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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCgenpresse" title="Lügenpresse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lügenpresse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCgenpresse" title="Lügenpresse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lügenpresse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCgenpresse" title="Lügenpresse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lügenpresse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Лживая пресса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лживая пресса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCgenpresse" title="Lügenpresse – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lügenpresse" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valemedia" title="Valemedia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valemedia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about use of term "Lying press" as a pejorative. For the practice of distorting or fabricating facts in news, see <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a>.</div> <p> <b>Lying press</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><b>Lügenpresse</b></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'press of lies' <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈlyːɡn̩ˌpʁɛsə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/00\/De-L%C3%BCgenpresse.ogg\/De-L%C3%BCgenpresse.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-L\u00fcgenpresse.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/De-L%C3%BCgenpresse.ogg/De-L%C3%BCgenpresse.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-L%C3%BCgenpresse.ogg" title="File:De-Lügenpresse.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a> and disparaging political term used largely for the printed press and the <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a> at large. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Lügenpresse</i> has been used intermittently since the 19th century in political <a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">polemics</a> in Germany, by a wide range of groups and movements in a variety of debates and conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isolated uses can be traced back as far as the <a href="/wiki/Vorm%C3%A4rz" title="Vormärz">Vormärz</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term gained traction in the <a href="/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848%E2%80%9349" class="mw-redirect" title="German revolutions of 1848–49">March 1848 Revolution</a> when Catholic circles employed it to attack the rising, hostile liberal press. In the <a href="/wiki/Franco-German_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-German War">Franco-German War</a> (1870–1871) and particularly <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918) German intellectuals and journalists used the term to denounce what they believed was enemy war <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelischer_Pressedienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelischer Pressedienst (page does not exist)">Evangelischer Pressedienst</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelischer_Pressedienst" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelischer Pressedienst">de</a>]</span> made its mission the fight against the "lying press" which it considered to be the "strongest weapon of the enemy".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, German-speaking Marxists such as <a href="/wiki/Karl_Radek" title="Karl Radek">Karl Radek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Parvus" title="Alexander Parvus">Alexander Parvus</a> vilified "the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> lying press" as part of their class struggle rhetoric.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> adopted the term for their propaganda against the Jewish, communist, and later the foreign press. In 1922 <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> used the accusation of the "lying press" for the Marxist press.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i> chapter on war propaganda, he described what he saw as the extraordinary effect of enemy propaganda in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. He criticized German propaganda as ineffective and called for 'better' propaganda, which, allegedly like that of the English, French or Americans, was to be oriented towards psychological effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accusations of "lying" against domestic journalism can be found in his speeches, for example against the "social democratic press", Jewish liberals, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hermann Göring used the expression on 23 March 1933 in his speech during the debate on the <a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Reichstag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same speech he denied attacks on Jewish shops and desecrations of synagogues and Jewish cemeteries. </p><p>In December 1937, Manfred Pechau summarized parts of his dissertation ("National Socialism and German Language", Greifswald 1935) in the National Socialist monthly and listed synonyms for what he called "Jewish-Marxist lying press", including "Jewish journals".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party's official educational and speaker information material, published in 1938 by the Reich Propaganda Management of the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>, includes comments on the anti-Semitic November pogroms in 1938 by foreign media as reactions of the "propaganda and lying press" which allegedly represented a new field of slander against the Reich.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In several speeches by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> from the first half of 1939, "Lügenpresse" is used to characterize the media abroad, especially in the future World War II opponents, the United States, France, and Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point in time, the German domestic press had been "synchronized" (controlled) and a critical domestic press that the National Socialists referred to as the Lügenpresse no longer existed. The Nazi propaganda reacted to the false report of Max Schmeling's death with an attack on the "foreign lying press".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also variations in this terminology; the Völkischer Beobachter, for example, referred to the 'emigrant and international lying press' to deny reports about the poor health of the imprisoned <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1932, it rejected criticism of Rosenberg using the formula "Marxist lying press".