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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Russian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barngarla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barngarla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Barngarla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barngarla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inflectional_suffixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inflectional_suffixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Inflectional suffixes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inflectional_suffixes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Inflectional suffixes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Inflectional_suffixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Verbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives_and_adverbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives_and_adverbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Adjectives and adverbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives_and_adverbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Derivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altered_pronunciation_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altered_pronunciation_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Altered pronunciation in English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altered_pronunciation_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Suffix</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 92 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agtervoegsel" title="Agtervoegsel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Agtervoegsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A9" title="لاحقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاحقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufixo" title="Sufixo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sufixo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufixu" title="Sufixu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sufixu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbiti" title="Mbiti – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbiti" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangiring" title="Pangiring – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pangiring" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="প্রকৃতি-প্রত্যয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রকৃতি-প্রত্যয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суфікс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суфікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суфікс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Суфікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наставка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Наставка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufiks" title="Sufiks – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sufiks" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lostger" title="Lostger – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lostger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufix" title="Sufix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sufix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суффикс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Суффикс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taponggikit" title="Taponggikit – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Taponggikit" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufix" title="Sufix – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sufix" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chivakamberi" title="Chivakamberi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chivakamberi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olddodiad" title="Olddodiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Olddodiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaa%C5%8Ba_bi%C9%9Blimpahirili" title="Nyaaŋa biɛlimpahirili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nyaaŋa biɛlimpahirili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffiks" title="Suffiks – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Suffiks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Suffix" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufiks" title="Sufiks – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sufiks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufijo" title="Sufijo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sufijo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufikso" title="Sufikso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sufikso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atzizki" title="Atzizki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atzizki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="پسوند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پسوند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffixe_(linguistique)" title="Suffixe (linguistique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suffixe (linguistique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffiks" title="Suffiks – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Suffiks" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarmh%C3%ADr" title="Iarmhír – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iarmhír" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iar-leasachan" title="Iar-leasachan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iar-leasachan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufixo" title="Sufixo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sufixo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%91%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC" title="접미사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="접미사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81" title="Վերջածանց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերջածանց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AF" title="प्रत्यय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रत्यय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufiks" title="Sufiks – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sufiks" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufixo" title="Sufixo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sufixo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufiks" title="Sufiks – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sufiks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffixo" title="Suffixo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Suffixo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D1%84%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фæсæфтуан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фæсæфтуан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B0skeyti" title="Viðskeyti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Viðskeyti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffisso" title="Suffisso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suffisso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%94)" title="סופית (מורפמה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופית (מורפמה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panambang" title="Panambang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Panambang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Жұрнақ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жұрнақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiambishi_tamati" title="Kiambishi tamati – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiambishi tamati" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%9Fgir" title="Paşgir – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Paşgir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffixum" title="Suffixum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Suffixum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied%C4%93klis" title="Piedēklis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piedēklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesaga" title="Priesaga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Priesaga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achterveugsel" title="Achterveugsel – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Achterveugsel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Наставка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Наставка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tovana_(fitsipiteny)" title="Tovana (fitsipiteny) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tovana (fitsipiteny)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffiss" title="Suffiss – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Suffiss" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AF" title="प्रत्यय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रत्यय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhiran" title="Akhiran – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akhiran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%98%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဝိဘတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝိဘတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Suffix" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AF" title="प्रत्यय – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रत्यय" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E5%B0%BE%E8%BE%9E" title="接尾辞 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="接尾辞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суффикс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Суффикс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffiks" title="Suffiks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Suffiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffiks" title="Suffiks – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Suffiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fufii" title="Fufii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fufii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffiks" title="Suffiks – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suffiks" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%86%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="پچھیتر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پچھیتر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Suffix" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przyrostek" title="Przyrostek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przyrostek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufixo" title="Sufixo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sufixo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27askaq" title="K'askaq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'askaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суфикс – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Суфикс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суффикс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суффикс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%92" title="لاحقے – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="لاحقے" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prapashtesa" title="Prapashtesa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Prapashtesa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Suffix" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%87%D8%A7%DA%99%D9%8A" title="پڇاڙي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پڇاڙي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADpona" title="Prípona – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prípona" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pripona" title="Pripona – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pripona" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar-gadaal_(naxwe)" title="Masdar-gadaal (naxwe) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Masdar-gadaal (naxwe)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="پاشگر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاشگر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суфикс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суфикс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufiks" title="Sufiks – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sufiks" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffiksi" title="Suffiksi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suffiksi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Suffix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_ek" title="Son ek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Son ek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Суфікс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суфікс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_t%E1%BB%91" title="Hậu tố – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hậu tố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poy%C3%BCmot" title="Poyümot – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Poyümot" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawete_(linwince)" title="Cawete (linwince) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cawete (linwince)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%BC%80" title="后缀 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="后缀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%B0%BE" title="詞尾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="詞尾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%B6%B4" title="後綴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="後綴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%A1%EA%A0%A6%EA%A0%A1%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%A4" title="ꠡꠦꠡꠤꠟꠤ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠡꠦꠡꠤꠟꠤ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102047#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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href="/w/index.php?title=-able&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="-able">-able</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Morpheme placed at the end of a word</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Suffix_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Suffix (disambiguation)">Suffix (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">Affixes</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.4em 2.0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">Prefix</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suffix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumfix" title="Circumfix">Circumfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">Duplifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infix" title="Infix">Infix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libfix" title="Libfix">Libfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interfix" title="Interfix">Interfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfix" title="Transfix">Transfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulfix" title="Simulfix">Simulfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprafix" title="Suprafix">Suprafix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disfix" title="Disfix">Disfix</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> See also:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.4em 2.0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Null_morpheme" title="Null morpheme">Null morpheme</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Affixes" title="Template:Affixes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Affixes" title="Template talk:Affixes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Affixes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Affixes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, a <b>suffix</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affix</a> which is placed after the <a href="/wiki/Stem_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem (linguistics)">stem</a> of a word. Common examples are <a href="/wiki/Case_endings" class="mw-redirect" title="Case endings">case endings</a>, which indicate the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case">grammatical case</a> of nouns and