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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovitz_(Familie)" title="Ovitz (Familie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ovitz (Familie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familia_Ovitz" title="Familia Ovitz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Familia Ovitz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovitz-familio" title="Ovitz-familio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ovitz-familio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="خانواده اویتز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خانواده اویتز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famille_Ovitz" title="Famille Ovitz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Famille Ovitz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%B9%84%EC%B8%A0_%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="오비츠 가족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오비츠 가족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famiglia_Ovitz" title="Famiglia Ovitz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Famiglia Ovitz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5" title="משפחת אוביץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משפחת אוביץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%B6" title="オーヴィッツ一家 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーヴィッツ一家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%8F)" title="Овиц (семья) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Овиц (семья)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אוויטש פאמיליע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוויטש פאמיליע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q707525#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovitz_family&oldid=1219541551" title="Ovitz family">Revision as of 11:04, 18 April 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovitz_family&action=edit&oldid=1219541551" title="Ovitz family">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-04-18T11:04:21Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovitz_family&action=edit&undoafter=1150408298&undo=1219541551" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Roger_Davies" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Roger Davies" data-mw-revid="1219541551"><bdi>Roger Davies</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Roger_Davies" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Roger Davies">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Roger_Davies" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Roger Davies">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>34,587</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">tweaks for flow and clarity #article-section-source-editor</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tags</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_edit">Mobile edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_app_edit">Mobile app edit</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovitz_family&diff=next&oldid=1219541551" title="Ovitz family" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Aftermath==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Aftermath==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{unreferenced section|date=January 2018}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{unreferenced section|date=January 2018}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The Ovitzes traveled on foot for seven months to their home village. They found their home looted <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and</del> moved, first to the town of [[Sighet]] and later to [[Belgium]]. In May 1949 they immigrated to [[Israel]], <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">settled</del> in [[Haifa]]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">began</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">their tours</del> again, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">being quite</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">successful</del> and packing large concert halls. In 1955 they retired and bought a [[Movie theater|cinema]] hall.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The Ovitzes traveled on foot for seven months to their home village. They found their home looted<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">so they</ins> moved<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> on</ins>, first to the town of [[Sighet]] and later to [[Belgium]]. In May 1949 they immigrated to [[Israel]], <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">settling</ins> in [[Haifa]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">They</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">started</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">touring</ins> again, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">achieving</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">success</ins> and packing large concert halls. In 1955 they retired and bought a [[Movie theater|cinema]] hall.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Descendants of the dwarf men of the family were born taller; the women did not become pregnant due to their small pelvises. The firstborn of the dwarfs, Rozika Ovitz, died in 1984 at the age of 98. The last adult dwarf survivor of the family, Perla Ovitz, died in 2001.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Descendants of the dwarf men of the family were born taller; the women did not become pregnant due to their small pelvises. The firstborn of the dwarfs, Rozika Ovitz, died in 1984 at the age of 98. The last adult dwarf survivor of the family, Perla Ovitz, died in 2001.</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 11:04, 18 April 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hungarian Jewish actors/traveling musicians: Auschwitz survivors</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ovitz_family" title="Special:EditPage/Ovitz family">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ovitz_family" title="Talk:Ovitz family">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ovitz_family" title="Special:EditPage/Ovitz family">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ovitz+family%22">"Ovitz family"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ovitz+family%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ovitz+family%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ovitz+family%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ovitz+family%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ovitz+family%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ovits_family_(dwarfs)_300x178.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/16/Ovits_family_%28dwarfs%29_300x178.jpg/260px-Ovits_family_%28dwarfs%29_300x178.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/16/Ovits_family_%28dwarfs%29_300x178.