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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Orography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hydrography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes_and_reservoirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes_and_reservoirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Lakes and reservoirs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes_and_reservoirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present-day_population_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present-day_population_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Present-day population distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present-day_population_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Foreign population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Administration and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Territorial_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Territorial organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provision_of_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provision_of_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Provision of services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provision_of_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomous_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomous_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Autonomous institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomous_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cortes_of_Castile_and_León" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cortes_of_Castile_and_León"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Cortes of Castile and León</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cortes_of_Castile_and_León-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_Rights_in_Castile_and_León" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_Rights_in_Castile_and_León"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Human Rights in Castile and León</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_Rights_in_Castile_and_León-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unemployment_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unemployment_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Unemployment rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unemployment_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Primary sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Secondary sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Tertiary sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_trade_and_exports_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_trade_and_exports_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Domestic trade and exports abroad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_trade_and_exports_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Narrow_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrow_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Narrow gauge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrow_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Castile and León</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastili%C3%AB_en_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilië en León – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kastilië en León" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%93_%E1%88%8C%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%95" title="ካስቲያና ሌዮን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካስቲያና ሌዮን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="قشتالة وليون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قشتالة وليون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castiella_y_Ley%C3%B3n" title="Castiella y Leyón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Castiella y Leyón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilye-et-Lion" title="Castilye-et-Lion – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Castilye-et-Lion" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castiella_y_Lli%C3%B3n" title="Castiella y Llión – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Castiella y Llión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastiliya_v%C9%99_Leon" title="Kastiliya və Leon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kastiliya və Leon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastile_miwah_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastile miwah León – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kastile miwah León" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_kap_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla kap León – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Castilla kap León" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастылія і Леон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кастылія і Леон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастылія і Леон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кастылія і Леон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_asin_Leon" title="Castilla asin Leon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Castilla asin Leon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастилия и Леон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кастилия и Леон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilja_i_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilja i León – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kastilja i León" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilha_ha_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilha ha León – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kastilha ha León" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castella_i_Lle%C3%B3" title="Castella i Lleó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Castella i Lleó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilie_a_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilie a León – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kastilie a León" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castiglia_%C3%A8_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castiglia è León – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Castiglia è León" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile-Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile-León – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Castile-León" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilien_und_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilien und León – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kastilien und León" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla-Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla-León – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Castilla-León" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Καστίλλη και Λεόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καστίλλη και Λεόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilio_kaj_Leono" title="Kastilio kaj Leono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kastilio kaj Leono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_i_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla i León – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Castilla i León" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaztela_eta_Leon" title="Gaztela eta Leon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaztela eta Leon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاستیا و لئون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاستیا و لئون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castille-et-Le%C3%B3n" title="Castille-et-León – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Castille-et-León" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastylje_en_Le%C3%B6n" title="Kastylje en Leön – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kastylje en Leön" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castela_e_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castela e León – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Castela e León" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_l%C3%A2u_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla lâu León – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Castilla lâu León" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A8%EC%A3%BC" title="카스티야이레온주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카스티야이레온주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castille_a_Leon" title="Castille a Leon – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Castille a Leon" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D6%87_%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Կաստիլիա և Լեոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաստիլիա և Լեոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilja_i_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilja i León – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kastilja i León" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilia_e_Leon" title="Kastilia e Leon – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kastilia e Leon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilia_dan_Leon" title="Kastilia dan Leon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kastilia dan Leon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilia_e_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilia e León – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Castilia e León" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilia_e_Leon" title="Castilia e Leon – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Castilia e Leon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%C3%A6%D0%BC%C3%A6_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастили æмæ Леон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кастили æмæ Леон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastil%C3%ADa-Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilía-León – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kastilía-León" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castiglia_e_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castiglia e León – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Castiglia e León" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קסטיליה ולאון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קסטיליה ולאון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile-Leon" title="Castile-Leon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Castile-Leon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კასტილია და ლეონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კასტილია და ლეონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастилия және Леон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кастилия және Леон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastil_ha_Leon" title="Kastil ha Leon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kastil ha Leon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilia_na_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilia na León – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Castilia na León" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastil_ak_Leon" title="Kastil ak Leon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kastil ak Leon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilia_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilia y León – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Castilia y León" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastiya_i_Leon" title="Kastiya i Leon – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kastiya i Leon" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castella_et_Legio" title="Castella et Legio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Castella et Legio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kast%C4%ABlija_un_Leona" title="Kastīlija un Leona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kastīlija un Leona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilien-Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilien-León – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kastilien-León" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilija_ir_Leonas" title="Kastilija ir Leonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kastilija ir Leonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castili%C3%AB_en_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilië en León – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Castilië en León" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelia_e_Leon" title="Castelia e Leon – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Castelia e Leon" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casteja_e_Leon" title="Casteja e Leon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Casteja e Leon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszt%C3%ADlia_%C3%A9s_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kasztília és León – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kasztília és León" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастиља и Леон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кастиља и Леон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile_me_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile me León – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Castile me León" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8" title="कास्तिया इ लेओन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कास्तिया इ लेओन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კასტილია დო ლეონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კასტილია დო ლეონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاستييا و ليون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاستييا و ليون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاستیا و لئون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاستیا و لئون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_dan_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla dan León – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Castilla dan León" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castielha_i_Lhion" title="Castielha i Lhion – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Castielha i Lhion" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастили ба Леон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кастили ба Леон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castili%C3%AB_en_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilië en León – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Castilië en León" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="カスティーリャ・イ・レオン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カスティーリャ・イ・レオン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastiilien_an_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastiilien an León – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kastiilien an León" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castiil_a%27_Liion" title="Castiil a' Liion – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Castiil a' Liion" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castil%27ye_et_L%C3%A9on" title="Castil'ye et Léon – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Castil'ye et Léon" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelha_e_Leon" title="Castelha e Leon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Castelha e Leon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="کیستلا تے لیون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیستلا تے لیون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilia_i_Leon" title="Castilia i Leon – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Castilia i Leon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiastiil_ahn_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kiastiil ahn León – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiastiil ahn León" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castija_e_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castija e León – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Castija e León" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastylia_i_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastylia i León – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kastylia i León" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castela_e_Le%C3%A3o" title="Castela e Leão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Castela e Leão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastiliya-Leon" title="Kastiliya-Leon – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kastiliya-Leon" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilia_%C8%99i_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilia și León – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Castilia și León" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilla_Liyunpas" title="Kastilla Liyunpas – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kastilla Liyunpas" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастилия-Леон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кастилия-Леон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast%C3%ACllia_e_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castìllia e León – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Castìllia e León" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile_an_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile an León – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Castile an León" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilien-Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilien-León – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kastilien-León" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastil-Leoni" title="Kastil-Leoni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kastil-Leoni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castigghia_e_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castigghia e León – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Castigghia e León" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Castile and León" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilja_in_Leon" title="Kastilja in Leon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kastilja in Leon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастиља и Леон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кастиља и Леон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilja_i_Leon" title="Kastilja i Leon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kastilja i Leon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilia_ja_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilia ja León – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kastilia ja León" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilien_och_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilien och León – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kastilien och León" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castiglia_e_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castiglia e León – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Castiglia e León" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастилья һәм Леон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кастилья һәм Леон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="แคว้นกัสติยาและเลออน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นกัสติยาและเลออน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilya_ve_Leon" title="Kastilya ve Leon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kastilya ve Leon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кастилія і Леон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кастилія і Леон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="قشتالہ اور لیون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قشتالہ اور لیون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casteja_e_Leon" title="Casteja e Leon – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Casteja e Leon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_v%C3%A0_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla và León – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Castilla và León" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile_et_Leyone" title="Castile et Leyone – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Castile et Leyone" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castili%C3%AB_en_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilië en León – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Castilië en León" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castilla y León – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Castilla y León" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A-%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82" title="卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="卡斯提亞與利昂 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡斯提亞與利昂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilya_u_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kastilya u León – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kastilya u León" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&params=41_38_42_N_04_44_33_W_region:ES-CL_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°38′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">04°44′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.64500°N 4.74250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.64500; -4.74250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community in northern Spain</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous community in Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Castile and León</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Castilla y León</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span><br /><i>Castiella y Llión</i> (<a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a>)<br /><span title="Galician-language text"><i lang="gl">Castela e León</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Castile and León"><img alt="Flag of Castile and León king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/100px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/150px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/200px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Flag of Castile and León">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Castile_and_Leon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Castile and León"><img alt="Coat-of-arms of Castile and León" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Castile_and_Leon.svg/69px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Castile_and_Leon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="69" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Castile_and_Leon.svg/104px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Castile_and_Leon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Castile_and_Leon.svg/139px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Castile_and_Leon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1230" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Coat of arms of Castile and León">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castilla_y_Leon_in_Spain_(including_Canarias).