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942, <a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a> described the French journalist <a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Tabouis" title="Geneviève Tabouis">Geneviève Tabouis</a>, who published reports on the expansion plans of National Socialism, as "the embodiment of this nifty lying press that was available to anyone who knew how to pay"; in the same context he claimed that "90 percent of all Paris newspapers" were under "Jewish influence" and that the newspaper editorial offices were staffed by "over 70 percent" Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expression was also used in speeches at carnival events that were used to bolster the party.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the National Socialist <a href="/wiki/Condor_Legion" title="Condor Legion">Condor Legion</a> bombed the city of <a href="/wiki/Guernica" title="Guernica">Guernica</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and this led to appalled reactions in the world, <a href="/wiki/General_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="General Franco">General Franco</a>'s propaganda accused the "Jewish lying press" of disinformation, claiming that this was a press maneuver by the Bolsheviks; this happened in harmony with the Nazi propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, Walter Hagemann analyzed how the Nazi press used the accusation of the "lying press" against the foreign press. He observed that readers should be made aware of how vigilant and reliable German journalism and politics are on this point. The rejection of the Allied "horror reports" as products of the "Jewish journal" was part of this Nazi strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_deniers" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust deniers">Holocaust deniers</a> fall back on this model of negating German war crimes through the accusation of the lying press. For example, the Remer dispatch in the 1990s alleged that criminal proceedings against the Holocaust denier <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Graf" title="Jürgen Graf">Jürgen Graf</a> to be the "pressure of the lying press" and Jewish actors.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">protests of 1968</a>, left-wing students disparaged the liberal-conservative <a href="/wiki/Axel_Springer_SE" title="Axel Springer SE">Axel Springer publishing house</a>, notably its flagship daily <i><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a></i>, as a "lying press".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century_usage">21st century usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 21st century usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pegida_Banner,_L%C3%BCgenpresse_Banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pegida_Banner%2C_L%C3%BCgenpresse_Banner.jpg/314px-Pegida_Banner%2C_L%C3%BCgenpresse_Banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="314" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pegida_Banner%2C_L%C3%BCgenpresse_Banner.jpg/471px-Pegida_Banner%2C_L%C3%BCgenpresse_Banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pegida_Banner%2C_L%C3%BCgenpresse_Banner.jpg/628px-Pegida_Banner%2C_L%C3%BCgenpresse_Banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2920" /></a><figcaption>"Lügenpresse" banner seen in a <a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">Pegida</a> demonstration</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 2014, the term was re-popularised by the anti-Islam <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> political movement <a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">Pegida</a>, in response to what its protesters felt was a scornful treatment by the mainstream media, as well as biased press reporting on the rising <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">migrant influx</a> and other immigration issues. It was chosen to be the "<a href="/wiki/Un-word_of_the_year" title="Un-word of the year">Un-word of the year</a>" for 2014 by a panel of five linguists and journalists of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_deutsche_Sprache" title="Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache">Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache</a></i> for "wholesale defamation" of the work of the media.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a> condemned the chanting of the slogan as "ahistorical nonsense", maintaining that in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">GDR</a> era the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">federal German</a> press is not manipulative in character and "covers events mostly in a correct and balanced way".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> chair <a href="/wiki/Frauke_Petry" title="Frauke Petry">Frauke Petry</a> accused the German media of "defamatory" coverage of her party at a party congress at Hanover, but said the party executive would use the term "lying press" sparingly, preferring the milder designation "<a href="/wiki/Pinocchio" title="Pinocchio">Pinocchio</a> press".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her fellow party member <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_H%C3%B6cke" title="Björn Höcke">Björn Höcke</a> criticized <i>Lügenpresse</i> as too sweeping a verdict for the journalistic profession, arguing instead for the alternative, phonetically very similar term 'Lückenpresse' ("gaps press"), which would describe more accurately <a href="/wiki/Reporting_bias" title="Reporting bias">reporting bias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German media detractors felt vindicated by the lack of mainstream coverage of the 2016 <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve_sexual_assaults_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany">New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Politico_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most media outlets ignored the mass assaults by <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North African</a> migrants and only started reporting on them five days later, after a wave of anger on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> made covering the attacks unavoidable.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delay in reporting on the incidents led to accusations that the authorities and the media attempted to ignore or cover up the migrant attacks to avoid criticism against the asylum and migration policy of the <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a> government.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former interior minister <a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Friedrich" title="Hans-Peter Friedrich">Hans-Peter Friedrich</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a>) criticized the media for upholding a "cartel of silence": "There's suspicion that they believe they don't have to report on such assaults, especially involving migrants and foreigners, for fear of unsettling the public."