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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuberculosis_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Tuberculosis and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuberculosis_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexual_abuse_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_abuse_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sexual abuse allegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_abuse_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_interests_and_life_of_the_mind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_interests_and_life_of_the_mind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Academic interests and life of the mind</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academic_interests_and_life_of_the_mind-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academic interests and life of the mind subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academic_interests_and_life_of_the_mind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quantum_mechanics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quantum_mechanics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Quantum mechanics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quantum_mechanics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_quantum_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_quantum_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>New quantum theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_quantum_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_wave_mechanics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_wave_mechanics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Creation of wave mechanics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_wave_mechanics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_on_a_unified_field_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_on_a_unified_field_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Work on a unified field theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_on_a_unified_field_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interest_in_philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interest_in_philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Interest in philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interest_in_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Published works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Erwin Schrödinger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 134 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%AD%E1%89%AA%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%BD%E1%88%AE%E1%8B%B2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ኤርቪን ሽሮዲንገር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤርቪን ሽሮዲንገር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="إرفين شرودنغر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرفين شرودنغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervin_%C5%9Eredinger" title="Ervin Şredinger – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ervin Şredinger" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1" title="اروین شرودینقر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اروین شرودینقر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="এরভিন শ্রোডিঙার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এরভিন শ্রোডিঙার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрёдингер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эрвин Шрёдингер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвін Шродзінгер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрвін Шродзінгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвін Шрэдынгер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эрвін Шрэдынгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="इरविन स्क्रोडिंगर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इरविन स्क्रोडिंगर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шрьодингер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ервин Шрьодингер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрёдингер – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эрвин Шрёдингер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Έρβιν Σρέντινγκερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έρβιν Σρέντινγκερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="اروین شرودینگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اروین شرودینگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schrodinger" title="Erwin Schrodinger – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Erwin Schrodinger" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингерин, Эрвин – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Шрёдингерин, Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%88_%EC%8A%88%EB%A2%B0%EB%94%A9%EA%B1%B0" title="에르빈 슈뢰딩거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에르빈 슈뢰딩거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%87%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Էրվին Շրյոդինգեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էրվին Շրյոդինգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8" title="ארווין שרדינגר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארווין שרדינגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರ್ವಿನ್ ಶ್ರೋಡಿಂಗರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇರ್ವಿನ್ ಶ್ರೋಡಿಂಗರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ერვინ შრედინგერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერვინ შრედინგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шредингер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эрвин Шредингер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрөдингер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эрвин Шрөдингер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervinus_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Ervinus Schrödinger – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ervinus Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0r%C4%93dingers" title="Ervīns Šrēdingers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ervīns Šrēdingers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шредингер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ервин Шредингер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BC" title="എർവിൻ ഷ്രോഡിങർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എർവിൻ ഷ്രോഡിങർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="एर्विन श्र्यॉडिंगर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एर्विन श्र्यॉडिंगर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ერვინ შრედინგერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ერვინ შრედინგერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="شرودينجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شرودينجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="آروین شرودینگر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آروین شرودینگر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%94" title="ꯏꯔꯋꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯟꯒꯔ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯔꯋꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯟꯒꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрёдингер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрвин Шрёдингер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="အာဝင် ရှရိုဒင်ဂါ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဝင် ရှရိုဒင်ဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्विन स्रोडिन्जर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्विन स्रोडिन्जर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="エルヴィン・シュレーディンガー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルヴィン・シュレーディンガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਐਰਵਿਨ ਸ਼ਰੋਡਿੰਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਰਵਿਨ ਸ਼ਰੋਡਿੰਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ارون شروڈنگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ارون شروڈنگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%89%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1" title="آروین شروډینګر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آروین شروډینګر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервін Шредінґер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ервін Шредінґер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингер Эрвин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шрёдингер Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ارون شروڊنگر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ارون شروڊنگر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ئێرڤین شروێدینگەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێرڤین شروێدینگەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шредингер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ервин Шредингер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="எர்வின் சுரோடிங்கர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எர்வின் சுரோடிங்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_%C5%9Er%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Şrödinger – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Erwin Şrödinger" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แอร์วีน ชเรอดิงเงอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอร์วีน ชเรอดิงเงอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_%C5%9Er%C3%BDodinger" title="Erwin Şrýodinger – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Erwin Şrýodinger" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервін Шредінгер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ервін Шредінгер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ارون شروڈنگر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارون شروڈنگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0r%C3%B6dinger_Ervin" title="Šrödinger Ervin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šrödinger Ervin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E8%96%9B%E5%AE%9A%E8%B0%94" title="埃尔温·薛定谔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃尔温·薛定谔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="ערווין שרעדינגער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערווין שרעדינגער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E6%BA%AB%C2%B7%E8%96%9B%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%A4" title="埃爾溫·薛定諤 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃爾溫·薛定諤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervins_%C5%A0riuod%C4%97ngeris" 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semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austrian-Irish physicist (1887–1961)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Schrödinger" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Schrödinger (disambiguation)">Schrödinger (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Erwin Schrödinger</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Member_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Member of the Royal Society">ForMemRS</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_(1933).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_%281933%29.jpg/220px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_%281933%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_%281933%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Schrödinger in 1933</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1887-08-12</span>)</span>12 August 1887<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a><br />(now Austria)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 January 1961<span style="display:none">(1961-01-04)</span> (aged 73)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Vienna, Austria</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Austria<br />Ireland (1948–1961)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._habil." class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. habil.">Dr. habil.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation" title="Schrödinger equation">Schrödinger equation</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat" title="Schrödinger's cat">Schrödinger's cat</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Cat_state" title="Cat state">Cat state</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_field" title="Schrödinger field">Schrödinger field</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_functional" title="Schrödinger functional">Schrödinger functional</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_group" title="Schrödinger group">Schrödinger group</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_method" title="Schrödinger method">Schrödinger method</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_picture" title="Schrödinger picture">Schrödinger picture</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8ller%E2%80%93Plesset_perturbation_theory#Rayleigh–Schrödinger_perturbation_theory" title="Møller–Plesset perturbation theory">Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty_principle" title="Uncertainty principle">Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty relations</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%E2%80%93HJW_theorem" title="Schrödinger–HJW theorem">Schrödinger–HJW theorem</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Classical_unified_field_theories" title="Classical unified field theories">Schrödinger's pure-affine theory</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Coherent_state" title="Coherent state">Coherent states</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_level" title="Energy level">Energy level</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Entropy_and_life" title="Entropy and life">Entropy and life</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Negentropy" title="Negentropy">Negentropy</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_quantum_mechanics" title="Interpretations of quantum mechanics">Interpretations of quantum mechanics</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_biology" title="Quantum biology">Quantum biology</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_entanglement" title="Quantum entanglement">Quantum entanglement</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_steering" title="Quantum steering">Quantum steering</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_superposition" title="Quantum superposition">Quantum superposition</a></li><li style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; width: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Zitterbewegung" title="Zitterbewegung">Zitterbewegung</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Annemarie Bertel</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1920)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Rudolf