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Castile and León"><img alt="Map of Castile and León" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Castilla_y_Leon_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/275px-Castilla_y_Leon_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Castilla_y_Leon_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/413px-Castilla_y_Leon_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Castilla_y_Leon_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg/550px-Castilla_y_Leon_in_Spain_%28including_Canarias%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Castile and León within Spain</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&params=41_38_42_N_04_44_33_W_region:ES-CL_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°38′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">04°44′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.64500°N 4.74250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.64500; -4.74250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> (de facto)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Junta_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="President of the Junta of Castile and León">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Ma%C3%B1ueco" title="Alfonso Fernández Mañueco">Alfonso Fernández Mañueco</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="People's Party of Castile and León">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Cortes of Castile and León">Cortes of Castile and León</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Government_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Government of Castile and León">Junta of Castile and León</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">94,222 km<sup>2</sup> (36,379 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by area">1st</a> (18.6% of Spain)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2016)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,447,519</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">26/km<sup>2</sup> (67/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by population">Pop. rank</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Percent<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5.42% of Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>castellanoleonés</i></li><li><i>castellano y leonés</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€64.227 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€26,992 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 3166 code">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">ES-CL</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Statute of Autonomy</th><td class="infobox-data">2 March 1983</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31 (of 350)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Senate">Senate seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">39 (of 265)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.906<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index">7th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcyl.es/">jcyl.es</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="300" data-zoom="5" data-overlays="["_4b5283987ea15f8811ba964d6c8d1e014ac01ae0"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,a,a,270x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&revid=1256990512&groups=_4b5283987ea15f8811ba964d6c8d1e014ac01ae0" width="270" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,a,a,270x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&revid=1256990512&groups=_4b5283987ea15f8811ba964d6c8d1e014ac01ae0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Castile and León</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Castile and León is the largest autonomous community in Spain by area, covering 94,222 km<sup>2</sup>. It is, however, sparsely populated, with a population density below 30/km<sup>2</sup>. While <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Capital of Castile and León">a capital has not been explicitly declared</a>, the seats of the executive and legislative powers are set in <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> by law, and for all purposes that city (also the most populated municipality) serves as the <i>de facto</i> regional capital. </p><p>Castile and León is a landlocked region, bordered by <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> as well as by the Spanish autonomous communities of <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Autonomous_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque Autonomous Community">Basque Country</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>. Chiefly comprising the northern half of the <a href="/wiki/Meseta_Central" title="Meseta Central">Inner Plateau</a>, it is surrounded by mountain barriers (the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Mountains" title="Cantabrian Mountains">Cantabrian Mountains</a> to the North, the <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Central" title="Sistema Central">Sistema Central</a> to the South and the <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Ib%C3%A9rico" title="Sistema Ibérico">Sistema Ibérico</a> to the East) and most of the territory is drained by the <a href="/wiki/Douro_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Douro River">Douro River</a> (Spanish: <i>Duero</i>), flowing west toward the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. </p><p>The autonomous community was created in 1983 by grouping the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a> (all three traditionally attached to the <a href="/wiki/Region_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Region of León">region of León</a>), <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a> (attached to <a href="/wiki/Old_Castile" title="Old Castile">Old Castile</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region contains eleven <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>, making it (along with <a href="/wiki/Lombardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardia">Lombardia</a> in Italy) the region with most <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> World Heritage Sites. UNESCO recognizes the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Le%C3%B3n_of_1188" title="Cortes of León of 1188">Cortes of León of 1188</a> as the cradle of worldwide <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentarism">parliamentarism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is strongly affected by <a href="/wiki/Population_ageing" title="Population ageing">population ageing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Kastilien_und_Le%C3%B3n_in_cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coa_Kastilien_und_Le%C3%B3n_in_cathedral.jpg/170px-Coa_Kastilien_und_Le%C3%B3n_in_cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coa_Kastilien_und_Le%C3%B3n_in_cathedral.jpg/255px-Coa_Kastilien_und_Le%C3%B3n_in_cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Coa_Kastilien_und_Le%C3%B3n_in_cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Checkered banner featuring the castle of Castile and the lion of León in the cathedral of Burgos.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Statute of Autonomy of Castile and León, reformed most recently in 2007, establishes in the sixth article of its preliminary title the symbols of the community's exclusive identity. These are: the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Coat of arms of Castile and León">coat of arms</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Flag of Castile and León">flag</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banner_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banner of Castile and León (page does not exist)">banner</a> and the anthem. Its legal protection is the same as that corresponding to the <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Spain">symbols of the State</a> -whose outrages are classified as crime in article 543 of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penal_Code_of_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penal Code of Spain (page does not exist)">Penal Code</a>-.<sup id="cite_ref-Statute_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the articulated statuary, the coat of arms is defined as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Statute_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The coat of arms of Castile and León is a stamped shield by open royal <a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">crown</a>, barracked in cross. The first and fourth quartering: in the field of <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a>, a merloned golden castle of three merlons, drafted of sable and rinse of <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a>. The second and third quartering: in a silver field, a rampant lion of purple, lingued, dyed and armed with gules, crowned with gold.</p></blockquote> <p>Likewise, the flag is described as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Statute_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The flag of Castile and León is quartered and contains the symbols of Castile and León, as described in the previous section. The flag will fly in all the centres and official acts of the Community, to the right of the Spanish flag.</p></blockquote> <p>Following the same wording, the banner is constituted by the shield quartered on a traditional <a href="/wiki/Crimson" title="Crimson">crimson</a> background. The Statute also expresses: "The anthem and the other symbols [...] will be regulated by specific law". After the promulgation of the fundamental norm, this law was not promulgated, so the anthem does not exist, but <i>de iure</i> is a symbol of autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-Statute_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Special:EditPage/Castile and León">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homo_heidelbergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Homo_heidelbergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg/170px-Homo_heidelbergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Homo_heidelbergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg/255px-Homo_heidelbergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Homo_heidelbergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg/340px-Homo_heidelbergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3352" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Miguel%C3%B3n" title="Miguelón">Skull number 5</a></i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i>. It appeared in the 1992 campaign, extracted from the <a href="/wiki/Atapuerca_Mountains" title="Atapuerca Mountains">Atapuerca Mountains</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several archaeological findings show that in prehistoric times these lands were already inhabited. In the <a href="/wiki/Atapuerca_Mountains" title="Atapuerca Mountains">Atapuerca Mountains</a> have been found many bones of the ancestors of <i>Homo sapiens</i>, making these findings one of the most important to determine the history of human evolution. The most important discovery that catapulted the site to international fame was the remains of <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i>. </p><p>Before the arrival of the Romans, it is known that the territories that make up Castile and León today were occupied by various <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic peoples</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Vaccaei" title="Vaccaei">Vaccaei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autrigones" title="Autrigones">Autrigones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turmodigi" title="Turmodigi">Turmodigi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vettones" title="Vettones">Vettones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astures" title="Astures">Astures</a> or <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman conquest resulted in warring with the local tribes. One particularly famous episode was the siege of <a href="/wiki/Numantia" title="Numantia">Numantia</a>, an old town located near the current city of <a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">romanization</a> was unstoppable, and to this day great Roman works of art have remained, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Segovia" title="Aqueduct of Segovia">Aqueduct of Segovia</a> as well as many archaeological remains such as those of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Clunia" title="Clunia">Clunia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salt_mines_of_Poza_de_la_Sal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salt mines of Poza de la Sal (page does not exist)">Salt mines of Poza de la Sal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADa_de_la_Plata" title="Vía de la Plata">vía de la Plata</a> pathway, which crosses the west of the community from <a href="/wiki/Astorga,_Spain" title="Astorga, Spain">Astorga</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Asturica_Augusta" title="Asturica Augusta">Asturica Augusta</a></i>) to the capital of modern <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Emerita_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerita Augusta">Emerita Augusta</a></i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toros_de_Guisando.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Toros_de_Guisando.jpg/220px-Toros_de_Guisando.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Toros_de_Guisando.jpg/330px-Toros_de_Guisando.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Toros_de_Guisando.jpg/440px-Toros_de_Guisando.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Bulls_of_Guisando" title="Bulls of Guisando">Bulls of Guisando</a>, in <a href="/wiki/El_Tiemblo" title="El Tiemblo">El Tiemblo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a>. These <i><a href="/wiki/Verraco" title="Verraco">verracos</a></i>, of <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> origin, are found in many towns of the western half of Castile and León.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the fall of Rome, the lands were occupied militarily by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoth</a> peoples of Germanic origin. The subsequent arrival of the Arabs was followed by a process known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> (Reconquest). In the mountainous area of <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, a small Christian kingdom was created that opposed the Islamic presence in the Peninsula. It proclaimed itself an heir of the last Visigoth kings, who in turn had been deeply romanized. This resistance of Visigoth-Roman heritage, supported by Christianity, was becoming increasingly strong and expanding to the south, eventually establishing its court in the city of <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a>, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">Kingdom of León</a>. To encourage the repopulation of the newly reconquered lands, a number of <a href="/wiki/Fuero" title="Fuero">fueros</a> ("letters of repopulation") were granted by the monarchs. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castro_de_Ulaca_10_by-dpc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Castro_de_Ulaca_10_by-dpc.jpg/220px-Castro_de_Ulaca_10_by-dpc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Castro_de_Ulaca_10_by-dpc.jpg/330px-Castro_de_Ulaca_10_by-dpc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Castro_de_Ulaca_10_by-dpc.jpg/440px-Castro_de_Ulaca_10_by-dpc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Celtiberian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castro_of_Ulaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castro of Ulaca (page does not exist)">castro of Ulaca</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Christian pilgrimages to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> were popularized. The <a href="/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago">Camino de Santiago</a>, running along the northern part of the region, was a major part of the route of pilgrimage, so it contributed to the spread of European cultural innovations throughout the peninsula. Today the Camino is still an important touristic and cultural attraction. </p><p>In 1188, the <a href="/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Isidoro,_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Basílica de San Isidoro, León">basilica of San Isidoro of León</a> was the setting of the first <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Le%C3%B3n_of_1188" title="Cortes of León of 1188">parliamentary body</a> in the history of Europe, with the participation of the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm#Third_Estate" title="Estates of the realm">Third Estate</a>. The king who summoned it was <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a>. </p><p>The legal basis for the kingdom was the <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a>, and because of this the kings increasingly wanted more power, like the Roman emperors. This is very clearly seen in the <i><a href="/wiki/Siete_Partidas" title="Siete Partidas">Siete Partidas</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a>, which shows the imperial monism that the king sought. The King did not want to be a <i><a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">primus inter pares</a></i>, but the source of the law. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AcueductoSegovia04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AcueductoSegovia04.JPG/220px-AcueductoSegovia04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AcueductoSegovia04.JPG/330px-AcueductoSegovia04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/AcueductoSegovia04.JPG/440px-AcueductoSegovia04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Segovia" title="Aqueduct of Segovia">Aqueduct of Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> construction.</figcaption></figure> <p>Simultaneously, a county of this Christian kingdom of León, began to acquire autonomy and to expand. This is the primitive <a href="/wiki/County_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Castile">County of Castile</a>, which would grow into a powerful kingdom among the Christian kingdoms of the Peninsula. The first Castilian count was <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez_of_Castile" title="Fernán González of Castile">Fernán González</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gormaz,_Fortaleza_califal_p%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gormaz%2C_Fortaleza_califal_p%C3%B1a.jpg/200px-Gormaz%2C_Fortaleza_califal_p%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gormaz%2C_Fortaleza_califal_p%C3%B1a.jpg/300px-Gormaz%2C_Fortaleza_califal_p%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Gormaz%2C_Fortaleza_califal_p%C3%B1a.jpg/400px-Gormaz%2C_Fortaleza_califal_p%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Gormaz" title="Castle of Gormaz">Castle of Gormaz</a>. It was the largest fortress in Europe after its expansion in 956, in the river Duero (Douro) defense line.