold_joint_naval_exercise-281">[281]</a> alongside India's participation in the South Korean International Fleet Review in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-A_year_of_determined_pursuit_of_perfection_for_Navy_fleet-282">[282]</a> The first Atlantic Ocean deployment of the Indian Navy happened in 2009. During this deployment, the Indian Naval fleet conducted exercises with the French, German, Russian and British navies.<a href="#cite_note-Navy_war_games_with_French,_British_in_Atlantic_next_month-283">[283]</a> Once in two years navies from the Indian Ocean region meet at the Andaman and Nicobar Islands for the <a href="/wiki/Milan_(naval_exercise)" title="Milan (naval exercise)">Exercise MILAN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Milan_2014:_Naval_exercise_off_Andamans_concludes-284">[284]</a> In 2021 India assisted in US-led <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command#Cutlass_Express" title="United States Africa Command">Exercise Cutlass Express</a> as a trainer.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> In 2007 India held the first <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Naval_Symposium" title="Indian Ocean Naval Symposium">Indian Ocean Naval Symposium</a> (IONS) with an objective to provide a forum for all the <a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">littoral nations</a> of the Indian Ocean to co-operate on mutually agreed areas for better security in the region.<a href="#cite_note-PM_calls_on_Indian_Ocean_navies_to_pool_resources-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-INDIAN_OCEAN_NAVAL_SYMPOSIUM_(IONS)-288">[288]</a> Since the past decade, Indian naval ships have made goodwill port calls to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-INDIAN_NAVY_SHIPS_DOCK_IN_HAIFA_PORT_AHEAD_OF_HISTORICAL_VISIT_BY_INDIAN_PM-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy:_INS_Brahmaputra_on_Goodwill_Visit_to_Israel-290">[290]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-INS_Trikand_visits_Istanbul,_Turkey-291">[291]</a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Warships_visit_Alexandria,_Egypt-292">[292]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Warships_on_Overseas_Deployment:_Visit_Souda_Bay,_Greece-293">[293]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Naval_Ships_visit_Phuket_(Thailand)-294">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Eastern_Fleet_Ships_on_Overseas_Deployment_to_Indonesia-295">[295]</a> Australia,<a href="#cite_note-Naval_Ships_visit_Freemantle_(Perth),_Australia-296">[296]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>,<a href="#cite_note-INS_Sumitra_visits_Auckland,_New_Zealand_for_International_Naval_Review_2016-297">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>,<a href="#cite_note-India_–_Tonga_Relations-298">[298]</a> South Africa,<a href="#cite_note-Western_Fleet_Ships_visit_South_Africa-299">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Visit_of_Indian_Warships_to_Mombasa,_Kenya-300">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Qatar-301">[301]</a> Oman,<a href="#cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Oman-302">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy's_Western_fleet_ships_visit_United_Arab_Emirates-303">[303]</a> Bahrain,<a href="#cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Bahrain-304">[304]</a> Kuwait,<a href="#cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Kuwait-305">[305]</a> and various other countries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploration">Exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Exploration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navika_Sagar_Parikrama_-_Tarini_Enters_Lyttelton_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Navika_Sagar_Parikrama_-_Tarini_Enters_Lyttelton_%284%29.jpg/220px-Navika_Sagar_Parikrama_-_Tarini_Enters_Lyttelton_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Navika_Sagar_Parikrama_-_Tarini_Enters_Lyttelton_%284%29.jpg/330px-Navika_Sagar_Parikrama_-_Tarini_Enters_Lyttelton_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Navika_Sagar_Parikrama_-_Tarini_Enters_Lyttelton_%284%29.jpg/440px-Navika_Sagar_Parikrama_-_Tarini_Enters_Lyttelton_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>The Indian Navy's all-woman <a href="/wiki/INSV_Tarini" title="INSV Tarini">INSV Tarini</a> crew at Lyttelton port (New Zealand), during their global circumnavigation expedition.</figcaption></figure> The Indian Navy regularly conducts adventure expeditions. The <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ship</a> and training vessel <a href="/wiki/INS_Tarangini_(A75)" title="INS Tarangini (A75)">INS Tarangini</a> began circumnavigating the world on 23 January 2003, intending to foster good relations with various other nations; she returned to India in May 2004 after visiting 36 ports in 18 nations.<a href="#cite_note-INS_Tarangini-306">[306]</a> Lt. Cdr. <a href="/wiki/M._S._Kohli" class="mw-redirect" title="M. S. Kohli">M. S. Kohli</a> led the Indian Navy's first successful expedition to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> in 1965;<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy's_second_Mt_Everest_expedition_flagged_off-307">[307]</a> the Navy's ensign was again flown atop Everest on 19 May 2004 by a similar expedition. Another Navy team also successfully scaled Everest from the north face, a technically more challenging route.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_on_top_of_the_world-308">[308]</a> The expedition was led by Cdr Satyabrata Dam of the submarine arm. Cdr. Dam is a mountaineer of international repute and has climbed many mountains including the <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonias</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> among others.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy's_Mt._Everest_Team_sets_many_new_records:_From_the_deep_blue_seas_to_the_highest_peaks_Indian_naval_team_does_it_all-309">[309]</a> In 2017, to commemorate 50 years of the Navy's first expedition in 1965, a team set off to climb Mount Everest.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy's_second_Mt_Everest_expedition_flagged_off-307">[307]</a> An Indian Navy team comprising 11 members successfully completed an expedition to the Arctic pole. To prepare, they first traveled to <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, where they attempted to summit a peak.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_Team_in_Iceland-310">[310]</a> The team next flew to eastern <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>; in the <a href="/wiki/Kulusuk" title="Kulusuk">Kulusuk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angmassalik" class="mw-redirect" title="Angmassalik">Angmassalik</a> areas, they used <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> boats to navigate the region's ice-choked <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjords</a>. They crossed northward across the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a>, reaching seventy degrees North on skis. The team scaled an unnamed peak of height 11,000 feet (3,400 m) and named it Indian Peak.<a href="#cite_note-An_Indian_Navy_team_is_just_back_from_an_arduous_ski_expedition_in_Greenland-311">[311]</a> The Indian Naval ensign first flew in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_Timeline-312">[312]</a> The Indian Navy succeeded in Mission Dakshin Dhruv 2006 by traversing to the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> on skis. With this historic expedition, they have set the record for being the first military team to have successfully completed a ski traverse to the Geographic South Pole.<a href="#cite_note-Navy_team_becomes_first_military_unit_to_ski_to_South_Pole-313">[313]</a> Also, three of the ten member team—the expedition leader—Cdr. Satyabrata Dam, leading medical assistants Rakesh Kumar and Vikas Kumar are now among the few people in the world to have visited the two poles and summited Mt. Everest.<a href="#cite_note-From_the_Ocean_Depths_to_The_Top_of_the_World-314">[314]</a> Indian Navy became the first organisation to reach the poles and Mt. Everest. Cdr. <a href="/wiki/Dilip_Donde" title="Dilip Donde">Dilip Donde</a> completed the first solo circumnavigation by an Indian citizen on 22 May 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Dilip_Donde_completes_first_solo_circumnavigation_for_India-315">[315]</a> Cdr. <a href="/wiki/Abhilash_Tomy" title="Abhilash Tomy">Abhilash Tomy</a> became the first Indian to complete a solo, non-stop circumnavigation of the world on a sailboat not fitted with any technology or navigational aids.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_of_the_Indian_Navy">Future of the Indian Navy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Future of the Indian Navy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future of the Indian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png/220px-HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png/330px-HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png/440px-HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_TEDBF" title="HAL TEDBF">HAL TEDBF</a> will replace the Mig-29K's in service.</figcaption></figure> By the end of the 14th Plan (2020), the Indian Navy was expected to have over 150 ships and close to 500 aircraft. In addition to the existing mission of securing both sea flanks in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, the navy was tasked with responding to emergencies far away from the Indian mainland. Marine assault capabilities were to be enhanced by setting up a new amphibious warfare facility at <a href="/wiki/Kakinada" title="Kakinada">Kakinada</a>, Andhra Pradesh.<a href="#cite_note-Brand_new_Indian_Navy_with_long_legs_by_2027:_Admiral_Verma-318">[318]</a> Since then, the Indian Navy has initiated Phase II expansion of <a href="/wiki/INS_Kadamba" title="INS Kadamba">INS Kadamba</a>, its third largest naval base, near <a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a>. Phase II will involve expansion of the berthing facilities to accommodate 40–45 more front-line warships, including the aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya, raise manpower to 300 officers and around 2,500 sailors, and build a naval air station with a 6,000-foot runway. This is to be followed by Phase IIA and IIB, at the end of which INS Kadamba will be able to base 50 front-line warships.<a href="#cite_note-Project_Seabird_II_will_generate_more_employment:_Admiral-319">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-INS_Kadamba_Naval_Base,_India-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-Now,_India_has_the_Largest_Naval_Base_East_of_the_Suez_Canal-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-Seabird_phase_II_work_will_start_by_2016:_Naval_officer-322">[322]</a> The Indian Navy is also in the process of constructing a new naval base, <a href="/wiki/INS_Varsha" title="INS Varsha">INS Varsha</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Rambilli" title="Rambilli">Rambilli</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Arihant-class_submarine" title="Arihant-class submarine">Arihant class</a> submarines.<a href="#cite_note-India's_Undersea_Deterrent-323">[323]</a> India's planned second aircraft carrier, <a href="/wiki/INS_Vishal-_Vikrant_class_aircraft_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Vishal- Vikrant class aircraft carrier">INS Vishal</a> (formerly known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier-II), will displace around 65,000 tonnes and is expected to be delivered to the Indian Navy in the mid-2030s. With the future delivery of Vishal, the Navy's goal to have three aircraft carriers in service, with two fully operational carriers and a third in refit, will be achieved.<a href="#cite_note-Confirmed:_India's_Next_Aircraft_Carrier_Will_Be_Nuclear-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-HBL-325">[325]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P17A_Nilgiri_Class_Frigate_Design_of_Indian_Navy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/P17A_Nilgiri_Class_Frigate_Design_of_Indian_Navy.jpg/220px-P17A_Nilgiri_Class_Frigate_Design_of_Indian_Navy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/P17A_Nilgiri_Class_Frigate_Design_of_Indian_Navy.jpg/330px-P17A_Nilgiri_Class_Frigate_Design_of_Indian_Navy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/P17A_Nilgiri_Class_Frigate_Design_of_Indian_Navy.jpg/440px-P17A_Nilgiri_Class_Frigate_Design_of_Indian_Navy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1305" /></a><figcaption>CGI of <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri-class_frigate_(2019)" title="Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)">Nilgiri</a>, class stealth frigates under construction.</figcaption></figure> In November 2011, the Defence Acquisition Council launched the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_Multi-Role_Support_Vessel_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme">Multi-Role Support Vessel</a>. The Indian Navy has subsequently sent out an international RFP for up to 2 large <a href="/wiki/Landing_helicopter_dock" title="Landing helicopter dock">landing helicopter docks</a>. The contenders are expected to tie up with local shipyards for construction of the ships.<a href="#cite_note-Government_gives_green_signal_to_build_worth_over_Rs_20,000_crore-326">[326]</a> In addition to aircraft carriers and large amphibious assault ships, the Indian Navy is acquiring numerous surface combatants such as the <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer">Visakhapatnam-class</a> destroyers, <a href="/wiki/Project_17A-class_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 17A-class frigate">Project 17A-class</a><a href="#cite_note-MoD_gives_nod_to_7_stealth_frigates_worth_Rs_13,000_crore-327">[327]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talwar-class_frigate" title="Talwar-class frigate">Talwar-class</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> frigates, <a href="/wiki/GRSE_Anti_Submarine_Warfare_Shallow_Water_Craft" class="mw-redirect" title="GRSE Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft">ASW shallow water corvettes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MoD_clears_Navy_plans_to_get_16_shallow-water_anti-sub_vessels-329">[329]</a> <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Missile_Vessels" title="Next Generation Missile Vessels">ASuW corvettes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Future_Indian_minehunter_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Indian minehunter class">MCM vessels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India_may_ink_Rs_32,000-cr_deal_for_building_minesweepers_next_month-331">[331]</a> It plans to build <a href="/wiki/Project_18-class_destroyer" title="Project 18-class destroyer">Project 18-class destroyer</a>. New submarine classes under various stages of planning and construction include the <a href="/wiki/Project_75_Alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 75 Alpha">Project 75 Alpha</a>, the conventional <a href="/wiki/Kalvari-class_submarine_(2015)" title="Kalvari-class submarine (2015)">Kalvari class</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_gears_up_to_induct_more_submarines,_warships_in_2017-332">[332]</a> <a href="/wiki/Project_75I-class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 75I-class submarine">Project 75I</a>,<a href="#cite_note-India_finally_kick-starts_'mother_of_all_underwater_defence_deals'_after_10-year_delay-333">[333]</a> and the nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Arihant-class_submarine" title="Arihant-class submarine">Arihant class</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_Soon_To_Be_The_Most_Formidable_Submarine_Force_On_The_Planet!_Here's_What_You_Need_To_Know-334">[334]</a> New auxiliary ships include; five replenishment oilers, a Missile Range Instrumentation Ship (MRIS) and an Ocean Surveillance Ship.