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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Salary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Salute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_and_etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_and_etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins and etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate_on_the_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate_on_the_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Debate on the title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate_on_the_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_office_holders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_office_holders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of office holders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_office_holders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of office holders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_office_holders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President_of_the_Executive_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_the_Executive_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>President of the Executive Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_the_Executive_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taoiseach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taoiseach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Taoiseach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taoiseach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taoiseach</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%AE" title="تيشخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيشخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Прэм’ер-міністр Ірландыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэм’ер-міністр Ірландыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Министър-председател на Република Ирландия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Министър-председател на Република Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πρωθυπουργός της Ιρλανδίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωθυπουργός της Ιρλανδίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="تی‌شاخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تی‌شاخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC" title="아일랜드의 총리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아일랜드의 총리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Իռլանդիայի վարչապետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իռլանդիայի վարչապետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9A" title="טישך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טישך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovisacus" title="Tovisacus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tovisacus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airijos_ministras_pirmininkas" title="Airijos ministras pirmininkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Airijos ministras pirmininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%AE" title="تيشخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيشخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="アイルランドの首相 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイルランドの首相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Премьер-министр Ирландии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Премьер-министр Ирландии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capi_d%C3%BB_cuvernu_d%C3%A2_Rip%C3%B9bblica_d%27Irlanda" title="Capi dû cuvernu dâ Ripùbblica d'Irlanda – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Capi dû cuvernu dâ Ripùbblica d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%AE" title="تيشخ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تيشخ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Тишох – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тишох" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlands_regeringschef" title="Irlands regeringschef – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Irlands regeringschef" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda_ba%C5%9Fbakan%C4%B1" title="İrlanda başbakanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İrlanda başbakanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Тішек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тішек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AE" title="تیشخ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیشخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="爱尔兰总理 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="爱尔兰总理" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="爱尔兰总理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱尔兰总理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Taoiseach" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of government of Ireland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Taoiseach</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach_as_of_April_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Logo_of_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach_as_of_April_2018.png/230px-Logo_of_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach_as_of_April_2018.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Logo_of_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach_as_of_April_2018.png/345px-Logo_of_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach_as_of_April_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Logo_of_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach_as_of_April_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="102" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3993" data-file-height="5333" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a><br /></div>since 9 April 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland#Executive_branch" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Executive branch of the Irish Government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Taoiseach" title="Department of the Taoiseach">Department of the Taoiseach</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">A Thaoisigh</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a><sup id="cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConstitIrl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Cabinet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Ireland)" title="Council of State (Ireland)">Council of State</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reports to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_Buildings" title="Government Buildings">Government Buildings</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Merrion_Street" title="Merrion Street">Merrion Street</a>, Dublin, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">While commanding the confidence of the majority of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>. No term limits are imposed on the office.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precursor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">29 December 1937<sup id="cite_ref-Cosgrave_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosgrave-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cosgrave_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cosgrave-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">€243,895 annually <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Salaries,_Houses_of_the_Oireachtas_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salaries,_Houses_of_the_Oireachtas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(including €113,679 salary as a <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">TD</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Salaries,_Houses_of_the_Oireachtas_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salaries,_Houses_of_the_Oireachtas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ie/en/organisation/department-of-the-taoiseach/">Department of the Taoiseach</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics of the Republic of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland">Amendments</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Presidency</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Ireland)" title="Council of State (Ireland)">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_(Ireland)" title="Presidential Commission (Ireland)">Presidential Commission</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_33rd_D%C3%A1il" title="Government of the 33rd Dáil">Cabinet</a></b></div> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taoiseach</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State_(Ireland)" title="Department of State (Ireland)">Departments of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_service_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Public service of the Republic of Ireland">Public Service</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Civil Service of the Republic of Ireland">Civil Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_Agencies_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="State Agencies of the Republic of Ireland">State Agencies</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Ireland" title="Attorney General of Ireland">Attorney General</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rossa_Fanning" title="Rossa Fanning">Rossa Fanning</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ceann_Comhairle" title="Ceann Comhairle">Ceann Comhairle</a>: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Feargha%C3%ADl" title="Seán Ó Fearghaíl">Seán Ó Fearghaíl</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cathaoirleach" title="Cathaoirleach">Cathaoirleach</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Buttimer" title="Jerry Buttimer">Jerry Buttimer</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_Front_Bench" title="Sinn Féin Front Bench">Opposition</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Ireland)">Leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_McDonald" title="Mary Lou McDonald">Mary Lou McDonald</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_the_Oireachtas" title="Committees of the Oireachtas">Committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Courts of the Republic of Ireland">Courts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Ireland" title="Supreme Court of Ireland">Supreme Court</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Ireland" title="Chief Justice of Ireland">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Donal_O%27Donnell" title="Donal O'Donnell">Donal O'Donnell</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(Ireland)" title="Court of Appeal (Ireland)">Court of Appeal</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/George_Birmingham" title="George Birmingham">George Birmingham</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_(Ireland)" title="High Court (Ireland)">High Court</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/David_Barniville" title="David Barniville">David Barniville</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Criminal_Court" title="Special Criminal Court">Special Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Court_(Ireland)" title="Circuit Court (Ireland)">Circuit Court</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Ryan_(judge)" title="Patricia Ryan (judge)">Patricia Ryan</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_(Ireland)" title="District Court (Ireland)">District Court</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/District_Court_(Ireland)#President_of_District_Court" title="District Court (Ireland)">Paul Kelly</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_constituencies" title="Dáil constituencies">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_D%C3%A1il_by-elections" title="List of Dáil by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(Ireland)" title="Electoral Commission (Ireland)">Electoral Commission</a></li> <li>Recent elections</li></ul> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:50%;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Irish_general_election" title="2024 Irish general election">2024</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:50%;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Presidential</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Irish_presidential_election" title="2004 Irish presidential election">2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Irish_presidential_election" title="2018 Irish presidential election">2018</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:50%;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Local</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Irish_local_elections" title="2014 Irish local elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Irish_local_elections" title="2019 Irish local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Irish_local_elections" title="2024 Irish local elections">2024</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:50%;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">European</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Ireland">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Ireland">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Ireland">2024</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Administrative geography</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Local government</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland)">Department of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ireland)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality" title="Irish neutrality">Irish neutrality</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Ireland" title="List of diplomatic missions of Ireland">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Ireland" title="List of diplomatic missions in Ireland">in Ireland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_passport" title="Irish passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Irish_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Irish citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Ireland" title="Visa policy of Ireland">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland–United Kingdom relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">Ireland–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_the_Irish_border" title="Brexit and the Irish border">Brexit and the Irish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Australia–Ireland relations">Australia–Ireland relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Ireland–New Zealand relations">Ireland–New Zealand relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Canada–Ireland relations">Canada–Ireland relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ireland–United States relations">Ireland–United States relations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/16px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/24px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template:Politics of the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Politics of the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the Republic of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Taoiseach</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg\/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ga-Taoiseach.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ga-Taoiseach.ogg" title="File:Ga-Taoiseach.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>) <sup id="cite_ref-Pronounced_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pronounced-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConstitIrl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a> upon the nomination of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a>, Ireland's national legislature) and the office-holder must retain the support of a majority in the Dáil to remain in office. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taoiseach" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:taoiseach">taoiseach</a></i> means "chief" or "leader", and was adopted in the 1937 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a> as the title of the "head of the Government or Prime Minister".<sup id="cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConstitIrl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the official title of the head of government in both English and Irish, and is not used for the prime ministers of other countries, who are instead referred to in Irish by the generic term <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">príomh-aire</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pronounced2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pronounced2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase <i>an Taoiseach</i> is sometimes used in an otherwise English-language context, and means the same as "the Taoiseach".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The incumbent Taoiseach is <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">TD</a>, leader of <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a>, who took office on 9 April 2024 following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> and under a planned rotation as part of the coalition agreement between <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a>. Varadkar held the post from December 2022 and <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a>, TD held the post from June 2020 until December 2022 as part of that agreement. Varadkar tendered his resignation as Taoiseach to the President on 8 April 2024; he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> the next day after his Dáil election and appointment, becoming the youngest officeholder in state history.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Taoiseach" title="Special:EditPage/Taoiseach">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a>, the Taoiseach is <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_vote_for_Taoiseach" title="Dáil vote for Taoiseach">nominated by a simple majority of the voting members of Dáil Éireann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are then formally appointed to office by the President, who is required to appoint whomever the Dáil designates, without the option of declining to make the appointment. For this reason, the Taoiseach may, informally, be said to have been "elected" by Dáil Éireann. </p><p>If the Taoiseach loses the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann, they are not automatically removed from office. Instead, they are compelled either to resign or to persuade the President to dissolve the Dáil and call new elections. If the President "in his absolute discretion" refuses to grant a dissolution, this effectively forces the Taoiseach to resign. To date, no President has ever refused a dissolution, although the option to exercise this prerogative arose in 1944 and 1994, and twice in 1982. The Taoiseach may lose the support of Dáil Éireann by the passage of a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_motions_in_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence motions in Dáil Éireann">vote of no confidence</a>, or implicitly, through the failure of a vote of confidence. Alternatively, the Dáil may <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_supply" title="Loss of supply">refuse supply</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the event of the Taoiseach's resignation, they continue to exercise the duties and functions of office until the appointment of a successor. </p><p>The Taoiseach nominates the remaining members of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a>, who are then, with the consent of the Dáil, appointed by the President. The Taoiseach may advise the President to dismiss cabinet ministers from office; which the President does not have discretion on. The Taoiseach is responsible for appointing eleven members of the sixty members of the <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Taoiseach" title="Department of the Taoiseach">Department of the Taoiseach</a> is the government department which supports and advises the Taoiseach in carrying out their various duties. The Taoiseach is assisted by one or more <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_at_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach" title="Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach">Ministers of State at the Department of the Taoiseach</a>, one of whom is the Government <a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip" title="Chief Whip">Chief Whip</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salary">Salary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Salary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2013, the Taoiseach's annual salary is €185,350.<sup id="cite_ref-Journal.ie_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journal.ie-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was cut from €214,187 to €200,000 when <a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a> took office, before being cut further to €185,350 under the Haddington Road Agreement in 2013. </p><p>A proposed increase of €38,000 in 2007 was deferred when <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a> became Taoiseach<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in October 2008, the government announced a 10% salary cut for all ministers, including the Taoiseach.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However this was a voluntary cut and the salaries remained nominally the same with both ministers and Taoiseach essentially refusing 10% of their salary. This caused controversy in December 2009 when a salary cut of 20% was based on the higher figure before the refused amount was deducted.<sup id="cite_ref-Paycuts_criticised_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paycuts_criticised-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Taoiseach is also allowed an additional €118,981 in annual expenses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residence">Residence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no official residence of the Taoiseach. In 2008, it was reported speculatively that the former <a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_Lodge" title="Steward's Lodge">Steward's Lodge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Farmleigh" title="Farmleigh">Farmleigh</a> adjoining the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park" title="Phoenix Park">Phoenix Park</a> would become the official residence of the Taoiseach. However, no official statements were made nor any action taken.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house, which forms part of the Farmleigh estate acquired by the State in 1999 for €29.2 million, was renovated at a cost of nearly €600,000 in 2005 by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Works" title="Office of Public Works">Office of Public Works</a>. Former Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> did not use it as a residence, but his successor Brian Cowen used it occasionally,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did later Taoisigh Enda Kenny and Leo Varadkar, who each paid €50 per night for the use of the house to avoid benefit-in-kind tax being levied on them for use of the house as a grace and favour mansion.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salute">Salute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Salute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Mór Chluana</i></span>" ("More of <a href="/wiki/Cloyne" title="Cloyne">Cloyne</a>") is a traditional air collected by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Weston_Joyce" title="Patrick Weston Joyce">Patrick Weston Joyce</a> in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ainm_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ainm-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Amhrán Dóchais" ("Song of Hope") is a poem written by <a href="/wiki/Osborn_Bergin" title="Osborn Bergin">Osborn Bergin</a> in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-ainm_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ainm-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cuiv_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cuiv-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a> chose the air as his <a href="/wiki/Honors_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honors music">musical salute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cuiv_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cuiv-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The salute is played by army bands on the arrival of the Taoiseach at state ceremonies. Though the salute is often called "<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Amhrán Dóchais</i></span>", <a href="/wiki/Brian_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Brian Ó Cuív">Brian Ó Cuív</a> argued "<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Mór Chluana</i></span>" is the correct title.<sup id="cite_ref-cuiv_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cuiv-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_etymology">Origins and etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Origins and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The words <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Taoiseach</i></span> and <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a></i></span> (deputy prime minister) are both from the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> and of ancient origin. Though the Taoiseach is described in the Constitution of Ireland as "the head of the Government or Prime Minister",<sup id="cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConstitIrl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its literal translation is <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">chieftain</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">leader</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-youthzone_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youthzone-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>, who introduced the title in 1937, was a democratic politician who had in the past associated with <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">paramilitaries</a>, some have remarked that the meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">leader</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> in 1937 made the title similar to the titles of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> dictators of the time, such as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Führer</i></span> (for <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>), <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Duce</i></span> (for <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>) and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Caudillo</i></span> (for <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy2010a_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy2010a-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quigley1944a_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quigley1944a-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IPA1970a_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPA1970a-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Tánaiste</i></span>, in turn, refers to the system of <a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">tanistry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> system of succession whereby a leader would appoint an <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> while still living. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>, <span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">tòiseach</i></span> translates as '<a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">clan</a> chief' and both words originally had similar meanings in the <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Gaelic languages</a> of Scotland and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-BookCawdor_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BookCawdor-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The related <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a> word <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Tywysog" title="Tywysog">tywysog</a></i></span> (current meaning: 'prince') has a similar origin and meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-Celtic_Culture_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Celtic_Culture-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is hypothesised that both derive ultimately from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">proto-Celtic</a> <span title="Proto-Celtic-language text">*<i lang="cel"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/towiss%C4%81kos" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/towissākos">towissākos</a></i></span> 'chieftain, leader'.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plural of <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">taoiseach</i></span> is <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">taoisigh</i></span> (<small>Northern and Western</small> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈt̪ˠiːʃiː]</a></span>, <small>Southern:</small> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈt̪ˠiːʃɪɟ]</a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-youthzone_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youthzone-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Irish form <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">An Taoiseach</i></span> is sometimes used in English instead of 'the Taoiseach',<sup id="cite_ref-Oops2017-02-09a_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oops2017-02-09a-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the English version of the Constitution states that they "shall be called … the Taoiseach".<sup id="cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConstitIrl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debate_on_the_title">Debate on the title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Debate on the title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1937 when the draft Constitution of Ireland was being debated in the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il" class="mw-redirect" title="Dáil">Dáil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_MacDermot" title="Frank MacDermot">Frank MacDermot</a>, an opposition politician, moved an amendment to substitute "Prime Minister" for the proposed "Taoiseach" title in the English text of the Constitution. It was proposed to keep the "Taoiseach" title in the Irish language text. The proponent remarked:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It seems to me to be mere make-believe to try to incorporate a word like "Taoiseach" in the English language. It would be pronounced wrongly by 99 percent of the people. I have already ascertained it is a very difficult word to pronounce correctly. That being so, even for the sake of the dignity of the Irish language, it would be more sensible that when speaking English we should be allowed to refer to the gentleman in question as the Prime Minister... It is just one more example of the sort of things that are being done here as if for the purpose of putting off the people in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">North</a>. No useful purpose of any kind can be served by compelling us, when speaking English, to refer to An Taoiseach rather than to the Prime Minister.