Schrödinger">Rudolf Schrödinger</a></li><li>Georgine Bauer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Rudolph" title="Terry Rudolph">Terry Rudolph</a> (grandson)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitinger_Prize" title="Haitinger Prize">Haitinger Prize</a> (1920)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Matteucci_Medal" title="Matteucci Medal">Matteucci Medal</a> (1927)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (1933)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Medal" title="Max Planck Medal">Max Planck Medal</a> (1937)</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1949" title="List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1949">ForMemRS (1949)</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite#Civil_class" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a></i> (1956)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Prize" title="Erwin Schrödinger Prize">Erwin Schrödinger Prize</a> (1956)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Breslau">University of Breslau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Zürich">University of Zürich</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">University of Graz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies">Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univie.ac.at/zbph/ausstellung/schroedinger/dokumente/dissertationpromotion.htm">Über die Leitung der Elektrizität auf der Oberfläche von Isolatoren an feuchter Luft (About the Conduction of Electricity on the Surface of Insulators in Moist Air)</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1910)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hasen%C3%B6hrl" title="Friedrich Hasenöhrl">Friedrich Hasenöhrl</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franz_S._Exner" title="Franz S. Exner">Franz S. Exner</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_signature.svg/150px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_signature.svg/225px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_signature.svg/300px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erwin_Schrodinger_at_U_Vienna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Erwin_Schrodinger_at_U_Vienna.JPG/170px-Erwin_Schrodinger_at_U_Vienna.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Erwin_Schrodinger_at_U_Vienna.JPG/255px-Erwin_Schrodinger_at_U_Vienna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Erwin_Schrodinger_at_U_Vienna.JPG/340px-Erwin_Schrodinger_at_U_Vienna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Schrödinger, in the courtyard arcade of the main building, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>, Austria</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Member_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Member of the Royal Society">ForMemRS</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɜː/: r-less 'ur' in 'nurse'">ɜː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɛɐ̯vɪn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʃʁøːdɪŋɐ]</a></span>; 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as <b>Schroedinger</b> or <b>Schrodinger</b>, was a Nobel Prize–winning Austrian and naturalized Irish <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> who developed fundamental results in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_field_theory" title="Quantum field theory">quantum theory</a>. In particular, he is recognized for postulating the <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation" title="Schrödinger equation">Schrödinger equation</a>, an equation that provides a way to calculate the <a href="/wiki/Wave_function" title="Wave function">wave function</a> of a system and how it changes dynamically in time. He coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Quantum_entanglement" title="Quantum entanglement">quantum entanglement</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the earliest to discuss it, doing so in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, he wrote many works on various aspects of <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>: <a href="/wiki/Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">statistical mechanics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, physics of <a href="/wiki/Dielectric" title="Dielectric">dielectrics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colour_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour theory">colour theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrodynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrodynamics">electrodynamics</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">general relativity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a>, and he made several attempts to construct a <a href="/wiki/Unified_field_theory" title="Unified field theory">unified field theory</a>. In his book <i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_Life%3F" title="What Is Life?">What Is Life?</a></i> Schrödinger addressed the problems of <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, looking at the phenomenon of life from the point of view of physics. He also paid great attention to the philosophical aspects of science, ancient, and oriental philosophical concepts, ethics, and religion.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wrote on philosophy and theoretical biology. In popular culture, he is best known for his "<a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat" title="Schrödinger's cat">Schrödinger's cat</a>" <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiment" title="Thought experiment">thought experiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mactutorA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutorA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spending most of his life as an academic with positions at various universities, Schrödinger, along with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1933 for his work on quantum mechanics, the same year he left Germany due to his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>. In his personal life, he lived with both his wife and his mistress which may have led to problems causing him to leave his position at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>. Subsequently, until 1938, he had a position in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">Graz</a>, Austria, until the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Nazi takeover</a> when he fled, finally finding a long-term arrangement in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland, where he remained until retirement in 1955, and where he pursued several sexual relationships with minors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3></div> <p>Schrödinger was born in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdberg,_Vienna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdberg, Vienna (page does not exist)">Erdberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdberg_(Wien)" class="extiw" title="de:Erdberg (Wien)">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, on 12 August 1887, to <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Rudolf Schrödinger">Rudolf Schrödinger</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cerecloth" class="extiw" title="wikt:cerecloth">cerecloth</a> producer, botanist<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Georgine Emilia Brenda Schrödinger (née Bauer) (daughter of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Bauer (page does not exist)">Alexander Bauer </a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bauer_(Chemiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Alexander Bauer (Chemiker)">de</a>]</span>, professor of chemistry, <a href="/wiki/TU_Wien" title="TU Wien">TU Wien</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore199413–18_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore199413–18-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was their only child. </p><p>His mother was of half Austrian and half English descent; his father was <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and his mother was <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a>. He himself was an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he had strong interests in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern religions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">pantheism</a>, and he used religious symbolism in his works.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also believed his scientific work was an approach to divinity in an intellectual sense.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also able to learn English outside school, as his maternal grandmother was British.<sup id="cite_ref-hof1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hof1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1906 and 1910 (the year he earned his doctorate) Schrödinger studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> under the physicists <a href="/wiki/Franz_S._Exner" title="Franz S. Exner">Franz S. Exner</a> (1849–1926) and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hasen%C3%B6hrl" title="Friedrich Hasenöhrl">Friedrich Hasenöhrl</a> (1874–1915). He received his doctorate at Vienna under Hasenöhrl. He also conducted experimental work with Karl Wilhelm Friedrich "Fritz" Kohlrausch. In 1911, Schrödinger became an assistant to Exner.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_years">Middle years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erwin_Schrodinger2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Erwin_Schrodinger2.jpg/170px-Erwin_Schrodinger2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Erwin_Schrodinger2.jpg/255px-Erwin_Schrodinger2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Erwin_Schrodinger2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Erwin Schrödinger as a young man</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1914 Schrödinger achieved <a href="/wiki/Habilitation" title="Habilitation">habilitation</a> (<i>venia legendi</i>). Between 1914 and 1918 he participated in war work as a commissioned officer in the Austrian fortress artillery (<a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duino" title="Duino">Duino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistiana" title="Sistiana">Sistiana</a>, Prosecco, Vienna). In 1920 he became the assistant to <a href="/wiki/Max_Wien" title="Max Wien">Max Wien</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a>, and in September 1920 he attained the position of ao. Prof. (<i><a href="/wiki/Ausserordentlicher_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ausserordentlicher Professor">ausserordentlicher Professor</a></i>), roughly equivalent to Reader (UK) or associate professor (US), in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>. In 1921, he became o. Prof. (<i><a href="/wiki/Ordentlicher_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordentlicher Professor">ordentlicher Professor</a></i>, i.e. full professor), in <a href="/wiki/Breslau_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau University">Breslau</a> (now Wrocław, Poland).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zürich</a>. In 1927, he succeeded <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Friedrich Wilhelm University</a> in Berlin. In 1933, Schrödinger decided to leave Germany because he strongly disapproved of the Nazis' antisemitism. He became a Fellow of <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalen College">Magdalen College</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. Soon after he arrived, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics together with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>. His position at Oxford did not work out well; his unconventional domestic arrangements, sharing living quarters with two women,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1992278_ff._18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1992278_ff.-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were not met with acceptance. In 1934, Schrödinger lectured at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>; he was offered a permanent position there, but did not accept it. Again, his wish to set up house with his wife and his mistress may have created a problem.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had the prospect of a position at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> but visa delays occurred, and in the end he took up a position at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Graz" title="University of Graz">University of Graz</a> in Austria in 1936. He had also accepted the offer of chair position at Department of Physics, <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a> in India.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the midst of these tenure issues in 1935, after extensive correspondence with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, he proposed what is now called the "<a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat" title="Schrödinger's cat">Schrödinger's cat</a>" <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiment" title="Thought experiment">thought experiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3></div> <p>In 1938, after the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a>, Schrödinger had problems in Graz because of his flight from Germany in 1933 and his known opposition to <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lakhtakia1996_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lakhtakia1996-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He issued a statement recanting this opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-mactutorB_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutorB-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later regretted doing so and explained the reason to Einstein: "I wanted to remain free – and could not do so without great duplicity".