<a href="#cite_note-Defence_projects_worth_Rs._21,000_crore_cleared-335">[335]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm/220px--Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm/Matangi_ASV_Transit.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Matangi ASV on autonomous transit</figcaption></figure> In 2024, Sagar Defence Engineering Pvt Ltd demonstrated 850 nautical mile autonomous transit of, Matangi Autonomous Surface Vessel to the Indian Navy. The autonomous transit began from Mumbai and ended at Toothukudi. This demonstration was part of Indian Navy's Swavalamban 2024 self reliance in technology contest to enable the development of autonomous vessels for various military applications.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> These boats are equipped with 12.7mm SRCG gun and is capable of day and night patrolling with speed above 50 knots. 12 such autonomous boats are to be acquired by the Indian Navy and will also be used to patrol Pangong Tso lake. The Indian Navy is also acquiring 30 autonomous underwater vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> The Indian Navy is planning to procure 22 General Atomics <a href="/wiki/Sea_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Guardian">Sea Guardian</a> drones at an estimated cost of $2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:0-338">[338]</a> This is the first instance of General Atomics drones being sold to a non-<a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> military.<a href="#cite_note-:0-338">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_Naval_Ensign">Indian Naval Ensign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Indian Naval Ensign">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Ensign" title="Indian Naval Ensign">Indian Naval Ensign</a></div> The Indian Navy from 1950 to 2001 used a modified version of the British White Ensign, with the Union flag replaced with the Indian Tricolour in the canton. In 2001, this flag was replaced with a white ensign bearing the Indian Navy crest, as the previous ensign was thought to reflect India's colonial past.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_to_change_its_ensign-339">[339]</a> However complaints arose that the new ensign was indistinguishable as the blue of the naval crest easily merged with the sky and the ocean. Hence in 2004, the ensign was changed back to the <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's cross">St. George's cross</a> design, with the addition of the emblem of India in the intersection of the cross. In 2014, the ensign as well as the naval crest was further modified to include the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script: सत्यमेव जयते (<a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a>) which means 'Truth Alone Triumphs' in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Navy_to_launch_Satyameva_Jayate_credo_with_a_new_logo-340">[340]</a> The traditional <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crest</a> of Indian Navy ships is topped by a <a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">crown</a> featuring three <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a> symbolising India's rich <a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">maritime history</a>. The ribbon of the crown depicts the <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra" title="Ashoka Chakra">Ashoka Chakra</a> surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a>. Each ship has a unique <a href="/wiki/Motif_(visual_arts)" title="Motif (visual arts)">motif</a> which is encircled by a ring of <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">lotus</a> <a href="/wiki/Bud" title="Bud">buds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> In August 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office</a> announced that the naval ensign featuring the <a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">Saint George's Cross</a> would be irrevocably disposed of, in favour of a newer design derived from octagonal shaped imperial seal of <a href="/wiki/Shivaji" title="Shivaji">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Navy" title="Maratha Navy">Maratha Navy</a> that would "do away with the colonial past" and reflect the "rich Indian maritime heritage".<a href="#cite_note-New_Ensign-342">[342]</a> The new ensign is slated to be revealed by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> on 2 September 2022, coinciding with the commissioning ceremony of <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS Vikrant</a>, the Indian Navy's first indigenously built <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-New_Ensign-342">[342]</a> The new ensign retains much the design of the 2001-04 ensign with the national flag as the canton, but with the addition of an octagonal navy blue shield based on Shivaji's royal seal surrounding the heraldic arms in gold and the addition of the official motto of the Navy May the Lord of Waters Be Auspicious Unto Us (Shaṁ No Varunaḥ) in the Devanagari script. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documents">Documents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Documents">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Indian Maritime Doctrine</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">2004, 2009, 2014<hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Author</th><td class="infobox-data">Maritime Doctrines and Concepts Centre (MDCC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Headquarters</a>, Ministry of Defence (Navy)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-maritime-doctrine-2015-version">https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-maritime-doctrine-2015-version</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Indian Maritime Doctrine is a foundational primer document of the Indian Navy. Three editions have been published in 2004, 2009 and 2014. It has to be considered along with other foundational documents such as the naval strategy Freedom to Use the Seas (2007) and the updated edition <a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Ensuring Secure Seas</a> (2015).<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> The 2004 edition (INBR 8) was published amidst a larger strategic overhaul in the country. It contains a large number of key words along with their definitions and grouped into a number of sections.<a href="#cite_note-:02-344">[344]</a> Select themes pervade throughout the document.<a href="#cite_note-:02-344">[344]</a> Some themes are subtle such as the ongoing and future transition to a blue-water navy and others are louder such as the text related to nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers.<a href="#cite_note-:02-344">[344]</a> There is justification and explanation for India's need for these transitions and acquisitions.<a href="#cite_note-:02-344">[344]</a> The 2009 edition was updated to include counter-terror, counter-piracy and coordination with other navies in these aspects.<a href="#cite_note-:02-344">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Naval_Symposium" title="Indian Ocean Naval Symposium">Indian Ocean Naval Symposium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Management_and_Analysis_Centre" title="Information Management and Analysis Centre">Information Management and Analysis Centre</a> (IMAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Naval ranks and insignia of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a>, tri-services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">Exclusive economic zone of India</a>, protected by the Indian Navy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">List of ships of the Indian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Naval_accidents" title="List of Indian Naval accidents">List of Indian Naval accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_(football_team)" title="Indian Navy (football team)">Indian Navy Football Team</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> In the year 2009, the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a> created and broadcast a documentary series on the Indian Navy. It was titled Mission Navy<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhatia197728-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhatia197728_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBhatia1977">Bhatia 1977</a>, pp. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiannavy.nic.in/content/genesis-indian-navy">"Genesis of Indian Navy"</a>. Retrieved 8 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genesis+of+Indian+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fgenesis-indian-navy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=192200">"Strength of Defence Forces"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pib.gov.in&rft.atitle=Strength+of+Defence+Forces&rft.date=2019-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2FPressReleasePage.aspx%3FPRID%3D1580095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-size-6"><a href="#cite_ref-size_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutta2020" class="citation web cs1">Dutta, Amrita Nayak (18 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/defence/hit-by-budget-crunch-indian-navy-now-plans-to-buy-2-landing-platform-docks-instead-of-4/546361/">"Hit by budget crunch, Indian Navy now plans to buy 2 Landing Platform Docks instead of 4"</a>. ThePrint. Retrieved 27 November 2020. <q>[...] current strength of 150 ships and submarines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=Hit+by+budget+crunch%2C+Indian+Navy+now+plans+to+buy+2+Landing+Platform+Docks+instead+of+4&rft.date=2020-11-18&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Amrita+Nayak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fdefence%2Fhit-by-budget-crunch-indian-navy-now-plans-to-buy-2-landing-platform-docks-instead-of-4%2F546361%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sizedod-7"><a href="#cite_ref-sizedod_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/faq#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Navy%27s%20present%20force%20level%20comprises%20about%20150%20ships%20and%20submarines.">"FAQ | Department Of Defence"</a>. www.mod.gov.in. Retrieved 27 November 2020. <q>Q 1. What are the current Force Levels of the Indian Navy? [...] Ans. The Indian Navy's present force level comprises about 150 ships and submarines. [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mod.gov.in&rft.atitle=FAQ+%7C+Department+Of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.gov.in%2Fdod%2Ffaq%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Indian%2520Navy%2527s%2520present%2520force%2520level%2520comprises%2520about%2520150%2520ships%2520and%2520submarines.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lindberg-classification-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Lindberg-classification_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Todd-1996" class="citation book cs1">Todd, Daniel; Lindberg, Michael (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=he5KL_tWQvMC">Navies and Shipbuilding Industries: The Strained Symbiosis</a>. 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Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921190102/http://indiannavy.nic.in/node/1402">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Early+History+of+the+Indian+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fnode%2F1402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnes2014" class="citation book cs1">Burnes, Alexander (31 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107589513">Travels into Bokhara</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781107589513">10.1017/cbo9781107589513</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-07546-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-07546-6"><bdi>978-1-108-07546-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+into+Bokhara&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9781107589513&rft.isbn=978-1-108-07546-6&rft.aulast=Burnes&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9781107589513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/Nov/engpdf/39-41.pdf">"Maritime Trade of Ancient Kalinga"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maritime+Trade+of+Ancient+Kalinga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmagazines.odisha.gov.in%2FOrissareview%2F2011%2FNov%2Fengpdf%2F39-41.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindlay200967-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindlay200967_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindlay2009">Findlay 2009</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mathew-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Mathew_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathew1988" class="citation book cs1">Mathew, K. M. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA165">History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600</a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-046-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-046-8"><bdi>978-81-7099-046-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Portuguese+Navigation+in+India%2C+1497-1600&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-046-8&rft.aulast=Mathew&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKl3IR3RJTIEC%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1961" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, Atulchandra (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140736">"Naval Strategy of the Mughals in Bengal"</a>. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 24: 170–175. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2249-1937">2249-1937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140736">44140736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=Naval+Strategy+of+the+Mughals+in+Bengal&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=170-175&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44140736%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2249-1937&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Atulchandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44140736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-18"><a href="#cite_ref-:15_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafdarKhan2021" class="citation journal cs1">Safdar, Aiysha; Khan, Muhammad Azam (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/44/v7_no1_21.html">"History of Indian Ocean-A south Indian perspective"</a>. Journal of Indian Studies. 7 (1): 186–188. <q>The Empress, Mariam Zamani then ordered the building of an even larger ship with 62 guns and placements for over 400 musket men. It was named Ganj-i-Sawai, and it was in its day the most fearsome ship on the seas, and its objective was to trade and take pilgrims to Mecca, and on the way back convert all the goods sold into gold and silver as well as bring the pilgrims back. But then the English, posing as pirates, attacked with a 25-ship armada of alleged pirates. At Mecca, they claimed they were slave traders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indian+Studies&rft.atitle=History+of+Indian+Ocean-A+south+Indian+perspective&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=186-188&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Safdar&rft.aufirst=Aiysha&rft.au=Khan%2C+Muhammad+Azam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpu.edu.pk%2Fhome%2Fjournal%2F44%2Fv7_no1_21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1617497/harking-back-the-empress-and-her-two-doomed-pilgrim-ships">"Harking back: The Empress and her two doomed pilgrim ships"</a>. 11 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harking+back%3A+The+Empress+and+her+two+doomed+pilgrim+ships&rft.date=2021-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1617497%2Fharking-back-the-empress-and-her-two-doomed-pilgrim-ships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindly1988" class="citation journal cs1">Findly, Ellison B. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/603650">"The Capture of Maryam-uz-Zamānī's Ship: Mughal Women and European Traders"</a>. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (2): 227–238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F603650">10.2307/603650</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0279">0003-0279</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/603650">603650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Capture+of+Maryam-uz-Zam%C4%81n%C4%AB%27s+Ship%3A+Mughal+Women+and+European+Traders&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-238&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0003-0279&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F603650%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F603650&rft.aulast=Findly&rft.aufirst=Ellison+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F603650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The trial of Joseph Dawson, Edward Forseith, William May, Wm. Bishop, James Lewis, and John Sparkes, at the Old-Bailey, for felony and piracy". A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors. 13 (392, column 451). 1812.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Complete+Collection+of+State+Trials+and+Proceedings+for+High+Treason+and+Other+Crimes+and+Misdemeanors&rft.atitle=The+trial+of+Joseph+Dawson%2C+Edward+Forseith%2C+William+May%2C+Wm.+Bishop%2C+James+Lewis%2C+and+John+Sparkes%2C+at+the+Old-Bailey%2C+for+felony+and+piracy&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=392%2C+column+451&rft.date=1812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._C._DasIndu_Bhusan_Kar1988" class="citation book cs1">H. C. Das; Indu Bhusan Kar (1988). Pani, Subas (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=im1DAAAAYAAJ&q=nicholson%20bengal%20mughal%2010%20warships">Glimpses of History and Culture of Balasore</a>. Orissa State Museum. p. 66. Retrieved 3 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glimpses+of+History+and+Culture+of+Balasore&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Orissa+State+Museum&rft.date=1988&rft.au=H.+C.+Das&rft.au=Indu+Bhusan+Kar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dim1DAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dnicholson%2520bengal%2520mughal%252010%2520warships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unseen_Enemy_The_English,_Disease,_and_Medicine_in_Colonial_Bengal,_1617-1847-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Unseen_Enemy_The_English,_Disease,_and_Medicine_in_Colonial_Bengal,_1617-1847_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharya2014" class="citation book cs1">Bhattacharya, Sudip (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZJJDAAAQBAJ">Unseen Enemy The English, Disease, and Medicine in Colonial Bengal, 1617-1847</a> (ebook). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781443863094" title="Special:BookSources/9781443863094"><bdi>9781443863094</bdi></a>. 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World History Connected. 12 (1). Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Retrieved 23 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+History+Connected&rft.atitle=Command+of+the+Coast%3A+The+Mughal+Navy+and+Regional+Strategy&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2014-02&rft.aulast=de+la+Garza&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu%2F12.1%2Fforum_delagarza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy_25-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy_25-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_of_Indian_Navy_25-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1410">"Genesis of Indian Navy"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706075113/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/1410">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Genesis+of+Indian+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fnode%2F1410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198645–46-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh198645–46_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1986">Singh 1986</a>, pp. 45–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198632–33-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh198632–33_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1986">Singh 1986</a>, pp. 32–33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198634-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh198634_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1986">Singh 1986</a>, pp. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198637-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh198637_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1986">Singh 1986</a>, pp. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1986142–143-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1986142–143_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1986">Singh 1986</a>, pp. 142–143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1986142-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1986142_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1986">Singh 1986</a>, pp. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh198646–47-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh198646–47_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh1986">Singh 1986</a>, pp. 46–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Navy_List_39-33"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Navy_List_39_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Navy List for August 1939. 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The Hindu. 10 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201231510/http://www.thehindu.com/specials/the-great-yemen-escape-operation-rahat-by-numbers/article7089422.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2017. 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Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803004726/http://indiannavy.nic.in/sites/default/themes/indiannavy/images/pdf/naval-construction-wing.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2016. 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A bold step towards ensuring seamless integration, effective communication and driving the change for a #futureproof #IndianNavy. #IndianNavy #Credible #Cohesive #OurMen #OurPride. https://t.co/ofdRdwnDIg"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220529081630/https://twitter.com/indiannavy/status/1520759285629612033">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2022. 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Military Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731162627/http://www.military-today.com/helicopters/kamov_ka31.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. 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Retrieved 18 July 2017. <q>India and Israel both use "INS" to mean Indian Naval Ship or Israeli Navy Ship.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval+History+and+Heritage+Command&rft.atitle=Ship+Naming+in+the+United+States+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fbrowse-by-topic%2Fheritage%2Fcustoms-and-traditions%2Fship-naming.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tir_Class,_Sail_Ships/Boats,_Sagardhwani_Class-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tir_Class,_Sail_Ships/Boats,_Sagardhwani_Class_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tir_Class,_Sail_Ships/Boats,_Sagardhwani_Class_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tir_Class,_Sail_Ships/Boats,_Sagardhwani_Class_170-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/tir-class-sail-shipsboats-sagardhwani-class">"Tir Class, Sail Ships/Boats, Sagardhwani Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153206/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/tir-class-sail-shipsboats-sagardhwani-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Tir+Class%2C+Sail+Ships%2FBoats%2C+Sagardhwani+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Ftir-class-sail-shipsboats-sagardhwani-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vikramaditya,_Vikrant,_Delhi_Class,_Rajput_Class,_Kolkata_Class-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vikramaditya,_Vikrant,_Delhi_Class,_Rajput_Class,_Kolkata_Class_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vikramaditya,_Vikrant,_Delhi_Class,_Rajput_Class,_Kolkata_Class_171-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vikramaditya,_Vikrant,_Delhi_Class,_Rajput_Class,_Kolkata_Class_171-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154754/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class">"Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class"</a>. Indian Navy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/vikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class">the original</a> on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Vikramaditya%2C+Viraat%2C+Delhi+Class%2C+Rajput+Class%2C+Kolkata+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fvikramaditya-viraat-delhi-class-rajput-class-kolkata-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INS_Viraat_Decommissioned-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INS_Viraat_Decommissioned_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-INS_Viraat_Decommissioned_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-viraat-decommissioned">"INS Viraat Decommissioned"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731160452/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-viraat-decommissioned">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=INS+Viraat+Decommissioned&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fins-viraat-decommissioned&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Austin_Class,_Shardul_Cass,_Magar_Class-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Austin_Class,_Shardul_Cass,_Magar_Class_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austin_Class,_Shardul_Cass,_Magar_Class_173-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Austin_Class,_Shardul_Cass,_Magar_Class_173-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/austin-class-shardul-cass-magar-class">"Austin Class, Shardul Cass, Magar Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151637/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/austin-class-shardul-cass-magar-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Austin+Class%2C+Shardul+Cass%2C+Magar+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Faustin-class-shardul-cass-magar-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kumbhir_Class,_LCU_(MK-3)_Class-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kumbhir_Class,_LCU_(MK-3)_Class_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kumbhir_Class,_LCU_(MK-3)_Class_174-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154710/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kumbhir-class-lcu-mk-3-class">"Kumbhir Class, LCU (MK-3) Class"</a>. Indian Navy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kumbhir-class-lcu-mk-3-class">the original</a> on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Kumbhir+Class%2C+LCU+%28MK-3%29+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fkumbhir-class-lcu-mk-3-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class_175-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class_175-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shivalik_Class,_Talwar_Class,_Kamorta_Class_175-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/shivalik-class-talwar-class-kamorta-class">"Shivalik Class, Talwar Class, Kamorta Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154548/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/shivalik-class-talwar-class-kamorta-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Shivalik+Class%2C+Talwar+Class%2C+Kamorta+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fshivalik-class-talwar-class-kamorta-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brahmaputra_Class,_Godavari_Class-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Brahmaputra_Class,_Godavari_Class_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/brahmaputra-class-godavari-class">"Brahmaputra Class, Godavari Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731154924/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/brahmaputra-class-godavari-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Brahmaputra+Class%2C+Godavari+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fbrahmaputra-class-godavari-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kora_Class,_Khukri_Class-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kora_Class,_Khukri_Class_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kora_Class,_Khukri_Class_177-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kora-class-khukri-class">"Kora Class, Khukri Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153200/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/kora-class-khukri-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Kora+Class%2C+Khukri+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fkora-class-khukri-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Veer_Class,_Abhay_Class-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Veer_Class,_Abhay_Class_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Veer_Class,_Abhay_Class_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/veer-class-abhay-class">"Veer Class, Abhay Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151626/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/veer-class-abhay-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Veer+Class%2C+Abhay+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fveer-class-abhay-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Navy_Corvettes_INS_Veer_And_Nipat_Decommissioned_After_29_and_28_Years_Of_Service_To_The_Nation-179"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Navy_Corvettes_INS_Veer_And_Nipat_Decommissioned_After_29_and_28_Years_Of_Service_To_The_Nation_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurabhi_Nijhawan2016" class="citation web cs1">Surabhi Nijhawan (28 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/indian-navy-corvettes-ins-veer-and-nipat-decommissioned-after-29-and-28-years-of-service-to-the-nation-254218.html">"Indian Navy Corvettes INS Veer And Nipat Decommissioned After 29 and 28 Years of Service to the Nation"</a>. India Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151456/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/indian-navy-corvettes-ins-veer-and-nipat-decommissioned-after-29-and-28-years-of-service-to-the-nation-254218.