<sup id="cite_ref-Politico_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German press codex at that time still advised against mentioning the religion or ethnicity of criminal suspects and offenders unless there was a "factual connection" to the crime.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 poll by <a href="/wiki/Infratest_dimap" title="Infratest dimap">Infratest dimap</a> found one-fifth of Germans using the term in reference to German media, including newspapers, radio and TV, while almost three-fourths do not employ the word. 42 percent have doubts about the media's credibility, whereas 52 percent believe its coverage to be reliable on the whole.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a representative poll by the <a href="/wiki/Allensbach_Institute" title="Allensbach Institute">Allensbach Institute</a> of the same year, 39 percent of adult Germans think that there is some truth to the criticism of Pegida that the mainstream press is distorting facts and concealing crucial information from the reader; in the <a href="/wiki/New_states_of_Germany" title="New states of Germany">new states of Germany</a> this is believed by 44 percent of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another 2015 survey, by the weekly <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i>, found that 50 percent of respondents did not trust the media coverage on the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">refugee crisis</a>, 56 percent not on the Pegida movement, 63 percent not on the <a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a> and 66 percent not on the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Ukrainian war">Russo-Ukrainian war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>, the term began to be known in American society due to its usage by some, such as neo-Nazi <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard Spencer</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute (NPI)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was also said by two attendees of an October 2016 presidential campaign rally for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_lie" title="Big lie">Big lie</a> – Propaganda technique</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journaille" title="Journaille">Journaille</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politico-media_complex" title="Politico-media complex">Politico-media complex</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/bild-1079049-960848.html">timeline</a> in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/most-germans-think-the-press-is-lying-to-them-about-refugees-a-1079049.html">"Lying Press? Germans Lose Faith in the Fourth Estate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spiegel_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel Online">Spiegel Online</a></i>. 24 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online&rft.atitle=Lying+Press%3F+Germans+Lose+Faith+in+the+Fourth+Estate&rft.date=2016-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Fmost-germans-think-the-press-is-lying-to-them-about-refugees-a-1079049.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Zeitung" title="Wiener Zeitung">Wiener Zeitung</a></i>, 2 September 1835, p. 990; <i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Allgemeine Zeitung">Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i>, no. 69, 9 March 1840, p. 547</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHafenbrack2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hafenbrack, Hans (2004). <i>Geschichte des Evangelischen Pressedienstes. Evangelische Pressearbeit von 1848 bis 1981</i> (in German). Bielefeld: Luther-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7858-0488-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7858-0488-9"><bdi>978-3-7858-0488-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+des+Evangelischen+Pressedienstes.+Evangelische+Pressearbeit+von+1848+bis+1981&rft.place=Bielefeld&rft.pub=Luther-Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-7858-0488-9&rft.aulast=Hafenbrack&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Weber" title="Hermann Weber">Weber, Hermann</a> (1993). <i>Die Gründung der KPD: Protokoll und Materialien des Gründungsparteitages der Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands 1918/1919 mit einer Einführung zur angeblichen Erstveröffentlichung durch die SED</i> (in German). Dietz. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Gr%C3%BCndung+der+KPD%3A+Protokoll+und+Materialien+des+Gr%C3%BCndungsparteitages+der+Kommunistischen+Partei+Deutschlands+1918%2F1919+mit+einer+Einf%C3%BChrung+zur+angeblichen+Erstver%C3%B6ffentlichung+durch+die+SED&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Dietz&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Die Glocke – sozialistische Wochenschrift". <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Glocke_(magazine)" title="Die Glocke (magazine)">Die Glocke</a></i> (in German). <b>10</b> (40–52). Parvus/Verlag für Sozialwissenschaft: 1450. 1925.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Glocke&rft.atitle=Die+Glocke+%E2%80%93+sozialistische+Wochenschrift&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=40%E2%80%9352&rft.pages=1450&rft.date=1925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hitler, 17 February 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilhelm-der-zweite.de/kaiser/kritik_ns.php#_ftn12">wilhelm-der-zweite.de</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adolf Hitler: <i>Mein Kampf.</i> Kapitel „Kriegspropaganda".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volltextsuche in <i>Mein Kampf</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutscher_Reichsanzeiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutscher Reichsanzeiger (page does not exist)">Deutscher Reichsanzeiger</a> Nr. 71 24 March 1933.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zitiert nach Cornelia Schmitz-Berning: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d5r7Vrz3UgIC">Beda Weber: Die Trauerfeierlichkeit für Robert Blum zu Frankfurt am Main. In: Historisch-politische Blätter, Band 22 (1848), S. 794–811, Zitat: S. 799, online auf Google Books.=PA326 <i>Journaille.</i></a> In: dies.: <i>Vokabular des Nationalsozialismus</i>. Berlin, New York 1998, Stichwort "Journaille", S. 326 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reichspropagandaleitung der NSDAP: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFgeAQAAMAAJ&q=L%C3%BCgenpresse">Einziges Parteiamtliches Aufklärungs- und Redner Informationsmaterial (Sniplet)</a> 1938.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Goebbels: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/DieZeitOhneBeispiel/GoebbelsJoseph-DieZeitOhneBeispiel1941852S._djvu.txt"><i>Die Zeit ohne Beispiel. Reden und Aufsätze aus den Jahren 1939/40/41</i></a>, Zentralverlag der NSDAP, Franz Eher Nachf., München 1941.