</figcaption></figure> <p>León and Castile continued to expand to the South, even beyond the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> river, seeking to conquest lands under Islamic rule. That was the time of the <a href="/wiki/Chanson_de_geste" title="Chanson de geste"><i>Cantares de gesta</i></a>, poems which recount the great deeds of the Christian nobles who fought against the Muslim enemy. Despite this, Christian and Muslim kings maintained diplomatic relations. One clear example is <a href="/wiki/El_Cid" title="El Cid">Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, <i>El Cid</i></a>, paradigm of the medieval Christian knight, who fought both for Christian and Muslim kings. </p><p>The origin of the definitive dynastic unification of the kingdoms of Castile and León, which had been separated for just seven decades, was in 1194. <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX of León</a> signed in <a href="/wiki/Tordehumos" title="Tordehumos">Tordehumos</a> the treaty that pacified the area of <a href="/wiki/Tierra_de_Campos" title="Tierra de Campos">Tierra de Campos</a> and laid the foundation for a future reunification of the kingdoms, consolidated in 1230 with <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III <i>the Saint</i></a>. This agreement is called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Tordehumos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Tordehumos (page does not exist)">Treaty of Tordehumos</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leon_(San_Isidoro,_pante%C3%B3n).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Leon_%28San_Isidoro%2C_pante%C3%B3n%29.jpg/220px-Leon_%28San_Isidoro%2C_pante%C3%B3n%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Leon_%28San_Isidoro%2C_pante%C3%B3n%29.jpg/330px-Leon_%28San_Isidoro%2C_pante%C3%B3n%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Leon_%28San_Isidoro%2C_pante%C3%B3n%29.jpg/440px-Leon_%28San_Isidoro%2C_pante%C3%B3n%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantheon_of_kings_of_the_Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Isidoro_of_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantheon of kings of the Basílica de San Isidoro of León (page does not exist)">Pantheon of kings</a> of the Romanesque <a href="/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Isidoro,_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Basílica de San Isidoro, León">Basilica of San Isidoro of León</a> where <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso IX of León">Alfonso IX</a> convened the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Le%C3%B3n_of_1188" title="Cortes of León of 1188">Cortes of León of 1188</a>, the first parliamentary body of the history of Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with presence of <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm#Third_Estate" title="Estates of the realm">Third Estate</a>. In the same <a href="/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Isidoro,_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Basílica de San Isidoro, León">basilica</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chalice_of_Do%C3%B1a_Urraca" title="Chalice of Doña Urraca">Chalice of Doña Urraca</a>, which some researchers assimilate with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a> there was an economic and political crisis produced by a series of bad harvests and by disputes between nobles and the Crown for power, as well as between different contenders for the throne. In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortes_of_Valladolid_(1295)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cortes of Valladolid (1295) (page does not exist)">Cortes of Valladolid of 1295</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a> is recognized as king. The painting <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar%C3%ADa_de_Molina_presents_her_son_Fernando_IV_in_the_Cortes_of_Valladolid_of_1295&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="María de Molina presents her son Fernando IV in the Cortes of Valladolid of 1295 (page does not exist)">María de Molina presents her son Fernando IV in the Cortes of Valladolid of 1295</a> presides today the Spanish Congress of Deputies along with a painting of the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Cortes of Cádiz">Cortes of Cádiz</a>, emphasizing the parliamentarian importance that has all the development of Cortes in Castile and León, despite its subsequent decline. The Crown was becoming more authoritarian and the nobility more dependent on it. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> continued advancing from the thriving <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> to the south, and culminated with the <a href="/wiki/Granada_War" title="Granada War">Granada War</a> against the last Muslim stronghold in the Iberian peninsula, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Nasrid Kingdom of Granada</a>, which <a href="/wiki/The_Surrender_of_Granada" title="The Surrender of Granada">surrendered</a> on 2 January 1492. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comuneros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Comuneros.jpg/220px-Comuneros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Comuneros.jpg/330px-Comuneros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Comuneros.jpg/440px-Comuneros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6036" data-file-height="4242" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">Revolt of the Comuneros</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casas_del_Tratado_de_Tordesillas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Casas_del_Tratado_de_Tordesillas.jpg/220px-Casas_del_Tratado_de_Tordesillas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Casas_del_Tratado_de_Tordesillas.jpg/330px-Casas_del_Tratado_de_Tordesillas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Casas_del_Tratado_de_Tordesillas.jpg/440px-Casas_del_Tratado_de_Tordesillas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1045" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Tordesillas" title="Tordesillas">Tordesillas</a> queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a>. Her daughter queen <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a> was imprisoned in a convent of the city by her father first, by her son later, and was praised by the comuneros in their <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">Revolt</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antecedents_of_the_autonomy">Antecedents of the autonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antecedents of the autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1978, Castile and León obtained the pre-autonomy, through the creation of <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_council_of_Castile_and_Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General council of Castile and Leon (page does not exist)">General council of Castile and León</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Decree-Law_(Spain)" title="Royal Decree-Law (Spain)">Royal Decree-Law</a> 20/1978, of 13 June.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In times of the <a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Spanish Republic</a> (1873–1874), the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Democratic_Republican_Party" title="Federal Democratic Republican Party">federal republicans</a> conceived the project to create a federated state of eleven provinces in the valley of the Spanish Douro, that would also have included the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Santander</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">Logroño</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Very few years before, in 1869, as part of a manifesto, federal republicans representatives of the 17 provinces of Albacete, Ávila, Burgos, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara, León, Logroño, Madrid, Palencia, Salamanca, Santander, Segovia, Soria, Toledo, Valladolid and Zamora proposed in the so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castilian_Federal_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castilian Federal Pact (page does not exist)">Castilian Federal Pact</a> the conformation of an entity formed by two different "states": the state of Old Castile -that is presently built for the current Castilian-Leonese provinces and the provinces of Logroño and Santander-, and the state of New Castile -which conforms to the current provinces of <a href="/wiki/Castile-La_Mancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Castile-La Mancha">Castile-La Mancha</a> plus the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Madrid">province of Madrid</a>-. The end of the Republic, at the beginning of 1874, thwarted the initiative.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minutos_de_Historia._Por_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n,_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Minutos_de_Historia._Por_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1978.jpg/220px-Minutos_de_Historia._Por_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Minutos_de_Historia._Por_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1978.jpg/330px-Minutos_de_Historia._Por_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Minutos_de_Historia._Por_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1978.jpg/440px-Minutos_de_Historia._Por_la_Autonom%C3%ADa_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n%2C_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Manifestation of 1978 in Valladolid that sued a Statute of Autonomy for the region.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1921, on the occasion of the fourth centenary of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villalar" title="Battle of Villalar">Battle of Villalar</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Council_of_Santader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Council of Santader (page does not exist)">Santander City Council</a> advocated the creation of a Castilian and Leonese Commonwealth of eleven provinces, an idea that would be maintained in later years. At the end of 1931 and beginning of 1932, from León, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Merino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Merino (page does not exist)">Eugenio Merino</a> elaborated a text in which the base of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castilian-Leonese_regionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castilian-Leonese regionalism (page does not exist)">Castilian-Leonese regionalism</a> was put. The text was published in the Diario de León newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-catechism_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catechism-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>, especially in 1936, there was a great regionalist activity favorable to a region of eleven provinces, and even bases for the Statute of Autonomy were elaborated. The <i>Diario de León</i> advocated for the formalization of this initiative and the constitution of an autonomous region with these words: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Join in a personality León and Old Castile around the great basin of the Douro, without to fall now into provincial rivalries.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Diario de León</i>, 22 May 1936.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The end of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Franco regime</a> ended the aspirations of the autonomy for the region. The philosopher <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">José Ortega y Gasset</a> collected this scheme in his publications.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Francisco Franco, regionalist, autonomist and nationalist organizations (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Castilian-Leonese_regionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castilian-Leonese regionalism (page does not exist)">Castilian-Leonese regionalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castilian_nationalism" title="Castilian nationalism">Castilian nationalism</a>) as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Alliance_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regional Alliance of Castile and León (page does not exist)">Regional Alliance of Castile and León</a> (1975), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Institute_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regional Institute of Castile and León (page does not exist)">Regional Institute of Castile and León</a> (1976) or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_Nationalist_Party_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autonomous Nationalist Party of Castile and León (page does not exist)">Autonomous Nationalist Party of Castile and León</a> (1977). Later after the extinction of these formations arose in 1993 <a href="/wiki/Regionalist_Unity_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Regionalist Unity of Castile and León">Regionalist Unity of Castile and León</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, others of <a href="/wiki/Leonesism" title="Leonesism">Leonesist</a> character arose, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonese_Autonomous_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonese Autonomous Group (page does not exist)">Leonese Autonomous Group</a> (1978) or <a href="/wiki/Regionalist_Party_of_the_Leonese_Country" title="Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country">Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country</a> (1980), which advocated the creation of a Leonese autonomous community, composed of provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a>. The popular and political support that maintained the uniprovincial autonomy in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a> became very important in that city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomy">Autonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Autonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The autonomous community of Castile and León is the result of the union in 1983 of nine provinces: the three that, after the territorial division of 1833, by which the provinces were created, were ascribed to the <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="León (historical region)">Region of León</a>, and six ascribed to <a href="/wiki/Old_Castile" title="Old Castile">Old Castile</a>; however 2 provinces of Old Castile were not included: Santander (current community of <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>) and Logroño (current <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977.jpg/220px-Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977.jpg/330px-Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977.jpg/440px-Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption>Villalar de los Comuneros, 23 April 1977</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977_02.jpg/220px-Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977_02.jpg/330px-Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977_02.jpg/440px-Villalar_de_los_Comuneros_1977_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5349" data-file-height="1988" /></a><figcaption>Villalar de los Comuneros, 23 April 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>In the case of <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a> the creation of an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">autonomous community</a> was advocated for historical, cultural and geographical reasons, while in <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a> the process was more complex due to the existence of three alternatives, all based on historical and socio-economic reasons: union with Castile and León (advocated by the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Spain)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)">Union of the Democratic Centre</a> political party), union to a Basque-Navarrese community (supported by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Socialist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">Communist Party</a>) or creation of an uniprovincial autonomy; the latter option was chosen because it had more support among the population. </p><p>After the creation of the Castilian-Leonese pre-autonomous body, which was supported by the Provincial Council of León in its agreement of April 16, 1980, this institution revoked its original agreement on January 13, 1983, just as the draft of the Organic Law entered the Spanish parliament. The Constitutional Court determined which of those contradictory agreements was valid in the <i>Sentence 89/1984 of September 28</i>; it declares that the subject of the process is no longer, as in its preliminary phase, the councils and municipalities, but the new body. </p><p>After the sentence, there were several demonstrations in León in favor of the <i>León alone</i> option (see <a href="/wiki/Leonesism" title="Leonesism">Leonesism</a>), one of them according to some sources brought together a number close to 90 000 people,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the highest concentration held in the city in the Democratic period until the demonstrations rejecting the <a href="/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an agreement adopted on 31 July 1981, the Provincial Council of Segovia decided to exercise the initiative so that <a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a> could be constituted as a uniprovincial autonomous community, but in the municipalities of the province the situation was equal between the supporters of the uniprovincial autonomy and the supporters of the union. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebraci%C3%B3n_del_d%C3%ADa_de_Villalar,_1985.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Celebraci%C3%B3n_del_d%C3%ADa_de_Villalar%2C_1985.jpg/220px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_del_d%C3%ADa_de_Villalar%2C_1985.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Celebraci%C3%B3n_del_d%C3%ADa_de_Villalar%2C_1985.jpg/330px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_del_d%C3%ADa_de_Villalar%2C_1985.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Celebraci%C3%B3n_del_d%C3%ADa_de_Villalar%2C_1985.jpg/440px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_del_d%C3%ADa_de_Villalar%2C_1985.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_Day" title="Castile and León Day">Villalar Day</a> in 1985.</figcaption></figure> <p>The City Council of <a href="/wiki/Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Cuéllar">Cuéllar</a> initially adhered to this autonomic initiative in agreement adopted by the corporation on October 5, 1981. However, another agreement adopted by the same corporation dated December 3 of the same year revoked the previous one and the process was paralyzed pending the processing of an appeal filed by the provincial council against this last agreement; this change of opinion of the city council of Cuéllar tipped the scales in the province towards the autonomy with the rest of Castile and León, but it was an agreement that arrived out of time. Finally the province of Segovia was incorporated into Castile and León along with the other eight provinces and legal coverage was given through the <i>Organic Law 5/1983</i> for "reasons of national interest", as provided for in article 144 c of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution</a> for those provinces that have not exercised their right on time. </p><p>Since 2019, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">ayuntamientos</a></i> of several municipalities of the province of León (including the capital's) have passed motions to propose the split of the provinces of the region of León from Castile and León and become a standalone autonomous community.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As leonesism has traditionally been a fringe movement in the provinces of Zamora and Salamanca, some of these motions have limited to the prospect of a single-province autonomous community exclusively for León ('<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">León solo</i></span>').