<sup id="cite_ref-mactutorB_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutorB-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this did not fully appease the new dispensation and the University of Graz dismissed him from his post for political unreliability. He suffered harassment and was instructed not to leave the country. He and his wife, however, fled to Italy. From there, he went to visiting positions in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mactutorB_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutorB-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lakhtakia1996_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lakhtakia1996-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DIAS_1942_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DIAS_1942_photo.jpg/260px-DIAS_1942_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DIAS_1942_photo.jpg/390px-DIAS_1942_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/DIAS_1942_photo.jpg/520px-DIAS_1942_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4640" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption>Schrödinger (front row 2nd from right) and De Valera (front row 4th from left) at Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies in 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>In the same year he received a personal invitation from Ireland's <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> – a mathematician himself – to reside in Ireland and agreed to help establish an <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies">Institute for Advanced Studies</a> in Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to Kincora Road, <a href="/wiki/Clontarf,_Dublin" title="Clontarf, Dublin">Clontarf, Dublin</a>, and lived modestly. A plaque has been erected at his Clontarf residence and at the address of his workplace in <a href="/wiki/Merrion_Square" title="Merrion Square">Merrion Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrödinger believed that as an Austrian he had a unique relationship to Ireland. In October 1940, a writer from the <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Press">Irish Press</a></i> interviewed Schrödinger who spoke of Celtic heritage of Austrians, saying: "I believe there is a deeper connection between us Austrians and the Celts. Names of places in the Austrian Alps are said to be of Celtic origin."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1992373_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1992373-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the Director of the School for Theoretical Physics in 1940 and remained there for 17 years. He became a naturalized Irish citizen in 1948, but also retained his Austrian citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote around 50 further publications on various topics, including his explorations of <a href="/wiki/Classical_unified_field_theories" title="Classical unified field theories">unified field theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, he wrote <i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_Life%3F" title="What Is Life?">What Is Life?</a></i>, which contains a discussion of <a href="/wiki/Negentropy" title="Negentropy">negentropy</a> and the concept of a complex <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a> with the genetic code for living <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="James D. Watson">James D. Watson</a>'s memoir, <i>DNA, the Secret of Life</i>, Schrödinger's book gave Watson the inspiration to research the <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>, which led to the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> <a href="/wiki/Double_helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Double helix">double helix</a> structure in 1953. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a>, in his autobiographical book <i>What Mad Pursuit</i>, described how he was influenced by Schrödinger's speculations about how genetic information might be stored in molecules.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schrödinger stayed in Dublin until retiring in 1955. </p><p>A manuscript "Fragment from an unpublished dialogue of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from this time resurfaced at <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Hospital" title="The King's Hospital">The King's Hospital</a> boarding school, Dublin<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after it was written for the School's 1955 edition of their Blue Coat to celebrate his leaving of Dublin to take up his appointment as Chair of Physics at the University of Vienna.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, he returned to Vienna (chair <i>ad personam</i>). At an important lecture during the World Energy Conference he refused to speak on nuclear energy because of his scepticism about it and gave a philosophical lecture instead. During this period, Schrödinger turned from mainstream quantum mechanics' definition of <a href="/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality" title="Wave–particle duality">wave–particle duality</a> and promoted the <a href="/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality#Wave-only_view" title="Wave–particle duality">wave idea alone</a>, causing much controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuberculosis_and_death">Tuberculosis and death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_Schroedinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Grave_Schroedinger.jpg/260px-Grave_Schroedinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Grave_Schroedinger.jpg/390px-Grave_Schroedinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Grave_Schroedinger.jpg/520px-Grave_Schroedinger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Annemarie and Erwin Schrödinger's gravesite; above the name plate <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation" title="Schrödinger equation">Schrödinger's quantum mechanical wave equation</a> is inscribed on a circular plaque:<div class="equation-box" style="margin: 0;padding: 5px; border-width:2px; border-style: solid; border-color: var(--color-success,#14866d); color: inherit;text-align: center; display: table"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i\hbar {\dot {\Psi }}=H\Psi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>i</mi> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i\hbar {\dot {\Psi }}=H\Psi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1a4b994a8c5af1640a53acd2d2e77cc10088880" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.887ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i\hbar {\dot {\Psi }}=H\Psi }"></span> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Schrödinger suffered from <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and several times in the 1920s stayed at a <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arosa" title="Arosa">Arosa</a> in Switzerland. It was there that he formulated his wave equation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1992194_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1992194-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 January 1961, Schrödinger died of tuberculosis, aged 73, in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore199210_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore199210-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left Anny a widow, and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Alpbach" title="Alpbach">Alpbach</a>, Austria, in a Catholic cemetery. Although he was not Catholic, the priest in charge of the cemetery permitted the burial after learning Schrödinger was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>On April 6, 1920, Schrödinger married Annemarie (Anny) Bertel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore199210_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore199210-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he migrated to Ireland in 1938, he obtained visas for himself, his wife and also another woman, Hilde March. March was the wife of an Austrian colleague and Schrödinger had fathered a daughter with her in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrödinger wrote to the <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> personally, so as to obtain a visa for March. In October 1939 the <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nage_%C3%A0_trois" title="Ménage à trois">ménage à trois</a></i> duly took up residence in Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife, Anny (born 3 December 1896), died on 3 October 1965. </p><p>One of Schrödinger's grandchildren, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Rudolph" title="Terry Rudolph">Terry Rudolph</a>, has followed in his footsteps as a quantum physicist, and teaches at <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGribbin2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2019]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2019)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGribbin2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2019]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2019)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_abuse_allegations">Sexual abuse allegations</h3></div> <p>At the age of 39, Schrödinger tutored a 14-year-old girl named "Ithi" Junger. Walter Moore relates in his 1989 biography of Schrödinger that the lessons "included 'a fair amount of petting and cuddling<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" and Schrödinger "had fallen in love with his pupil".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moore further relates that "not long after her seventeenth birthday, they became lovers". The relationship continued and in 1932 she became pregnant (then aged 20<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). "Erwin tried to persuade her to have the child; he said he would take care of it, but he did not offer to divorce [wife] Anny... in desperation, Ithi arranged for an abortion." </p><p>Moore describes Schrödinger having a 'Lolita complex'. He quotes from Schrödinger's diary from the time where he said that "men of strong, genuine intellectuality are immensely attracted only by women who, forming the very beginning of the intellectual series, are as nearly connected to the preferred springs of nature as they". A 2021 <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times"><i>Irish Times</i></a> article summarized this as a "predilection for teenage girls", and denounced Schrödinger as "a serial abuser whose behaviour fitted the profile of a paedophile in the widely understood sense of that term".<sup id="cite_ref-Humphreys_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphreys-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrödinger's grandson and his mother were unhappy with the accusation made by Moore, and once the biography was published, their family broke off contact with him.<sup id="cite_ref-derstandard_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derstandard-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rovelli" title="Carlo Rovelli">Carlo Rovelli</a> notes in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Helgoland_(book)" title="Helgoland (book)">Helgoland</a></i> that Schrödinger "always kept a number of relationships going at once – and made no secret of his fascination with preadolescent girls". In Ireland, Rovelli writes, he fathered children from two students<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identified in a <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Standard" title="Der Standard">Der Standard</a></i> article as being a 26-year-old and a married political activist of unknown age.<sup id="cite_ref-derstandard_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derstandard-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moore's book described both of these episodes, giving the name Kate Nolan as a pseudonym for the first and naming the other as Sheila May, though neither were students.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10-11_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10-11-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book also described an episode of Schrödinger being "infatuated" with a twelve-year-old girl, Barbara MacEntee, while in Ireland. He desisted from attentions after a "serious word" from someone, and later "listed her among the unrequited loves of his life."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This episode from the book was highlighted by the <i>Irish Times</i> article and others.<sup id="cite_ref-derstandard_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derstandard-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walter Moore stated that Schrödinger's attitude towards women was "that of a male supremacist",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_8_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_8-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but that he disliked the "official misogyny" at Oxford which socially excluded women. <a href="/wiki/Helge_Kragh" title="Helge Kragh">Helge Kragh</a>, in his review of Moore's biography, said the "conquest of women, especially very young women, was the salt of life for this sincere romantic and male chauvinist".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The physics department of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> announced in January 2022 that they would recommend a lecture theatre that had been named for Schrödinger since the 1990s be renamed in light of his history of sexual abuse,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a picture of the scientist would be removed, and the renaming of an eponymous lecture series would be considered.