</p></blockquote> <p>The President of the Executive Council, Éamon de Valera, gave the term's meaning as "chieftain" or "Captain". He said he was "not disposed" to support the proposed amendment and felt the word "Taoiseach" did not need to be changed. The proposed amendment was defeated on a vote and "Taoiseach" was included as the title ultimately adopted by <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Adoption of the Constitution of Ireland">plebiscite of the people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_office">Modern office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dublin_Dept_Taoiseach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Dublin_Dept_Taoiseach.jpg/220px-Dublin_Dept_Taoiseach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Dublin_Dept_Taoiseach.jpg/330px-Dublin_Dept_Taoiseach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Dublin_Dept_Taoiseach.jpg/440px-Dublin_Dept_Taoiseach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Taoiseach" title="Department of the Taoiseach">Department of the Taoiseach</a> at <a href="/wiki/Government_Buildings" title="Government Buildings">Government Buildings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merrion_Street" title="Merrion Street">Merrion Street</a>, Dublin</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern position of Taoiseach was established by the 1937 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a> and is the most powerful role in Irish politics. The office replaced the position of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a> of the 1922–1937 <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>. </p><p>The positions of Taoiseach and President of the Executive Council differed in certain fundamental respects. Under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Constitution of the Irish Free State">Constitution of the Irish Free State</a>, the latter was vested with considerably less power and was largely just the chairman of the cabinet, the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Executive Council of the Irish Free State">Executive Council</a>. For example, the President of the Executive Council could not dismiss a fellow minister on his own authority. Instead, the Executive Council had to be disbanded and reformed entirely to remove a member. The President of the Executive Council also did not have the right to advise the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Governor-General of the Irish Free State">Governor-General</a> to dissolve Dáil Éireann on his own authority, that power belonging collectively to the Executive Council. </p><p>In contrast, the Taoiseach created in 1937 possesses a much more powerful role. The holder of the position can both advise the President to dismiss ministers and dissolve Parliament on his own authority—advice that the President is almost always required to follow by convention.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His role is greatly enhanced because, under the Constitution, he is both <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">de jure</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">de facto</i></span> chief executive. In most other parliamentary democracies, the head of state is at least the nominal chief executive, while being bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. In Ireland, however, executive power is explicitly vested in the Government, of which the Taoiseach is the leader. </p><p>Since the Taoiseach is the head of government, and may remove ministers at will, many of the powers specified, in law or the constitution, to be exercised by the government as a collective body, are in reality at the will of the Taoiseach. The Government almost always backs the Taoiseach in major decisions, and in many cases often merely formalises that decision at a subsequent meeting after it has already been announced. Nevertheless, the need for collective decision-making on paper acts as a safeguard against an unwise decision made by the Taoiseach. </p><p>Generally, where there have been multi-party or coalition governments, the Taoiseach has been the leader of the largest party in the coalition. One exception to this was <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a>, who was not the leader of his party, but an agreed choice to head the government, because the other parties refused to accept then <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mulcahy" title="Richard Mulcahy">Richard Mulcahy</a> as Taoiseach. In 2011 Taoiseach Brian Cowen, resigned as party leader and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a>, but continued as Taoiseach until the formation of a new government following a general election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_office_holders">List of office holders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of office holders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Irish_heads_of_government_since_1919" title="Irish heads of government since 1919">Irish heads of government since 1919</a> and <a href="/wiki/Records_of_Irish_heads_of_government_since_1922" title="Records of Irish heads of government since 1922">Records of Irish heads of government since 1922</a></div> <p>Before the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">1937 Constitution</a>, the head of government was the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a>. This office was held by <a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a> from 1922 to 1932, and by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> from 1932 to 1937. By convention, Taoisigh are numbered to include Cosgrave;<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> therefore, Micheál Martin is considered the 15th Taoiseach, not the 14th. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_the_Executive_Council">President of the Executive Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: President of the Executive Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th width="20%">Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span><br />Constituency </th> <th colspan="2" width="15%">Term of office </th> <th>Party </th> <th colspan="2" width="20%">Exec. Council<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Composition</span> </th> <th colspan="2" width="15%"><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">Vice President</a> </th> <th>Dáil<br />(elected) </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#87CEFA; color:white;" rowspan="5">1 </th> <td rowspan="5"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Thomas_Cosgrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="William Thomas Cosgrave.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/William_Thomas_Cosgrave.jpg/60px-William_Thomas_Cosgrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/William_Thomas_Cosgrave.jpg/90px-William_Thomas_Cosgrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/William_Thomas_Cosgrave.jpg/120px-William_Thomas_Cosgrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="4406" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="5"><b><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1880–1965)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Carlow%E2%80%93Kilkenny_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Carlow–Kilkenny (Dáil constituency)">Carlow–Kilkenny</a> until 1927<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough</a> from 1927</span> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span style="font-size:85%;">6 December</span><br />1922<sup id="cite_ref-CosgravePreIndependence_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CosgravePreIndependence-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span style="font-size:85%;">9 March</span><br />1932 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sinn_F%C3%A9in#Treaty_and_Civil_War" title="History of Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Pro-Treaty)</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Executive Council of the Irish Free State">1st</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">SF (PT)</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #87CEFA" rowspan="5"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_3rd_D%C3%A1il" title="Members of the 3rd Dáil">3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1922_Irish_general_election" title="1922 Irish general election">1922</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Executive Council of the Irish Free State">2nd</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">CnG</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_D%C3%A1il" title="4th Dáil">4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1923_Irish_general_election" title="1923 Irish general election">1923</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Executive Council of the Irish Free State">3rd</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Ernest Blythe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_D%C3%A1il" title="5th Dáil">5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/June_1927_Irish_general_election" title="June 1927 Irish general election">Jun.1927</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">4th</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/6th_D%C3%A1il" title="6th Dáil">6</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/September_1927_Irish_general_election" title="September 1927 Irish general election">Sep.1927</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">5th</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;" rowspan="3">2 </th> <td rowspan="3"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Éamon de Valera.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/60px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/90px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/120px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1882–1975)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Clare_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Clare (Dáil constituency)">Clare</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">9 March</span><br />1932<sup id="cite_ref-DeValeraPreIndependence_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeValeraPreIndependence-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">29 December</span><br />1937 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">6th</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66" rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_D%C3%A1il" title="7th Dáil">7</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">7th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_D%C3%A1il" title="8th Dáil">8</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1933_Irish_general_election" title="1933 Irish general election">1933</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Executive Council of the Irish Free State">8th</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_D%C3%A1il" title="9th Dáil">9</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1937_Irish_general_election" title="1937 Irish general election">1937</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Taoiseach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th width="20%">Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span><br />Constituency </th> <th colspan="2" width="15%">Term of office </th> <th>Party </th> <th colspan="2" width="20%">Government<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Composition</span> </th> <th colspan="2" width="15%"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a> </th> <th>Dáil<br />(elected) </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;" rowspan="4"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2)</span> </th> <td rowspan="4"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Éamon de Valera.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/60px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/90px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/120px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="4"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1882–1975)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Clare_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Clare (Dáil constituency)">Clare</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span style="font-size:85%;">29 December</span><br />1937 </td> <td rowspan="4"><span style="font-size:85%;">18 February</span><br />1948 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Government of Ireland">1st</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66" rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_D%C3%A1il" title="9th Dáil">9</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">( ···· )</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Government of Ireland">2nd</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_D%C3%A1il" title="10th Dáil">10</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1938_Irish_general_election" title="1938 Irish general election">1938</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Government of Ireland">3rd</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_D%C3%A1il" title="11th Dáil">11</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1943_Irish_general_election" title="1943 Irish general election">1943</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Government of Ireland">4th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_D%C3%A1il" title="12th Dáil">12</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1944_Irish_general_election" title="1944 Irish general election">1944</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6699FF; color:white;">3 </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_A._Costello,_1948.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John A. Costello, 1948.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png/60px-John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png/90px-John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png/120px-John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="865" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1891–1976)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-East (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-East</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">18 February</span><br />1948 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">13 June</span><br />1951 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Government of Ireland">5th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a>–<a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Poblachta" title="Clann na Poblachta">CnP</a>–<a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Talmhan" title="Clann na Talmhan">CnT</a>–<a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Labour Party (Ireland)">NL</a>–<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Ind</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Norton" title="William Norton">William Norton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_D%C3%A1il" title="13th Dáil">13</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1948_Irish_general_election" title="1948 Irish general election">1948</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2)</span> </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Éamon de Valera.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/60px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/90px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/120px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1882–1975)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Clare_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Clare (Dáil constituency)">Clare</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">13 June</span><br />1951 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">2 June</span><br />1954 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Government of Ireland">6th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_D%C3%A1il" title="14th Dáil">14</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1951_Irish_general_election" title="1951 Irish general election">1951</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6699FF; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3)</span> </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_A._Costello,_1948.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John A. Costello, 1948.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png/60px-John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png/90px-John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png/120px-John_A._Costello%2C_1948.