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro_Ruiz202389–91_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro_Ruiz202389–91-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_relieve_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Spain_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_relieve_location_map.png/220px-Spain_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_relieve_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Spain_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_relieve_location_map.png/330px-Spain_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_relieve_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Spain_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_relieve_location_map.png/440px-Spain_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_relieve_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2697" data-file-height="2110" /></a><figcaption>Map of the relief of the autonomous community</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Castile and León is a landlocked <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">autonomous community</a>, located in the north-western quadrant of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Its territory borders on the north with the uniprovincial communities of <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, as well as with the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biscay" title="Biscay">Biscay</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">Álava</a>); to the east with the uniprovincial community of <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (Spain)">La Rioja</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zaragoza" title="Province of Zaragoza">province of Zaragoza</a>), to the south with the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile-La_Mancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Castile-La Mancha">Castile-La Mancha</a> (provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Toledo" title="Province of Toledo">Toledo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Guadalajara" title="Province of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Province of Cáceres">province of Cáceres</a>) and to the west with <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> (provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lugo" title="Province of Lugo">Lugo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ourense" title="Province of Ourense">Ourense</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bragan%C3%A7a_District" title="Bragança District">Bragança District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guarda_District" title="Guarda District">Guarda District</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orography">Orography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Orography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornion_zoom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cornion_zoom.jpg/220px-Cornion_zoom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cornion_zoom.jpg/330px-Cornion_zoom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cornion_zoom.jpg/440px-Cornion_zoom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Picos_de_Europa" title="Picos de Europa">Picos de Europa</a> in the province of León.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SIERRA_DE_GREDOS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SIERRA_DE_GREDOS.JPG/220px-SIERRA_DE_GREDOS.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SIERRA_DE_GREDOS.JPG/330px-SIERRA_DE_GREDOS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SIERRA_DE_GREDOS.JPG/440px-SIERRA_DE_GREDOS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Gredos" title="Sierra de Gredos">Sierra de Gredos</a> range in the <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Central" title="Sistema Central">Sistema Central</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The morphology of Castile and León consists, for the most part, of the northern half of the <a href="/wiki/Meseta_Central" title="Meseta Central">Meseta Central</a> (<i>Meseta Norte</i>) and a belt of mountainous reliefs. The Meseta Central is a high plateau with an average altitude close to 800 m (2,600 ft) <a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">above sea-level</a>; it is covered by deposited clay materials that have given rise to a dry and arid landscape.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Northern Plateau (Meseta Norte) is constituted by Paleozoic sockets. At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic Era</a>, once the <a href="/wiki/Variscan_orogeny" title="Variscan orogeny">Hercynian folding</a> that raised the current <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and the Gallaeci zone of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the deposited materials were dragged by the erosive action of the rivers. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">alpine orogeny</a>, the materials that formed the plateau broke through multiple points. From this fracture rose the <a href="/wiki/Montes_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Montes de León">mountains of León</a>, with mountains of not much height and, constituting the spine of the Plateau (Meseta), the Cantabrian Mountains and the Sistema Central, formed by materials such as granite or metamorphic slates. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst complex</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ojo_Guare%C3%B1a" title="Ojo Guareña">Ojo Guareña</a>, consisting of 110 km of galleries<sup id="cite_ref-length_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-length-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its caves formed in <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonatic</a> materials of <a href="/wiki/Coniacian" title="Coniacian">Coniacian</a> which are situated on a level of impermeable <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marls</a>, is the second largest of the peninsula. </p><p>This geological configuration has allowed upwellings of mineral-medicinal or thermal water, used now or in the past, in <a href="/wiki/Almeida_de_Sayago" title="Almeida de Sayago">Almeida de Sayago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B1ar" title="Boñar">Boñar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabor" title="Calabor">Calabor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caldas_de_Luna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caldas de Luna (page does not exist)">Caldas de Luna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castromonte" title="Castromonte">Castromonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucho" title="Cucho">Cucho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gejuelo_del_Barro" title="Gejuelo del Barro">Gejuelo del Barro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morales_de_Campos" title="Morales de Campos">Morales de Campos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trescasas" title="Trescasas">Tresacasas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valdelateja" title="Valdelateja">Valdelateja</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villarijo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villarijo (page does not exist)">Villarijo</a>, among other places.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rivers">Rivers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Category:Rivers of Castile and León">Category:Rivers of Castile and León</a></div> <dl><dt>Douro basin</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zamora_(9223963842).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Zamora_%289223963842%29.jpg/220px-Zamora_%289223963842%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Zamora_%289223963842%29.jpg/330px-Zamora_%289223963842%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Zamora_%289223963842%29.jpg/440px-Zamora_%289223963842%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The Douro passing through <a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main hydrographic network of Castile and León is constituted by the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro river</a> and its tributaries. From its source in the <a href="/wiki/Picos_de_Urbi%C3%B3n" title="Picos de Urbión">Picos de Urbión</a>, in Soria, to its mouth in the Portuguese city of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, the Douro covers 897 km. From the north descend the <a href="/wiki/Pisuerga" title="Pisuerga">Pisuerga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Valderaduey" title="Valderaduey">Valderaduey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Esla_(river)" title="Esla (river)">Esla</a> rivers, its tributaries more plentiful and by the east, with less water in its flows, highlight the <a href="/wiki/Adaja" title="Adaja">Adaja</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Durat%C3%B3n_(river)" title="Duratón (river)">Duratón</a>. After passing the town of <a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a>, the Douro is confined between the canyons of the <a href="/wiki/Arribes_del_Duero_Natural_Park" title="Arribes del Duero Natural Park">Arribes del Duero Natural Park</a>, bordering with <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. On the left bank are important tributaries such as <a href="/wiki/Tormes" title="Tormes">Tormes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huebra" title="Huebra">Huebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gueda_(river)" title="Águeda (river)">Águeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4a_River" title="Côa River">Côa</a> and Paiva, all from <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Central" title="Sistema Central">Sistema Central</a>. On the right they reach the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabor_(river)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabor (river) (page does not exist)">Sabor</a>, the Tua and the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2mega_(river)" title="Tâmega (river)">Tâmega</a>, born in the <a href="/wiki/Galician_Massif" title="Galician Massif">Galician Massif</a>. After the Arribes area, the Douro turns west into Portugal until it empties into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Other watersheds</dt></dl> <p>Several rivers of the community pour their waters into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebro_basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebro basin (page does not exist)">Ebro basin</a>, in Palencia, Burgos and Soria (<a href="/wiki/Jal%C3%B3n_(river)" title="Jalón (river)">Jalón river</a>), that of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C3%B1o-Sil_river_confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miño-Sil river confederation (page does not exist)">Miño-Sil</a> in León and Zamora, that of the <a href="/wiki/Tagus_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus basin">Tagus</a> in Ávila and Salamanca (rivers <a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%A9tar_(river)" title="Tiétar (river)">Tiétar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberche" title="Alberche">Alberche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alag%C3%B3n_(river)" title="Alagón (river)">Alagón</a> respectively) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantabrian_river_confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantabrian river confederation (page does not exist)">Cantabrian basin</a> in the provinces through which the Cantabrian Mountains extends. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lakes_and_reservoirs">Lakes and reservoirs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lakes and reservoirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:007333_-_Provincia_de_Zamora_(8707601613)_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/007333_-_Provincia_de_Zamora_%288707601613%29_edited.jpg/220px-007333_-_Provincia_de_Zamora_%288707601613%29_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/007333_-_Provincia_de_Zamora_%288707601613%29_edited.jpg/330px-007333_-_Provincia_de_Zamora_%288707601613%29_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/007333_-_Provincia_de_Zamora_%288707601613%29_edited.jpg/440px-007333_-_Provincia_de_Zamora_%288707601613%29_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Of glacial origin, the <a href="/wiki/Sanabria_Lake" title="Sanabria Lake">Sanabria Lake</a> is the largest natural freshwater lake in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the rivers, the Douro basin also hosts a large number of lakes and lagoons such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negra_de_Urbi%C3%B3n_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negra de Urbión Lake (page does not exist)">Negra de Urbión Lake</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Picos_de_Urbi%C3%B3n" title="Picos de Urbión">Picos de Urbión</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_de_Gredos_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande de Gredos Lake (page does not exist)">Grande de Gredos Lake</a>, in Gredos, the <a href="/wiki/Sanabria_Lake" title="Sanabria Lake">Sanabria Lake</a>, in Zamora or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Nava_de_Fuentes_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Nava de Fuentes Lake (page does not exist)">La Nava de Fuentes Lake</a> in Palencia. Also emphasize a great amount of reservoirs, fed by the water coming from the rains and the thaw of the snowy summits. Thus, Castile and León, despite not having abundant rainfall, is one of the communities in Spain with the highest level of water dammed. </p><p>Many of these natural lakes are being used as an economic resource, boosting rural tourism and helping to conserve ecosystems. The Sanabria Lake was a pioneer in this. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Castile and León has a continental Mediterranean climate, with long, cold winters, with average temperatures between 3 and 6 °C in January and short, hot summers (average 19 to 22 °C), but with the three or four months of summer aridity characteristic of the Mediterranean climate. Rainfall, with an average of 450–500 mm per year, is scarce, accentuating in the lower lands. </p> <dl><dt>Climatic factors</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niebla_DSCN4966_(34069299364).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Niebla_DSCN4966_%2834069299364%29.jpg/220px-Niebla_DSCN4966_%2834069299364%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Niebla_DSCN4966_%2834069299364%29.jpg/330px-Niebla_DSCN4966_%2834069299364%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Niebla_DSCN4966_%2834069299364%29.jpg/440px-Niebla_DSCN4966_%2834069299364%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>30 December 2016 in Salamanca. Radiation fog episodes and frosts are common in the region throughout <a href="/wiki/Anticyclone" title="Anticyclone">anticyclonic</a> configurations in Winter.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In Castile and León the <a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">cold</a> extends almost continuously for much of the year, being a very characteristic element of its <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>. The coldest periods of winter are associated with invasions of a continental <a href="/wiki/Polar_front" title="Polar front">polar front</a> and strata of marine arctic air, rare is that they do not reach temperatures of the order of -5 ° to -10 °C. Likewise, in situations of <a href="/wiki/Anticyclone" title="Anticyclone">anticyclone</a>, in the interior of the region they cause persistent fogs, creating prolonged cold situations due to radiation processes. The intense "cold waves" of the winter central months are typical, showing a particular tendency to occur from the second fortnight of December to the first of February. During its course the most extreme minimum temperatures occur, whose values vary between -10 ° and -13 °C of its westernmost sector and -15 ° and -20 °C of the central plains and high moorlands. The lowest recorded records reach -22 °C of <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, -21.9 °C in <a href="/wiki/Coca,_Segovia" title="Coca, Segovia">Coca</a> (Segovia), -20.4 °C in <a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ávila, Spain">Ávila</a>, -20 °C in <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a> and -19.2 °C in <a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a>. The high altitude of the <a href="/wiki/Meseta_Central" title="Meseta Central">Meseta</a> and its mountains accentuates the contrast between winter and summer temperatures, as well as day and night temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-RCLIM_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCLIM-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maritime winds are stopped by the mountainous barriers that surround Castile and León, stopping also the precipitations and causing the rains to fall very unequally in the Castilian and Leonese territory. While in the middle of the Douro basin there is an annual average of 450 mm, in the western regions of the mountains of León, the <a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Mountains" title="Cantabrian Mountains">Cantabrian Mountains</a> and the southern area of the provinces of Ávila and Salamanca, rainfall reaches 1500 mm per year, with a maximum of 3400 mm per year in the western part of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Gredos" title="Sierra de Gredos">Sierra de Gredos</a>, in the Candelario-Bejar Massif, which makes this area the rainiest not only from Spain, but from the Iberian Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Climatic regions</dt></dl> <p>Although Castile and León is framed within the continental climate, in its lands different climate domains are distinguished:<sup id="cite_ref-ACLIM_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLIM-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, a large part of the autonomous community falls within the Csb or Cfb variants, with the average of the warmest month below 22 °C but above 10 °C for five or more months.</li> <li>In several areas of the Meseta Central the climate is classified as Csa (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Mediterranean_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">warm Mediterranean</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="The anchor (Mediterranean climates) has been deleted. (2024-05-29)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup>), by exceeding 22 °C during the summer.</li> <li>In high elevations of the Cantabrian Mountains and mountain areas, there is a <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">cold temperate climate</a> with average temperatures under 3 °C in the coldest months and dry summers (Dsb or Dsc).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nature">Nature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flora">Flora</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raices_de_tejo_en_el_hayedo_oto%C3%B1al._La_Cotorra_de_Escoba%C3%B1o._Oseja_de_Sajambre_(Le%C3%B3n)._Parque_Nacional_Picos_de_Europa._ES000003._ROSUROB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Raices_de_tejo_en_el_hayedo_oto%C3%B1al._La_Cotorra_de_Escoba%C3%B1o._Oseja_de_Sajambre_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Parque_Nacional_Picos_de_Europa._ES000003._ROSUROB.JPG/220px-Raices_de_tejo_en_el_hayedo_oto%C3%B1al._La_Cotorra_de_Escoba%C3%B1o._Oseja_de_Sajambre_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Parque_Nacional_Picos_de_Europa._ES000003._ROSUROB.