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>The Ovitz siblings</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Ovitz family</b> was a family of Hungarian Jewish actors/traveling musicians originating from present Romania, who survived imprisonment at the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Most of them were <a href="/wiki/Dwarfism" title="Dwarfism">dwarfs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were the largest family of dwarfs ever recorded and were the largest family to enter Auschwitz and survive intact; the family of twelve ranged from a 15-month-old baby to a 58-year-old woman.<sup id="cite_ref-USHMM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USHMM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2></div> <p>The Ovitz family originated from <a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99_County" title="Maramureș County">Maramureș County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. They were descended from Shimson Eizik Ovitz (1868–1923), a <i><a href="/wiki/Badchen" title="Badchen">badchen</a></i> entertainer, itinerant <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> and himself a dwarf.<sup id="cite_ref-USHMM_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USHMM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fathered ten children in total, seven of them dwarfs (born with <a href="/wiki/Pseudoachondroplasia" title="Pseudoachondroplasia">pseudoachondroplasia</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from two marriages. </p><p>The children from his first marriage to Brana Fruchter (she was of average height), Rozika (1886–1984) and Franzika (1889–1980), were both dwarfs. Shimson's second wife, Batia Bertha Husz, also of average height, produced the following children: Avram (1903–1972; dwarf), Freida (1905–1975; dwarf), Sarah (1907–1993; average height), Micki (1909–1972; dwarf), Leah (1911–1987; average height), Elizabeth (1914–1992; dwarf), Arie (1917–1944; average height), and Piroska (a.k.a. "Perla"; 1921–2001; dwarf). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lilliput_Troupe">Lilliput Troupe</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ovitz_family" title="Special:EditPage/Ovitz family">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The children founded their own ensemble, the <i><a href="/wiki/Lilliput_and_Blefuscu" title="Lilliput and Blefuscu">Lilliput</a> Troupe</i>. They sang and played music using small instruments and performed all over Romania, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="First Republic of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> in the 1930s and 1940s. The taller relatives helped backstage. The Ovitzes sang in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. When they were not touring, they lived in a single house with their spouses. </p><p>At the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, there were 12 family members, seven of them dwarfs. When Hungary seized <a href="/wiki/Northern_Transylvania" title="Northern Transylvania">Northern Transylvania</a> in September 1940, the new racial laws banned Jewish artists from entertaining non-Jews. Though the Ovitzes were observant Jews, they obtained papers which omitted the fact that they were Jewish and continued going on their tours until 1944. On 12 May 1944,<sup id="cite_ref-USHMM_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USHMM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all twelve family members were deported to Auschwitz. One average sized brother, Arie, escaped the round up but was later arrested and executed in 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</h2></div> <p>Once in the camp, the Ovitzes attracted the attention of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> camp doctor <a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (known as the <i>Angel of Death</i>), who collected curiosities for pseudoscientific experiments on <a href="/wiki/Heredity" title="Heredity">heredity</a>. He separated the Ovitzes from the rest of the camp inmates to add them to his collection of test subjects. He was curious about the fact that the family included both dwarfs and taller members. Eleven other prisoners of the Shlomovitz family claimed to be their relatives, and Mengele moved all of them accordingly.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mengele arranged to have special living quarters built for them, so they could be monitored. To keep them healthy for his <a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">human experimentation</a>, he arranged for them to have more hygienic living conditions, better food and their own bedclothes. Mengele allowed them to keep their own clothes, and forced the taller members of the group to carry the dwarfs to the experimentation sites.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The family were told that they were to put on a show for the SS guards at their huge canteen. When they arrived Mengele had them strip whilst he spoke about his own ideas about genetics.<sup id="cite_ref-fn_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ovitzes—like many other camp inmates—were subjected to various tests. Mengele's physicians extracted <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> and pulled out teeth and hair to find signs of <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary disease">hereditary disease</a>. They poured hot and cold water in their ears and blinded them with chemical drops. <a href="/wiki/Gynecologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynecologist">Gynecologists</a> inspected the married women. </p><p>Eighteen-month-old Shimshon Ovitz was put through the worst ordeals because he had taller parents and was prematurely born; Mengele drew blood from the veins behind his ears and from his fingers on a daily basis often causing weakness. The Ovitzes also witnessed two newcomer dwarfs being killed and boiled so their bones could be exhibited in a museum. Mengele also filmed them; this film was not found after the war, and it is possible that he kept it when he fled. </p><p>They expected to be killed after Mengele had finished his experiments, but they lived to see the liberation of Auschwitz<sup id="cite_ref-survive_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-survive-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 27 January 1945. The <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> took them to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> where they lived in a <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp" title="Refugee camp">refugee camp</a> for some time before they were released. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If I was a healthy Jewish girl, 1 meter 70 tall, I would have been gassed like the hundreds of thousands of other Jews in my country. So if I ever wondered why I was born a dwarf, my answer would have to be that my handicap, my deformity, was God’s only way to keep me alive.