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Guido_Knopp" title="Guido Knopp">Guido Knopp</a>: <i>Der Zweite Weltkrieg: Bilder, die wir nie vergessen.</i> Hamburg 2014, S. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nach Raimund Koplin: <i>Carl von Ossietzky als politischer Publizist</i>. A. Leber, 1964, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqsLAAAAMAAJ&q=L%C3%BCgenpresse">S. 221</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fundstelle in den Literaturangabe von: Philipp Loewenfeld, Peter Landau, Rolf Riess: <i>Recht und Politik in Bayern zwischen Prinzregentenzeit und Nationalsozialismus: die Erinnerungen von Philipp Loewenfeld</i>. Aktiv Druck & Verlag, 2004, 712 Seiten (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4iAlAQAAIAAJ&q=L%C3%BCgenpresse">online</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a>: <i>Wille und Macht</i>. Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 1942, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VhcKAAAAIAAJ&q=L%C3%BCgenpresse">S. 32</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl D. Dietmar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Leifeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Leifeld (page does not exist)">Marcus Leifeld</a>: <i>Alaaf und Heil Hitler. Karneval im Dritten Reich</i>. Herbig, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7766-2630-8, S. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolf Martin Hamdorf: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/angriff-am-markttag.871.de.html?dram:article_id=125856"><i>Angriff am Markttag</i>.</a> <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandfunk" title="Deutschlandfunk">Deutschlandfunk</a>, 26 April 2007; retrieved 21 January 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Monteath, Elke Nicolai: <i>Zur Spanienkriegsliteratur: die Literatur des Dritten Reiches zum Spanischen Bürgerkrieg</i>. Lang, 1986 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zm8aAAAAYAAJ&q=j%C3%BCdische+L%C3%BCgenpresse">online</a>; findet sich ähnlich in der Memoirenliteratur des NS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Hagemann: <i>Publizistik im Dritten Reich. Ein Beitrag der Methodik der Massenführung</i>. Hamburg 1948 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3_YAAAAAMAAJ&q=L%C3%BCgenpresse+Propaganda">online</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Niggli, Jürg Frischknecht: <i>Rechte Seilschaften: wie die „unheimlichen Patrioten" den Zusammenbruch des Kommunismus meisterten</i>. Rotpunktverlag, 1998, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pH4vAQAAMAAJ&q=L%C3%BCgenpresse+">S. 666</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGörlich2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Görlich, Christopher (2002). <i>Die 68er in Berlin: Schauplätze und Ereignisse</i> (in German). Homilius. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89706-904-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89706-904-6"><bdi>978-3-89706-904-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+68er+in+Berlin%3A+Schaupl%C3%A4tze+und+Ereignisse&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Homilius&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-89706-904-6&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6rlich&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113120804/http://www.unwortdesjahres.net/fileadmin/unwort/download/pressemitteilung_unwort2014.pdf">"Pressemitteilung: Wahl des 24. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pressemitteilung%3A+Wahl+des+24.+%22Unworts+des+Jahres%22&rft.pub=Unwort+des+Jahres&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unwortdesjahres.net%2Ffileadmin%2Funwort%2Fdownload%2Fpressemitteilung_unwort2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221204048/https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2F2015-01%2Fgauck-pegida-luegenpresse">"Gauck kritisiert "Lügenpresse"-Begriff als geschichtsvergessen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i> (in German). 22 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2015-01/gauck-pegida-luegenpresse">the original</a> on 21 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Zeit&rft.atitle=Gauck+kritisiert+%22L%C3%BCgenpresse%22-Begriff+als+geschichtsvergessen&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fpolitik%2Fausland%2F2015-01%2Fgauck-pegida-luegenpresse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohbohm2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rohbohm, Hinrich (28 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2015/petry-schwoert-afd-auf-harten-kampf-ein/">"Petry schwört AfD auf "harten Kampf" ein"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Junge_Freiheit" title="Junge Freiheit">Junge Freiheit</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Cologne+puts+Germany%27s+%27lying+press%27+on+defensive&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.aulast=Karnitschnig&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fcologne-puts-germany-lying-media-press-on-defensive-migration-refugees-attacks-sex-assault-nye%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.de/20160105/brushing-sexual-assault-under-the-carpet-is-foolish">"Silence on sex crimes will make racism worse"</a>. <i>The Local</i>. 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Cover-up+claim+over+NYE+mass+sexual+assaults&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.de%2F20160104%2Frefugees-blamed-for-mass-sexual-assault-in-cologne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170324223834/http://www.presserat.de/pressekodex/pressekodex/#panel-ziffer_12____diskriminierungen">"Der Pressekodex. Richtlinie 12.1 – Berichterstattung über Straftaten"</a> (in German). Presserat. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Allensbach-Studie%3A+Mehrheit+f%C3%BChlt+sich+%C3%BCber+Fl%C3%BCchtlinge+einseitig+informiert&rft.date=2015-12-16&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6cher&rft.aufirst=Renate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2Ffluechtlingskrise%2Fallensbach-umfrage-zu-medienberichterstattung-in-fluechtlingskrise-13967959.html%3FprintPagedArticle%3Dtrue%23pageIndex_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamann2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hamann, Götz (25 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221204038/https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F2015%2F26%2Fjournalismus-medienkritik-luegenpresse-vertrauen-ukraine-krise%2Fkomplettansicht">"Wer vertraut uns noch?