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Times&rft.atitle=Indian+Navy+Corvettes+INS+Veer+And+Nipat+Decommissioned+After+29+and+28+Years+of+Service+to+the+Nation&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.au=Surabhi+Nijhawan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Findian-navy-corvettes-ins-veer-and-nipat-decommissioned-after-29-and-28-years-of-service-to-the-nation-254218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sukanya_Class,_Saryu_Class,_Karwar_Class-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Sukanya_Class,_Saryu_Class,_Karwar_Class_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sukanya-class-saryu-class-karwar-class">"Sukanya Class, Saryu Class, Karwar Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731185745/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sukanya-class-saryu-class-karwar-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Sukanya+Class%2C+Saryu+Class%2C+Karwar+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fsukanya-class-saryu-class-karwar-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleet_Tankers,_Torpedo_Recovery_Vessels,_Ocean_Going_Tugs,_Nireekshak_Class-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fleet_Tankers,_Torpedo_Recovery_Vessels,_Ocean_Going_Tugs,_Nireekshak_Class_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleet_Tankers,_Torpedo_Recovery_Vessels,_Ocean_Going_Tugs,_Nireekshak_Class_181-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleet_Tankers,_Torpedo_Recovery_Vessels,_Ocean_Going_Tugs,_Nireekshak_Class_181-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/fleet-tankers-torpedo-recovery-vessels-ocean-going-tugs-nireekshak-class">"Fleet Tankers, Torpedo Recovery Vessels, Ocean Going Tugs, Nireekshak Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153154/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/fleet-tankers-torpedo-recovery-vessels-ocean-going-tugs-nireekshak-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Fleet+Tankers%2C+Torpedo+Recovery+Vessels%2C+Ocean+Going+Tugs%2C+Nireekshak+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Ffleet-tankers-torpedo-recovery-vessels-ocean-going-tugs-nireekshak-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandhayak_Class,_Makar_Class-182"><a href="#cite_ref-Sandhayak_Class,_Makar_Class_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sandhayak-class-makar-class">"Sandhayak Class, Makar Class"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731151020/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/sandhayak-class-makar-class">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Sandhayak+Class%2C+Makar+Class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fsandhayak-class-makar-class&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trinket_Class,_Super_Dvora_II_Class,_Bangaram_Class,_Car_Nicobar_Class,_Immediate_Support_Vessels-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Trinket_Class,_Super_Dvora_II_Class,_Bangaram_Class,_Car_Nicobar_Class,_Immediate_Support_Vessels_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/trinket-class-super-dvora-ii-class-bangaram-class-car-nicobar-class-immediate-support">"Trinket Class, Super Dvora II Class, Bangaram Class, Car Nicobar Class, Immediate Support Vessels"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731155125/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/trinket-class-super-dvora-ii-class-bangaram-class-car-nicobar-class-immediate-support">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Trinket+Class%2C+Super+Dvora+II+Class%2C+Bangaram+Class%2C+Car+Nicobar+Class%2C+Immediate+Support+Vessels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Ftrinket-class-super-dvora-ii-class-bangaram-class-car-nicobar-class-immediate-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India's_first_homegrown_aircraft_carrier_puts_it_among_world's_naval_elites-184"><a href="#cite_ref-India's_first_homegrown_aircraft_carrier_puts_it_among_world's_naval_elites_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2022/09/02/asia/india-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-commissioned-intl-hnk-ml/index.html">"India's first homegrown aircraft carrier puts it among world's naval elites"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 2 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=India%27s+first+homegrown+aircraft+carrier+puts+it+among+world%27s+naval+elites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.cnn.com%2Fcnn%2F2022%2F09%2F02%2Fasia%2Findia-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-commissioned-intl-hnk-ml%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INS_Visakhapatnam',_First_Ship_of_Project_15B_launched-185"><a href="#cite_ref-INS_Visakhapatnam',_First_Ship_of_Project_15B_launched_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034817/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/news-events/ins-visakhapatnam-first-ship-project-15b-launched">"INS Visakhapatnam', First Ship of Project 15B launched"</a>. Indian Navy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/news-events/ins-visakhapatnam-first-ship-project-15b-launched">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiannavy.nic.in/ion.htm">the original</a> on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=INDIAN+OCEAN+NAVAL+SYMPOSIUM+%28IONS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiannavy.nic.in%2Fion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INDIAN_NAVY_SHIPS_DOCK_IN_HAIFA_PORT_AHEAD_OF_HISTORICAL_VISIT_BY_INDIAN_PM-289"><a href="#cite_ref-INDIAN_NAVY_SHIPS_DOCK_IN_HAIFA_PORT_AHEAD_OF_HISTORICAL_VISIT_BY_INDIAN_PM_289-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANNA_AHRONHEIM2017" class="citation web cs1">ANNA AHRONHEIM (10 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Indian-Navy-ships-dock-in-Haifa-port-ahead-of-historical-visit-by-Indian-PM-490336">"INDIAN NAVY SHIPS DOCK IN HAIFA PORT AHEAD OF HISTORICAL VISIT BY INDIAN PM"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724173959/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Indian-Navy-ships-dock-in-Haifa-port-ahead-of-historical-visit-by-Indian-PM-490336">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=INDIAN+NAVY+SHIPS+DOCK+IN+HAIFA+PORT+AHEAD+OF+HISTORICAL+VISIT+BY+INDIAN+PM&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft.au=ANNA+AHRONHEIM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FIndian-Navy-ships-dock-in-Haifa-port-ahead-of-historical-visit-by-Indian-PM-490336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Navy:_INS_Brahmaputra_on_Goodwill_Visit_to_Israel-290"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Navy:_INS_Brahmaputra_on_Goodwill_Visit_to_Israel_290-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinebuzz.com/2009/06/02/indian-navy-ins-brahmaputra-on-goodwill-visit-to-israel/">"Indian Navy: INS Brahmaputra on Goodwill Visit to Israel"</a>. Marine Buzz. 2 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801114001/http://www.marinebuzz.com/2009/06/02/indian-navy-ins-brahmaputra-on-goodwill-visit-to-israel/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marine+Buzz&rft.atitle=Indian+Navy%3A+INS+Brahmaputra+on+Goodwill+Visit+to+Israel&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinebuzz.com%2F2009%2F06%2F02%2Findian-navy-ins-brahmaputra-on-goodwill-visit-to-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INS_Trikand_visits_Istanbul,_Turkey-291"><a href="#cite_ref-INS_Trikand_visits_Istanbul,_Turkey_291-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-trikand-visits-istanbulturkey">"INS Trikand visits Istanbul, Turkey"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801113610/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-trikand-visits-istanbulturkey">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=INS+Trikand+visits+Istanbul%2C+Turkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fins-trikand-visits-istanbulturkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Warships_visit_Alexandria,_Egypt-292"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Warships_visit_Alexandria,_Egypt_292-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-warships-visit-alexandria-egypt">"Indian Warships visit Alexandria, Egypt"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801123030/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-warships-visit-alexandria-egypt">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Indian+Warships+visit+Alexandria%2C+Egypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Findian-warships-visit-alexandria-egypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Warships_on_Overseas_Deployment:_Visit_Souda_Bay,_Greece-293"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Warships_on_Overseas_Deployment:_Visit_Souda_Bay,_Greece_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=161108">"Indian Warships on Overseas Deployment: Visit Souda Bay, Greece"</a>. Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Defence. 18 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170419101349/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=161108">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2017. 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Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130141/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-naval-ships-visit-phuket-thailand">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. 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Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801121824/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/eastern-fleet-ships-overseas-deployment-indonesia">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Eastern+Fleet+Ships+on+Overseas+Deployment+to+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Feastern-fleet-ships-overseas-deployment-indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naval_Ships_visit_Freemantle_(Perth),_Australia-296"><a href="#cite_ref-Naval_Ships_visit_Freemantle_(Perth),_Australia_296-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/naval-ships-visit-freemantle-perth-australia">"Naval Ships visit Freemantle (Perth), Australia"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801122338/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/naval-ships-visit-freemantle-perth-australia">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Naval+Ships+visit+Freemantle+%28Perth%29%2C+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fnaval-ships-visit-freemantle-perth-australia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INS_Sumitra_visits_Auckland,_New_Zealand_for_International_Naval_Review_2016-297"><a href="#cite_ref-INS_Sumitra_visits_Auckland,_New_Zealand_for_International_Naval_Review_2016_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-sumitra-visits-auckland-new-zealand-international-naval-review-2016">"INS Sumitra visits Auckland, New Zealand for International Naval Review 2016"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801125836/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-sumitra-visits-auckland-new-zealand-international-naval-review-2016">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=INS+Sumitra+visits+Auckland%2C+New+Zealand+for+International+Naval+Review+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fins-sumitra-visits-auckland-new-zealand-international-naval-review-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_–_Tonga_Relations-298"><a href="#cite_ref-India_–_Tonga_Relations_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Tonga_15_01_2016.pdf">"India – Tonga Relations"</a> (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. Government of India. 15 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429070313/http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Tonga_15_01_2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+External+Affairs&rft.atitle=India+%E2%80%93+Tonga+Relations&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mea.gov.in%2FPortal%2FForeignRelation%2FTonga_15_01_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Western_Fleet_Ships_visit_South_Africa-299"><a href="#cite_ref-Western_Fleet_Ships_visit_South_Africa_299-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/15546">"Western Fleet Ships visit South Africa"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801125934/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/node/15546">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Western+Fleet+Ships+visit+South+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fnode%2F15546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Visit_of_Indian_Warships_to_Mombasa,_Kenya-300"><a href="#cite_ref-Visit_of_Indian_Warships_to_Mombasa,_Kenya_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/visit-indian-warships-mombasa-kenya">"Visit of Indian Warships to Mombasa, Kenya"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801120236/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/visit-indian-warships-mombasa-kenya">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Visit+of+Indian+Warships+to+Mombasa%2C+Kenya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fvisit-indian-warships-mombasa-kenya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Qatar-301"><a href="#cite_ref-Warships_on_visit_to_Qatar_301-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-qatar">"Warships on visit to Qatar"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801130409/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-qatar">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Warships+on+visit+to+Qatar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fwarships-visit-qatar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Oman-302"><a href="#cite_ref-Warships_on_visit_to_Oman_302-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-oman">"Warships on visit to Oman"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801122935/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-oman">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Warships+on+visit+to+Oman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fwarships-visit-oman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indian_Navy's_Western_fleet_ships_visit_United_Arab_Emirates-303"><a href="#cite_ref-Indian_Navy's_Western_fleet_ships_visit_United_Arab_Emirates_303-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy%E2%80%99s-western-fleet-ships-visit-united-arab-emirates">"Indian Navy's Western fleet ships visit United Arab Emirates"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801125825/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/indian-navy%E2%80%99s-western-fleet-ships-visit-united-arab-emirates">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Indian+Navy%27s+Western+fleet+ships+visit+United+Arab+Emirates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Findian-navy%25E2%2580%2599s-western-fleet-ships-visit-united-arab-emirates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Bahrain-304"><a href="#cite_ref-Warships_on_visit_to_Bahrain_304-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-bahrain">"Warships on visit to Bahrain"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801121132/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-bahrain">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Warships+on+visit+to+Bahrain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fwarships-visit-bahrain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warships_on_visit_to_Kuwait-305"><a href="#cite_ref-Warships_on_visit_to_Kuwait_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-kuwait">"Warships on visit to Kuwait"</a>. Indian Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801124723/https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/warships-visit-kuwait">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Navy&rft.atitle=Warships+on+visit+to+Kuwait&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiannavy.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fwarships-visit-kuwait&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INS_Tarangini-306"><a href="#cite_ref-INS_Tarangini_306-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901095009/http://indiannavy.nic.in/tarangani_home.htm">"INS Tarangini"</a>. Indian Navy. 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Retrieved 3 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=MoD+gives+nod+to+7+stealth+frigates+worth+Rs+13%2C000+crore&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FMoD-gives-nod-to-7-stealth-frigates-worth-Rs-13000-crore%2Farticleshow%2F51367348.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit2018" class="citation news cs1">Pandit, Rajat (20 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-russia-ink-deal-for-construction-of-two-guided-missile-stealth-frigates/articleshow/66711542.cms">"India, Russia ink $500 million deal for construction of two guided-missile stealth frigates - Times of India"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asian+Age&rft.atitle=Indian+Navy+gears+up+to+induct+more+submarines%2C+warships+in+2017&rft.date=2017-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianage.com%2Fmetros%2Fmumbai%2F020117%2Findian-navy-gears-up-to-induct-more-submarines-warships-in-2017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_finally_kick-starts_'mother_of_all_underwater_defence_deals'_after_10-year_delay-333"><a href="#cite_ref-India_finally_kick-starts_'mother_of_all_underwater_defence_deals'_after_10-year_delay_333-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajat_Pandit2017" class="citation web cs1">Rajat Pandit (24 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/59731896.cms">"India finally kick-starts 'mother of all underwater defence deals' after 10-year delay"</a>. 