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md:shadow-[0px_1px_4px_rgba(0,0,0,0.16)]"> <a class="featureimg hidden md:flex flex-col gap-4 items-center" href="https://ajaonline.org/toc/1292/"><img width="345" height="446" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1292_Cover.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="AJA 129.2 - April 2025" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1292_Cover.png 345w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1292_Cover-232x300.png 232w" sizes="(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px" /><p class="m-0 text-[#3C9DBE] text-[18px] leading-normal font-medium">Current Issue: April 2025 (129.2)</p></a> <div class="swiper homeSwiper pb-[10px]"> <div class="swiper-wrapper items-center"> <div class="swiper-slide flex-col md:flex-row gap-4 md:gap-0"> <a class="featureimg flex flex-col gap-4 items-center md:hidden" href="https://ajaonline.org/toc/1292/"><img width="345" height="446" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1292_Cover.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="AJA 129.2 - April 2025" decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1292_Cover.png 345w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/1292_Cover-232x300.png 232w" sizes="(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px" /><p class="m-0 text-[#3C9DBE] text-[18px] leading-normal font-medium">Current Issue: April 2025 (129.2)</p></a> <div class="issue w-full"> <div class="issue-content">  <p class="has-text-align-left">The <em>American Journal of Archaeology (AJA)</em> is one of the world’s most distinguished and widely distributed journals devoted to archaeology and has set the standard for archaeological scholarship since 1885. The <em>AJA</em> publishes original research on the diverse peoples and material cultures of the Mediterranean and related areas. <a href="https://www.ajaonline.org/submissions/editorial-policy/" data-type="book" data-id="3911">Learn more</a>.</p>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <a class="article" href="https://ajaonline.org/article/the-peculiar-hellenic-alloy-carl-blegens-narrative-of-greek-racial-development-in-context/"> <h2 class="article-title">“The Peculiar Hellenic Alloy”: Carl Blegen’s Narrative of Greek Racial Development in Context</h2> <img width="800" height="800" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Duray-800x800.png" class="attachment-square size-square wp-post-image" alt="Photograph taken on Alan Wace’s 60th birthday, at Mycenae, 13 July 1939. Left to right: Carl Blegen, Konstantinos Kourouniotis, Spyridon Marinatos, Bert H. Hill, Alan Wace, Georg Karo. American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Archives, Alan J.B. Wace Papers (courtesy ASCSA Archives)." decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Duray-800x800.png 800w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Duray-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><p class="article-author grid">By Anne Duray</p><p class="article-content"> In two short publications from the early 1940s, Carl Blegen characterized the development of prehistoric culture in Greece as a continuous process of racial mixing that laid the foundations for classical, and even modern, Greece. This article situates Blegen’s narrative of racial mixing within a longer tradition in Aegean prehistory, as it developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and especially how 19th-century ideas about race influenced archaeological und...</p> </a> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <a class="article" href="https://ajaonline.org/article/the-gladiatorial-spectacles-in-cyprus-and-the-enigma-of-the-amphitheater-at-salamis/"> <h2 class="article-title">The Gladiatorial Spectacles in Cyprus and the Enigma of the Amphitheater at Salamis</h2> <img width="800" height="800" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis-800x800.png" class="attachment-square size-square wp-post-image" alt="Salamis, the theater undergoing restoration in 1961. The remnants of the wall encircling the orchestra’s water pool are discernible (courtesy Department of Antiquities, Cyprus)." decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis-800x800.png 800w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis-300x300.png 300w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis-1024x1024.png 1024w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis-150x150.png 150w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis-768x768.png 768w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis-1536x1536.png 1536w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Karambinis.png 1948w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><p class="article-author grid">By Michalis Karambinis</p><p class="article-content"> Of the 12 cities that were active in Cyprus during the Roman Imperial period, current archaeological data indicates that gladiatorial and related spectacles were held only in Paphos, Salamis, and Kourion. The first two were the most important cities of the island and most probably organized such shows from the first century CE; in Kourion this happened later, in the first half of the third century CE. Concerning the venues where these events took place, there is evidence...</p> </a> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <a class="article" href="https://ajaonline.org/article/asserting-control-through-water-in-the-roman-period-the-evidence-from-southern-jordan-and-the-case-of-khirbet-al-khalde/"> <h2 class="article-title">Asserting Control Through Water in the Roman Period: The Evidence from Southern Jordan and the Case of Khirbet al-Khalde</h2> <img width="800" height="800" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Raja-800x800.png" class="attachment-square size-square wp-post-image" alt="Location m 416.03. One of the best-preserved sections of the aqueduct; scale = 1 m." decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Raja-800x800.png 800w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Raja-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><p class="article-author grid">By Craig A. Harvey, Emanuele E. Intagliata and Rubina Raja</p><p class="article-content"> This article examines water management and control by the Roman army in arid environments, with a focus on southern Jordan. It presents the results of an aqueduct survey at Khirbet al-Khalde (Wadi al-Yutm, Aqaba Governorate), situated 26 km to the northeast of modern Aqaba. The aqueduct, which is the best surviving example of its kind in the Wadi al-Yutm, connected the site’s small fort (<em>castellum</em>) to a spring located approximately 1 km to the southeast. The a...