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_interests_and_life_of_the_mind">Academic interests and life of the mind</h2></div> <p>Early in his life, Schrödinger experimented in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_electricity" title="Atmospheric electricity">atmospheric electricity</a>, and atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactivity</a>, but he usually worked with his former teacher Franz Exner. He also studied <a href="/wiki/Molecular_vibration" title="Molecular vibration">vibrational</a> theory, the theory of <a href="/wiki/Brownian_motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_statistics" title="Mathematical statistics">mathematical statistics</a>. In 1912, at the request of the editors of the <i>Handbook of Electricity and Magnetism</i>, Schrödinger wrote an article titled <i>Dielectrism</i>. That same year, Schrödinger gave a theoretical estimate of the probable height distribution of radioactive substances, which is required to explain the observed radioactivity of the atmosphere, and in August 1913 executed several experiments in Zeehame that confirmed his theoretical estimate and those of Victor Franz Hess. For this work, Schrödinger was awarded the 1920 <a href="/wiki/Haitinger_Prize" title="Haitinger Prize">Haitinger Prize</a> (Haitinger-Preis) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-Mehra_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehra-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other experimental studies conducted by the young researcher in 1914 were checking formulas for capillary pressure in gas bubbles and the study of the properties of soft <a href="/wiki/Beta_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta radiation">beta radiation</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Gamma_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma rays">gamma rays</a> striking a metal surface. The last work he performed together with his friend Fritz Kohlrausch. In 1919, Schrödinger performed his last physical experiment on <a href="/wiki/Coherent_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Coherent light">coherent light</a> and subsequently focused on theoretical studies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quantum_mechanics">Quantum mechanics</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_quantum_theory">New quantum theory</h4></div> <p>In the first years of his career, Schrödinger became acquainted with the ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Old_quantum_theory" title="Old quantum theory">old quantum theory</a>, developed in the works of Einstein, <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a>, and others. This knowledge helped him work on some problems in <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physics</a>, but the Austrian scientist at the time was not yet ready to part with the traditional methods of <a href="/wiki/Classical_physics" title="Classical physics">classical physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schrödinger's first publications about atomic theory and the theory of spectra began to emerge only from the beginning of the 1920s, after his personal acquaintance with Sommerfeld and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> and his move to Germany. In January 1921, Schrödinger finished his first article on this subject, about the framework of the <a href="/wiki/Bohr-Sommerfeld_quantization" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization">Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization</a> of the interaction of electrons on some features of the spectra of the alkali metals. Of particular interest to him was the introduction of relativistic considerations in quantum theory. In autumn 1922, he analyzed the electron orbits in an atom from a geometric point of view, using methods developed by his friend <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weyl" title="Hermann Weyl">Hermann Weyl</a>. This work, in which it was shown that quantum orbits are associated with certain geometric properties, was an important step in predicting some of the features of wave mechanics. Earlier in the same year, he created the Schrödinger equation of the <a href="/wiki/Relativistic_Doppler_effect" title="Relativistic Doppler effect">relativistic Doppler effect</a> for spectral lines, based on the hypothesis of light quanta and considerations of energy and momentum. He liked the idea of his teacher Exner on the statistical nature of the conservation laws, so he enthusiastically embraced the <a href="/wiki/BKS_theory" title="BKS theory">BKS theory</a> of Bohr, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Kramers" title="Hans Kramers">Hans Kramers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a>, which suggested the possibility of violation of these laws in individual atomic processes (for example, in the process of emission of radiation). Although the <a href="/wiki/Bothe%E2%80%93Geiger_coincidence_experiment" title="Bothe–Geiger coincidence experiment">Bothe–Geiger coincidence experiment</a> soon cast doubt on this, the idea of energy as a statistical concept was a lifelong attraction for Schrödinger, and he discussed it in some reports and publications.<sup id="cite_ref-jammer_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jammer-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creation_of_wave_mechanics">Creation of wave mechanics</h4></div> <p>In January 1926, Schrödinger published in <i><a href="/wiki/Annalen_der_Physik" title="Annalen der Physik">Annalen der Physik</a></i> the paper "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem</i></span>" (Quantization as an <a href="/wiki/Eigenvalue" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigenvalue">Eigenvalue</a> Problem)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on wave mechanics and presented what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. In this paper, he gave a "derivation" of the wave equation for time-independent systems and showed that it gave the correct energy eigenvalues for a hydrogen-like atom. This paper has been universally celebrated as one of the most important achievements of the twentieth century and created a revolution in most areas of quantum mechanics and indeed of all physics and chemistry. A second paper was submitted just four weeks later that solved the <a href="/wiki/Quantum_harmonic_oscillator" title="Quantum harmonic oscillator">quantum harmonic oscillator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigid_rotor" title="Rigid rotor">rigid rotor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diatomic_molecule" title="Diatomic molecule">diatomic molecule</a> problems and gave a new derivation of the Schrödinger equation. A third paper, published in May, showed the equivalence of his approach to that of <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Matrix_mechanics" title="Matrix mechanics">matrix mechanics</a> and gave the treatment of the <a href="/wiki/Stark_effect" title="Stark effect">Stark effect</a>. A fourth paper in this series showed how to treat problems in which the system changes with time, as in scattering problems. In this paper, he introduced a complex solution to the wave equation in order to prevent the occurrence of fourth- and sixth-order differential equations. Schrödinger ultimately reduced the order of the equation to one.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schrödinger was not entirely comfortable with the implications of quantum theory referring to his theory as "wave mechanics".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote about the probability interpretation of quantum mechanics, saying, "I don't like it, and I'm sorry I ever had anything to do with it." (Just in order to ridicule the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation" title="Copenhagen interpretation">Copenhagen interpretation</a> of quantum mechanics, he contrived the famous thought experiment called <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat" title="Schrödinger's cat">Schrödinger's cat</a> paradox<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was said to have angrily complained to his students that "<i>now the damned Göttingen physicists use my beautiful wave mechanics for calculating their shitty matrix elements.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Work_on_a_unified_field_theory">Work on a unified field theory</h4></div> <p>Following his work on quantum mechanics, Schrödinger devoted considerable effort to working on a <a href="/wiki/Unified_field_theory" title="Unified field theory">unified field theory</a> that would unite <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a>, and nuclear forces within the basic framework of <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">general relativity</a>, doing the work with an extended correspondence with Albert Einstein.<sup id="cite_ref-Halpern_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halpern-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, he announced a result, "Affine Field Theory",<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a talk at the Royal Irish Academy, but the announcement was criticized by Einstein as "preliminary" and failed to lead to the desired unified theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Halpern_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halpern-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the failure of his attempt at unification, Schrödinger gave up his work on unification and turned to other topics. Additionally, Schrödinger reportedly never collaborated with a major physicist for the remainder of his career.<sup id="cite_ref-Halpern_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halpern-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color">Color</h3></div> <p>Schrödinger had a strong interest in <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, in particular <a href="/wiki/Color_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Color perception">color perception</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">colorimetry</a> (German: <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Farbenmetrik</i></span></i>). He spent quite a few years of his life working on these questions and published a series of papers in this area: </p> <ul><li>"Theorie der Pigmente von größter Leuchtkraft", <i><a href="/wiki/Annalen_der_Physik" title="Annalen der Physik">Annalen der Physik</a></i>, (4), 62, (1920), 603–22 (Theory of Pigments with Highest Luminosity)</li> <li>"Grundlinien einer Theorie der Farbenmetrik im Tagessehen", <i>Annalen der Physik</i>, (4), 63, (1920), 397–456; 481–520 (Outline of a theory of colour measurement for daylight vision)</li> <li>"Farbenmetrik", <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Zeitschrift für Physik">Zeitschrift für Physik</a></i>, 1, (1920), 459–66 (Colour measurement).</li> <li>"Über das Verhältnis der Vierfarben- zur Dreifarben-Theorie", <i>Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse</i>, Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 134, 471, (On The Relationship of Four-Color Theory to Three-Color Theory).</li> <li>"Lehre von der strahlenden Energie", <i><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Jakob_M%C3%BCller" title="Johann Heinrich Jakob Müller">Müller</a>-<a href="/wiki/Claude_Pouillet" title="Claude Pouillet">Pouillets</a> Lehrbuch der Physik und Meteorologie</i>, Vol 2, Part 1 (1926) (Thresholds of Color Differences).</li></ul> <p>His work on the psychology of color perception follows the step of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a> in the same area. Some of these papers have been translated into English and can be found in: <i>Sources of Colour Science</i>, Ed. David L. MacAdam, MIT Press (1970) and in <i>Erwin Schrödinger’s Color Theory, Translated with Modern Commentary</i>, Ed. Keith K. Niall, Springer (2017). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-64619-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-64619-0">978-3-319-64619-0</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-64621-3">10.1007/978-3-319-64621-3</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interest_in_philosophy">Interest in philosophy</h3></div> <p>Schrödinger had a deep interest in philosophy, and was influenced by the works of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>. In his 1956 lecture "Mind and Matter", he said that "The world extended in <a href="/wiki/Space_and_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Space and time">space and time</a> is but our <a href="/wiki/Mental_representation" title="Mental representation">representation</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a repetition of the first words of Schopenhauer's main work. Schopenhauer's works also introduced him to <a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a>, more specifically to the <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a>’s interpretation. He once took on a particular line of thought: "If the world is indeed created by our act of observation, there should be billions of such worlds, one for each of us. How come your world and my world are the same? If something happens in my world, does it happen in your world, too? What causes all these worlds to synchronize with each other?". </p> <blockquote><p>There is obviously only one alternative, namely the unification of minds or consciousnesses. Their multiplicity is only apparent, in truth there is only one mind. This is the doctrine of the Upanishads.<sup id="cite_ref-Schrödinger_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schrödinger-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Schrödinger discussed topics such as <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">mind–body problem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sense_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Sense perception">sense perception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Objective_reality" class="mw-redirect" title="Objective reality">objective reality</a> in his lectures and writings.<sup id="cite_ref-Schrödinger_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schrödinger-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schrödinger's attitude with respect to the relations between Eastern and Western thought was one of prudence, expressing appreciation for Eastern philosophy while also admitting that some of the ideas did not fit with empirical approaches to natural philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-Bitbol_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bitbol-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some commentators have suggested that Schrödinger was so deeply immersed in a non-dualist Vedântic-like view that it may have served as a broad framework or subliminal inspiration for much of his work including that in theoretical physics.<sup id="cite_ref-Bitbol_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bitbol-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrödinger expressed sympathy for the idea of <a href="/wiki/Tat_tvam_asi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tat tvam asi"><i>Tat Tvam Asi</i></a>, stating "you can throw yourself flat on the ground, stretched out upon <a href="/wiki/Mother_Nature" title="Mother Nature">Mother Earth</a>, with the certain conviction that you are one with her and she with you."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schrödinger said that "Consciousness cannot be accounted for in physical terms. For consciousness is absolutely fundamental. It cannot be accounted for in terms of anything else."