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The Hindu. 19 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828013553/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/defence-projects-worth-rs-21000-crore-cleared/article6229070.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Defence+projects+worth+Rs.+21%2C000+crore+cleared&rft.date=2014-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fdefence-projects-worth-rs-21000-crore-cleared%2Farticle6229070.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiashippingnews.com/autonomous-surface-vessel-completes-1500-km-voyage-from-mumbai-to-thoothukudi/">"Autonomous surface vessel completes 1,500-km voyage from Mumbai to Thoothukudi - India Shipping News"</a>. 8 November 2024. 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Retrieved 2 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Indian+Navy+to+finally+include+Satyameva+Jayate+below+national+emblem+on+its+flag+and+crest&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft.au=Gautum+Datt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fnorth%2Fstory%2Findian-navy-correct-anomaly-satyameva-jayate-pranab-mukherjee-aamir-khan-202857-2014-08-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indian-navy-gets-new-deadly-submarine-ins-vela-gets-commissioned/2375891/">"Indian Navy gets new deadly submarine! INS Vela gets commissioned"</a>. The Financial Express. 25 November 2021. 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Christian Bueger's Matrix of Maritime Security Approach"</a> (PDF). Polish Political Science Yearbook. 49 (4). University of Warsaw (Poland): 113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15804%2Fppsy2020407">10.15804/ppsy2020407</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234432658">234432658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polish+Political+Science+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Indian+and+Australian+Maritime+Security+Doctrines+in+the+Indian+Ocean+Region+in+the+21st+Century.+Christian+Bueger%27s+Matrix+of+Maritime+Security+Approach&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=113&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15804%2Fppsy2020407&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234432658%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=%C5%81ukaszuk&rft.aufirst=Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fczasopisma.marszalek.com.pl%2Fimages%2Fpliki%2Fppsy%2F49-4%2Fppsy2020407.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-344">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_344-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_344-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_344-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_344-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_344-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Aaron P (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/PIAMA33.pdf">Keystone Doctrine Development in Five Commonwealth Navies: A Comparative Perspective</a> (PDF). 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Sea Power Centre. pp. 31–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-642-29730-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-642-29730-3"><bdi>978-0-642-29730-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1327-5658">1327-5658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keystone+Doctrine+Development+in+Five+Commonwealth+Navies%3A+A+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pages=31-44&rft.pub=Sea+Power+Centre&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=1327-5658&rft.isbn=978-0-642-29730-3&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Aaron+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navy.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FPIAMA33.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/nat-geo-joins-hands-with-indian-navy-for-nat-geo-mission-navylehron-ke-sartaj-32573.html">"Nat Geo joins hands with Indian Navy for 'Nat Geo Mission Navy: Lehron ke Sartaj'"</a>. Retrieved 31 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nat+Geo+joins+hands+with+Indian+Navy+for+%27Nat+Geo+Mission+Navy%3A+Lehron+ke+Sartaj%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exchange4media.com%2Fmedia-tv-news%2Fnat-geo-joins-hands-with-indian-navy-for-nat-geo-mission-navylehron-ke-sartaj-32573.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster2014" class="citation cs2">Brewster, David (2014), India's Ocean: The Story of India's Bid for Regional Leadership, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317806-98-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317806-98-1"><bdi>978-1-317806-98-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Ocean%3A+The+Story+of+India%27s+Bid+for+Regional+Leadership&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317806-98-1&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlay2009" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Findlay" title="Ronald Findlay">Findlay, Ronald</a> (2009), Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-400831-88-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-400831-88-3"><bdi>978-1-400831-88-3</bdi></a></cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transition+to+Triumph%3A+History+of+the+Indian+Navy%2C+1965%E2%80%931975&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers+LLC&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-897829-72-1&rft.aulast=Hiranandani&rft.aufirst=Gulab+Mohanlal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavy2016" class="citation cs2">Navy, India (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913180321/http://www.maritimeheritageofindia.com/scroll/book/maritime-heritage-of-india-english/">Maritime Heritage of India</a>, Notion Press-Indian Navy, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-352069-17-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-352069-17-0"><bdi>978-9-352069-17-0</bdi></a>, archived from <a 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(identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935501-66-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935501-66-4"><bdi>978-1-935501-66-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transition+to+Guardianship%3A+The+Indian+Navy%2C+1991%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers+LLC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-935501-66-4&rft.aulast=Hiranandani&rft.aufirst=Gulab+Mohanlal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sqrfAAAAMAAJ&q=Exercise+TROPEX">Annual Report</a>, Government of India, Ministry of Defence, 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report&rft.pub=Government+of+India%2C+Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsqrfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DExercise%2BTROPEX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2011" class="citation cs2">Scott, David (2011), Handbook of India's International Relations, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136811-31-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136811-31-9"><bdi>978-1-136811-31-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+India%27s+International+Relations&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-136811-31-9&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen1999" class="citation cs2">Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999), Ancient Indian History and Civilization, New Age International, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-122411-98-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-122411-98-0"><bdi>978-8-122411-98-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+and+Civilization&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-8-122411-98-0&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Sailendra+Nath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2015" class="citation cs2">Shah, S K (2015), India and China: The Battle between Soft and Hard Power, Vij Books India, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-385505-28-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-385505-28-7"><bdi>978-9-385505-28-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+China%3A+The+Battle+between+Soft+and+Hard+Power&rft.pub=Vij+Books+India&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9-385505-28-7&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=S+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1986" class="citation cs2">Singh, Rear Admiral Satyindra (1986), Under two ensigns: the Indian Navy, 1945–1950, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-120400-94-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-120400-94-8"><bdi>978-8-120400-94-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Under+two+ensigns%3A+the+Indian+Navy%2C+1945%E2%80%931950&rft.pub=Oxford+%26+IBH+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-8-120400-94-8&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Rear+Admiral+Satyindra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1992" class="citation cs2">Singh, Rear Admiral Satyindra (1992), Blueprint to Bluewater: the Indian Navy, 1951–65, Lancer International, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-170621-48-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-170621-48-5"><bdi>978-8-170621-48-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blueprint+to+Bluewater%3A+the+Indian+Navy%2C+1951%E2%80%9365&rft.pub=Lancer+International&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-8-170621-48-5&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Rear+Admiral+Satyindra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2009" class="citation cs2">Stewart, William (2009), Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present, McFarland, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786438-09-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786438-09-9"><bdi>978-0-786438-09-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Admirals+of+the+World%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary%2C+1500+to+the+Present&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-786438-09-9&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatia1977" class="citation cs2">Bhatia, Harbans Singh (1977), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC">Military History of British India, 1607-1947</a>, Deep & Deep publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184500790" title="Special:BookSources/9788184500790"><bdi>9788184500790</bdi></a>, retrieved 24 November 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+History+of+British+India%2C+1607-1947&rft.pub=Deep+%26+Deep+publications&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9788184500790&rft.aulast=Bhatia&rft.aufirst=Harbans+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrjr7P2HMfkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Navy" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Navy&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Indian_Navy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiannavy.nic.in/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356359#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_India" title="Template:Military of India"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_India" title="Template talk:Military of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of India"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/18px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/27px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/36px-Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(India)" title="National Security Advisor (India)">National Security Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Vice Chief of Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_Armed_Forces_Medical_Services_(India)" title="Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)">Director General Armed Forces Medical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">Serving generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">Serving admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">Serving marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ministry and committees/councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Department of Defence Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ex-servicemen_Welfare" title="Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare">Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Standing Committee on Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Planning_Committee" title="Defence Planning Committee">Defence Planning Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Joint_warfare" title="Joint warfare">Joint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_Tri-Service_Commands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands">Integrated Theatre Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Northern Theatre Command (India)">Northern Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Western Theatre Command (India)">Western Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Theatre_Command" title="Maritime Theatre Command">Maritime Theatre Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command" title="Army Training Command">Army Training Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_India" title="Special forces of India">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></li> <li>Ranks and insignia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of India">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard#Rank_insignia" title="Indian Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation#Ranks" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India#Ranks_and_insignia" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and Decorations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_India" title="List of military operations of India">Operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Naval War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Air_Operations_(1971)" title="East Pakistan Air Operations (1971)">Air War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamb">Battle of Chamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation Trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus-Lilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus-Lilly">Operation Cactus-Lilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">External conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%932002_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" title="2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff">Operation Parakram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmish" title="2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Sino-Indian border skirmish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumdorong_Chu_standoff" title="Sumdorong Chu standoff">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Nathu La and Cho La clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">Doklam standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt">Operation Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_airlift_of_Indians_from_Kuwait" title="1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait">Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation Raahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devi_Shakti" title="Operation Devi Shakti">Operation Devi Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Annexations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Operation Polo (Hyderabad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Operation Vijay (Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Junagadh" title="Annexation of Junagadh">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" title="Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insurgencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation Blue Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation Woodrose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_operations_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir">Counter-insurgency operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">LOC surgical strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factory Board">Ordnance Factory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_military_missiles" title="List of Indian military missiles">Ballistic missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Indian Army">List of equipment of the Indian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">Historical Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">Active Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">Historical Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">Aircraft Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Indian Maritime Security Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Indian Armed Forces">Women in the Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Flag_Day" title="Armed Forces Flag Day">Armed Forces Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Tribunal" title="Armed Forces Tribunal">Armed Forces Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_rank_flags" title="Indian Armed Forces rank flags">Indian Armed Forces rank flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_military_bands" title="Indian military bands">Indian military bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti" title="Amar Jawan Jyoti">Amar Jawan Jyoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_India" title="Category:Military of India">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Army" title="Category:Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Navy" title="Category:Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Air_Force" title="Category:Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Indian_Navy" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Navy" title="Template:Indian Navy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Navy" title="Template talk:Indian Navy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Navy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Indian_Navy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, 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Indian Navy">FOCs-in-C (Naval Commanders)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">DCNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Personnel_(Indian_Navy)" title="Chief of Personnel (Indian Navy)">COP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Materiel_(Indian_Navy)" title="Chief of Materiel (Indian Navy)">COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_Project_Seabird" title="Director General Project Seabird">DG Seabird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Western_Fleet" title="Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet">FOCWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Eastern_Fleet" title="Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet">FOCEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Maharashtra_Naval_Area" title="Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area">FOMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Gujarat_Naval_Area" title="Flag Officer Commanding Gujarat Naval Area">FOGNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Karnataka_Naval_Area" title="Flag Officer Commanding Karnataka Naval Area">FOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Commanding_Tamil_Nadu_%26_Puducherry_Naval_Area" title="Flag Officer Commanding Tamil Nadu & Puducherry Naval Area">FOTNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Defence_Advisory_Group" title="Flag Officer Defence Advisory Group">FODAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Submarines_(India)" title="Flag Officer Submarines (India)">FOSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Officer_Sea_Training_(India)" title="Flag Officer Sea Training (India)">FOST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">ACNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">Serving admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Master_Chief_Petty_Officer" title="Navy Master Chief Petty Officer">Navy MCPO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components and Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Naval_Commands" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Naval Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Joint</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fleets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Fleet_(India)" title="Western Fleet (India)">Western Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Fleet_(India)" title="Eastern Fleet (India)">Eastern Fleet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Navy_bases" title="List of Indian Navy bases">Bases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">New Delhi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INS_India" title="INS India">INS India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INS_Dwarka" title="INS Dwarka">INS Dwarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Sardar_Patel" title="INS Sardar Patel">INS Sardar Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Kadamba" title="INS Kadamba">INS Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Vajrakosh" title="INS Vajrakosh">INS Vajrakosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INHS_Patanjali" title="INHS Patanjali">INHS Patanjali</a></li> <li>INS Gomantak</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Hansa" title="INS Hansa">INS Hansa</a></li> <li>INHS Jeevanti</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Angre" title="INS Angre">INS Angre</a></li> <li>INS Abhimanyu</li> <li>INS Agnibahu</li> <li>INHS Asvini</li> <li>INS Kunjali</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Shikra" title="INS Shikra">INS Shikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Tanaji" title="INS Tanaji">INS Tanaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Trata" title="INS Trata">INS Trata</a></li> <li>INS Tunir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Vajrabahu" title="INS Vajrabahu">INS Vajrabahu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INS_Dweeprakshak" title="INS Dweeprakshak">INS Dweeprakshak</a></li> <li>INS Minicoy</li> <li>INS Androth</li> <li>INS Bitra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Garuda" title="INS Garuda">INS Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INHS_Sanjivani" title="INHS Sanjivani">INHS Sanjivani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Venduruthy" title="INS Venduruthy">INS Venduruthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Dronacharya" title="INS Dronacharya">INS Dronacharya</a></li> <li>INS Chilka</li> <li>INHS Nivrani</li> <li>INS Mandovi</li> <li>INS Hamla</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Shivaji" title="INS Shivaji">INS Shivaji</a></li> <li>INHS Kasturi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Valsura" title="INS Valsura">INS Valsura</a></li> <li>INS Agrani</li> <li>INS Zamorin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Satavahana" title="INS Satavahana">INS Satavahana</a></li> <li>INS Vishwakarma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Jatayu" title="INS Jatayu">INS Jatayu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>INS Circars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Dega" title="INS Dega">INS Dega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Virbahu" title="INS Virbahu">INS Virbahu</a></li> <li>INHS Kalyani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Kalinga" title="INS Kalinga">INS Kalinga</a></li> <li>INS Eksila</li> <li>INS Karna</li> <li>INS Adyar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Rajali" title="INS Rajali">INS Rajali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Parundu" title="INS Parundu">INS Parundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Kattabomman" title="INS Kattabomman">INS Kattabomman</a></li> <li>INS Tuticorin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Netaji_Subhas" title="INS Netaji Subhas">INS Netaji Subhash</a></li> <li>INS Paradip</li> <li>INS Bhubaneswar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Varsha" title="INS Varsha">INS Varsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INS_Kardip" title="INS Kardip">INS Kardip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Jarawa" title="INS Jarawa">INS Jarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Utkrosh" title="INS Utkrosh">INS Utkrosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Baaz" title="INS Baaz">INS Baaz</a></li> <li>INHS Dhanvantari</li> <li>INS Campbell Bay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Kohassa" title="INS Kohassa">INS Kohassa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">List of Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Indian Navy">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_naval_air_squadrons" title="List of Indian naval air squadrons">Aircraft Squadrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_300" title="INAS 300">300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_303" title="INAS 303">303</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Airborne Early Warning (AEW)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_339" title="INAS 339">339</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Anti-submarine (ASW)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_330" title="INAS 330">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_333" title="INAS 333">333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_336" title="INAS 336">336</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_342" title="INAS 342">342</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_343" title="INAS 343">343</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_344" title="INAS 344">344</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Maritime patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_312" title="INAS 312">312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_315" title="INAS 315">315</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_318" title="INAS 318">318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_550" title="INAS 550">550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_313" title="INAS 313">313</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Electronic Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_310" title="INAS 310">310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_311" title="INAS 311">311</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Multirole helicopter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_322" title="INAS 322">322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_323" title="INAS 323">323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_334" title="INAS 334">334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_350" title="INAS 350">350</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Search & Rescue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_321" title="INAS 321">321</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INAS_551" title="INAS 551">551</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_552" title="INAS 552">552</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INAS_561" title="INAS 561">561</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Education & Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College (India)">Armed Forces Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Military_School" title="Ajmer Military School">Ajmer Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Military_School" title="Bangalore Military School">Bangalore Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Military_School" title="Belgaum Military School">Belgaum Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chail_Military_School" title="Chail Military School">Chail Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_Military_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur Military School">Dholpur Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Schools & Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa" title="Naval War College, Goa">Naval War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tri-Service Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College_(India)" title="National Defence College (India)">National Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology" title="Military Institute of Technology">Military Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Ranks and insignia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India#Officer_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Officers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India#Other_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">JCOs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_India#Other_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of India">Sailors</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Documents">Indian Maritime Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Indian Maritime Security Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History & Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="History of the Indian Navy">History of the Indian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Indian maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy" title="Royal Indian Navy">Royal Indian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Day_(India)" title="Navy Day (India)">Navy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Ensign" title="Indian Naval Ensign">Indian Naval Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Naval_deployments" title="List of Indian Naval deployments">List of Indian Naval deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagar_Pawan" title="Sagar Pawan">Sagar Pawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future of the Indian Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Navy" title="Category:Indian Navy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ship_classes_of_the_Indian_Navy" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ship_classes_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Template:Ship classes of the Indian Navy"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ship_classes_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Template talk:Ship classes of the Indian Navy"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ship_classes_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ship classes of the Indian Navy"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ship_classes_of_the_Indian_Navy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ship classes of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Navy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(1961)" title="INS Vikrant (1961)">Vikrant (1961)</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Viraat" title="INS Viraat">Viraat</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">Vikramaditya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">Vikrant (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Vishal" title="INS Vishal">Vishal</a> **</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="19" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/70px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/106px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/140px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of destroyers of India">Destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunt-class_destroyer" title="Hunt-class destroyer">Hunt</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_and_R-class_destroyer" title="Q and R-class destroyer">Q and R</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput-class_destroyer" title="Rajput-class destroyer">Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi-class_destroyer" title="Delhi-class destroyer">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata-class_destroyer" title="Kolkata-class destroyer">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer">Visakhapatnam</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_18-class_destroyer" title="Project 