</p> </a> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <a class="article" href="https://ajaonline.org/field-report/fieldwork-at-phrygian-gordion-2016-2023/"> <h2 class="article-title">Fieldwork at Phrygian Gordion, 2016–2023</h2> <img width="800" height="800" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_report-800x800.png" class="attachment-square size-square wp-post-image" alt="Juniper beams in the rubble packing at the South Gate, deposited in the early eighth century BCE (C.B. Rose)." decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_report-800x800.png 800w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_report-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><p class="article-author grid">By C. Brian Rose, Gareth Darbyshire, Tuğba Gençer and Rostyslav Oreshko<span class="text-[#cc8624]">Available as Open Access</span></p><p class="article-content"> This article presents the results of the last eight seasons of work at Gordion in west central Türkiye, focusing primarily on architectural conservation, excavation, and remote sensing on the Citadel Mound. The recently discovered South Gate appears to have been in use for over 1,200 years, from the ninth century BCE to the fourth century CE, and with an approach road nearly 100 m long. New excavations in the Mosaic Building Complex, first unearthed in the 1950s and dat...</p> </a> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <a class="article" href="https://ajaonline.org/archaeological-note/the-citadel-of-gordion-and-the-dating-of-the-midas-monument-at-midas-city/"> <h2 class="article-title">The Citadel of Gordion and the Dating of the Midas Monument at Midas City</h2> <img width="800" height="800" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_note-800x800.png" class="attachment-square size-square wp-post-image" alt="The Midas Monument at Midas City (C.B. Rose; courtesy Penn Museum Gordion Project)." decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_note-800x800.png 800w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_note-300x300.png 300w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_note-150x150.png 150w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_note-768x768.png 768w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Rose_note.png 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><p class="article-author grid">By C. Brian Rose and Gareth Darbyshire</p><p class="article-content"> The rock-cut Midas Monument at Midas City, about 150 km west of Gordion, appears to reproduce the kind of megarons that were in operation in Iron Age Phrygia. In a 2023 article in the <em>AJA</em>, Geoffrey Summers argued that the Midas Monument was carved in the early sixth century BCE, when the surrounding area was under Lydian control. In this note, we address his arguments in detail and maintain that the available evidence supports a late eighth-century BCE date for ...</p> </a> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <a class="article" href="https://ajaonline.org/museum-review/the-reopening-of-the-museo-nazionale-jatta-di-ruvo-di-puglia/"> <h2 class="article-title">The Reopening of the Museo Nazionale Jatta di Ruvo di Puglia</h2> <img width="800" height="800" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/StansburyODonnell-800x800.png" class="attachment-square size-square wp-post-image" alt="View of room II of the Museo Nazionale Jatta in May 2024." decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/StansburyODonnell-800x800.png 800w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/StansburyODonnell-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><p class="article-author grid">By Mark D. Stansbury-O’Donnell<span class="text-[#cc8624]">Available as Open Access</span></p><p class="article-content"> The Museo Nazionale Jatta in Ruvo di Puglia reopened late in 2023 following a two-year closure for work on the refurbishment of the galleries in the 19th-century Palazzo Jatta and the reinstallation of the collection. The organization of the collection and its display cases and pedestals follow the original scheme from when the museum was formed and its catalogue published by Giovanni Jatta, Jr., in 1869. Rather than reconceive the gallery and exhibition design, the muse...</p> </a> </div> <div class="swiper-slide"> <a class="article" href="https://ajaonline.org/archaeological-note/the-question-of-wine-consumption-in-early-bronze-age-troy-organic-residue-analysis-and-the-emdepas-amphikypellon-em/"> <h2 class="article-title">The Question of Wine Consumption in Early Bronze Age Troy: Organic Residue Analysis and the <i>Depas amphikypellon</i></h2> <img width="800" height="800" src="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Blum-800x800.png" class="attachment-square size-square wp-post-image" alt="Depas amphikypellon from Schliemann’s excavations at Troy, ht. 19 cm. Institute of Classical Archaeology at the University of Tübingen, inv. KLA-Or-764, acq. 1901 (V. Marquardt)." decoding="async" srcset="https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Blum-800x800.png 800w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Blum-300x300.png 300w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Blum-150x150.png 150w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Blum-768x768.png 768w, https://ajaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Blum.png 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /><p class="article-author grid">By Stephan W.E. Blum, Maxime Rageot and Tobias Mühlenbruch</p><p class="article-content"> Since its discovery during Heinrich Schliemann’s excavations at Troy, the <em>depas amphikypellon</em>, a cylindrical goblet with two curved handles which is thought to be the goblet mentioned in Homer’s epics, has been considered a potential drinking vessel for wine. Recent biomolecular investigations by the Institute of Prehistory, Early History, and Medieval Archaeology in Tübingen confirm this hypothesis by identifying high concentrations of fruit acids indicati...</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="swiper-button-next"><svg width="67" height="65" viewBox="0 0 67 65" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 32.5C0 14.5507 14.5507 0 32.5 0H67V65H32.5C14.5507 65 0 50.4493 0 32.5Z" fill="#D9D9D9" fill-opacity="0.3"/><path d="M34 20L47.4483 31.2599L34 43.5434" stroke="white" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg></div> <div class="swiper-button-prev"><svg width="67" height="65" viewBox="0 0 67 65" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M67 32.5C67 14.5507 52.4493 0 34.5 0H1.3113e-06V65H34.5C52.4493 65 67 50.4493 67 32.5V32.5Z" fill="#D9D9D9" fill-opacity="0.3"/><path d="M33 20L19.5517 31.2599L33 43.5434" stroke="white" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" 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