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="865" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1891–1976)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-East (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-East</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">2 June</span><br />1954 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">20 March</span><br />1957 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Government of Ireland">7th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a>–<a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Talmhan" title="Clann na Talmhan">CnT</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Norton" title="William Norton">William Norton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_D%C3%A1il" title="15th Dáil">15</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1954_Irish_general_election" title="1954 Irish general election">1954</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2)</span> </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Éamon de Valera.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/60px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/90px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/120px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1328" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1882–1975)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Clare_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Clare (Dáil constituency)">Clare</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">20 March</span><br />1957 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">23 June</span><br />1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Government of Ireland">8th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/16th_D%C3%A1il" title="16th Dáil">16</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1957_Irish_general_election" title="1957 Irish general election">1957</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;" rowspan="3">4 </th> <td rowspan="3"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Se%C3%A1n_Lemass,_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seán Lemass, 1966.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg/60px-Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg/90px-Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg/120px-Se%C3%A1n_Lemass%2C_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1709" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1899–1971)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-Central</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">23 June</span><br />1959 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">10 November</span><br />1966 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Government of Ireland">9th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacEntee" title="Seán MacEntee">Seán MacEntee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Government of Ireland">10th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_D%C3%A1il" title="17th Dáil">17</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1961_Irish_general_election" title="1961 Irish general election">1961</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Government of Ireland">11th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66" rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Aiken" title="Frank Aiken">Frank Aiken</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/18th_D%C3%A1il" title="18th Dáil">18</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1965_Irish_general_election" title="1965 Irish general election">1965</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;" rowspan="2">5 </th> <td rowspan="2"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Lynch_1979_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jack Lynch 1979 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1917–1999)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough</a> until 1969<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_North-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City North-West (Dáil constituency)">Cork City North-West</a> from 1969</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">10 November</span><br />1966 </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">14 March</span><br />1973 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Government of Ireland">12th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Government of Ireland">13th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hamilton_Childers" title="Erskine Hamilton Childers">Erskine H. Childers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/19th_D%C3%A1il" title="19th Dáil">19</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1969_Irish_general_election" title="1969 Irish general election">1969</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6699FF; color:white;">6 </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave-Patricks Day 1976.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg/60px-Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg/90px-Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg/120px-Taoiseach_Liam_Cosgrave-Patricks_Day_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="834" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1920–2017)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire_and_Rathdown_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dún Laoghaire and Rathdown (Dáil constituency)">Dún Laoghaire and Rathdown</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">14 March</span><br />1973 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">5 July</span><br />1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Government of Ireland">14th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Corish" title="Brendan Corish">Brendan Corish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_D%C3%A1il" title="20th Dáil">20</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_general_election" title="1973 Irish general election">1973</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(5)</span> </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jack_Lynch_1979_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jack Lynch 1979 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Jack_Lynch_1979_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1917–1999)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City (Dáil constituency)">Cork City</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">5 July</span><br />1977 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">11 December</span><br />1979 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Government of Ireland">15th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66" rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_Colley" title="George Colley">George Colley</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/21st_D%C3%A1il" title="21st Dáil">21</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1977_Irish_general_election" title="1977 Irish general election">1977</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;">7 </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Haughey_1989_(headshot).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Charles Haughey 1989 (headshot).png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/60px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/90px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/120px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–2006)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Artane_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Artane (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Artane</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">11 December</span><br />1979 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">30 June</span><br />1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Government of Ireland">16th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6699FF; color:white;">8 </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garret_FitzGerald_1975_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Garret FitzGerald 1975 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="1948" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1926–2011)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-East (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-East</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">30 June</span><br />1981 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">9 March</span><br />1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="17th Government of Ireland">17th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Leary_(politician)" title="Michael O'Leary (politician)">Michael O'Leary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_D%C3%A1il" title="22nd Dáil">22</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">1981</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(7)</span> </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Haughey_1989_(headshot).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Charles Haughey 1989 (headshot).png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/60px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/90px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/120px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–2006)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-Central</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">9 March</span><br />1982 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">14 December</span><br />1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Government of Ireland">18th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ray_MacSharry" title="Ray MacSharry">Ray MacSharry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_D%C3%A1il" title="23rd Dáil">23</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/February_1982_Irish_general_election" title="February 1982 Irish general election">Feb.1982</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6699FF; color:white;" rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">(8)</span> </th> <td rowspan="2"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garret_FitzGerald_1975_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Garret FitzGerald 1975 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Garret_FitzGerald_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="1948" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1926–2011)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_South-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin South-East (Dáil constituency)">Dublin South-East</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">14 December</span><br />1982 </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">10 March</span><br />1987 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/19th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="19th Government of Ireland">19th</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a> (minority) from Jan 1987</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dick_Spring" title="Dick Spring">Dick Spring</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/24th_D%C3%A1il" title="24th Dáil">24</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">Nov.1982</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #6699FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Barry_(politician)" title="Peter Barry (politician)">Peter Barry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;" rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">(7)</span> </th> <td rowspan="3"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Haughey_1989_(headshot).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Charles Haughey 1989 (headshot).png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/60px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/90px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png/120px-Charles_Haughey_1989_%28headshot%29.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–2006)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_North-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin North-Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin North-Central</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">10 March</span><br />1987 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">11 February</span><br />1992 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Government of Ireland">20th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66" rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_D%C3%A1il" title="25th Dáil">25</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1987_Irish_general_election" title="1987 Irish general election">1987</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/21st_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Government of Ireland">21st</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">PD</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/26th_D%C3%A1il" title="26th Dáil">26</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1989_Irish_general_election" title="1989 Irish general election">1989</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Irish_politician)" title="John Wilson (Irish politician)">John Wilson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;" rowspan="3">9 </th> <td rowspan="3"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Reynolds_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Albert Reynolds (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Albert_Reynolds_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1853" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1932–2014)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Longford%E2%80%93Roscommon_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Longford–Roscommon (Dáil constituency)">Longford–Roscommon</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">11 February</span><br />1992 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">15 December</span><br />1994 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Government of Ireland">22nd</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">PD</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority) from Nov 1992</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/23rd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd Government of Ireland">23rd</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority) from Nov 1994</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dick_Spring" title="Dick Spring">Dick Spring</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/27th_D%C3%A1il" title="27th Dáil">27</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1992_Irish_general_election" title="1992 Irish general election">1992</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#6699FF; color:white;">10 </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Bruton,_February_2002_(cropped_02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John Bruton, February 2002 (cropped 02).