18-class destroyer">Project 18</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_frigates_of_India" title="List of frigates of India">Frigates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River-class_frigate" title="River-class frigate">River</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwood-class_frigate" title="Blackwood-class frigate">Blackwood</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitby-class_frigate" title="Whitby-class frigate">Whitby</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard-class_frigate" title="Leopard-class frigate">Leopard</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri-class_frigate_(1972)" title="Nilgiri-class frigate (1972)">Nilgiri</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavari-class_frigate" title="Godavari-class frigate">Godavari</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra-class_frigate" title="Brahmaputra-class frigate">Brahmaputra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talwar-class_frigate" title="Talwar-class frigate">Talwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivalik-class_frigate" title="Shivalik-class frigate">Shivalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri-class_frigate_(2019)" title="Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)">Nilgiri</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_17B-class_frigate" title="Project 17B-class frigate">Project 17B</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvettes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst-class_corvette" title="Bathurst-class corvette">Bathurst</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnala-class_corvette" title="Arnala-class corvette">Arnala</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durg-class_corvette" title="Durg-class corvette">Durg</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer-class_corvette" title="Veer-class corvette">Veer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhay-class_corvette" title="Abhay-class corvette">Abhay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khukri-class_corvette" title="Khukri-class corvette">Khukri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kora-class_corvette" title="Kora-class corvette">Kora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamorta-class_corvette" title="Kamorta-class corvette">Kamorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_Submarine_Warfare_Shallow_Water_Craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft">ASW-SWC</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Missile_Vessels" title="Next Generation Missile Vessels">Next Generation Missile Vessels</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fast_attack_craft" title="Fast attack craft">Fast attack craft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidyut-class_missile_boat" title="Vidyut-class missile boat">Vidyut</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamak-class_missile_boat" title="Chamak-class missile boat">Chamak</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Fast_Attack_Crafts" title="Next Generation Fast Attack Crafts">NGFAC</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">Nuclear submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">Attack</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie-class_submarine" title="Charlie-class submarine">Charlie</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akula-class_submarine#Akula-II_.28project_971U.29" title="Akula-class submarine">Akula-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_75_Alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 75 Alpha">Indian SSN</a> *</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">Ballistic missile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arihant-class_submarine" title="Arihant-class submarine">Arihant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S5-class_submarine" title="S5-class submarine">S5</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Conventional submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalvari-class_submarine_(1967)" title="Kalvari-class submarine (1967)">Kalvari</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela-class_submarine" title="Vela-class submarine">Vela</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhughosh-class_submarine" title="Sindhughosh-class submarine">Sindhughosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishumar-class_submarine" title="Shishumar-class submarine">Shishumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalvari-class_submarine_(2015)" title="Kalvari-class submarine (2015)">Kalvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_75I-class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 75I-class submarine">Project 75I</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">Midget submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_Swimmer_Delivery_Vehicle" title="Indian Navy Swimmer Delivery Vehicle">Indian Navy Swimmer Delivery Vehicle</a> *</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare_ship" title="Amphibious warfare ship">Amphibious warfare ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhir-class_tank_landing_ship" title="Kumbhir-class tank landing ship">Kumbhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar-class_amphibious_warfare_vessel" title="Magar-class amphibious warfare vessel">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shardul-class_tank_landing_ship" title="Shardul-class tank landing ship">Shardul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Jalashwa_(L41)" title="INS Jalashwa (L41)">Jalashwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_Multi-Role_Support_Vessel_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme">Indian MRSV</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">Research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Survey_vessel" title="Survey vessel">survey vessels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makar-class_survey_catamaran" title="Makar-class survey catamaran">Makar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhayak-class_survey_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandhayak-class survey ship">Sandhayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Sagardhwani_(A74)" title="INS Sagardhwani (A74)">Sagardhwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Dhruv" title="INS Dhruv">Dhruv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRSE-class_survey_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="GRSE-class survey vessel">GRSE class</a> *</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol craft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajay-class_patrol_vessel" title="Ajay-class patrol vessel">Ajay</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaward-class_defense_boats" title="Seaward-class defense boats">Seaward</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukanya-class_patrol_vessel" title="Sukanya-class patrol vessel">Sukanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Dvora_Mk_II-class_patrol_boat" title="Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat">Super Dvora Mk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinkat-class_patrol_vessel" title="Trinkat-class patrol vessel">Trinkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaram-class_patrol_vessel" title="Bangaram-class patrol vessel">Bangaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_Nicobar-class_patrol_vessel" title="Car Nicobar-class patrol vessel">Car Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saryu-class_patrol_vessel" title="Saryu-class patrol vessel">Saryu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor-class_minesweeper" title="Bangor-class minesweeper">Bangor</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton-class_minesweeper" title="Ton-class minesweeper">Ton</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham-class_minesweeper" title="Ham-class minesweeper">Ham</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9-class_minesweeper" title="Mahé-class minesweeper">Mahé</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry-class_minesweeper" title="Pondicherry-class minesweeper">Pondicherry</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSL_Mine_Counter-Measure_Vessels" title="GSL Mine Counter-Measure Vessels">GSL Mine Counter-Measure Vessels</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Replenishment_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Replenishment ship">Replenishment ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambika-class_replenishment_ship" title="Ambika-class replenishment ship">Ambika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komandarm_Fedko-class_oiler" title="Komandarm Fedko-class oiler">Komandarm Fedko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-class_replenishment_and_repair_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Aditya-class replenishment and repair ship">Aditya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak-class_fleet_tanker" title="Deepak-class fleet tanker">Deepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSL-class_fleet_support_ship" title="HSL-class fleet support ship">HSL</a> **</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Tugboats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand-class_tugboat" title="Anand-class tugboat">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjan-class_tugboat" title="Anjan-class tugboat">Anjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arga-class_tugboat" title="Arga-class tugboat">Arga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balram-class_tugboat" title="Balram-class tugboat">Balram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur-class_tugboat" title="Bahadur-class tugboat">Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhim-class_tugboat" title="Bhim-class tugboat">Bhim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaj-class_tugboat" title="Gaj-class tugboat">Gaj</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS-class_tugboat" title="IRS-class tugboat">IRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishm-class_tugboat" title="Bhishm-class tugboat">Bhishm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Singh-class_tugboat" title="Madan Singh-class tugboat">Madan Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ferries" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferries">Ferries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSL-class_ferry" title="GSL-class ferry">GSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoram-class_ferry" title="Manoram-class ferry">Manoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar-class_ferry" title="Shalimar-class ferry">Shalimar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Barges" class="mw-redirect" title="Barges">Barges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poshak-class_barge" title="Poshak-class barge">Poshak</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puran-class_barge" title="Puran-class barge">Puran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipul-class_barge" title="Vipul-class barge">Vipul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest-class_barge" title="Modest-class barge">Modest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporated-class_sullage_barge" title="Corporated-class sullage barge">Corporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooghly-class_fuel_barge" title="Hooghly-class fuel barge">Hooghly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahayak-class_hopper_barge" title="Sahayak-class hopper barge">Sahayak</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSL-class_power_barge" title="GSL-class power barge">GSL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Torpedo recovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astravahini-class_torpedo_recovery_vessel" title="Astravahini-class torpedo recovery vessel">Astravahini</a> +</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS_Astradharani" title="INS Astradharani">Astradharani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Dredgers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikaraksha-class_bucket_dredger" title="Nikaraksha-class bucket dredger">Nikaraksha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">Training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INS_Tir_(A86)" title="INS Tir (A86)">Tir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABG-class_training_ship" title="ABG-class training ship">ABG</a> *</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li>+ Decommissioned</li> <li>* Under construction</li> <li>** Planned </li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">List of active Indian Navy ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Indian Navy">Submarines of the Indian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">List of ships of the Indian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future of the Indian Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" title="Template:Indian military academies and colleges"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" title="Template talk:Indian military academies and colleges"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian military academies and colleges"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Indian military academies and colleges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Education & training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College (India)">Armed Forces Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Military_School" title="Ajmer Military School">Ajmer Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Military_School" title="Bangalore Military School">Bangalore Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Military_School" title="Belgaum Military School">Belgaum Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chail_Military_School" title="Chail Military School">Chail Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_Military_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur Military School">Dholpur Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="SainikSchools" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Amaravathinagar" title="Sainik School, Amaravathinagar">Amaravathinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Ambikapur" title="Sainik School, Ambikapur">Ambikapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Balachadi" title="Sainik School, Balachadi">Balachadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="Sainik School, Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Bijapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School, Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Chittorgarh" title="Sainik School, Chittorgarh">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Ghorakhal" title="Sainik School, Ghorakhal">Ghorakhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Goalpara" title="Sainik School, Goalpara">Goalpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Gopalganj" title="Sainik School, Gopalganj">Gopalganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Imphal" title="Sainik School, Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Jhunjhunu" title="Sainik School, Jhunjhunu">Jhunjhunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kapurthala" title="Sainik School, Kapurthala">Kapurthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kazhakootam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School, Kazhakootam">Kazhakootam</a></li> <li>Kodagu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Korukonda" title="Sainik School, Korukonda">Korukonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kunjpura" title="Sainik School, Kunjpura">Kunjpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Lucknow" title="Sainik School, Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Manasbal" title="Sainik School, Manasbal">Manasbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Nagrota" title="Sainik School, Nagrota">Nagrota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Nalanda" title="Sainik