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Perla Ovitz, <i>Giants: The Dwarfs of Auschwitz</i><sup id="cite_ref-survive_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-survive-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ovitz_family" title="Special:EditPage/Ovitz family">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Ovitzes traveled on foot for seven months to their home village. They found their home looted, so they moved on, first to the town of <a href="/wiki/Sighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sighet">Sighet</a> and later to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. In May 1949 they immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, settling in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>. They started touring again, achieving success and packing large concert halls. In 1955 they retired and bought a <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema</a> hall. </p><p>Descendants of the dwarf men of the family were born taller; the women did not become pregnant due to their small pelvises. The firstborn of the dwarfs, Rozika Ovitz, died in 1984 at the age of 98. The last adult dwarf survivor of the family, Perla Ovitz, died in 2001. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <p>In March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Davis" title="Warwick Davis">Warwick Davis</a> presented an episode of the <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> series <i>Perspectives</i>, entitled "Warwick Davis – The Seven Dwarfs of Auschwitz".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He explored the story of the Ovitz family, including an interview with Perla Ovitz recorded in 1999 recounting how they survived the Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz and Mengele's experiments. The interview from the film comes from a documentary, <i>Liebe Perla</i> (German for "Dear Perla"). </p><p>A fictional version of the family and the cinema in Haifa that they ran is featured in the 2010 Israeli film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matchmaker_(2010_film)" title="The Matchmaker (2010 film)">The Matchmaker</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Katan" title="Alexander Katan">Alexander Katan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKorenNegev2004" class="citation book cs1">Koren, Yehuda; Negev, Eilat (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X_ytAwAAQBAJ&q=Ovitz+auschwitz"><i>Giants: the Dwarfs of Auschwitz: The Extraordinary Story of the Lilliput Troupe</i></a>. New York: Carroll & Graf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-1555-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-1555-3"><bdi>0-7867-1555-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Giants%3A+the+Dwarfs+of+Auschwitz%3A+The+Extraordinary+Story+of+the+Lilliput+Troupe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7867-1555-3&rft.aulast=Koren&rft.aufirst=Yehuda&rft.au=Negev%2C+Eilat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX_ytAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DOvitz%2Bauschwitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvitz+family" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFKorenNegev2004">Koren & Negev 2004</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USHMM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHMM_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.ushmm.org/inquery/uia_doc.php/photos/12452?hr=null">The Ovitz Family</a> on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> website, resources.ushmm.org; accessed 15 January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeroi2003" class="citation book cs1">Leroi, Armand Marie (2003). <i>Mutants: On the Form, Varieties and Errors of the Human Body</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_Perennial" title="Harper Perennial">Harper Perennial</a>. pp. 149–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-653164-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-653164-4"><bdi>0-00-653164-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mutants%3A+On+the+Form%2C+Varieties+and+Errors+of+the+Human+Body&rft.pages=149-54&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-00-653164-4&rft.aulast=Leroi&rft.aufirst=Armand+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvitz+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/couple-in-race-to-save-nazi-canteen-where-auschwitz-ss-guards-partied-after-killing-20909">"Couple in race to save Nazi canteen where Auschwitz SS guards partied after killing"</a>. <i>www.thefirstnews.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202400/https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/couple-in-race-to-save-nazi-canteen-where-auschwitz-ss-guards-partied-after-killing-20909">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thefirstnews.com&rft.atitle=Couple+in+race+to+save+Nazi+canteen+where+Auschwitz+SS+guards+partied+after+killing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirstnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcouple-in-race-to-save-nazi-canteen-where-auschwitz-ss-guards-partied-after-killing-20909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvitz+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-survive-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-survive_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-survive_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSakis_Ioannidis2016" class="citation web cs1">Sakis Ioannidis (23 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekathimerini.com/207233/article/ekathimerini/life/book-on-the-ovitz-familys-auschwitz-survival-story-now-available-in-greek">"Book on the Ovitz family's Auschwitz survival story now available in Greek"</a>. <i>Ekathimerini.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001053210/https://www.ekathimerini.com/207233/article/ekathimerini/life/book-on-the-ovitz-familys-auschwitz-survival-story-now-available-in-greek">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ekathimerini.com&rft.atitle=Book+on+the+Ovitz+family%27s+Auschwitz+survival+story+now+available+in+Greek&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.au=Sakis+Ioannidis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekathimerini.com%2F207233%2Farticle%2Fekathimerini%2Flife%2Fbook-on-the-ovitz-familys-auschwitz-survival-story-now-available-in-greek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvitz+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7JIcf9wlF8">"<i>Preview of The Seven Dwarfs of Auschwitz</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906233406/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7JIcf9wlF8">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Preview+of+The+Seven+Dwarfs+of+Auschwitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Du7JIcf9wlF8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOvitz+family" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0795477/"><i>Standing Tall at Auschwitz</i> (a 2006 documentary film about the Ovitz family)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100313024312/http://www.nfct.org.il/siteFiles/1/193/4218.asp"><i>Liebe Perla</i> (a 1999 documentary film, Israel)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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