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/2015/26/journalismus-medienkritik-luegenpresse-vertrauen-ukraine-krise/komplettansicht">the original</a> on 21 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Zeit&rft.atitle=Wer+vertraut+uns+noch%3F&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft.aulast=Hamann&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6tz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F2015%2F26%2Fjournalismus-medienkritik-luegenpresse-vertrauen-ukraine-krise%2Fkomplettansicht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Atlantic2016" class="citation cs2">The Atlantic (21 November 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o6-bi3jlxk"><i><span></span>'Hail Trump!': Richard Spencer Speech Excerpts</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Hail+Trump%21%27%3A+Richard+Spencer+Speech+Excerpts&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.au=The+Atlantic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1o6-bi3jlxk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4544562/donald-trump-supporters-lugenpresse/">"Donald Trump supporters are using a Nazi word to attack journalists"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 25 October 2016. <q>Buzzfeed's Rosie Gray, one of the first reporters to chronicle Trump's rise alongside core elements of the alt right movement, recently tweeted a video that captured two Trump supporters shouting the phrase [<i>Lügenpresse</i>] at the members of the media covering the Republican Party's presidential nominee at a convention center in Cleveland, Ohio.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+supporters+are+using+a+Nazi+word+to+attack+journalists&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4544562%2Fdonald-trump-supporters-lugenpresse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALying+press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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id="Media_manipulation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">Media manipulation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_psychology" title="Crowd psychology">Crowd psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deception" title="Deception">Deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbing_down" title="Dumbing down">Dumbing down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-truth" title="Half-truth">Half-truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obfuscation" title="Obfuscation">Obfuscation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwellian" title="Orwellian">Orwellian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persuasion" title="Persuasion">Persuasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">Manipulation (psychology)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">Activism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">Advocacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call-out_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-out culture">Call-out culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">Grassroots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_communication" title="Guerrilla communication">Guerrilla communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_activism" title="Internet activism">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_activism" title="Media activism">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">Petitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_activism" title="Youth activism">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard" title="Billboard">Billboards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_advertising" title="False advertising">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">Infomercials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Mobiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_model" title="Promotional model">Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_advertisement" title="Radio advertisement">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" title="Sex in advertising">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_slogan" title="Advertising slogan">Slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimonial" title="Testimonial">Testimonials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_advertising" title="Criticism of advertising">Criticism of advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annoyance_factor" title="Annoyance factor">Annoyance factor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Media_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Media regulation">Media regulation</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_law" title="Broadcast law">Broadcast law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_books_and_burying_of_scholars" title="Burning of books and burying of scholars">Burying of scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_kill" title="Catch and kill">Catch and kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_censorship" title="Corporate censorship">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover-up" title="Cover-up">Cover-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">Euphemism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_censorship" title="Film censorship">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_censorship" title="Political censorship">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship">Self</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoaxing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_facts" title="Alternative facts">Alternative facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepfake" title="Deepfake">Deepfake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_website" title="Fake news website">websites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakelore" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakelore">Fakelore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_document" title="False document">False document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_entry" title="Fictitious entry">Fictitious entries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firehose_of_falsehood" title="Firehose of falsehood">Firehose of falsehood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgery" title="Forgery">Forgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hoaxes" title="List of hoaxes">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_forgery" title="Literary forgery">Literary</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lying press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_manipulation" title="Photograph manipulation">Photograph manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_hoax" title="Racial hoax">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends and myths">Urban legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus_hoax" title="Virus hoax">Virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_manipulation" title="Video manipulation">Video manipulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Branding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_marketing" title="Loyalty