School, Nalanda">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Punglwa" title="Sainik School, Punglwa">Punglwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Purulia" title="Sainik School, Purulia">Purulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Rewa" title="Sainik School, Rewa">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Rewari" title="Sainik School, Rewari">Rewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Satara" title="Sainik School, Satara">Satara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Sujanpur_Tihra" title="Sainik School, Sujanpur Tihra">Sujanpur Tihra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Tilaiya" title="Sainik School, Tilaiya">Tilaiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tri Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Defence_Production" title="National Academy of Defence Production">National Academy of Defence Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College_(India)" title="National Defence College (India)">National Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology" title="Military Institute of Technology">Military Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Cadet_College" title="Army Cadet College">Army Cadet College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_War_College,_Mhow" title="Army War College, Mhow">Army War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Military_Engineering,_Pune" title="College of Military Engineering, Pune">College of Military Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Insurgency_and_Jungle_Warfare_School_(India)" title="Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India)">Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Warfare_School" title="High Altitude Warfare School">High Altitude Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Telecommunication_Engineering" title="Military College of Telecommunication Engineering">Military College of Telecommunication Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officers_Training_Academy" title="Officers Training Academy">Officers Training Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Materials_Management,_Jabalpur" title="Military College of Materials Management, Jabalpur">Military College of Materials Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Air Force Academy (India)">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Administrative_College" title="Air Force Administrative College">Air Force Administrative College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Coimbatore" title="Air Force School, Coimbatore">Air Force School, Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Jodhpur" title="Air Force School, Jodhpur">Air Force School, Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Instructors_School_(India)" title="Flying Instructors School (India)">Flying Instructors School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School" title="Indian Air Force Test Pilot School">Indian Air Force Test Pilot School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactics_and_Air_Combat_Development_Establishment" title="Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment">Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_College" title="Air Defence College">Air Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Air_Warfare" title="College of Air Warfare">College of Air Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa" title="Naval War College, Goa">Naval War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commandants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_National_Defence_Academy" title="Commandant of the National Defence Academy">Commandant NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Indian_Military_Academy" title="Commandant of the Indian Military Academy">Commandant IMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Commandant of Indian Naval Academy">Commandant INA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)">Commandant AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College">Commandant DSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management#List_of_commandants" title="College of Defence Management">Commandant CDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa#Commandants" title="Naval War College, Goa">Commandant NWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Air_Warfare#List_of_Commandants" title="College of Air Warfare">Commandant CAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_National_Defence_College" title="Commandant of the National Defence College">Commandant NDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology#List_of_Commandants" title="Military Institute of Technology">Commandant MILIT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Examinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Defence_Services_Examination" title="Combined Defence Services Examination">Combined Defence Services Examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_Selection_Board" title="Services Selection Board">Services Selection Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">Military academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Military education and training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="India_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:India_topics" title="Template:India topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:India_topics" title="Template talk:India topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:India_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:India topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="India_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">India topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_India" title="List of years in India">Years</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in India">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper_currency_in_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent">Paper currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_India" title="Postage stamps and postal history of India">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_on_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of science and technology on the Indian subcontinent">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahajanapadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavana_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana Kingdom">Yavana Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley" title="Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley">Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_kingdoms_of_India" title="Middle kingdoms of India">Middle kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">European trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_War" title="Bengal War">Bengal War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late modern">Late modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India#History" title="Rail transport in India">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India_under_the_British_Raj" title="Economy of India under the British Raj">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar#British_era" title="Zamindar">Zamindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Political reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">1943 famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Flood">White Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Space programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">History of India (1947–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Economic liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Plate">Indian Plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">National Geological Monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred groves of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred mountains of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred rivers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India" title="Climate change in India">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India" title="List of earthquakes in India">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries of India">sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_India" title="List of lakes of India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li>Plains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western coastal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest India">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast India">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_India" title="Template:Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India" title="Energy policy of India">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief Secretaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental rights, principles and duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force (BSF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard (NSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force (RPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group (SPG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate (ED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau (IB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency (NIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_India" title="List of scandals in India">Scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_political_participation_in_India" title="Women's political participation in India">Women in politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Advisory_Council" title="Economic Advisory Council">Economic Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(India)" title="Central Statistics Office (India)">Central Statistical Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_India" title="External debt of India">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_India" title="Foreign trade of India">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_India" title="Foreign direct investment in India">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves_of_India" title="Foreign-exchange reserves of India">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidies_in_India" title="Subsidies in India">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_licensing_in_India" title="Industrial licensing in India">Industrial licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_on_Social,_Environmental_and_Economic_Responsibilities_of_Business" title="National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business">Voluntary guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Historical Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_in_India" title="Inflation in India">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India" title="Banking in India">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_(Control)_Act,_1968" title="The Gold (Control) Act, 1968">Bullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">Government initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indians_by_net_worth" title="List of Indians by net worth">By net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_India" title="Income in India">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_labour_law" title="Indian labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">EPFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">NPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Provident_Fund_(India)" title="Public Provident Fund (India)">PPF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Assam" title="Economy of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haryana" title="Economy of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Economy of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jharkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Economy of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mizoram" title="Economy of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rajasthan" title="Economy of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Economy of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India" title="Animal husbandry in India">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_India" title="Chemical industry in India">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_India" title="Defence industry of India">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_India" title="Oil and gas industry in India">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_semiconductor_manufacturing_industry_in_India" title="Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry in India">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_India" title="List of hospitals in India">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_India" title="FM broadcasting in India">FM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_industry_in_India" title="Printing industry in India">Printing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_India" title="Mining in India">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India" title="Iron and steel industry in India">Iron and Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing_in_India" title="Retailing in India">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_in_India" title="Biotechnology in India">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_India" title="Textile industry in India">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_India" title="Aviation in India">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_India" title="Civil aviation in India">Civil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_India" title="List of ports in India">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_organisations_in_India" title="List of electricity organisations in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_sector_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Power sector in India">Power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority">IRDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">PFRDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">NCLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">NCLAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_for_Industrial_and_Financial_Reconstruction" title="Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction">BIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">IBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitisation_and_Reconstruction_of_Financial_Assets_and_Enforcement_of_Security_Interest_Act,_2002" title="Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002">SARFESI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income-tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income-tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Act, 2013">Companies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Regulation_Act,_1949" title="Banking Regulation Act, 1949">Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Act,_1938" title="Insurance Act, 1938">Insurance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">FEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Consensus" title="Mumbai Consensus">Mumbai Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Universities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India" title="List of medical colleges in India">Medical colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_India" title="List of law schools in India">Law colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education_in_India" title="Engineering education in India">Engineering colleges in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_India" title="Health in India">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_life_expectancy_at_birth" title="List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_India" title="Prisons in India">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issue#India" title="Social issue">Socio-economic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in 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