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Raices_de_tejo_en_el_hayedo_oto%C3%B1al._La_Cotorra_de_Escoba%C3%B1o._Oseja_de_Sajambre_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Parque_Nacional_Picos_de_Europa._ES000003._ROSUROB.JPG/330px-Raices_de_tejo_en_el_hayedo_oto%C3%B1al._La_Cotorra_de_Escoba%C3%B1o._Oseja_de_Sajambre_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Parque_Nacional_Picos_de_Europa._ES000003._ROSUROB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Raices_de_tejo_en_el_hayedo_oto%C3%B1al._La_Cotorra_de_Escoba%C3%B1o._Oseja_de_Sajambre_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Parque_Nacional_Picos_de_Europa._ES000003._ROSUROB.JPG/440px-Raices_de_tejo_en_el_hayedo_oto%C3%B1al._La_Cotorra_de_Escoba%C3%B1o._Oseja_de_Sajambre_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Parque_Nacional_Picos_de_Europa._ES000003._ROSUROB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canal_de_Asot%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canal de Asotín (page does not exist)">Canal de Asotín Beech</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">UNESCO World Heritage Natural Site</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Castile and León has many protected <a href="/wiki/Natural_landscapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural landscapes">natural sites</a>. Actively collaborates with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> program <i><a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a></i>. There are also some <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">special protection area for birds</a> or SPA. The solitary <a href="/wiki/Quercus_ilex" title="Quercus ilex">evergreen oaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">junipers</a> (<i>Juniperus sect. Sabina</i>) that now draw the Castilian-Leonese plain are remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> that covered these same lands long ago. The agricultural holdings, due to the need of land for the cultivation of cereal and pastures for the immense herds of the Castilian Plateau, supposed the <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> of these lands during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. The last Castilian and Leonese forests of junipers are found in the provinces of León, Soria and Burgos. They are not very leafy forests that can form mixed communities with evergreen oaks, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese oak">Portuguese oaks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pines</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoces_del_Durat%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hoces_del_Durat%C3%B3n.jpg/220px-Hoces_del_Durat%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hoces_del_Durat%C3%B3n.jpg/330px-Hoces_del_Durat%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hoces_del_Durat%C3%B3n.jpg/440px-Hoces_del_Durat%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Hoces_del_R%C3%ADo_Durat%C3%B3n_Natural_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoces del Río Duratón Natural Park">Hoces del Río Duratón Natural Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Castilian-Leonese slope of the Cantabrian Mountains and the northern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Ib%C3%A9rico" title="Sistema Ibérico">Sistema Ibérico</a> have a rich vegetation. The most humid and fresh slopes are populated by large <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beeches</a>, whose extension areas can reach 1,500 m altitude. In turn, the <a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">European beech</a> forms mixed forests with the <a href="/wiki/Taxus_baccata" title="Taxus baccata">yew</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">sorbus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sorbus_aria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbus aria">whitebeam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ilex_aquifolium" title="Ilex aquifolium">European holly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>. On the sunny slopes the <a href="/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea">sessile oak</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Quercus_robur" title="Quercus robur">European oak</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">ash</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">lime tree</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Castanea_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanea sativa">sweet chestnut</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scots_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots pine">scots pine</a> (a typical species from the north of the province of León). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fauna">Fauna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arribesdeldueropozo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Arribesdeldueropozo.jpg/220px-Arribesdeldueropozo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Arribesdeldueropozo.jpg/330px-Arribesdeldueropozo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Arribesdeldueropozo.jpg/440px-Arribesdeldueropozo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1499" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Arribes_del_Duero_Natural_Park" title="Arribes del Duero Natural Park">Arribes del Duero Natural Park</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">special protection area for birds</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Castile and León presents a great diversity of fauna. There are numerous species and some of them are of special interest because of their uniqueness, such as some endemic species, or because of their scarcity, such as the <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a>. There have been counted 418 species of vertebrates, which make up 63% of all vertebrates that live in Spain. Animals adapted to life in the high mountains, inhabitants of rocky places, inhabitants of fluvial courses, species of plains and forest residents form the mosaic of the Castilian-Leonese fauna. </p><p>The isolation to which the high summits are subject leads to the existence of abundant endemisms such as the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_ibex" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish ibex">Spanish ibex</a>, which in Gredos constitutes a unique subspecies in the Peninsula. The <a href="/wiki/European_snow_vole" title="European snow vole">European snow vole</a> is a graceful small <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> of grayish brown color and long tail that lives in open spaces over the limit of the trees. </p><p>Small and large mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dormouse" title="Dormouse">dormouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talpidae" title="Talpidae">talpids</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildcat" title="Wildcat">wildcat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a>, quite abundant in some areas, <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a> and, only in the Cantabrian Mountains, some specimens of <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a> tend to frequent the deciduous forests, although some species also extend to coniferous forests and scrubland. The wildcat is slightly larger than a domestic cat, has a short and stout tail, with dark rings and striped fur. The <a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx</a>, however, lives almost exclusively in areas of Mediterranean scrubland. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canis_lupus_signatus_(Kerkrade_Zoo)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canis_lupus_signatus_%28Kerkrade_Zoo%29_02.jpg/220px-Canis_lupus_signatus_%28Kerkrade_Zoo%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canis_lupus_signatus_%28Kerkrade_Zoo%29_02.jpg/330px-Canis_lupus_signatus_%28Kerkrade_Zoo%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canis_lupus_signatus_%28Kerkrade_Zoo%29_02.jpg/440px-Canis_lupus_signatus_%28Kerkrade_Zoo%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Castile and León is the main habitat of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_wolf" title="Iberian wolf">Iberian wolf</a>. The naturalist <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_la_Fuente" title="Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente">Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente</a> promoted the protection of the species.</figcaption></figure> <p>Small reptiles such as the <a href="/wiki/Ladder_snake" title="Ladder snake">ladder snake</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coronella_girondica" title="Coronella girondica">coronella girondica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aesculapian_snake" title="Aesculapian snake">aesculapian snake</a> are also found in this environment. The <a href="/wiki/Coronella_austriaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronella austriaca">smooth snake</a> can be found from sea level to 1,800 m in height and in the community it tends to live on the heights. Further up, in the rocky areas of the subalpine floor at about 2,400 m altitude the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_rock_lizard" title="Iberian rock lizard">Iberian rock lizard</a> lives, one of the few reptiles adapted at this point. </p><p>In the mountain rivers live the <a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">otter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desman" title="Desman">desman</a> and in its waters the <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anguillidae" title="Anguillidae">anguillidae</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_minnow" title="Common minnow">common minnows</a> and some of the increasingly scarce autochthonous river crabs. The otter and the desman are two mammals with aquatic habits and very good swimmers. The <a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">otter</a> feeds mainly on fish, while the desman seeks its food among the aquatic invertebrates that inhabit the riverbed. In lower sections of calmer waters swim <a href="/wiki/Barbel_(fish)" title="Barbel (fish)">barbel</a> s and <a href="/wiki/Carps" class="mw-redirect" title="Carps">carps</a>. Among the amphibians, the <a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">salamanders</a> and as remarkable species: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salamandra_salamandra_almanzoris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salamandra salamandra almanzoris (page does not exist)">Almanzor salamander</a> (<i>Salamandra salamandra almanzoris</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Bufo_bufo_gredosicola" class="mw-redirect" title="Bufo bufo gredosicola">Gredos toad</a> (<i>Bufo bufo gredosicola</i>), which are two endemic subspecies to the Sistema Central. </p><p>Where the rivers are encased forming sickles and canyons, rock-dwelling birds such as <a href="/wiki/Griffon_vulture" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffon vulture">griffon vulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinereous_vulture" title="Cinereous vulture">cinereous vulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_vulture" title="Egyptian vulture">Egyptian vulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>. The Egyptian vulture, a small vulture, is black and white with a yellow head. Downstream and on its banks between the lush vegetation form their colonies the <a href="/wiki/Black-crowned_night_heron" title="Black-crowned night heron">black-crowned night heron</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grey_heron" title="Grey heron">grey heron</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Goldcrest" title="Goldcrest">goldcrest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_penduline_tit" title="Eurasian penduline tit">eurasian penduline tit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_hoopoe" title="Eurasian hoopoe">eurasian hoopoe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Common_kingfisher" title="Common kingfisher">common kingfisher</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Ibex_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Spanish_Ibex_Portrait.jpg/220px-Spanish_Ibex_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Spanish_Ibex_Portrait.jpg/330px-Spanish_Ibex_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Spanish_Ibex_Portrait.jpg/440px-Spanish_Ibex_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Western_Spanish_ibex" title="Western Spanish ibex">Western Spanish ibex</a>, also called Gredos ibex <i>(Capra pyrenaica victoriae)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous (ecology)">indigenous</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Gredos" title="Sierra de Gredos">Sierra de Gredos</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the birds that populate the open Mediterranean forests live two endangered species: the <a href="/wiki/Black_stork" title="Black stork">black stork</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_imperial_eagle" title="Spanish imperial eagle">Spanish imperial eagle</a>. The black stork, much rarer than its congener the <a href="/wiki/White_stork" title="White stork">white stork</a>, is of solitary habits and lives far from man. The Spanish imperial eagle nests in the trees and feeds mainly on rabbits, but also birds, reptiles and carrion. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reserva_CIBE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Reserva_CIBE.jpg/220px-Reserva_CIBE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Reserva_CIBE.jpg/330px-Reserva_CIBE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Reserva_CIBE.jpg/440px-Reserva_CIBE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Part of the Reserve of <a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Cebri%C3%A1n_de_Mud%C3%A1" title="San Cebrián de Mudá">San Cebrián de Mudá</a>, province of Palencia.<sup id="cite_ref-elmundo.es_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elmundo.es-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the coniferous forests live among others the <a href="/wiki/Short-toed_treecreeper" title="Short-toed treecreeper">short-toed treecreeper</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coal_tit" title="Coal tit">coal tit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_nuthatch" title="Eurasian nuthatch">eurasian nuthatch</a>, a bird of gray back and flanks reddish-orange that it nests in holes to which it narrows the entrance with mud. The <a href="/wiki/Western_capercaillie" title="Western capercaillie">western capercaillie</a> is a very dark and large rooster that lives in forest environments, so it is very difficult to observe. Among the forest raptors are the <a href="/wiki/Accipiter" title="Accipiter">accipiter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_sparrowhawk" title="Eurasian sparrowhawk">eurasian sparrowhawk</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Tawny_owl" title="Tawny owl">tawny owl</a>, which frequently attack other smaller birds such as <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_jay" title="Eurasian jay">eurasian jay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberian_green_woodpecker" title="Iberian green woodpecker">iberian green woodpecker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fringilla" title="Fringilla">fringilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_spotted_woodpecker" title="Great spotted woodpecker">great spotted woodpecker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typical_warbler" title="Typical warbler">typical warbler</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bustard" title="Bustard">bustard</a> frequents the open plains with rain-fed crops; It is large and has a grayish head and neck and a brown back. In the Castilian-Leonese wetlands during the winter many specimens of <a href="/wiki/Greylag_goose" title="Greylag goose">greylag goose</a>, which breeds in northern Europe and visits the area in winter, are concentrated. </p><p>The naturalist <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_la_Fuente" title="Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente">Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente</a> (1928 – 1980), natural from <a href="/wiki/Poza_de_la_Sal" title="Poza de la Sal">Poza de la Sal</a>, stands out in the scientific study and its dissemination. He had a great research and made the leap to fame with the television series <i><a href="/wiki/El_hombre_y_la_Tierra" title="El hombre y la Tierra">El hombre y la Tierra</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a>). </p><p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monta%C3%B1a_Palentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montaña Palentina (page does not exist)">Montaña Palentina</a>, in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/San_Cebri%C3%A1n_de_Mud%C3%A1" title="San Cebrián de Mudá">San Cebrián de Mudá</a>, a program of reintroduction of the <a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-elmundo.es_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elmundo.es-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> animal that had been a thousand years without presence in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, in order to avoid the extinction of the species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Variaci%C3%B3n_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_entre_1950_y_1981.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Variaci%C3%B3n_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_entre_1950_y_1981.svg/220px-Variaci%C3%B3n_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_entre_1950_y_1981.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Variaci%C3%B3n_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_entre_1950_y_1981.svg/330px-Variaci%C3%B3n_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_entre_1950_y_1981.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Variaci%C3%B3n_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_entre_1950_y_1981.svg/440px-Variaci%C3%B3n_de_la_poblaci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_entre_1950_y_1981.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Between the 1950s and the 1980s there was a massive <a href="/wiki/Rural_flight" title="Rural flight">rural flight</a> with still persistent effects on the community.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,302,417</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,362,878</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,337,405</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,477,324</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,694,347</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,864,378</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,848,352</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,623,196</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,575,064</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,562,979</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,456,474</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,540,188</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,385,223</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">INE</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With 2 528 417 inhabitants (1 January 2007), 1 251 082 men and 1 277 335 women, the population of Castile and León represents 5.69% of the population of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, although its vast territory covers almost a fifth of the total area of the country. In January 2005, the population of Castile and León was divided, by province, as follows: <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Province of Ávila</a>, 168 638 inhabitants; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Province of Burgos</a>, 365 972; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">Province of León</a>, 497 387; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Province of Palencia</a>, 173 281; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Province of Salamanca</a>, 351 326; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Province of Segovia</a>, 159 322; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Province of Soria</a>, 93 593; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Province of Valladolid</a>, 521 661; and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Province of Zamora</a>, 197 237. </p><p>The autonomous community has a very low population density, around 26.57 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>, a record that is more than three times lower than the national average, which indicates that it is a sparsely populated and demographically decline, especially in rural areas and even in small traditional cities. The demographic characteristics of the territory show an aging population, with a low birth rate and mortality that approaches the state average. </p><p>In the year 2000, the population of Castile and León totaled 2 479 118 people, that is, 6.12% of the Spanish total. Its natural growth was one of the lowest in Spain: -7223 (-2.92 gross rate), as a result of the difference between the 25 080 deaths (10.12 of the gross rate) and the 17 857 births ( 7.20 gross rate). The number of inhabitants in 1999 was slightly higher (2 488 062), so that, despite the negative growth, the relative numerical stability is partly due to the increase in <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a>: of 22 910 immigrants in 1999 it went to 24 340 in 2000. In that year, 59 children under the age of one year died. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> is higher than the Spanish average: 83.24 for women and 78.30 for men, a superiority that in 1999 was repeated in the register, since women added 1 260 906 and the males 1 227 156. A study by the University of Porto (Portugal) cites Castile and León as one of the European regions where old people could expect to live longer.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, the age distribution gave the following results: 317 783 people from 0 to 14 years old; 913 618 between 15 and 39 years old; 576 183 from 40 to 59 years and 677 020 over 60 years. </p><p>The active population in 2001 was 1 005 200 and occupied 884 200 people, with which the unemployment was 12.1% of the active population. For sectors of the employed population, 10.9% worked in <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, 20.6% in the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industry</a>, 12.7% in construction, and 63,1% in the services sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_evolution">Historical evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Historical evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homenaje_a_la_Mujer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Homenaje_a_la_Mujer.jpg/220px-Homenaje_a_la_Mujer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Homenaje_a_la_Mujer.jpg/330px-Homenaje_a_la_Mujer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Homenaje_a_la_Mujer.jpg/440px-Homenaje_a_la_Mujer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calle_Mayor,_Palencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calle Mayor, Palencia (page does not exist)">Calle Mayor</a> street of <a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>. The city is within the most dynamic axis of the community.