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <p>The philosophical issues raised by Schrödinger's cat are still debated today and remain his most enduring legacy in <a href="/wiki/Popular_science" title="Popular science">popular science</a>, while Schrödinger's equation is his most enduring legacy at a more technical level. Schrödinger is one of several individuals who have been called "the father of quantum mechanics". The large crater <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_(crater)" title="Schrödinger (crater)">Schrödinger</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>, is named after him. The <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_International_Institute_for_Mathematical_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematical Physics">Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematical Physics</a> was founded in Vienna in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schrödinger's portrait was the main feature of the design of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_schilling#Banknotes" title="Austrian schilling">1983–97 Austrian 1000-schilling banknote</a>, the second-highest denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A building is named after him at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>, in Limerick, Ireland,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is the 'Erwin Schrödinger Zentrum' at <a href="/wiki/Adlershof" title="Adlershof">Adlershof</a> in Berlin<sup id="cite_ref-EYCNDA_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EYCNDA-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_at_CERN" title="List of streets at CERN">Route Schrödinger</a> at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vessin-Mo%C3%ABns" title="Prévessin-Moëns">Prévessin</a>, France. </p><p>Schrödinger's 126th birthday anniversary in 2013 was celebrated with a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Nobel_Prize_diploma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Nobel_Prize_diploma.jpg/220px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Nobel_Prize_diploma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Nobel_Prize_diploma.jpg/330px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Nobel_Prize_diploma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Nobel_Prize_diploma.jpg/440px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Nobel_Prize_diploma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3139" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Erwin Schrödinger's Nobel Prize diploma</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Haitinger_Prize" title="Haitinger Prize">Haitinger Prize</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austrian Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Matteucci_Medal" title="Matteucci Medal">Matteucci Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_nazionale_delle_scienze" title="Accademia nazionale delle scienze">Accademia nazionale delle scienze</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy#Honorary_membership" title="Royal Irish Academy">Honorary membership of the Royal Irish Academy</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> for the formulation of the <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation" title="Schrödinger equation">Schrödinger equation</a> – shared with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobel_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Medal" title="Max Planck Medal">Max Planck Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_Physical_Society" title="German Physical Society">German Physical Society</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society#Foreign_member" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Foreign membership of the Royal Society</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_Prize" title="Erwin Schrödinger Prize">Erwin Schrödinger Prize</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austrian Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul> <p>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="List of things named after Erwin Schrödinger">List of things named after Erwin Schrödinger</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zbp.univie.ac.at/schrodinger/ebibliographie/publications.htm">The List of Erwin Schrödinger's publications</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029234511/https://www.zbp.univie.ac.at/schrodinger/ebibliographie/publications.htm">Archived</a> 29 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, compiled by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Dick" title="Auguste Dick">Auguste Dick</a>, Gabriele Kerber, Wolfgang Kerber and Karl von Meyenn</li> <li><i>Science and the human temperament</i> <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen & Unwin">Allen & Unwin</a> (1935), translated and introduced by <a href="/wiki/James_Vincent_Murphy" title="James Vincent Murphy">James Murphy</a>, with a foreword by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li><i>Nature and the Greeks</i> and <i>Science and Humanism</i> Cambridge University Press (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57550-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57550-8">978-0-521-57550-8</a>.</li> <li><i>The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics</i> Ox Bow Press (1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881987-09-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881987-09-3">978-1-881987-09-3</a>.</li> <li><i>Statistical Thermodynamics</i> Dover Publications (1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-66101-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-66101-8">978-0-486-66101-8</a>.</li> <li><i>Collected papers</i> Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn (1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0573-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0573-2">978-3-7001-0573-2</a>.</li> <li><i>My View of the World</i> Ox Bow Press (1983) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-918024-30-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-918024-30-5">978-0-918024-30-5</a>.</li> <li><i>Expanding Universes</i> Cambridge University Press (1956).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Space_Time_Structure.html?id=XDDeVD_QZfcC"><i>Space-Time Structure</i></a> Cambridge University Press (1950) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31520-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31520-3">978-0-521-31520-3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_Life%3F" title="What Is Life?">What Is Life?</a></i> Macmillan (1944).</li> <li><i>What Is Life? & Mind and Matter</i> Cambridge University Press (1974) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09397-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09397-2">978-0-521-09397-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=53005">Erwin Schrödinger</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-formemrs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitler1961" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heitler" title="Walter Heitler">Heitler, W.</a> (1961). "Erwin Schrödinger. 1887–1961". <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>7</b>: 221–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1961.0017">10.1098/rsbm.1961.0017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger.+1887%E2%80%931961&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=221-226&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1961.0017&rft.aulast=Heitler&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/schrodinger">"Schrödinger"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813223013/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/schrodinger">Archived</a> 13 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBub2023" class="citation cs2">Bub, Jeffrey (2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2023/entries/qt-entangle/">"Quantum Entanglement and Information"</a>, in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> (Summer 2023 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quantum+Entanglement+and+Information&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.edition=Summer+2023&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Bub&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fsum2023%2Fentries%2Fqt-entangle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGribbin2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gribbin" title="John Gribbin">Gribbin, John</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/erwinschrodinger0000grib_z4a7/mode/1up"><i>Erwin Schrodinger and the Quantum Revolution</i></a>. Trade Paper Press. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118299265" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118299265"><bdi>978-1118299265</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erwin+Schrodinger+and+the+Quantum+Revolution&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Trade+Paper+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1118299265&rft.aulast=Gribbin&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ferwinschrodinger0000grib_z4a7%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArianrhod2017" class="citation web cs1">Arianrhod, Robyn (5 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/physics/einstein-bohr-and-the-origins-of-entanglement/">"Einstein, Bohr and the origins of entanglement"</a>. <i>cosmosmagazine.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044329/https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/physics/einstein-bohr-and-the-origins-of-entanglement/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cosmosmagazine.com&rft.atitle=Einstein%2C+Bohr+and+the+origins+of+entanglement&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=Arianrhod&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcosmosmagazine.com%2Fscience%2Fphysics%2Feinstein-bohr-and-the-origins-of-entanglement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristandl2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Christandl, Matthias (2006). <i>The Structure of Bipartite Quantum States - Insights from Group Theory and Cryptography</i> (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. pp. vi, iv. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0604183">quant-ph/0604183</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT.......289C">2006PhDT.......289C</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Structure+of+Bipartite+Quantum+States+-+Insights+from+Group+Theory+and+Cryptography&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fquant-ph%2F0604183&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PhDT.......289C&rft.aulast=Christandl&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frs_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeitler1961" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heitler" title="Walter Heitler">Heitler, W.</a> (1961). "Erwin Schrodinger. 1887–1961". <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>7</b>: 221–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1961.0017">10.1098/rsbm.1961.0017</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/769408">769408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Erwin+Schrodinger.+1887%E2%80%931961&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=221-226&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1961.0017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F769408%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Heitler&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter J. Moore. <i>Schrödinger: Life and Thought</i>. Cambridge, England, UK: Press Syndicate of Cambridge University Press, 1989. p.194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mactutorA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mactutorA_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schrodinger.html">"Erwin Schrödinger"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FSchrodinger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrodinger" class="citation web cs1">Schrodinger, Rudolf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/?q=author%20std%3ASchr%C3%B6dinger">"The International Plant Names Index"</a>. IPNI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813223013/https://www.ipni.org/?q=author%20std:Schr%C3%B6dinger">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Plant+Names+Index&rft.pub=IPNI&rft.aulast=Schrodinger&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2F%3Fq%3Dauthor%2520std%253ASchr%25C3%25B6dinger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_1933_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/schrodinger/biographical/"><i>Physics 1922-1941</i></a>. Nobel Lectures. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company. 1965. Erwin Schrödinger Biographical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307163835/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/schrodinger/biographical/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2023</span> – via nobelprize.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+1922-1941&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.series=Nobel+Lectures&rft.pages=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger+Biographical&rft.pub=Elsevier+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1933%2Fschrodinger%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore199413–18-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore199413–18_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1994">Moore 1994</a>, pp. 13–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1994">Moore 1994</a>, pp. 289–290 Quote: "In one respect, however, he is not a romantic: he does not idealize the person of the beloved, his highest praise is to consider her his equal. 'When you feel your own equal in the body of a beautiful woman, just as ready to forget the world for you as you for her – oh my good Lord – who can describe what happiness then. You can live it, now and again – you cannot speak of it.' Of course, he does speak of it, and almost always with religious imagery. Yet at this time he also wrote, 'By the way, I never realized that to be nonbelieving, to be an atheist, was a thing to be proud of. It went without saying as it were.' And in another place at about this same time: 'Our creed is indeed a queer creed. You others, Christians (and similar people), consider our ethics much inferior, indeed abominable. There is that little difference. We adhere to ours in practice, you don't.'"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Halpern2015" class="citation book cs1">Paul Halpern (2015). <i>Einstein's Dice and Schrödinger's Cat</i>. Perseus Books Group. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-07571-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-07571-3"><bdi>978-0-465-07571-3</bdi></a>. <q>In the presentation of a scientific problem, the other player is the good Lord. He has not only set the problem but also has devised the rules of the game--but they are not completely known, half of them are left for you to discover or deduce. I am very astonished that the scientific picture of the real world around me is very deficient. It gives a lot of factual information, puts all our experience in a magnificently consistent order, but is ghastly silent about all that is really near to our heart, that really matters to us. It cannot tell us a word about red and blue, bitter and sweet, physical pain and physical delight; it knows nothing of beautiful and ugly, good or bad, God and eternity. Science sometimes pretends to answer questions in these domains, but the answers are very often so silly that we are not inclined to take them seriously. I shall quite briefly mention here the notorious atheism of science. The theists reproach it for this again and again. Unjustly. A personal God cannot be encountered in a world picture that becomes accessible only at the price that everything personal is excluded from it. We know that whenever God is experienced, it is an experience exactly as real as a direct sense impression, as real as one's own personality. As such He must be missing from the space-time picture. "I do not meet with God in space and time", so says the honest scientific thinker, and for that reason he is reproached by those in whose catechism it is nevertheless stated: "God is a Spirit." Whence came I and whither go I? That is the great unfathomable question, the same for every one of us. Science has no answer for it</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Einstein%27s+Dice+and+Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s+Cat&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Perseus+Books+Group&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-465-07571-3&rft.au=Paul+Halpern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1992">Moore 1992</a>, p. 4 Quote: "He rejected traditional religious beliefs (Jewish, Christian, and Islamic) not on the basis of any reasoned argument, nor even with an expression of emotional antipathy, for he loved to use religious expressions and metaphors, but simply by saying that they are naive." ... "He claimed to be an atheist, but he always used religious symbolism and believed his scientific work was an approach to the godhead."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hof1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hof1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman,_D.1987" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, D. (1987). <i>Эрвин Шрёдингер</i>. Мир. pp. 13–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80&rft.pages=13-17&rft.pub=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1992278_ff.-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1992278_ff._18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1992">Moore 1992</a>, pp. 278 ff..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz106819.html">"Schrödinger, Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427042804/https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz106819.html">Archived</a> 27 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <i>Deutsche Biographie</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/1940/05/20/archive/bombay-university-names-refugee-scientist-to-faculty">"Bombay University Names Refugee Scientist to Faculty"</a>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 20 May 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027074754/http://www.jta.org/1940/05/20/archive/bombay-university-names-refugee-scientist-to-faculty">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bombay+University+Names+Refugee+Scientist+to+Faculty&rft.pub=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.date=1940-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F1940%2F05%2F20%2Farchive%2Fbombay-university-names-refugee-scientist-to-faculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhaumik2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bhaumik, Mani L. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12743%2Fquanta.v6i1.68">"Is Schrödinger's Cat Alive?"</a>. <i>Quanta</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 75. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.17086">2211.17086</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12743%2Fquanta.v6i1.68">10.12743/quanta.v6i1.68</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quanta&rft.atitle=Is+Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s+Cat+Alive%3F&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2211.17086&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12743%2Fquanta.v6i1.68&rft.aulast=Bhaumik&rft.aufirst=Mani+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.12743%252Fquanta.v6i1.68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lakhtakia1996-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lakhtakia1996_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lakhtakia1996_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhlesh_Lakhtakia1996" class="citation book cs1">Akhlesh Lakhtakia (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6lC6IG7NXmcC&pg=PA147"><i>Models and Modelers of Hydrogen: Thales, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Sommerfeld, Goudsmit, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Dirac, Sallhofer</i></a>. World Scientific. pp. 147–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-02-2302-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-02-2302-1"><bdi>978-981-02-2302-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Models+and+Modelers+of+Hydrogen%3A+Thales%2C+Thomson%2C+Rutherford%2C+Bohr%2C+Sommerfeld%2C+Goudsmit%2C+Heisenberg%2C+Schr%C3%B6dinger%2C+Dirac%2C+Sallhofer&rft.pages=147-&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-981-02-2302-1&rft.au=Akhlesh+Lakhtakia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6lC6IG7NXmcC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mactutorB-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mactutorB_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mactutorB_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mactutorB_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Schrodinger/">"Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104063158/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Printonly/Schrodinger.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erwin+Rudolf+Josef+Alexander+Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.pub=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FSchrodinger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaugherty" class="citation web cs1">Daugherty, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309141433/http://bdaugherty.tripod.com/berlin/schrodinger.html">"Brief Chronology"</a>. <i>Erwin Schrödinger</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdaugherty.tripod.com/berlin/schrodinger.html">the original</a> on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.atitle=Brief+Chronology&rft.aulast=Daugherty&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbdaugherty.tripod.com%2Fberlin%2Fschrodinger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-quantum-leap-to-clontarf-1.454580">"A quantum leap to Clontarf"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927225530/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-quantum-leap-to-clontarf-1.454580">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=A+quantum+leap+to+Clontarf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fa-quantum-leap-to-clontarf-1.454580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusson2016" class="citation book cs1">Fergusson, Maggie (10 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=he_UDAAAQBAJ&q=erwin+schr%C3%B6dinger+plaque+dublin&pg=PT13"><i>Treasure Palaces: Great Writers Visit Great Museums</i></a>. Profile. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-278-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-278-2"><bdi>978-1-78283-278-2</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasure+Palaces%3A+Great+Writers+Visit+Great+Museums&rft.pub=Profile&rft.date=2016-11-10&rft.isbn=978-1-78283-278-2&rft.aulast=Fergusson&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhe_UDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Derwin%2Bschr%25C3%25B6dinger%2Bplaque%2Bdublin%26pg%3DPT13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openplaques.org/plaques/9190">"Erwin Schrödinger blue plaque"</a>. <i>openplaques.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610214232/https://openplaques.org/plaques/9190">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openplaques.org&rft.atitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger+blue+plaque&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenplaques.org%2Fplaques%2F9190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1992373-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1992373_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1992">Moore 1992</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClary2022" class="citation journal cs1">Clary, David C. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2021.0082">"Foreign Membership of the Royal Society: Schrödinger and Heisenberg?"</a>. <i>Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science</i>. <b>77</b> (3): 513–536. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2021.0082">10.1098/rsnr.2021.0082</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247599443">247599443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records%3A+The+Royal+Society+Journal+of+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=Foreign+Membership+of+the+Royal+Society%3A+Schr%C3%B6dinger+and+Heisenberg%3F&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=513-536&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2021.0082&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A247599443%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Clary&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsnr.2021.0082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_schrodinger.html">"Erwin Schrödinger - Important Scientists – The Physics of the Universe"</a>. <i>www.physicsoftheuniverse.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219112213/https://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_schrodinger.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.physicsoftheuniverse.com&rft.atitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger+-+Important+Scientists+%E2%80%93+The+Physics+of+the+Universe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicsoftheuniverse.com%2Fscientists_schrodinger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrick1988" class="citation book cs1">Crick, Francis (1988). <i>What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery</i>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-09137-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-09137-7"><bdi>0-465-09137-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Mad+Pursuit%3A+A+Personal+View+of+Scientific+Discovery&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-465-09137-7&rft.aulast=Crick&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130418015552/http://www.kingshospital.ie/thekingshospital/Files/Schroedinger%20Bluecoat.pdf">"Fragment from an unpublished dialogue of Galileo"</a> manuscript</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahlstrom, Dick (18 April 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2012/0418/1224314875355.html">'Quantum humour' beams back after absence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418061601/https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2012/0418/1224314875355.html">Archived</a> 18 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhlstrom" class="citation news cs1">Ahlstrom, Dick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/quantum-humour-beams-back-after-absence-1.503342">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Quantum humour' beams back after absence"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116191431/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/quantum-humour-beams-back-after-absence-1.503342">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=%27Quantum+humour%27+beams+back+after+absence&rft.aulast=Ahlstrom&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fquantum-humour-beams-back-after-absence-1.503342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219131850/http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/biographies/bio_schrodinger-erwin.html">"Nuclear Files: Library: Biographies: Erwin Schrödinger"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/biographies/bio_schrodinger-erwin.html">the original</a> on 19 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Files%3A+Library%3A+Biographies%3A+Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuclearfiles.org%2Fmenu%2Flibrary%2Fbiographies%2Fbio_schrodinger-erwin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schrödinger, Are There Quantum Jumps, 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ub.edu/hcub/hfq/sites/default/files/Quantum_Jumps_I.pdf">http://www.ub.edu/hcub/hfq/sites/default/files/Quantum_Jumps_I.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411004001/http://www.ub.edu/hcub/hfq/sites/default/files/Quantum_Jumps_I.pdf">Archived</a> 11 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1992194-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1992194_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1992">Moore 1992</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore199210-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore199210_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore199210_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1992">Moore 1992</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1992">Moore 1992</a>, p. 482: "There was some problem about burial in the churchyard since Erwin was not a Catholic, but the priest relented when informed that he was a member in good standing of the Papal Academy, and a plot was made available at the edge of the Friedhof."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1992">Moore 1992</a> discusses Schrödinger's unconventional relationships, including his affair with Hildegunde March, in chapters seven and eight, "Berlin" and "Exile in Oxford".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronan Fanning, <i>Éamon de Valera: A Will to Power</i>, Faber & Faber, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan,_Greg2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan, Greg (3 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brooklynrail.org/2013/06/books/searching-for-the-man-behind-the-cat">"Searching for the Man Behind the Cat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brooklyn_Rail" title="The Brooklyn Rail">The Brooklyn Rail</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190829164321/https://brooklynrail.org/2013/06/books/searching-for-the-man-behind-the-cat">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Rail&rft.atitle=Searching+for+the+Man+Behind+the+Cat&rft.date=2013-06-03&rft.au=Ryan%2C+Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrooklynrail.org%2F2013%2F06%2Fbooks%2Fsearching-for-the-man-behind-the-cat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGribbin2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2019]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2019)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGribbin2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2019]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2019)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGribbin2012">Gribbin 2012</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1989">Moore 1989</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaschwer2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Taschwer, Klaus (20 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000140122217/schroedingers-verlorene-ehre-und-ein-versuch-ihrer-wiederherstellung">"Schrödingers verlorene Ehre – und ein Versuch ihrer Wiederherstellung"</a>. <i>Der Standard</i> (in Austrian German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Standard&rft.atitle=Schr%C3%B6dingers+verlorene+Ehre+%E2%80%93+und+ein+Versuch+ihrer+Wiederherstellung&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft.aulast=Taschwer&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derstandard.de%2Fstory%2F2000140122217%2Fschroedingers-verlorene-ehre-und-ein-versuch-ihrer-wiederherstellung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphreys-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Humphreys_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys2021" class="citation news cs1">Humphreys, Joe (11 December 2021). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/how-erwin-schr%C3%B6dinger-indulged-his-lolita-complex-in-ireland-1.4749204">"How Erwin Schrödinger indulged his 'Lolita complex' in Ireland"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230227041053/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/how-erwin-schr%C3%B6dinger-indulged-his-lolita-complex-in-ireland-1.4749204">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=How+Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger+indulged+his+%27Lolita+complex%27+in+Ireland&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Flife-and-style%2Fpeople%2Fhow-erwin-schr%25C3%25B6dinger-indulged-his-lolita-complex-in-ireland-1.4749204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-derstandard-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-derstandard_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-derstandard_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-derstandard_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000132657725/erwin-schroedinger-missbrauchstaeter-undoder-rufmordopfer">"Erwin Schrödinger: Missbrauchstäter und/oder Rufmordopfer?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Standard" title="Der Standard">Der Standard</a></i> (in Austrian German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206152925/https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000132657725/erwin-schroedinger-missbrauchstaeter-undoder-rufmordopfer">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Standard&rft.atitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger%3A+Missbrauchst%C3%A4ter+und%2Foder+Rufmordopfer%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derstandard.at%2Fstory%2F2000132657725%2Ferwin-schroedinger-missbrauchstaeter-undoder-rufmordopfer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRovelli2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rovelli" title="Carlo Rovelli">Rovelli, Carlo</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1202306074"><i>Helgoland: Making Sense of the Quantum Revolution</i></a>. Translated by Segre, Erica; Carnell, Simon (First North American ed.). New York. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-593-32888-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-593-32888-0"><bdi>978-0-593-32888-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1202306074">1202306074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helgoland%3A+Making+Sense+of+the+Quantum+Revolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=20&rft.edition=First+North+American&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1202306074&rft.isbn=978-0-593-32888-0&rft.aulast=Rovelli&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1202306074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10-11-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10-11_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1989">Moore 1989</a>, chapter 10-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_10_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1989">Moore 1989</a>, chapter 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_8-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1989chapter_8_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1989">Moore 1989</a>, chapter 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKragh1990" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helge_Kragh" title="Helge Kragh">Kragh, Helge</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4026738">"Review of Schrödinger. Life and Thought"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_British_Journal_for_the_History_of_Science" title="The British Journal for the History of Science">The British Journal for the History of Science</a></i>. <b>23</b> (2): 231–233. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-0874">0007-0874</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4026738">4026738</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202020613/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4026738">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+for+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=Review+of+Schr%C3%B6dinger.+Life+and+Thought&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=231-233&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4026738%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0007-0874&rft.aulast=Kragh&rft.aufirst=Helge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4026738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorr2022" class="citation news cs1">Corr, Julianne (25 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/trinity-to-drop-schroedinger-lecture-theatre-name-over-sex-abuse-52t3v06vq">"Trinity to drop Schrödinger lecture theatre name over sex abuse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307163939/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/trinity-to-drop-schroedinger-lecture-theatre-name-over-sex-abuse-52t3v06vq">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Trinity+to+drop+Schr%C3%B6dinger+lecture+theatre+name+over+sex+abuse&rft.date=2022-01-25&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Corr&rft.aufirst=Julianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ftrinity-to-drop-schroedinger-lecture-theatre-name-over-sex-abuse-52t3v06vq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalerno2022" class="citation news cs1">Salerno, Bella (8 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trinitynews.ie/2022/02/schrodinger-lecture-theatre-to-be-renamed-the-physics-lecture-theatre/">"Schrödinger Lecture Theatre to be renamed the Physics Lecture Theater"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Trinity_News" title="Trinity News">Trinity News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307163942/https://trinitynews.ie/2022/02/schrodinger-lecture-theatre-to-be-renamed-the-physics-lecture-theatre/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>. <q>The Schrödinger Lecture Theatre is to be renamed the Physics Lecture Theatre, as it was known during the early to mid 20th century. ... "...it was clear that a large majority of both staff and students now favour changing the name [of] the lecture theatre in the Fitzgerald Building that has borne his name since the 1990s" ... "The current approach continues to honour the indisputable scientific contribution of Erwin Schrödinger, while acknowledging disturbing information – much of it from Schrödinger's own diaries – which is now also known." ... a portrait of Schrödinger will be removed from the Fitzgerald building.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trinity+News&rft.atitle=Schr%C3%B6dinger+Lecture+Theatre+to+be+renamed+the+Physics+Lecture+Theater&rft.date=2022-02-08&rft.aulast=Salerno&rft.aufirst=Bella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrinitynews.ie%2F2022%2F02%2Fschrodinger-lecture-theatre-to-be-renamed-the-physics-lecture-theatre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehra-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mehra_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehraRechenberg1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Mehra" title="Jagdish Mehra">Mehra, J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Rechenberg" title="Helmut Rechenberg">Rechenberg, H.</a> (1987). <i>Erwin Schrödinger and the Rise of Wave Mechanics</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-95179-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-95179-9"><bdi>978-0-387-95179-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/692702783">692702783</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger+and+the+Rise+of+Wave+Mechanics&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F692702783&rft.isbn=978-0-387-95179-9&rft.aulast=Mehra&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Rechenberg%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1984" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Earnst Peter (Autumn 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40970963">"We Are All Aspects of One Single Being: An Introduction to Erwin Schrödinger"</a>. <i>Social Research</i>. <b>51</b> (3). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 809–835. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40970963">40970963</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11616408">11616408</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206162904/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40970963">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span> – via JSTORE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Research&rft.atitle=We+Are+All+Aspects+of+One+Single+Being%3A+An+Introduction+to+Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=809-835&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40970963%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11616408&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Earnst+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40970963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jammer-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jammer_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJammer1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Jammer" title="Max Jammer">Jammer, Max</a> (1989) [1966]. <i>The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics</i>. New York: American Institute of Physics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88318-617-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88318-617-6"><bdi>978-0-88318-617-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/300417620">300417620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conceptual+Development+of+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F300417620&rft.isbn=978-0-88318-617-6&rft.aulast=Jammer&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrodinger1926" class="citation journal cs1">Schrodinger, Erwin (1926). "Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem". <i><a href="/wiki/Annalen_der_Physik" title="Annalen der Physik">Annalen der Physik</a></i>. <b>384</b> (4): 273–376. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1926AnP...384..361S">1926AnP...384..361S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.19263840404">10.1002/andp.19263840404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Quantisierung+als+Eigenwertproblem&rft.volume=384&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=273-376&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.19263840404&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1926AnP...384..361S&rft.aulast=Schrodinger&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreams_That_Stuff_Is_Made_Of" title="The Dreams That Stuff Is Made Of">The Dreams That Stuff Is Made Of</a>: The Most Astounding Papers of Quantum Physics—and How They Shook the Scientific World</i>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, (editor), the papers by Schrödinger.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beller, Mara. “Matrix Theory before Schrodinger: Philosophy, Problems, Consequences.” Isis, vol. 74, no. 4, [The University of Chicago Press, The History of Science Society], 1983, pp. 469–91, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/232208">http://www.jstor.org/stable/232208</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006103703/https://www.jstor.org/stable/232208">Archived</a> 6 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "The Gottingen-Copenhagen physicists, however, presented a united front. They cooperated intimately, each contributing extensively to the emergence of the new philosophy. The distribution of talents in the Gottingen-Copenhagen group could not have been better. The youthful vigor and brilliance of Heisenberg, together with the mathematical virtuosity of Dirac, Jordan, and Born, were balanced by Bohr's philosophical profundity and Pauli's penetrating critical mind."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stone, A. Douglas (2013). "Confusion and Then Uncertainty." <i>Einstein and the Quantum: The Quest of the Valiant Swabian</i>. Princeton University Press, pp. 268–78, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fgxvv.32">http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fgxvv.32</a>."Ironically, Schrödinger was correct; his method was much more intuitive and visualizable than that of Heisenberg and Born, and it has become the overwhelmingly preferred method for presenting the subject. But with Born's probabilistic interpretation of the wave-function, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and Bohr's mysterious complementarity principle, the 'Copenhagen interpretation' reigned supreme, and the term 'wave mechanics' disappeared; it was all quantum mechanics."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/26/science/a-quantum-sampler.html">"A Quantum Sampler"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 26 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915080006/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/26/science/a-quantum-sampler.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Werner Heisenberg: Die Sprache der Atome" Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 485, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-540-69222-5">https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-540-69222-5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528034502/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-540-69222-5">Archived</a> 28 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "Noch drastischer sollte Schrödinger seine Meinung im Züricher Seminar nach einem Vortrag über eine neue Arbeit der Konkurrenten ausgedrückt haben. Er setzte sich nachher leicht verzweifelt und verärgert auf die Straße und sagte: "<i>Jetzt benützen die verdammten Göttinger meine schöne Wellenmechanik zur Ausrechnung ihrer Scheiß-Matrixelemente.