marketing">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_marketing" title="Product marketing">Product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_placement" title="Product placement">Product placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicity" title="Publicity">Publicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word-of-mouth_marketing" title="Word-of-mouth marketing">Word of mouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda-setting_theory" title="Agenda-setting theory">Agenda-setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_circus" title="Media circus">Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle" title="24-hour news cycle">Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotive_conjugation" title="Emotive conjugation">Emotive conjugation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managing_the_news" title="Managing the news">Managing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotizing_dysfunction" title="Narcotizing dysfunction">Narcotizing dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_event" title="Media event">Pseudo-event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_scrum" title="Media scrum">Scrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">Political campaigning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_advertising" title="Campaign advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">Astroturfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_ad" title="Attack ad">Attack ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvassing" title="Canvassing">Canvassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">Character assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_promise" title="Election promise">Election promises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_sign" title="Lawn sign">Lawn signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_platform" title="Party platform">Party platforms (or manifestos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_recognition" title="Name recognition">Name recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_campaigning" title="Negative campaigning">Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_poll" title="Push poll">Push polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_issue" title="Wedge issue">Wedge issue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_lie" title="Big lie">Big lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_manipulation" title="Crowd manipulation">Crowd manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fearmongering" title="Fearmongering">Fearmongering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(social_sciences)" title="Framing (social sciences)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loaded_language" title="Loaded language">Loaded language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">National mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">Rally 'round the flag effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_techniques" title="Propaganda techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_leaflet_propaganda" title="Airborne leaflet propaganda">Airborne leaflets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">False flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">Fifth column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information (IT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawfare" title="Lawfare">Lawfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_diplomacy" title="Public diplomacy">Public diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">Sedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subversion" title="Subversion">Subversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doublespeak" title="Doublespeak">Doublespeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-apology_apology" title="Non-apology apology">Non-apology apology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_management" title="Reputation management">Reputation management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">Slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_bite" title="Sound bite">Sound bites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)" title="Spin (propaganda)">Spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(propaganda)" title="Transfer (propaganda)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understatement" title="Understatement">Understatement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weasel_word" title="Weasel word">Weasel words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_propaganda" title="Corporate propaganda">Corporate propaganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_calling" title="Cold calling">Cold calling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door-to-door" title="Door-to-door">Door-to-door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pricing" title="Pricing">Pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_demonstration" title="Product demonstration">Product demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_promotion" title="Sales promotion">Promotion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaving" title="Spaving">Spaving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_merchandise" title="Promotional merchandise">Promotional merchandise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemarketing" title="Telemarketing">Telemarketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Influence-for-hire" title="Influence-for-hire">Influence-for-hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias_in_the_United_States" title="Media bias in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership" title="Concentration of media ownership">Media concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_democracy" title="Media democracy">Media democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_ecology" title="Media ecology">Media ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_ethics" title="Media ethics">Media ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">Media franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_mass_media" title="Influence of mass media">Media influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_proprietor" title="Media proprietor">Media proprietor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&oldid=1255251794">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lying_press&oldid=1255251794</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Criticism_of_journalism" title="Category:Criticism of journalism">Criticism of journalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lying" title="Category:Lying">Lying</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_issues" title="Category:Mass 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