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the people of the territory, who devoted themselves mostly to <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>, gradually abandoned the area, heading towards urban areas, much more prosperous. This situation was further aggravated at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, with a progressive rural emigration. During the 1960s and 1980s, large urban centers and provincial capitals suffered a slight demographic increase due to a thorough urbanization process, although, despite this, the Castilian-Leonese area continues to suffer serious depopulation. Only the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a> are gaining population in recent years. </p><p>There is also an increase in the population of metropolitan areas around cities such as <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> or <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a>. Due to this phenomenon, cities such as <a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Duero" title="Laguna de Duero">Laguna de Duero</a> or <a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_del_Rabanedo" title="San Andrés del Rabanedo">San Andrés del Rabanedo</a> have seen their population increase rapidly in a few years. The metropolitan area of the city of Valladolid is, by far, the largest in the autonomous community, with more than 430 000 inhabitants. </p><p>However, in absolute terms the autonomous community is losing population and aging. In 2011, it was one of only four <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Community">autonomous communities</a> that lost population along with <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present-day_population_distribution">Present-day population distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Present-day population distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="List of municipalities in Castile and León">List of municipalities in Castile and León</a></div> <p>In 1960 the urban population meant 20.6% of the total population of Castile and León; in 1991 this percentage had risen to 42.3% and in 1998 it was approaching 43%, which indicates the progressive rural depopulation. The phenomenon is also reflected in the number of municipalities with less than 100 inhabitants, which was multiplied by seven between 1960 and 1986. Outside the provincial capitals, the largest towns are <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a> in the province of Burgos, <a href="/wiki/Ponferrada" title="Ponferrada">Ponferrada</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_del_Rabanedo" title="San Andrés del Rabanedo">San Andrés del Rabanedo</a> in the province of León, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9jar" title="Béjar">Béjar</a> in the province of Salamanca and <a href="/wiki/Medina_del_Campo" title="Medina del Campo">Medina del Campo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Duero" title="Laguna de Duero">Laguna de Duero</a> in the province of Valladolid. </p><p>Of the 2248 municipalities of this community, the 2014 registry registered 1986 with less than 1000 inhabitants; 204 from 1001 to 5000; 35 from 5001 to 10 000; 8 of 10 001 to 20 000; 6 of 20 001 to 50 000; 5 of 50 001 to 100 000 and 4 municipalities with more than 100 000 inhabitants. The latter are: Valladolid (306 830 hab.), Burgos (177 776 hab.), Salamanca (148 042 hab.) And León (129 551 hab.) Among the least populated are, between others: <a href="/wiki/Jaramillo_Quemado" title="Jaramillo Quemado">Jaramillo Quemado</a> (Burgos), with 4 inhabitants, <a href="/wiki/Estepa_de_San_Juan" title="Estepa de San Juan">Estepa de San Juan</a> (Soria), with 7, <a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%B1oner%C3%ADa" title="Quiñonería">Quiñonería</a> (Soria), with 8 and <a href="/wiki/Villanueva_de_Gormaz" title="Villanueva de Gormaz">Villanueva de Gormaz</a> (Soria), with 9. </p><p>Below is a table showing the 20 municipalities with the largest population according to the municipal census of the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">INE</a> of 2015: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> </p> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest municipalities in Castile and León</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/"><i>Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España</i></a> (2015)</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Province</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Province</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Valladolid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valladolid"><img alt="Valladolid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/View_of_Valladolid.jpg/120px-View_of_Valladolid.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/View_of_Valladolid.jpg/180px-View_of_Valladolid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/View_of_Valladolid.jpg/240px-View_of_Valladolid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3408" data-file-height="2232" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burgos_city_view_facing_south_east.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Burgos"><img alt="Burgos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Burgos_city_view_facing_south_east.jpg/120px-Burgos_city_view_facing_south_east.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Burgos_city_view_facing_south_east.jpg/180px-Burgos_city_view_facing_south_east.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Burgos_city_view_facing_south_east.jpg/240px-Burgos_city_view_facing_south_east.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">303,905</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,173 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reflejos_de_la_Catedrales_de_Salamanca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salamanca"><img alt="Salamanca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Reflejos_de_la_Catedrales_de_Salamanca.jpg/120px-Reflejos_de_la_Catedrales_de_Salamanca.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Reflejos_de_la_Catedrales_de_Salamanca.jpg/180px-Reflejos_de_la_Catedrales_de_Salamanca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Reflejos_de_la_Catedrales_de_Salamanca.jpg/240px-Reflejos_de_la_Catedrales_de_Salamanca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CiudaddeLeonPerspectiva6.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="León"><img alt="León" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/CiudaddeLeonPerspectiva6.JPG/120px-CiudaddeLeonPerspectiva6.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/CiudaddeLeonPerspectiva6.JPG/180px-CiudaddeLeonPerspectiva6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/CiudaddeLeonPerspectiva6.JPG/240px-CiudaddeLeonPerspectiva6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">177,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,880 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">146,438</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_del_Rabanedo" title="San Andrés del Rabanedo">San Andrés del Rabanedo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,745 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">127,817</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_Duero" title="Laguna de Duero">Laguna de Duero</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,601 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Palencia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">79,595</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Medina_del_Campo" title="Medina del Campo">Medina del Campo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,110 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ponferrada" title="Ponferrada">Ponferrada</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,884</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Villaquilambre" title="Villaquilambre">Villaquilambre</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,615 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">63,831</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Benavente,_Zamora" title="Benavente, Zamora">Benavente</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Zamora</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ávila, Spain">Ávila</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">58,358</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_de_la_Encomienda" title="Arroyo de la Encomienda">Arroyo de la Encomienda</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Valladolid</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,491 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Segovia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">52,728</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Marta_de_Tormes" title="Santa Marta de Tormes">Santa Marta de Tormes</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,168</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9jar" title="Béjar">Béjar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,724 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Castile and León (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-CIS_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Spain" title="Catholic Church in Spain">Catholic Church</a> </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gold; width:76.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">76.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Irreligion in the Republic of Ireland">Non-religious</a> </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Grey; width:20.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">20.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other religion</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Violet; width:1.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unanswered</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:1.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> is the predominant religion in the community. According to the barometer of the <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Investigaciones_Sociol%C3%B3gicas" title="Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas">Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas</a> (CIS) conducted in October 2019, 76.8% of Castilian-Leonese are considered Catholics (43.2 Non-Practising and 33.6% Practising), and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-believers</a> 20.3%. </p><p>Actual attendance at a church is on average less than these figures show. According to the same study, only half of self identifying Catholics go to mass regularly with those considered "practicing" Catholics attending more regularly than those considered "non practicing".<sup id="cite_ref-CIS_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_population">Foreign population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Foreign population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Foreign population by country of citizenship (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-ineextranjeros_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ineextranjeros-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td align="right">23,674 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td align="right">20,281 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td align="right">19,816 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td align="right">7,962 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td align="right">5,390 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></td> <td align="right">3,876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td align="right">3,785 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td align="right">3,553 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td align="right">2,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td align="right">2,182 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other</td> <td align="right">30,531 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of 2018, the region had a foreign population of 123,575.<sup id="cite_ref-ineextranjeros_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ineextranjeros-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest groups of foreigners were those of Romanian, Bulgarian, Moroccan and Portuguese citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-ineextranjeros_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ineextranjeros-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is the only official and preponderant language throughout the territory. The phenomena of <i><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%ADsmo" title="Leísmo">leísmo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/La%C3%ADsmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Laísmo">laísmo</a></i> are considered to be deviations characteristic of the varieties of Spanish spoken in the region, later irradiating to other territories.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to Spanish (also referred to in the Spanish-speaking world as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">castellano</i></span>; <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> 'Castilian'</span>), other languages or linguistic varieties are spoken in small areas of Castile and León: the <a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese language</a>, that "will be subject to specific protection [...] because of its particular value within the Community's linguistic heritage" and <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician language</a>, which, according to the Statute of Autonomy, "will enjoy respect and protection in the places where it is usually used" (fundamentally, in the border areas with Galicia of the comarcas of <a href="/wiki/El_Bierzo" title="El Bierzo">El Bierzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanabria_(comarca)" title="Sanabria (comarca)">Sanabria</a>). In the Salamancan comarca of <a href="/wiki/El_Rebollar_(Salamanca)" title="El Rebollar (Salamanca)">El Rebollar</a>, a modality of <a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_language" title="Extremaduran language">Extremaduran language</a> is spoken (of the Asturian-Leonese branch)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known as <a href="/wiki/Palra_d%27El_Rebollal" title="Palra d'El Rebollal">Palra d'El Rebollal</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Merindad_de_Sotoscueva" title="Merindad de Sotoscueva">Merindad de Sotoscueva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">province of Burgos</a>) a Castilian is spoken with some dialectal features of the Asturian-Leonese.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Trevi%C3%B1o_enclave" title="Treviño enclave">Treviño enclave</a>, as of 2012 about a fifth of the population spoke <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Languages spoken by some of the largest immigrant communities include <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration_and_politics">Administration and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Administration and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_organization">Territorial organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Territorial organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The community is the sum of nine provinces: <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Province of Ávila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Province of Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">Province of León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Province of Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Province of Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Province of Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Province of Soria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Province of Valladolid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Province of Zamora</a>. The provincial capitals fall in the homonymous cities to their corresponding provinces. </p><p>The concurrence of some peculiar geographical, social, historical and economic characteristics is legally recognized for <a href="/wiki/El_Bierzo" title="El Bierzo">El Bierzo</a> (an area that was a province on its own in the <a href="/wiki/1822_territorial_division_of_Spain" title="1822 territorial division of Spain">project of initial provincial division</a>, though it disappeared in the <a href="/wiki/1833_territorial_division_of_Spain" title="1833 territorial division of Spain">1833 territorial division of Spain</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">comarca</a> of <i>El Bierzo</i> was created in 1991, with its center in <a href="/wiki/Ponferrada" title="Ponferrada">Ponferrada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only Castilian-Leonese territory recognized by law outside the normal provincial division, and it is administered by a Comarcal Council. Castile and León also includes the <a href="/wiki/Exclave_of_Trevi%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave of Treviño">exclave of Treviño</a>, surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lava" title="Álava">province of Araba/Álava</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Provincias_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Provincias_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg/300px-Provincias_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Provincias_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg/450px-Provincias_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Provincias_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg/600px-Provincias_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Castile and León</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:170px;">Province </th> <th style="width:85px;">Capital </th> <th style="width:85px;">Area (km2)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:85px;">Population (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:80px;">Municipalities<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_%C3%81vila.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_%C3%81vila.svg/13px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_%C3%81vila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_%C3%81vila.svg/20px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_%C3%81vila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_%C3%81vila.svg/26px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_%C3%81vila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Province of Ávila</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ávila, Spain">Ávila</a></td> <td>8 050.15</td> <td>171 647</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_%C3%81vila" title="List of municipalities in Ávila">248</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Burgos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Burgos.svg/13px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Burgos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Burgos.svg/20px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Burgos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Burgos.svg/26px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Burgos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="958" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Province of Burgos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></td> <td>14 291.81</td> <td>372 538</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Burgos" title="List of municipalities in Burgos">371</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Le%C3%B3n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Escudo_de_Le%C3%B3n.svg/13px-Escudo_de_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Escudo_de_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Escudo_de_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Escudo_de_Le%C3%B3n.svg/26px-Escudo_de_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">Province of León</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></td> <td>15 580.83</td> <td>493 312</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Le%C3%B3n" title="List of municipalities in León">211</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Palencia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Palencia.svg/13px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Palencia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Palencia.svg/20px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Palencia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Palencia.svg/26px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Palencia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Province of Palencia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></td> <td>8 052.51</td> <td>170 513</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Palencia" title="List of municipalities in Palencia">191</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Salamanca.