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg/60px-John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg/90px-John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg/120px-John_Bruton%2C_February_2002_%28cropped_02%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1947–2024)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Meath_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Meath (Dáil constituency)">Meath</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">15 December</span><br />1994 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">26 June</span><br />1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="24th Government of Ireland">24th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a>–<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Left (Ireland)">DL</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dick_Spring" title="Dick Spring">Dick Spring</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4" style="background:#66BB66; color:white;">11 </th> <td rowspan="4"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bertie_Ahern_2006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bertie Ahern 2006 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Bertie_Ahern_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="4"><b><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b. 1951)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin Central (Dáil constituency)">Dublin Central</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="4"><span style="font-size:85%;">26 June</span><br />1997 </td> <td rowspan="4"><span style="font-size:85%;">7 May</span><br />2008 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Government of Ireland">25th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">PD</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: #1251A2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harney" title="Mary Harney">Mary Harney</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/28th_D%C3%A1il" title="28th Dáil">28</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_general_election" title="1997 Irish general election">1997</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/26th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Government of Ireland">26th</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">PD</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/29th_D%C3%A1il" title="29th Dáil">29</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2002_Irish_general_election" title="2002 Irish general election">2002</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_McDowell_(politician)" title="Michael McDowell (politician)">Michael McDowell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Government of Ireland">27th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green</a>–<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">PD</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/30th_D%C3%A1il" title="30th Dáil">30</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2007_Irish_general_election" title="2007 Irish general election">2007</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;">12 </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian_Cowen,_June_2010_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brian Cowen, June 2010 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Brian_Cowen%2C_June_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b. 1960)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Laois%E2%80%93Offaly_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)">Laois–Offaly</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">7 May</span><br />2008 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">9 March</span><br />2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/28th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="28th Government of Ireland">28th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green</a>–<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">PD</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green</a>–<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Ind</a> from Nov 2009<br /><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a> (minority) from Jan 2011</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_Coughlan_(politician)" title="Mary Coughlan (politician)">Mary Coughlan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="background:#6699FF; color:white;">13 </th> <td rowspan="3"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Enda Kenny EPP 2014 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Enda_Kenny_EPP_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b. 1951)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Mayo_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Mayo (Dáil constituency)">Mayo</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">9 March</span><br />2011 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">14 June</span><br />2017<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/29th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="29th Government of Ireland">29th</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Gilmore" title="Eamon Gilmore">Eamon Gilmore</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/31st_D%C3%A1il" title="31st Dáil">31</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joan_Burton" title="Joan Burton">Joan Burton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="30th Government of Ireland">30th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Ind</a> (minority)</span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: #6699FF"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fitzgerald_(politician)" title="Frances Fitzgerald (politician)">Frances Fitzgerald</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/32nd_D%C3%A1il" title="32nd Dáil">32</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2016_Irish_general_election" title="2016 Irish general election">2016</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#6699FF; color:white;">14 </th> <td rowspan="2"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_Varadkar,_December_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Leo Varadkar, December 2022 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="1035" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b. 1979)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin West</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">14 June</span><br />2017<sup id="cite_ref-IrishTimes2017-06-08a_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrishTimes2017-06-08a-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;">27 June</span><br />2020 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/31st_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Government of Ireland">31st</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Ind</a> (minority)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Coveney" title="Simon Coveney">Simon Coveney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#66BB66; color:white;">15 </th> <td><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Micheál Martin TD (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Miche%C3%A1l_Martin_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1963" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b. 1960)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Cork_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork South-Central</a></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">27 June</span><br />2020 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">17 December</span><br />2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/32nd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Government of Ireland">32nd</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #6699FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/33rd_D%C3%A1il" title="33rd Dáil">33</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="background:#6699FF; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(14)</span> </th> <td rowspan="1"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_Varadkar,_December_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Leo Varadkar, December 2022 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Leo_Varadkar%2C_December_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="1035" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b. 1979)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Dublin West (Dáil constituency)">Dublin West</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="1"><span style="font-size:85%;">17 December</span><br />2022 </td> <td rowspan="1"><span style="font-size:85%;">9 April</span><br />2024 </td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/33rd_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Government of Ireland">33rd</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="background:#6699FF; color:white;">16 </th> <td rowspan="1"><div class=""> <div style="width: 60px; height: 80px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 60px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Simon Harris - European Council - June 2024 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Simon_Harris_-_European_Council_-_June_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3993" data-file-height="5333" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td rowspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(b. 1986)<br />TD for <a href="/wiki/Wicklow_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Wicklow (Dáil constituency)">Wicklow</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="1"><span style="font-size:85%;">9 April</span><br />2024 </td> <td rowspan="1">Incumbent </td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> </td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/34th_Government_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="34th Government of Ireland">34th</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">FF</a>–<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #66BB66"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_c1sdpd4bsdjvgrqxxx15ivriyrsxh8v"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" coords="894,383,1012,407" title="Simon Harris" alt="Simon Harris" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" coords="859,360,997,384" title="Micheál Martin" alt="Micheál Martin" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" coords="849,336,967,360" title="Leo Varadkar" alt="Leo Varadkar" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" coords="822,313,927,337" title="Enda Kenny" alt="Enda Kenny" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" coords="794,289,906,313" title="Brian Cowen" alt="Brian Cowen" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" coords="734,266,852,290" title="Bertie Ahern" alt="Bertie Ahern" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_Bruton" coords="713,242,825,266" title="John Bruton" alt="John Bruton" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" coords="670,219,809,243" title="Albert Reynolds" alt="Albert Reynolds" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" coords="593,195,745,219" title="Garret FitzGerald" alt="Garret FitzGerald" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" coords="580,172,719,196" title="Charles Haughey" alt="Charles Haughey" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" coords="561,148,686,172" title="Liam Cosgrave" alt="Liam Cosgrave" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" coords="536,124,641,148" title="Jack Lynch" alt="Jack Lynch" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" coords="456,101,574,125" title="Seán Lemass" alt="Seán Lemass" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" coords="377,77,522,101" title="John A. Costello" alt="John A. Costello" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" coords="274,54,419,78" title="Éamon de Valera" alt="Éamon de Valera" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" coords="219,30,351,54" title="W. T. Cosgrave" alt="W. T. Cosgrave" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_c1sdpd4bsdjvgrqxxx15ivriyrsxh8v" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/c1sdpd4bsdjvgrqxxx15ivriyrsxh8v.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFarrell1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Farrell_(broadcaster)" title="Brian Farrell (broadcaster)">Farrell, Brian</a> (1971). <i>Chairman or Chief?: The Role of the Taoiseach in Irish Government</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gill_%26_Macmillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill & Macmillan">Gill & Macmillan</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chairman+or+Chief%3F%3A+The+Role+of+the+Taoiseach+in+Irish+Government&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Malley2012" class="citation book cs1">O'Malley, Eoin (2012). "The Apex of Government: Cabinet and Taoiseach in operation". In O'Malley, Eoin; MacCarthaigh, Muiris (eds.). <i>Governing Ireland: From cabinet government to delegated governance</i>. Dublin: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Public_Administration_(Ireland)" title="Institute of Public Administration (Ireland)">IPA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Apex+of+Government%3A+Cabinet+and+Taoiseach+in+operation&rft.btitle=Governing+Ireland%3A+From+cabinet+government+to+delegated+governance&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=IPA&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=O%27Malley&rft.aufirst=Eoin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwynn_Morgan2016" class="citation news cs1">Gwynn Morgan, David (8 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/david-gwynn-morgan-what-exactly-is-a-caretaker-taoiseach-1.2563548">"What exactly is a caretaker taoiseach?"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=What+exactly+is+a+caretaker+taoiseach%3F&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft.aulast=Gwynn+Morgan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fdavid-gwynn-morgan-what-exactly-is-a-caretaker-taoiseach-1.2563548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies">Biographies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biographies are also available of de Valera, Lemass, Lynch, Cosgrave, FitzGerald, Haughey, Reynolds and Ahern. FitzGerald wrote an autobiography, while an authorised biography was produced of de Valera. </p><p><b>Some biographies and memoirs of former Taoisigh and presidents of the Executive Council:</b> </p> <ul><li>Tim Pat Coogan, <i>Éamon de Valera</i></li> <li>John Horgan, <i>Seán Lemass</i></li> <li>Brian Farrell, <i>Seán Lemass</i></li> <li>T. P. O'Mahony, <i>Jack Lynch: A Biography</i></li> <li>T. Ryle Dwyer, <i>Nice Fellow: A Biography of Jack Lynch</i></li> <li>Stephen Collins, <i>The Cosgrave Legacy</i></li> <li>Garret FitzGerald, <i>All in a Life</i></li> <li>Garret FitzGerald, <i>Just Garret: Tales from the Political Frontline</i></li> <li>Raymond Smith, <i>Garret: The Enigma</i></li> <li>T. Ryle Dwyer, <i>Short Fellow: A Biography of Charles Haughey</i></li> <li>Martin Mansergh, <i>Spirit of the Nation: The Collected Speeches of Haughey</i></li> <li>Joe Joyce & Peter Murtagh <i>The Boss: Charles Haughey in Government</i></li> <li>Tim Ryan, <i>Albert Reynolds: The Longford Leader</i></li> <li>Albert Reynolds, <i>My Autobiography</i></li> <li>Bertie Ahern, <i>My Autobiography</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Records_of_Irish_heads_of_government_since_1922" title="Records of Irish heads of government since 1922">Records of Irish heads of government since 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_heads_of_government_since_1919" title="Irish heads of government since 1919">Irish heads of government since 1919</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ConstitIrl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ConstitIrl_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 13.1.1° and Article 28.5.1° of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a>. The latter provision reads: "The head of the Government, or Prime Minister, shall be called, and is in this Constitution referred to as, the Taoiseach."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Taoiseach has no official residence, with each taoiseach residing in their own home. They may use the State Guest House at <a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_Lodge" title="Steward's Lodge">Steward's Lodge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park" title="Phoenix Park">Phoenix Park</a> for official state functions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cosgrave-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cosgrave_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cosgrave_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Before the enactment of the 1937 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a>, the head of government was referred to as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a>. This office was first held by <a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a> from 1922 to 1932, and then by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> from 1932 to 1937.