adjectives, and verb endings, which form the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation" title="Grammatical conjugation">conjugation</a> of verbs. Suffixes can carry grammatical information (<a href="/wiki/Inflection" title="Inflection">inflectional</a> endings) or lexical information (<a href="/wiki/Derivation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Derivation (linguistics)">derivational</a>/lexical suffixes)<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its <a href="/wiki/Syntactic_category" title="Syntactic category">syntactic category</a>. Derivational suffixes fall into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation. </p><p>Particularly in the study of <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a>, suffixes are called <b>affirmatives</b>, as they can alter the form of the words. In <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_studies" title="Indo-European studies">Indo-European studies</a>, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings (see <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_root" title="Proto-Indo-European root">Proto-Indo-European root</a>). </p><p>A word-final segment that is somewhere between a <a href="/wiki/Free_morpheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Free morpheme">free morpheme</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bound_morpheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Bound morpheme">bound morpheme</a> is known as a <b>suffixoid</b><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a <b>semi-suffix</b><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <i>-like</i> or <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>-freundlich</i> "friendly"). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Girl<b>s</b></i>—where the suffix <i>-s</i> marks the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">plurality</a>.</dd> <dd><i>He make<b>s</b></i>—where suffix <i>-s</i> marks the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person">third person</a> <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">singular</a> <a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">present tense</a>.</dd> <dd><i>It clos<b>ed</b></i>—where the suffix <i>-ed</i> marks the <a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">past tense</a>.</dd> <dd><i>It's bright<b>er</b></i>—where the suffix <i>-er</i> marks the <a href="/wiki/Comparative" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative">comparative</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>De beau<b>x</b> jours</i>—where the suffix <i>-x</i> marks the <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a>.</dd> <dd><i>Elle est passablement joli<b>e</b> </i>—where the suffix <i>-e</i> marks the <a href="/wiki/Feminine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine">feminine</a> form of the adjective.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>mein Computer</i>—where the lack of suffixes is because its case, nominative, is "unmarked"</dd> <dd><i>mein<b>es</b> Computer<b>s</b></i>—genitive case</dd> <dd><i>mein<b>em</b> Computer</i>—dative case</dd> <dd><i>mein<b>en</b> Computer</i>—accusative case</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian">Russian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Russian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>мой компьютер—</i>where the lack of suffixes is because its case, nominative, is "unmarked"</dd> <dd><i>мо<b>его</b> компьютер<b>а</b></i>—genitive case</dd> <dd><i>мо<b>ему</b> компьютер<b>у</b></i>—dative case</dd> <dd><i>мой компьютер</i>—accusative case</dd> <dd><i>за-туш-<b>и-ть</b> свеч<b>у</b></i>—where first word has -и- suffix, -ть ending (infinitive form); second word with ending -у (accusative case, singular, feminine).</dd> <dd><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:доброжелательный">добр-о-жел-а-<b>тель-н-ый</b></a></i>—добр- root, -о- interfix, -жел- root, verbal -a- interfix, nominal <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:-тель">-тель</a> suffix, adjectival -н- suffix, adjectival -ый ending (nominative case, singular, masculine).</dd> <dd><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:выдающийся">выда-<b>ющ-ий-ся</b></a></i>—here suffix -ся (reflexive) is so-called <b>postfix</b> as it is placed after the adjectival ending.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barngarla"><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Barngarla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>wárraidya</i> "<a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emu</a>" — where the lack of suffixes is because its grammatical number, singular, is "unmarked"</dd> <dd><i>wárraidya<b>lbili</b></i> "two emus" — dual</dd> <dd><i>wárraidya<b>rri</b></i> "emus" — plural</dd> <dd><i>wárraidya<b>ilyarranha</b></i> "a lot of emus", "heaps of emus" — superplural<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 227–228">: 227–228 </span></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inflectional_suffixes">Inflectional suffixes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inflectional suffixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Inflection" title="Inflection">Inflection</a> changes the grammatical properties of a word within its <a href="/wiki/Syntactic_category" title="Syntactic category">syntactic category</a>. In several languages, this is realized by an inflectional suffix, also known as <b>desinence</b>. In the example: </p> <dl><dd>I was hoping the cloth wouldn't fade, but it has fad<b>ed</b> quite a bit.</dd></dl> <p>the suffix <i>-d</i> inflects the <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">root</a>-word <i>fade</i> to indicate past participle. </p><p>Inflectional suffixes do not change the word class of the word after the inflection.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflectional suffixes in Modern English include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>-s</b> third person singular simple present indicative active</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/-ed" class="mw-redirect" title="-ed">-ed</a></b> past tense and past participle</li> <li><b>-t</b> past tense (weak irregular)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/-ing" title="-ing">-ing</a></b> present participle and gerund</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/-en" class="mw-redirect" title="-en">-en</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Past_participle" class="mw-redirect" title="Past participle">past participle</a> (irregular)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>-s</b> plural number</li> <li><b>-en</b> plural number (irregular)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives_and_adverbs">Adjectives and adverbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adjectives and adverbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>-er</b> <a href="/wiki/Comparative_syntax_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative syntax in English">comparative</a> degree</li> <li><b>-est</b> <a href="/wiki/Superlative" class="mw-redirect" title="Superlative">superlative</a> degree</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derivation">Derivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Derivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Derivation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Derivation (linguistics)">Derivational</a> suffixes can be divided into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In English, they include </p> <ul><li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ly" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ly">-ly</a></b> (usually changes adjectives into adverbs, but also some nouns into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-al" class="extiw" title="wikt:-al">-al</a></b> /<b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ual" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ual">-ual</a></b> (usually changes nouns into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ic" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ic">-ic</a></b> /<b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ical" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ical">-ical</a></b> (usually