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Salamanca.svg/13px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Salamanca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Salamanca.svg/20px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Salamanca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Salamanca.svg/26px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_de_Salamanca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Province of Salamanca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></td> <td>12 349.95</td> <td>350 018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Salamanca" title="List of municipalities in Salamanca">362</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Segovia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Segovia.svg/13px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Segovia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Segovia.svg/20px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Segovia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Segovia.svg/26px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Segovia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="910" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Province of Segovia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a></td> <td>6 922.75</td> <td>163 171</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Segovia" title="List of municipalities in Segovia">209</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Soria2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Soria2.svg/13px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Soria2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Soria2.svg/20px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Soria2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Soria2.svg/26px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Soria2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Province of Soria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a></td> <td>10 306.42</td> <td>94 610</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Soria" title="List of municipalities in Soria">183</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Va-dip.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Va-dip.svg/13px-Va-dip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Va-dip.svg/20px-Va-dip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Va-dip.svg/26px-Va-dip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="686" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Province of Valladolid</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></td> <td>8 110.49</td> <td>532 765</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Valladolid" title="List of municipalities in Valladolid">225</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Zamora.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Zamora.svg/13px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Zamora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Zamora.svg/20px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Zamora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Zamora.svg/26px-Escudo_de_la_provincia_de_Zamora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Province of Zamora</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a></td> <td>10 561.26</td> <td>191 613</td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Zamora" title="List of municipalities in Zamora">248</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provision_of_services">Provision of services</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Provision of services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borrador_de_UBOST_CyL_(2015).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Borrador_de_UBOST_CyL_%282015%29.svg/220px-Borrador_de_UBOST_CyL_%282015%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Borrador_de_UBOST_CyL_%282015%29.svg/330px-Borrador_de_UBOST_CyL_%282015%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Borrador_de_UBOST_CyL_%282015%29.svg/440px-Borrador_de_UBOST_CyL_%282015%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Draft of UBOST presented in September 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p>The new territorial arrangement approved by Law 7/2013, on Planning, Services and Government of the Territory of the Community of Castile and León, establishes that the geographical spaces delimited for the provision of services are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic_unit_of_territorial_planning_and_services_(Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic unit of territorial planning and services (Castile and León) (page does not exist)">basic unit of territorial planning and services (UBOST)</a> -urban or rural- and functional areas -<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stable_functional_area_(Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stable functional area (Castile and León) (page does not exist)">stable</a> or strategic-.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the new ordination determines that the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mancommunity_of_common_interest_(Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mancommunity of common interest (Castile and León) (page does not exist)">mancommunities of common interest</a> are entities for the fulfillment of their specific purposes, which may be declared when their territorial scope substantially agrees with an UBOST or several contiguous ones.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This ordination is still in the implementation phase, and in September 2015 the draft map dividing the autonomous community was presented in 147 rural UBOST and 15 urban UBOST.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomous_institutions">Autonomous institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Autonomous institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burgos_-_Palacio_de_Justicia_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Burgos_-_Palacio_de_Justicia_1.jpg/220px-Burgos_-_Palacio_de_Justicia_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Burgos_-_Palacio_de_Justicia_1.jpg/330px-Burgos_-_Palacio_de_Justicia_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Burgos_-_Palacio_de_Justicia_1.jpg/440px-Burgos_-_Palacio_de_Justicia_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palacio_de_Justicia,_Valladolid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palacio de Justicia, Valladolid (page does not exist)">Palacio de Justicia</a>, seat of the Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León, in Burgos.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Statute of Autonomy does not explicitly establish one <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Capital of Castile and León">capital</a>. Initially the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Cortes of Castile and León">Cortes</a> were installed provisionally in <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>; the possibility of fixing a capital in <a href="/wiki/Tordesillas" title="Tordesillas">Tordesillas</a> was also discussed, although the final decision was to install the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Cortes of Castile and León">Cortes</a> provisionally in the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Fuensalda%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle of Fuensaldaña">castle of Fuensaldaña</a>. </p><p>Finally, through the autonomous laws 13/1987 and 14/1987, approved simultaneously, it was decided respectively to establish that the <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Castile and León Regional Government">Junta de Castilla y León</a> -the government of the Community-, its president, and the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Cortes of Castile and León">Cortes</a> -the legislative body- had its headquarters in the city of <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>; and that the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Court_of_Justice_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León">Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León</a> had its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>. The main autonomous institutions are the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Castile and León Regional Government">Junta de Castilla y León</a> (Regional Government of Castile and León), with headquarters in Valladolid, is the regional executive, formed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Junta_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="President of the Junta of Castile and León">President of the Regional Government</a>, the vice presidents and the councilors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Cortes of Castile and León">Cortes de Castilla y León</a> (Parliament of Castile and León), based in Valladolid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Court_of_Justice_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León">Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla y León</a> (Upper Court of Justice of Castile and León), based in Burgos</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cortes_of_Castile_and_León"><span id="Cortes_of_Castile_and_Le.C3.B3n"></span>Cortes of Castile and León</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cortes of Castile and León"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the first legislature, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> was the party with the most representation in Cortes, being the first president of the community the Socialist <a href="/wiki/Demetrio_Madrid" title="Demetrio Madrid">Demetrio Madrid</a>. Since the 1990s, regional policy has been framed by a series of absolute majorities of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>, which continues to comfortably govern at present. Other national parties with presence in the community, either locally or regionally, are <a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Spain)" title="United Left (Spain)">United Left</a> (previously as <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">Communist Party of Spain</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Union,_Progress_and_Democracy" title="Union, Progress and Democracy">Union, Progress and Democracy</a>, with a significant presence in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Ávila</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Burgos</a>. Previously <a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Social_Centre_(Spain)" title="Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)">Democratic and Social Centre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> also managed to be in the regional political life occupying the reformist center of the political spectrum. </p><p>The Leonesism through the <a href="/wiki/Leonese_People%27s_Union" title="Leonese People's Union">Leonese People's Union</a>, the Castilianism through <a href="/wiki/Castilian_Party" title="Castilian Party">Party of Castile and León</a>, previously <a href="/wiki/Commoners%27_Land" title="Commoners' Land">Commoners' Land</a> or localistas parties like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Solution_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Solution (Spain) (page does not exist)">Independent Solution</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_of_Zamoran_Independent_Electoral_Members&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group of Zamoran Independent Electoral Members (page does not exist)">Group of Zamoran Independent Electoral Members</a> or <a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_the_Development_of_Soria" title="Initiative for the Development of Soria">Initiative for the Development of Soria</a> have also had their presence, although at a lower level. </p><p>The community is governed by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Ma%C3%B1ueco" title="Alfonso Fernández Mañueco">Alfonso Fernández Mañueco</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>. This party obtained 29 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Procurator_in_Cortes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procurator in Cortes (page does not exist)">procurators</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Castilian-Leonese_regional_election" title="2019 Castilian-Leonese regional election">2019 Castilian-Leonese regional election</a>. Mañueco's investiture was supported by the party <a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">Citizens</a>, with 12 representatives. The party that obtained the most seats at the election, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> is in opposition, with 35 representatives. The leader of the opposition is <a href="/wiki/Luis_Tudanca" title="Luis Tudanca">Luis Tudanca</a>. In addition, four more formations obtained parliamentary representation in the region: <a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Podemos (Spanish political party)">Podemos</a> (2 seats), <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a> (1), <a href="/wiki/For_%C3%81vila" title="For Ávila">XÁvila</a> (1) and <a href="/wiki/Leonese_People%27s_Union" title="Leonese People's Union">Leonese People's Union</a> (1). </p><p>A 2024 law passed by the regional Castile and León coalition (including Vox and the People's Party) omitted any mention of General Franco as a dictator, which sparked criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_Rights_in_Castile_and_León"><span id="Human_Rights_in_Castile_and_Le.C3.B3n"></span>Human Rights in Castile and León</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Human Rights in Castile and León"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ValladolidPride2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ValladolidPride2024.jpg/220px-ValladolidPride2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ValladolidPride2024.jpg/330px-ValladolidPride2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ValladolidPride2024.jpg/440px-ValladolidPride2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> LGBTQ+ Pride 2024.</figcaption></figure> <p>The roots of modern Human Rights theories has its origins in Castile and León. The <a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a> was an intellectual movement of 16th-century where humanism raised, being its major contributor <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Valladolid_debate" title="Valladolid debate">Valladolid debate</a> was the first moral debate in European history to discuss the rights and treatment of Indigenous people by European colonizers. </p><p>Castile and León is the only autonomous region in Spain withouth a specific regional law protecting LGBTQ+ citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several LGBTQ+ organizations exists in the region, such as Segovia Entiende,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Espacio Seguro LGBTQ+ Burgos,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chiguitxs LGTB+ Palencia,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arco Ávila,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Awen León<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Fundación Triangulo Castilla y León.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2022 the Festival Zorrilla´s Fest<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is celebrated annually in Valladolid during Pride Week to promote LGBTQ+ artists and local LGBTQ+ engagement. Since then artists as Samantha Hudson, Putochinomaricón, Javiera Mena or Tremenda Jauría have performed in the Festival. </p><p>The first transgender person in Spain to reach Professor level at University is Marina Sáenz, in the Law School of Valladolid University.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abortion law is applied as in the rest of the country, but women might suffer difficuties due to the high proportion of facultativies objtecing to practise abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the autonomous community was 57.9 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 4.8% of Spanish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 25,800 euros or 85% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 97% of the EU average.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unemployment_rate">Unemployment rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Unemployment rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2009, in full <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, unemployment reached 14.14% of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when in 2007 it was half, 6,99%.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the survey of the employment of the fourth quarter of 2014, the employment rate is 54.91% and the unemployment rate is 20.28%, while the national figure is 59,77% of employment and 23.70% of unemployed. Below the regional average of unemployment are Segovia (14.33%), Valladolid (16.65%), Soria (16.96%) and Burgos (18.76%), while above Salamanca (21,25%), León (22.65%), Palencia (23.22%), Ávila (25.33%) and Zamora (26.62%).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unemployment rate stood at 14.1% in 2017 and was slightly lower than the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>unemployment rate</b><br />(in %) </td> <td>8.1% </td> <td>7.1% </td> <td>9.6% </td> <td>14.0% </td> <td>15.8% </td> <td>16.9% </td> <td>19.8% </td> <td>21.7% </td> <td>20.8% </td> <td>18.3% </td> <td>15.8% </td> <td>14.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sector">Primary sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Primary sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villarejo_de_Orbigo1_Leon_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Villarejo_de_Orbigo1_Leon_Spain.jpg/220px-Villarejo_de_Orbigo1_Leon_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Villarejo_de_Orbigo1_Leon_Spain.jpg/330px-Villarejo_de_Orbigo1_Leon_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Villarejo_de_Orbigo1_Leon_Spain.jpg/440px-Villarejo_de_Orbigo1_Leon_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Villarejo_de_%C3%93rbigo" title="Villarejo de Órbigo">Villarejo de Órbigo</a>, typical rural town of the <a href="/wiki/Ribera_del_%C3%93rbigo" title="Ribera del Órbigo">Ribera del Órbigo</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Tierra_de_Campos" title="Tierra de Campos">Tierra de Campos</a> comarcas.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Field</dt></dl> <p>The fields of Castile and Leon are arid and dry although very fertile, predominating in them the <a href="/wiki/Dryland_farming" title="Dryland farming">dryland farming</a>. Despite this, irrigation has been gaining importance in the areas of the valleys of <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esla_(river)" title="Esla (river)">Esla</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93rbigo" title="Órbigo">Órbigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisuerga" title="Pisuerga">Pisuerga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tormes" title="Tormes">Tormes</a>. The scarce orography and the improvement of communications has favored the entry of technical innovations throughout the process of agricultural production, especially in areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">province of Valladolid</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">province of Burgos</a> where the production per hectare is one of the highest in Spain. The most fertile Castilian-Leonese area coincides with the Esla valley, in León, in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tierra_de_Campos" title="Tierra de Campos">Tierra de Campos</a>, a district that extends between <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">province of Zamora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">province of Valladolid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">province of Palencia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">province of León</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Use of arable land</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arco,_castillo_de_Gormaz,_Soria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arco%2C_castillo_de_Gormaz%2C_Soria.jpg/170px-Arco%2C_castillo_de_Gormaz%2C_Soria.