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pronounced-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pronounced_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg\/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ga-Taoiseach.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg/Ga-Taoiseach.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ga-Taoiseach.ogg" title="File:Ga-Taoiseach.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈt̪ˠiːʃəx]</a></span>. The plural <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Taoisigh</i></span> is pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TEE</span>-shee</i></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈt̪ˠiːʃiː]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pronounced2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pronounced2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˌpʲɾʲiːw<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈaɾʲə]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Dáil refused supply in January 1982, when the then <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a>–<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> coalition government of <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> lost a vote on the budget.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BookCawdor-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BookCawdor_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Frederick_Vaughan_Campbell_Cawdor1742" class="citation book cs1">John Frederick Vaughan Campbell Cawdor (1742). Cosmo, Innes (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TFwJAAAAIAAJ"><i>The book of the thanes of Cawdor: a series of papers selected from the charter room at Cawdor. 1236–1742, Volume 1236, Issue 1742</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Spalding_Club" title="Spalding Club">Spalding Club</a>. p. xiii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2013</span>. <q>As we cannot name the first Celtic chieftain who consented to change his style of Toshach and his patriarchal sway for the title and stability of King's Thane of Cawdor, so it is impossible to fix the precise time when their ancient property and offices were acquired.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+book+of+the+thanes+of+Cawdor%3A+a+series+of+papers+selected+from+the+charter+room+at+Cawdor.+1236%E2%80%931742%2C+Volume+1236%2C+Issue+1742&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Spalding+Club&rft.date=1742&rft.au=John+Frederick+Vaughan+Campbell+Cawdor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTFwJAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222652/http://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails.aspx?ref=4140">"Tartan Details – Toshach"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Register_of_Tartans" title="Scottish Register of Tartans">Scottish Register of Tartans</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails.aspx?ref=4140">the original</a> on 2 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2013</span>. <q>Toshach is an early Celtic title given to minor territorial chiefs in Scotland (note Eire Prime Minister's official title is this).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tartan+Details+%E2%80%93+Toshach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tartanregister.gov.uk%2FtartanDetails.aspx%3Fref%3D4140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Celtic_Culture-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Celtic_Culture_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Thomas_Koch2006" class="citation cs2">John Thomas Koch (2006), <i>Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia</i>, ABC-CLIO, p. 1062, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1851094407" title="Special:BookSources/1851094407"><bdi>1851094407</bdi></a>, <q>An early word meaning 'leader' appears on a 5th- or 6th-century inscribed stone as both ogam Irish and British genitive TOVISACI: <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">tywysog</i></span> now means 'prince' in Welsh, the regular descriptive title used for Prince Charles, for example; while in Ireland, the corresponding <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Taoiseach</i></span> is now the correct title, in both Irish and English, for the Prime Minister of the Irish Republic (Éire).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+a+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=1062&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1851094407&rft.au=John+Thomas+Koch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Notable ministerial dismissals include those of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a> in 1970, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan</a> in 1990, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_Flynn" title="Pádraig Flynn">Pádraig Flynn</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_Geoghegan-Quinn" title="Máire Geoghegan-Quinn">Máire Geoghegan-Quinn</a> in 1991, and <a href="/wiki/Barry_Cowen" title="Barry Cowen">Barry Cowen</a> in 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CosgravePreIndependence-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CosgravePreIndependence_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cosgrave was <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State">Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State</a> from 22 August 1922, during the transitional period before the state became officially independent on 6 December 1922 (See <a href="/wiki/Irish_heads_of_government_since_1919" title="Irish heads of government since 1919">Irish heads of government since 1919</a>). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeValeraPreIndependence-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeValeraPreIndependence_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Valera was <a href="/wiki/President_of_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="President of Dáil Éireann">President of Dáil Éireann</a> in the pre-independence revolutionary Irish Government from 1 April 1919 to 9 January 1922 (See <a href="/wiki/Irish_heads_of_government_since_1919" title="Irish heads of government since 1919">Irish heads of government since 1919</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/9feb2a-former-taoisigh/">"Former Taoisigh"</a>. <i>www.gov.ie</i>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government of Ireland</a>. 1 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304162522/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/9feb2a-former-taoisigh/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.ie&rft.atitle=Former+Taoisigh&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ie%2Fen%2Fpublication%2F9feb2a-former-taoisigh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salaries,_Houses_of_the_Oireachtas-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salaries,_Houses_of_the_Oireachtas_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salaries,_Houses_of_the_Oireachtas_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/tdssenators/salariesallowances/salaries/">"Salaries, Houses of the Oireachtas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salaries%2C+Houses+of+the+Oireachtas&rft.pub=Oireachtas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fparliament%2Ftdssenators%2Fsalariesallowances%2Fsalaries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182045/https://www.lexico.com/definition/taoiseach">"Taoiseach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Taoiseach">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taoiseach&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FTaoiseach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary1991" class="citation journal cs1">O'Leary, Brendan (April 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233072846">"An Taoiseach: The Irish prime minister"</a>. <i>West European Politics</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 133–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402389108424849">10.1080/01402389108424849</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+European+Politics&rft.atitle=An+Taoiseach%3A+The+Irish+prime+minister&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-162&rft.date=1991-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402389108424849&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F233072846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2024/0409/1442464-harris-politics/">"Cabinet members receive seals of office after reshuffle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a></i>. 9 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240409130013/https://www.rte.ie/news/politics/2024/0409/1442464-harris-politics/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Cabinet+members+receive+seals+of+office+after+reshuffle&rft.date=2024-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F0409%2F1442464-harris-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution of Ireland</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland#THE_PRESIDENT" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Ireland">Article 13.1.2°</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/elections2007/history80s.html">"RTE Election 2007"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070510023531/http://www.rte.ie/news/elections2007/history80s.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89&rft.atitle=RTE+Election+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Felections2007%2Fhistory80s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journal.ie-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Journal.ie_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2013" class="citation news cs1">O'Connell, Hugh (4 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejournal.ie/taoiseach-ministers-public-servants-pay-cuts-976714-Jul2013/">"The Taoiseach, Ministers and every TD are having their pay cut today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheJournal.ie" title="TheJournal.ie">TheJournal.ie</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171130150231/http://www.thejournal.ie/taoiseach-ministers-public-servants-pay-cuts-976714-Jul2013/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheJournal.ie&rft.atitle=The+Taoiseach%2C+Ministers+and+every+TD+are+having+their+pay+cut+today&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Ftaoiseach-ministers-public-servants-pay-cuts-976714-Jul2013%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2007/1025/politics.html">"Taoiseach to receive €38k pay rise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a>. 25 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027035252/http://www.rte.ie/news/2007/1025/politics.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taoiseach+to+receive+%E2%82%AC38k+pay+rise&rft.date=2007-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2007%2F1025%2Fpolitics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2008/1015/budget.html">"Sharp exchanges in Dáil over Budget"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a>. 15 October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090214034034/http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/1015/budget.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sharp+exchanges+in+D%C3%A1il+over+Budget&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2008%2F1015%2Fbudget.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paycuts_criticised-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paycuts_criticised_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2009" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Fiach (10 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091223025956/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/budget/comment-reaction/opposition-says-lenihans-salary-cuts-do-not-add-up-1969628.html">"Opposition says Lenihan's salary cuts do not add up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/national-news/budget/comment-reaction/opposition-says-lenihans-salary-cuts-do-not-add-up-1969628.html">the original</a> on 23 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Opposition+says+Lenihan%27s+salary+cuts+do+not+add+up&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Fiach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fnational-news%2Fbudget%2Fcomment-reaction%2Fopposition-says-lenihans-salary-cuts-do-not-add-up-1969628.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinlan2008" class="citation web cs1">Quinlan, Ronald (18 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080521055535/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/opulent-phoenix-park-lodge-is--set-to-become-fortress-cowen-1378987.html">"Opulent Phoenix Park lodge is set to become 'Fortress Cowen'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/national-news/opulent-phoenix-park-lodge-is--set-to-become-fortress-cowen-1378987.html">the original</a> on 21 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Opulent+Phoenix+Park+lodge+is+set+to+become+%27Fortress+Cowen%27&rft.date=2008-05-18&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fnational-news%2Fopulent-phoenix-park-lodge-is--set-to-become-fortress-cowen-1378987.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Regan2009" class="citation news cs1">O'Regan, Michael (29 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101118220220/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0129/1232923372778.html">"Cowen questioned on use of Farmleigh"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0129/1232923372778.html">the original</a> on 18 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Cowen+questioned+on+use+of+Farmleigh&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft.aulast=O%27Regan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fireland%2F2009%2F0129%2F1232923372778.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyle2023" class="citation news cs1">Coyle, Colin (3 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2023/09/03/over-87000-spent-upgrading-underused-stewards-lodge-in-dublins-phoenix-park/">"Over €87,000 spent upgrading underused Steward's Lodge in Dublin's Phoenix Park"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118201101/https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2023/09/03/over-87000-spent-upgrading-underused-stewards-lodge-in-dublins-phoenix-park/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Over+%E2%82%AC87%2C000+spent+upgrading+underused+Steward%27s+Lodge+in+Dublin%27s+Phoenix+Park&rft.date=2023-09-03&rft.aulast=Coyle&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fpolitics%2F2023%2F09%2F03%2Fover-87000-spent-upgrading-underused-stewards-lodge-in-dublins-phoenix-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://source.pipers.ie/Media.aspx?mediaId=24396&categoryId=907">"P. W. Joyce: Ancient Irish Music » 47 – Mór Chluana"</a>. Na Píobairí Uilleann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221065107/http://source.pipers.ie/Media.aspx?mediaId=24396&categoryId=907">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P.+W.+Joyce%3A+Ancient+Irish+Music+%C2%BB+47+%E2%80%93+M%C3%B3r+Chluana&rft.pub=Na+P%C3%ADobair%C3%AD+Uilleann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsource.pipers.ie%2FMedia.aspx%3FmediaId%3D24396%26categoryId%3D907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ainm-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ainm_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ainm_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=260">"Joyce, Patrick Weston (1827–1914)"</a>. <i>Ainm.ie</i> (in Irish). Cló Iar-Chonnacht. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220180149/http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=260">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ainm.ie&rft.atitle=Joyce%2C+Patrick+Weston+%281827%E2%80%931914%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ainm.ie%2FBio.aspx%3FID%3D260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cuiv-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cuiv_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cuiv_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cuiv_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Cuív2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Brian Ó Cuív">Ó Cuív, Brian</a> (1 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pYNeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA425">"Irish language and literature, 1845–1921"</a>. In W. E. Vaughan (ed.). <i>Ireland Under the Union, 1870–1921</i>. A New History of Ireland. Vol. VI. Oxford University Press. p. 425. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199583744" title="Special:BookSources/9780199583744"><bdi>9780199583744</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627122510/http://books.google.com/books?id=pYNeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA425">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Irish+language+and+literature%2C+1845%E2%80%931921&rft.btitle=Ireland+Under+the+Union%2C+1870%E2%80%931921&rft.series=A+New+History+of+Ireland&rft.pages=425&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.isbn=9780199583744&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Cu%C3%ADv&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpYNeAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmc.ie/music/amhran-dochais">"Amhrán Dóchais"</a>. Contemporary Music Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020063853/https://www.cmc.ie/music/amhran-dochais">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amhr%C3%A1n+D%C3%B3chais&rft.pub=Contemporary+Music+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmc.ie%2Fmusic%2Famhran-dochais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#article28_5_1">"Constitution of Ireland"</a>. <i>Irish Statute Book</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2Fcons%2Fen%2Fhtml%23article28_5_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youthzone-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-youthzone_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-youthzone_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/School%20Pack.pdf">"Youth Zone School Pack"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Taoiseach" title="Department of the Taoiseach">Department of the Taoiseach</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071202192318/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/School%20Pack.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+the+Taoiseach&rft.atitle=Youth+Zone+School+Pack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taoiseach.gov.ie%2Fattached_files%2FPdf%2520files%2FSchool%2520Pack.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCarthy2010a-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy2010a_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2010" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, John-Paul (10 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/wt-became-the-most-ruthless-of-them-all-26621462.html">"WT became the most ruthless of them all"</a>. <i>Irish Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122223743/http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/wt-became-the-most-ruthless-of-them-all-26621462.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>. <q>While Taoiseach itself carried with it some initially unpleasant assonances with Caudillo, Fuhrer and Duce, all but one of the 12 men who wielded the prime ministerial sceptre have managed to keep their megalomaniacal tendencies in check.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=WT+became+the+most+ruthless+of+them+all&rft.date=2010-01-10&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=John-Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fopinion%2Fanalysis%2Fwt-became-the-most-ruthless-of-them-all-26621462.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quigley1944a-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quigley1944a_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley1944" class="citation book cs1">Quigley, Martin (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LOdQAQAAMAAJ&q=Taoiseach+Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo"><i>Great Gaels: Ireland at Peace in a World at War</i></a>. p. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123429/https://books.google.com/books?id=LOdQAQAAMAAJ&q=Taoiseach+Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>. <q>Eamon de Valera is <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">An Taoiseach</i></span> or "boss Gael." That title goes considerably beyond the English "prime minister" or the American "president." It is the Gaelic equivalent of the German "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fuehrer</i></span>," the Italian "<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Duce</i></span>" and the Spanish "<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Caudillo</i></span>." </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Gaels%3A+Ireland+at+Peace+in+a+World+at+War&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLOdQAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DTaoiseach%2BFuhrer%2BDuce%2BCaudillo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span> Published in New York, 1944 (publisher not identified); Original from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>; Digitised 6 May 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPA1970a-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPA1970a_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-YWAAAAIAAJ&q=Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo"><i>Administration – Volume 18</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Public_Administration_(Ireland)" title="Institute of Public Administration (Ireland)">IPA</a>. 1970. p. 153. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123429/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-YWAAAAIAAJ&q=Fuhrer+Duce+Caudillo">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>. <q>... and let alone the names of the Prime Minister (the Taoiseach, a word that is related to Duce, Fuhrer, and Caudillo) (translated from the original Irish: ... <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">agus fiú amháin ainmeacha [sic] an Phríomh-Aire (An Taoiseach, focal go bhfuil gaol aige le Duce, Fuhrer, agus Caudillo)</i></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Administration+%E2%80%93+Volume+18&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=IPA&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ-YWAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DFuhrer%2BDuce%2BCaudillo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span>Original from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>; Digitised 6 December 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2004" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, E. William (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ywZuLEa6oxsC&pg=PA32"><i>Scotland Under Her Early Kings: A History of the Kingdom to the Close of the Thirteenth Century Part One</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781417946075" title="Special:BookSources/9781417946075"><bdi>9781417946075</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123430/https://books.google.com/books?id=ywZuLEa6oxsC&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland+Under+Her+Early+Kings%3A+A+History+of+the+Kingdom+to+the+Close+of+the+Thirteenth+Century+Part+One&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781417946075&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=E.+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DywZuLEa6oxsC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232058/http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=4336&startset=43732115&dtext=snd&query=TOISEACH">"DSL – SND1 TOISEACH"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk/getent4.php?plen=4336&startset=43732115&dtext=snd&query=TOISEACH">the original</a> on 2 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DSL+%E2%80%93+SND1+TOISEACH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsl.ac.uk%2Fgetent4.php%3Fplen%3D4336%26startset%3D43732115%26dtext%3Dsnd%26query%3DTOISEACH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims-Williams1992" class="citation journal cs1">Sims-Williams, Patrick (Summer 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yVopAQAAMAAJ&q=%22medieval+celtic+studies%22+towiss%C4%81kos">"The Additional Letters of the Ogam Alphabet"</a>. <i>Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies</i>. <b>23</b>: 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123431/https://books.google.com/books?id=y9xQAQAAIAAJ&q=towissakos">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Medieval+Celtic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Additional+Letters+of+the+Ogam+Alphabet&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Sims-Williams&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyVopAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522medieval%2Bceltic%2Bstudies%2522%2Btowiss%25C4%2581kos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBollingBloch1968" class="citation web cs1">Bolling, George Melville; Bloch, Bernard (27 June 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AncKAQAAMAAJ&q=towiss%C4%81kos">"Language"</a>. Linguistic Society of America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123431/https://books.google.com/books?id=AncKAQAAMAAJ&q=towiss%C4%81kos">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language&rft.pub=Linguistic+Society+of+America&rft.date=1968-06-27&rft.aulast=Bolling&rft.aufirst=George+Melville&rft.au=Bloch%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAncKAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dtowiss%25C4%2581kos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oops2017-02-09a-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oops2017-02-09a_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/News/Taoiseach's_Press_Releases/Statement_by_An_Taoiseach_on_the_death_of_Cardinal_Desmond_Connell.html">"Statement by An Taoiseach on the death of Cardinal Desmond Connell"</a>. Department of the Taoiseach. 9 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406113821/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/News/Taoiseach%27s_Press_Releases/Statement_by_An_Taoiseach_on_the_death_of_Cardinal_Desmond_Connell.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>. <q>The Taoiseach has learnt with regret …</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+by+An+Taoiseach+on+the+death+of+Cardinal+Desmond+Connell&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Taoiseach&rft.date=2017-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taoiseach.gov.ie%2Feng%2FNews%2FTaoiseach%27s_Press_Releases%2FStatement_by_An_Taoiseach_on_the_death_of_Cardinal_Desmond_Connell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-26/20/">Frank Mr. MacDermot of the National Centre Party – Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste (Ath-thógaint) – Wednesday, 26 May 1937; Dáil Éireann Debate Vol. 67 No. 9</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122141908/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-26/">Archived</a> 22 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1937-05-26/speech/225/">"Bunreacht na hEireann (Dréacht)—Coiste (Ath-thógaint) – Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil) – Vol. 67 No. 9"</a>. <i>Oireachtas Debates</i>. 26 May 1937.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oireachtas+Debates&rft.atitle=Bunreacht+na+hEireann+%28Dr%C3%A9acht%29%E2%80%94Coiste+%28Ath-th%C3%B3gaint%29+%E2%80%93+D%C3%A1il+%C3%89ireann+%288th+D%C3%A1il%29+%E2%80%93+Vol.+67+No.+9&rft.date=1937-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oireachtas.ie%2Fen%2Fdebates%2Fdebate%2Fdail%2F1937-05-26%2Fspeech%2F225%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/9feb2a-former-taoisigh/">"Former Taoisigh"</a>. <i>Government of Ireland</i>. November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304162522/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/9feb2a-former-taoisigh/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Ireland&rft.atitle=Former+Taoisigh&rft.date=2018-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ie%2Fen%2Fpublication%2F9feb2a-former-taoisigh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912123432/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/coughlan-new-t%C3%A1naiste-in-cowen-cabinet-1.822339">"Coughlan new Tánaiste in Cowen Cabinet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>. 17 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2008/0507/breaking7.htm">the original</a> on 12 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Coughlan+new+T%C3%A1naiste+in+Cowen+Cabinet&rft.date=2008-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fbreaking%2F2008%2F0507%2Fbreaking7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0507/fiannafail.html">"Taoiseach reveals new front bench"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a>. 7 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510112700/http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0507/fiannafail.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taoiseach+reveals+new+front+bench&rft.date=2008-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2008%2F0507%2Ffiannafail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510161334/http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/mhgbausnidau/">"Cowen confirmed as Taoiseach"</a>. <i>BreakingNews.ie</i>. 7 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/mhgbausnidau/">the original</a> on 10 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BreakingNews.ie&rft.atitle=Cowen+confirmed+as+Taoiseach&rft.date=2008-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breakingnews.ie%2Fireland%2Fmhgbausnidau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0613/882267-enda-kenny/">"Kenny's farewell: 'This has never been about me'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News" title="RTÉ News">RTÉ News</a>. 