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halpern-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halpern_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halpern_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halpern_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2015" class="citation web cs1">Halpern, Paul (1 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/battle-of-the-nobel-laureates-712d444610d3">"Battle of the Nobel Laureates"</a>. <i>Starts With A Bang!</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011418/https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/battle-of-the-nobel-laureates-712d444610d3">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Starts+With+A+Bang%21&rft.atitle=Battle+of+the+Nobel+Laureates&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fstarts-with-a-bang%2Fbattle-of-the-nobel-laureates-712d444610d3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schrödinger, E., <i>Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy</i>, Vol. 51A (1947), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://einstein-schrodinger.com/schrodingerI.html">pp. 163–171</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406052716/http://einstein-schrodinger.com/schrodingerI.html">Archived</a> 6 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (accessed 3 November 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrödinger1992" class="citation book cs1">Schrödinger, Erwin (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47010639"><i>What is life? : the physical aspect of the living cell; with Mind and matter; & Autobiographical sketches</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-511-00114-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-511-00114-2"><bdi>0-511-00114-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47010639">47010639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+life%3F+%3A+the+physical+aspect+of+the+living+cell%3B+with+Mind+and+matter%3B+%26+Autobiographical+sketches&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47010639&rft.isbn=0-511-00114-2&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F47010639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schrödinger-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schrödinger_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schrödinger_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schrödinger, Erwin. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009070208/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-doodle-honours-quantum-physicist-erwin-schr-dinger-and-his-theoretical-cat-8756744.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Taub">Taub, A.</a> (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1951-57-03/S0002-9904-1951-09494-X/S0002-9904-1951-09494-X.pdf">"Review: <i>Space-time structure</i> by Erwin Schrödinger"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>57</b> (3): 205–206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1951-09494-x">10.1090/s0002-9904-1951-09494-x</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621233643/https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1951-57-03/S0002-9904-1951-09494-X/S0002-9904-1951-09494-X.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Space-time+structure+by+Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=205-206&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1951-09494-x&rft.au=Taub%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1951-57-03%2FS0002-9904-1951-09494-X%2FS0002-9904-1951-09494-X.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1989" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Walter J[ohn] (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblio.com/9780521354349"><i>Schrödinger – Life and Thought</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43767-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43767-7"><bdi>978-0-521-43767-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schr%C3%B6dinger+%E2%80%93+Life+and+Thought&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43767-7&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Walter+J%5Bohn%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblio.com%2F9780521354349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1992" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Walter J[ohn] (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m-YF1glKWLoC"><i>Schrödinger – Life and Thought</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43767-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43767-7"><bdi>978-0-521-43767-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schr%C3%B6dinger+%E2%80%93+Life+and+Thought&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43767-7&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Walter+J%5Bohn%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm-YF1glKWLoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1994" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Walter J[ohn] (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeoferwinschro0000moor"><i>A Life of Erwin Schrödinger</i></a></span> (Canto ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994les..book.....M">1994les..book.....M</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46934-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46934-0"><bdi>978-0-521-46934-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Life+of+Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.edition=Canto&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994les..book.....M&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46934-0&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Walter+J%5Bohn%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeoferwinschro0000moor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGribbin2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gribbin" title="John Gribbin">Gribbin, John</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L0zc32HdrN4C"><i>Erwin Schrödinger and the Quantum Revolution</i></a>. Transworld. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-6571-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4464-6571-4"><bdi>978-1-4464-6571-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger+and+the+Quantum+Revolution&rft.pub=Transworld&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4464-6571-4&rft.aulast=Gribbin&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL0zc32HdrN4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErwin+Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money1.htm">Erwin Schrödinger and others on Austrian banknotes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GZdZUouzBY"><span class="plainlinks">1927 Solvay video with opening shot of Schrödinger</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univie.ac.at/zbph/ausstellung/schroedinger/bio/bio1.htm">biographie</a></i>" (in German) or</li> <li>"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univie.ac.at/zbph/ausstellung/schroedinger/ebio/bio1.htm">Biography from the Austrian Central Library for Physics</a></i>" (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Erwin-Schrodinger">Encyclopædia Britannica article on Erwin Schrödinger</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/39">Erwin Schrödinger</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9130#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> with his Nobel Lecture, 12 December 1933 <i>The Fundamental Idea of Wave Mechanics</i></li> <li>Vallabhan, C. P. Girija, "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030816185613/http://www.photonics.cusat.edu/article2.html">Indian influences on Quantum Dynamics</a></i>" [<i>ed.</i> Schrödinger's interest in <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://watoc.net/watoc.schroedinger.html">Schrödinger Medal</a> of the World Association of Theoretically Oriented Chemists (<a href="/wiki/WATOC" class="mw-redirect" title="WATOC">WATOC</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051219215407/http://holiker.narod.ru/four/schrodinger-speech.html"><i>The Discovery of New Productive Forms of Atomic Theory</i> Nobel Banquet speech</a> (in German)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502072205/http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people%2FSchr%C3%B6dinger%2C+Erwin">Annotated bibliography for Erwin Schrödinger from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://disf.org/abbiamo-studiato-per-voi/9788845911248">Critical interdisciplinary review of Schrödinger's "What Is life?"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/028043">Newspaper clippings about Erwin Schrödinger</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/12661"><i>Schrödinger in Oxford by Sir David C Clary </i> </a>, World Scientific, 2022</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Physics">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1931</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1934</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">C. N. Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Frank" title="Ilya Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Goeppert Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Anderson" title="Philip W. Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">J. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)" title="Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1933_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1933_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1933 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1933_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1933 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1933_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1933 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1933_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1933 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>None</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a> (Russia/France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Erwin Schrödinger</a> (Austria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1928_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1928 Nobel Prize winners">1928</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1929_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1929 Nobel Prize winners">1929</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1930_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1930 Nobel Prize winners">1930</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1931_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1931 Nobel Prize winners">1931</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1932_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1932 Nobel Prize winners">1932</a></dd> <dd><b>1933 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1934_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1934 Nobel Prize winners">1934</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1935_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1935 Nobel Prize winners">1935</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1936_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1936 Nobel Prize winners">1936</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1937_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1937 Nobel Prize winners">1937</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1938_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1938 Nobel Prize winners">1938</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9130#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9130#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9130#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118823574">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50002905">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11924128w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11924128w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00455775">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Schrödinger, Erwin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV035854">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35482960">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000604972&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1002945">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/101576">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068378874">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90083291">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000043343&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000001343&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000148921">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=77104">Greece</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=248546">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000049561">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199624533">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq4681nb3v6gcrp">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810552664705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007297270905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513957006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13995173">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00036675?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=53005">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16652396300">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:schrodinger.erwin">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/157010">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ee898f49-b29d-4c30-8526-71d4b27da931">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/969223">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Schrödinger, Erwin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.007947.v1">Ireland</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118823574.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118823574">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027128237">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/028941">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dj5gz9">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schrödinger&oldid=1258214914">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schrödinger&oldid=1258214914</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Category:Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_Dublin_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Category:Academics of the Dublin Institute for Advanced 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