changes nouns into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ish" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ish">-ish</a></b> (usually changes nouns into adjectives/class-maintaining, with the word class remaining an adjective)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ful" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ful">-ful</a></b> (usually changes nouns into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-oid" class="extiw" title="wikt:-oid">-oid</a></b> (usually changes nouns into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-like" class="extiw" title="wikt:-like">-like</a></b> (usually changes nouns into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-less" class="extiw" title="wikt:-less">-less</a></b> (usually changes nouns into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-able" class="extiw" title="wikt:-able">-able</a></b>/<b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ible" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ible">-ible</a></b> (usually changes verbs into adjectives)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ant" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ant">-ant</a></b> (usually changes verbs into nouns, often referring to a human agent)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-tion" class="extiw" title="wikt:-tion">-tion</a></b>/<b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ion" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ion">-ion</a></b>/<b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ation" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ation">-ation</a></b> (usually changes verbs into nouns)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ment" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ment">-ment</a></b> (usually changes verbs into nouns)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ity" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ity">-ity</a></b> (usually changes adjectives into nouns)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ness">-ness</a></b> (usually changes adjectives into nouns)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-fy" class="extiw" title="wikt:-fy">-fy</a></b> (usually changes nouns into verbs)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ise" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ise">-ise</a></b>/<b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ize" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ize">-ize</a></b> (usually changes nouns into verbs)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ess" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ess">-ess</a></b> (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ism" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ism">-ism</a></b> (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ist" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ist">-ist</a></b> (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-hood" class="extiw" title="wikt:-hood">-hood</a></b> (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-logy" class="extiw" title="wikt:-logy">-logy</a></b>/<b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ology" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ology">-ology</a></b> (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-um" class="extiw" title="wikt:-um">-um</a></b> (usually) museum; stadium; auditorium; aquarium; planetarium; medium</li> <li><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-wise" class="extiw" title="wikt:-wise">-wise</a></b> From wīse ("manner, way, condition, direction")</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altered_pronunciation_in_English">Altered pronunciation in English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Altered pronunciation in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A suffix will often change the stress or accent pattern of a multi-syllable word, altering the phoneme pattern of the root word even if the root's morphology does not change.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is the difference between "photograph" and "photography". In this case, the "-y" ending governs the stress pattern, causing the primary stress to shift from the first syllable ("pho-") to the antepenultimate ("-to-"). The unaccented syllables have their ordinary vowel sound changed to a schwa. This can be a particular problem for dyslexics, affecting their phonemic awareness,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a hurdle for non-native speakers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMead1993" class="citation book cs1">Mead, Jonathan (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rZ373puhVz8C&q=%22grammatical+suffix%22&pg=PA70"><i>Proceedings of the 11th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics</i></a>. Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881526-12-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881526-12-4"><bdi>978-1-881526-12-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+11th+West+Coast+Conference+on+Formal+Linguistics&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Language+%28CSLI%29&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-881526-12-4&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrZ373puhVz8C%26q%3D%2522grammatical%2Bsuffix%2522%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuffix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kremer, Marion. 1997. <i>Person reference and gender in translation: a contrastive investigation of English and German</i>. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, p. 69, note 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marchand, Hans. 1969. <i>The categories and types of present-day English word-formation: A synchronic-diachronic approach</i>. Munich: Beck, pp. 356 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> 2020, <a href="/wiki/Revivalistics" title="Revivalistics"><i>Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/revivalistics-9780199812790">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812790" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812790">9780199812790</a> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812776" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812776">9780199812776</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson and Amvela (2000): <i>Word, Meaning and Vocabulary; An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology</i>. London, Athenaeum Press, p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson and Amvela (2000): <i>Word, Meaning and Vocabulary; An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology</i>. London, Athenaeum Press, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nancy K. Lewkowicz, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40029663">Pronouncing Longer Words: Don't Begin at the Beginning</a>". <i>Journal of Reading</i>, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Dec., 1985), 226–237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/professionals/learn-about-dyslexia/diagnosing-dyslexia">Dyslexia Help: Success Starts Here</a>". University of Michigan.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffix&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Suffixes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Suffixes">Suffixes</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suffix&oldid=1282783847#Derivation">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suffix&oldid=1282783847#Derivation</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suffixes" title="Category:Suffixes">Suffixes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Affixes" title="Category:Affixes">Affixes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Linguistics_terminology" title="Category:Linguistics terminology">Linguistics terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_suffixes" title="Category:English suffixes">English suffixes</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 March 2025, at 15:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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