13 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613035137/https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0613/882267-enda-kenny/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kenny%27s+farewell%3A+%27This+has+never+been+about+me%27&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2017%2F0613%2F882267-enda-kenny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IrishTimes2017-06-08a-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IrishTimes2017-06-08a_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord2017" class="citation news cs1">Lord, Miriam (8 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-the-man-who-evolved-into-a-taoiseach-1.3106073">"Taoiseach-in-waiting meets man waiting to be taoiseach"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608013704/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/leo-varadkar-the-man-who-evolved-into-a-taoiseach-1.3106073">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Taoiseach-in-waiting+meets+man+waiting+to+be+taoiseach&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fleo-varadkar-the-man-who-evolved-into-a-taoiseach-1.3106073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaoiseach" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoiseach&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/taoiseach" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:taoiseach">taoiseach</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ie/en/organisation/department-of-the-taoiseach/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taoisigh_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_government_of_Ireland" title="Template:Heads of government of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_government_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Heads of government of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_government_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of government of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taoisigh_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taoisigh of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" title="Seán Lemass">Seán Lemass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Previous_offices_under_earlier_constitutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Previous offices under earlier constitutions</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a> (1922–37)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State">Chairman of the Provisional Government</a> (1922)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(Irish_leader)" title="Michael Collins (Irish leader)">Michael Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="President of Dáil Éireann">President of Dáil Éireann</a> or <br />President of the Irish Republic (1919–22)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Brugha" title="Cathal Brugha">Cathal Brugha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" title="Arthur Griffith">Arthur Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Government_of_Ireland" title="Template:Government of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Government_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Government_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taoiseach <i>(prime minister)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste <i>(deputy prime minister)</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Agriculture,_Food_and_the_Marine" title="Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine">Agriculture, Food and the Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children,_Equality,_Disability,_Integration_and_Youth" title="Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth">Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Defence (Ireland)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Education_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Education (Ireland)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Enterprise,_Trade_and_Employment" title="Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment">Enterprise, Trade and Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Environment,_Climate_and_Communications" title="Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications">Environment, Climate and Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Finance_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Finance (Ireland)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ireland)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Further_and_Higher_Education,_Research,_Innovation_and_Science" title="Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science">Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Health_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Health (Ireland)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Housing,_Local_Government_and_Heritage" title="Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage">Housing, Local Government and Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Justice_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Justice (Ireland)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Public_Expenditure,_National_Development_Plan_Delivery_and_Reform" title="Minister for Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform">Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Rural_and_Community_Development" title="Minister for Rural and Community Development">Rural and Community Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Social_Protection" title="Minister for Social Protection">Social Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Tourism,_Culture,_Arts,_Gaeltacht,_Sport_and_Media" title="Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media">Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Transport_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Transport (Ireland)">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former ministries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Co-ordination_of_Defensive_Measures" title="Minister for the Co-ordination of Defensive Measures">Co-ordination of Defensive Measures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Economic_Affairs" title="Minister for Economic Affairs">Economic Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Fine_Arts" title="Minister for Fine Arts">Fine Arts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Industries" title="Minister for Industries">Industries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Labour_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Labour (Ireland)">Labour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Posts_and_Telegraphs" title="Minister for Posts and Telegraphs">Posts and Telegraphs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Publicity" title="Minister for Publicity">Publicity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Supplies" title="Minister for Supplies">Supplies</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cabinets_since_1919" title="Irish cabinets since 1919">List of Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_at_the_Department_of_the_Taoiseach" title="Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach">Government Chief Whip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_cabinet_ministers_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of female cabinet ministers of the Republic of Ireland">Female cabinet ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Ireland)" title="Minister of State (Ireland)">Minister of State <i>(junior minister)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_ministers_of_state_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of female ministers of state of the Republic of Ireland">Female Ministers of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Ireland" title="Attorney General of Ireland">Attorney General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads<br />of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Greece" title="President of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_North_Macedonia" title="President of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Abkhazia" title="President of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kosovo" title="President of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Ossetia" title="President of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Andorra" title="List of heads of government of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.</li> <li>2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.</li> <li>3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Council" title="Template:European Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Council" title="Template talk:European Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">List of meetings</a></li> <li>Parties represented <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_1998" title="Parties in the European Council during 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_1999" title="Parties in the European Council during 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2000" title="Parties in the European Council during 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2001" title="Parties in the European Council during 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2002" title="Parties in the European Council during 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2003" title="Parties in the European Council during 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_January_and_April_2004" title="Parties in the European Council between January and April 2004">2004 (January–April)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_May_and_December_2004" title="Parties in the European Council between May and December 2004">2004 (May–December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2005" title="Parties in the European Council during 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2006" title="Parties in the European Council during 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2007" title="Parties in the European Council during 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2008" title="Parties in the European Council during 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2009" title="Parties in the European Council during 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2010" title="Parties in the European Council during 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2011" title="Parties in the European Council during 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2012" title="Parties in the European Council during 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_January_and_June_2013" title="Parties in the European Council between January and June 2013">2013 (January–June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_July_and_December_2013" title="Parties in the European Council between July and December 2013">2013 (July–December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2014" title="Parties in the European Council during 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2015" title="Parties in the European Council during 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2016" title="Parties in the European Council during 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2017" title="Parties in the European Council during 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2018" title="Parties in the European Council during 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2020 (page does not exist)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2021&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2021 (page does not exist)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2022 (page does not exist)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2023 (page does not exist)">2023</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a></b> (non-voting)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Nehammer</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">AT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">BE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">BG</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">HR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">CY</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">CZ</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">DK</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">EE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">FI</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">FR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">DE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">GR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">HU</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Harris</a></span> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">IE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">IT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">LV</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">LT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Luxembourg">LU</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">MT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">NL</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">PL</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">PT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">RO</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">SK</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">SI</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">ES</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">SE</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the Commission</a> (non-voting)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Borrell</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a>) (present non-member, non-voting)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the Parliament</a>) (partially attending, non-member, non-voting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Titles_used_for_heads_of_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_heads_of_government" title="Template:Types of heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Types of heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Titles_used_for_heads_of_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Titles used for <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_(head_of_government)" title="Chief executive (head of government)">Chief executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">Chief minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a> (collective head of government)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_minister" title="First minister">First minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">Minister-president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_of_Ministers" title="President of the Council of Ministers">President of the Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">President of the Executive Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_government" title="President of the government">President of the government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime minister</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taoiseach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">President of the Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Elder_of_Estonia" title="State Elder of Estonia">State Elder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers" title="Template talk:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime ministers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Barbados" title="Prime Minister of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Bermuda" title="List of premiers of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo">Congo (Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo (Democratic Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Prime Minister of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Prime Minister of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Dominica" title="Prime Minister of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guyana" title="Prime Minister of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica" title="Prime Minister of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Niue" title="Prime Minister of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Peru" title="Prime Minister of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Samoa" title="Prime Minister of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Senegal" title="Prime Minister of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Prime Minister of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Prime Minister of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Prime Minister of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tajikistan" title="Prime Minister of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tanzania" title="Prime Minister of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tonga" title="Prime Minister of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government_of_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tuvalu" title="Prime Minister of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uganda" title="Prime Minister of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Uzbekistan" title="Prime Minister of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vanuatu" title="Prime Minister of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen" title="Prime Minister of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct title</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Angola" title="Prime Minister of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Brazil" title="Prime Minister of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ghana" title="Prime Minister of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kenya" title="Prime Minister of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malawi" title="Prime Minister of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Maldives" title="Prime Minister of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a 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