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arco%2C_castillo_de_Gormaz%2C_Soria.jpg/255px-Arco%2C_castillo_de_Gormaz%2C_Soria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Arco%2C_castillo_de_Gormaz%2C_Soria.jpg/340px-Arco%2C_castillo_de_Gormaz%2C_Soria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2343" data-file-height="3285" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Meseta_Central" title="Meseta Central">Meseta Central</a> is a large plateau ranging a considerable part of the region of <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a>. In the image a landscape of the Meseta Central viewed from the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_Gormaz" title="Castle of Gormaz">castle of Gormaz</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Castile and León has an agricultural area close to 5,783,831 hectares, which is more than half of the total area of its total territory. Most of the farmland is dryland, due to the climate and the low rainfall. Only 10% of the area is irrigated, with plots of intensive production, much more profitable than dryland crops. </p><p>Despite the decline of the population in rural areas, the Castilian-Leonese agricultural production still represents 15% of the Spanish primary sector and its average occupation is lower than that of other autonomous communities. </p> <dl><dt>Types of crop</dt></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinos_DO_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vinos_DO_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg/230px-Vinos_DO_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vinos_DO_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg/345px-Vinos_DO_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vinos_DO_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg/460px-Vinos_DO_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>Wines with <a href="/wiki/Denominaci%C3%B3n_de_origen" title="Denominación de origen">denominación de origen</a> of Castile and León</figcaption></figure> <p>Castile and León constitutes one of the main Spanish cereal areas. As the popular saying says: "<i>Castile, granary of Spain</i>". Although the most traditional crop was wheat, the production of barley has gained ground since the 1960s. These two cereals are followed, in number of hectares cultivated and volume of production, rye and oats. In addition to legumes, such as carob and chickpeas, sunflower cultivation has spread in the southern countryside. </p><p>The vineyard (56,337 ha) saw the number of hectares cultivated during the last three decades of the 20th century decrease considerably; However, the application of the most modern aging techniques has notably improved the Castilian-Leonese wines, which compete in quality with those of La Rioja and begin to be known outside the Spanish borders. The main viticultural areas of the region are <a href="/wiki/Ribera_del_Duero" title="Ribera del Duero">Ribera del Duero (DO)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rueda_(DO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rueda (DO)">Rueda (DO)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toro_(DO)" title="Toro (DO)">Toro (DO)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bierzo_(DO)" title="Bierzo (DO)">Bierzo (DO)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arribes_(wine)" title="Arribes (wine)">Arribes (DO)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tierra_de_Le%C3%B3n_(DO)" title="Tierra de León (DO)">Tierra de León (DO)</a>. Irrigated land is planted with sugar beet, a product that has been subsidized by the regional authorities, potatoes, alfalfa and vegetables. In the province of León, corn, hops and legumes are also sown. </p> <dl><dt>Livestock</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:051127_1327_Villalba_de_los_Llanos_-_Vaca_morucha_T01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/051127_1327_Villalba_de_los_Llanos_-_Vaca_morucha_T01.JPG/220px-051127_1327_Villalba_de_los_Llanos_-_Vaca_morucha_T01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/051127_1327_Villalba_de_los_Llanos_-_Vaca_morucha_T01.JPG/330px-051127_1327_Villalba_de_los_Llanos_-_Vaca_morucha_T01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/051127_1327_Villalba_de_los_Llanos_-_Vaca_morucha_T01.JPG/440px-051127_1327_Villalba_de_los_Llanos_-_Vaca_morucha_T01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morucha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morucha (page does not exist)">Morucha</a> cow in a <a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa">dehesa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Campo_Charro" title="Campo Charro">Campo Charro</a>, place of production of <a href="/wiki/Jam%C3%B3n_de_Guijuelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamón de Guijuelo">Jamón de Guijuelo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Livestock represents an important part of the final agricultural production. Next to the small livestock units, which proliferate in the regions of pre-eminent agricultural dedication or in the mountain areas, now appears a modern livestock activity, with cattle, pig and sheep farms, of development. These farms are oriented both to the production of meat and to the supply of milk to the cooperatives that channel their subsequent commercialization, since the dairy production of Castile and León -more than one and a half million liters per year- is the second largest in Spain, only surpassed by Galicia. </p><p>Thus, small livestock farms tend to disappear, largely due to the effect of rural depopulation and the consequent loss of labor. Transhumant grazing is conserved in some areas; large herds, mainly sheep, travel every year hundreds of kilometers from the flat lands to the land with mountain pastures as in the <a href="/wiki/El_Bierzo" title="El Bierzo">El Bierzo</a>, the Cantabrian valleys of province of León, the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Gredos" title="Sierra de Gredos">sierra de Gredos</a> or Picos de Urbión. It is hard work that every time has less labor, having previously constituted a testimony of first importance on the history and cultural roots of the Castilian and Leonese people. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinar_de_Valsa%C3%ADn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pinar_de_Valsa%C3%ADn.jpg/220px-Pinar_de_Valsa%C3%ADn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pinar_de_Valsa%C3%ADn.jpg/330px-Pinar_de_Valsa%C3%ADn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pinar_de_Valsa%C3%ADn.jpg/440px-Pinar_de_Valsa%C3%ADn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Pines in <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Valsa%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle de Valsaín">Valle de Valsaín</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sheep herd is the most numerous, with 5,425,000 heads, followed by domestic pig (2,800,000) and cattle (1,200,000). A long way away is the goats (166,200 heads) and horses (71,700 horses, mules and donkeys). The highest production of meat corresponds to that of pigs (241,700 t), followed by bovine (89,400 t) and poultry (66,000 t); in wool production Castile and León leads the national balance with 7,500 t. Within the section of Protected <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a> (I.G.P), highlights <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lechazo_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n_(I.G.P.)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lechazo de Castilla y León (I.G.P.) (page does not exist)">Lechazo de Castilla y León</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Forest exploitation</dt></dl> <p>In Castile and León there are about 1,900,000 hectares of non-arboreal, representing 40% of the total forest area. This deforestation is mainly due to the hand of the man who, over the centuries, has made forests disappear, giving way to areas of non-arboreal vegetation. Little by little, with the abandonment of rural areas and the reforestation policy of the Castilian and Leonese governments, this situation has been reversed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sector">Secondary sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Secondary sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Industry</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Factor%C3%ADa_de_Renault_en_Valladolid._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Factor%C3%ADa_de_Renault_en_Valladolid._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2018.jpg/220px-Factor%C3%ADa_de_Renault_en_Valladolid._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Factor%C3%ADa_de_Renault_en_Valladolid._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2018.jpg/330px-Factor%C3%ADa_de_Renault_en_Valladolid._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Factor%C3%ADa_de_Renault_en_Valladolid._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2018.jpg/440px-Factor%C3%ADa_de_Renault_en_Valladolid._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> factory in Valladolid</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Aeroengines_Ircio_de_Aciturri)_Visita_a_Aciturri_y_Montefibre_(Miranda_de_Ebro)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%28Aeroengines_Ircio_de_Aciturri%29_Visita_a_Aciturri_y_Montefibre_%28Miranda_de_Ebro%29_02.jpg/220px-%28Aeroengines_Ircio_de_Aciturri%29_Visita_a_Aciturri_y_Montefibre_%28Miranda_de_Ebro%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%28Aeroengines_Ircio_de_Aciturri%29_Visita_a_Aciturri_y_Montefibre_%28Miranda_de_Ebro%29_02.jpg/330px-%28Aeroengines_Ircio_de_Aciturri%29_Visita_a_Aciturri_y_Montefibre_%28Miranda_de_Ebro%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%28Aeroengines_Ircio_de_Aciturri%29_Visita_a_Aciturri_y_Montefibre_%28Miranda_de_Ebro%29_02.jpg/440px-%28Aeroengines_Ircio_de_Aciturri%29_Visita_a_Aciturri_y_Montefibre_%28Miranda_de_Ebro%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Aciturri Aeroengines plant in Miranda de Ebro</figcaption></figure> <p>During 2000, the Castile and León industry occupied 18% of the active population and contributed 25% of GDP. The most developed industrial axis is that of <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>-<a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a>-<a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a>, where there is an important car industry, paper industry, aeronautics and chemistry, and is where most of the industrial activity of the Castilian-Leonese territory is concentrated. The food industry derived from the farm and livestock, with flour, sunflower oil and wines, among others is also important, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Ribera_del_Duero_(comarca)" title="Ribera del Duero (comarca)">Ribera del Duero</a> comarca, especially in <a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a>. </p><p>The main industrial poles of the community are: <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> (21,054 workers dedicated to the sector), <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> (20,217), <a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a> (4,872), <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a> (4,521), <a href="/wiki/Ponferrada" title="Ponferrada">Ponferrada</a> (4,270) and <a href="/wiki/%C3%93lvega" title="Ólvega">Ólvega</a> (4,075).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other industries are textiles in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9jar" title="Béjar">Béjar</a>, roof tiles and bricks in <a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>, sugar in <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toro,_Zamora" title="Toro, Zamora">Toro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benavente,_Zamora" title="Benavente, Zamora">Benavente</a>, the pharmaceutical company in <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> and mainly in <a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a> with a factory of the <a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline</a> group, the metallurgical and steel company in <a href="/wiki/Ponferrada" title="Ponferrada">Ponferrada</a> and the chemistry in <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, the aeronautics in <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>. In the remaining capitals there is a <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a> derived from the agricultural and livestock exploitation, with flour, sunflower oil and wines, among others. This regional <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">agro-food industry</a> is flagged by <a href="/wiki/Calidad_Pascual" title="Calidad Pascual">Calidad Pascual</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Aranda_de_Duero" title="Aranda de Duero">Aranda de Duero</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> industry, within the production of <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mirat" title="Mirat">Mirat</a>, founded in 1812 in <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, stands out.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a> the <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logging industry</a> and furniture manufacturing is also relevant to the regional economy. </p><p>The president of the Castilian-Leonese employers' association is currently <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gin%C3%A9s_Clemente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginés Clemente (page does not exist)">Ginés Clemente</a>, owner of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aciturri_Aeron%C3%A1utica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aciturri Aeronáutica (page does not exist)">Aciturri Aeronáutica</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a>. It is a leading international aeronautical group, with contracts with groups such as <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>, which makes Castile and León a benchmark in the sector. </p> <dl><dt>Construction</dt></dl> <p>The 16,34% of the companies in Castile and León belong to the auxiliary sector of <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>. Among the largest companies in the sector, the following stand out: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_Pantersa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo Pantersa (page does not exist)">Grupo Pantersa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Begar_(corporation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begar (corporation) (page does not exist)">Begar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupo_MRS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grupo MRS (page does not exist)">Grupo MRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isolux_Cors%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Isolux Corsán">Isolux Corsán</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llorente_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llorente Corporation (page does not exist)">Llorente Corporation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volconsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volconsa (page does not exist)">Volconsa</a> and of auxiliary construction sector, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artepref&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artepref (page does not exist)">Artepref</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerardo_de_la_Calle_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerardo de la Calle Group (page does not exist)">Gerardo de la Calle Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Mining</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mina_de_pizarra_a_cielo_abierto_en_la_provincia_de_Le%C3%B3n._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mina_de_pizarra_a_cielo_abierto_en_la_provincia_de_Le%C3%B3n._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2000.jpg/220px-Mina_de_pizarra_a_cielo_abierto_en_la_provincia_de_Le%C3%B3n._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mina_de_pizarra_a_cielo_abierto_en_la_provincia_de_Le%C3%B3n._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2000.jpg/330px-Mina_de_pizarra_a_cielo_abierto_en_la_provincia_de_Le%C3%B3n._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mina_de_pizarra_a_cielo_abierto_en_la_provincia_de_Le%C3%B3n._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2000.jpg/440px-Mina_de_pizarra_a_cielo_abierto_en_la_provincia_de_Le%C3%B3n._Junta_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n._2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Open-cast slate quarry in the province of León.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Castile and León, the mining activity acquired great importance in the Roman times, when a road was drawn, the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADa_de_la_Plata" title="Vía de la Plata">Vía de la Plata</a>, to transfer the gold extracted in the deposits of <a href="/wiki/Las_M%C3%A9dulas" title="Las Médulas">Las Médulas</a>, in the Leonese comarca of <a href="/wiki/El_Bierzo" title="El Bierzo">El Bierzo</a>, the route started from <a href="/wiki/Asturica_Augusta" title="Asturica Augusta">Asturica Augusta</a> (Astorga) to <a href="/wiki/Emerita_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Emerita Augusta">Emerita Augusta</a> (Mérida) and <a href="/wiki/Hispalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispalis">Hispalis</a> (Seville). </p><p>Centuries later, after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, mining was one of the factors that contributed to the economic development of the region. However, the production of iron, tin and tungsten decreased notably from the 1970s, while bituminous coal and anthracite mines were maintained thanks to the domestic demand for coal for thermal power plants. The economic reconversion that affected the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonese_mining_basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonese mining basin (page does not exist)">Leonese mining basin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palencia_mining_basin" title="Palencia mining basin">Palencian mining basin</a> during the 1980s and 1990s resulted in the closure of numerous mines, social impoverishment, with a sharp increase of unemployment and the beginning of a new migratory movement towards other Spanish regions. Despite the investments of the Mining Action Plan of the Junta de Castilla y León, traditional coal mining operations have entered into a severe crisis. </p> <dl><dt>Energy sources</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presa_de_Aldeadavila.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Presa_de_Aldeadavila.jpg/220px-Presa_de_Aldeadavila.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Presa_de_Aldeadavila.jpg/330px-Presa_de_Aldeadavila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Presa_de_Aldeadavila.jpg/440px-Presa_de_Aldeadavila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Aldead%C3%A1vila_Dam" title="Aldeadávila Dam">Aldeadávila Dam</a>, which with 1,146 MW is the most powerful in the country.</figcaption></figure> <p>Castile and León is a net producer of electric energy, with a generation/demand ratio in 2021 of 197% (27,016 GWh vs. 13,670 GWh).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the northern basin, in those of the Douro and Ebro rivers there are numerous hydroelectric plants that allow Castile and León to be one of the first autonomous communities producing electricity. Among others are those of Burguillo, Rioscuro, Las Ondinas, Cornatel, Bárcena, <a href="/wiki/Aldead%C3%A1vila_Dam" title="Aldeadávila Dam">Aldeadávila I and II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saucelle_Dam" title="Saucelle Dam">Saucelle I and II</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castro_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castro Dam (page does not exist)">Castro I and II</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villalcampo_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villalcampo Dam (page does not exist)">Villalcampo I and II</a>, Valparaíso and <a href="/wiki/Ricobayo_Dam" title="Ricobayo Dam">Ricobayo I and II</a>. </p><p>The total installed hydraulic power amounts to 3,979 MW<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref_duplicated_1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_duplicated_1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and annual production in 2010 was 5,739 GWH.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_duplicated_1_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_duplicated_1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only in the system <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saltos_del_Duero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saltos del Duero (page does not exist)">Saltos del Duero</a> there are more than 3000 MW installed. In this way, Castile and León is the first Spanish autonomous community in installed capacity and the second in production.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_duplicated_1_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_duplicated_1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nuclear power is 466 MW, having produced 3,579.85 GWh in 2009. The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Garo%C3%B1a_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Santa María de Garoña Nuclear Power Plant">only nuclear plant</a> in Castile and León on 1 August 2017, was definitively and irrevocably closed. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Spain" title="Nuclear power in Spain">Nuclear power in Spain</a></div> <p>The coal thermal produces around 16,956 GWh per year at the following plants: </p> <dl><dt>Thermal power stations in Castile and León</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Province </th> <th>Owner </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_power_station_of_Anllares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal power station of Anllares (page does not exist)">Thermal power station of Anllares</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo_del_Sil" title="Páramo del Sil">Páramo del Sil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">Province of León</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_Natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas Natural">Gas Natural Fenosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endesa" title="Endesa">Endesa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_power_station_of_Compostilla_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal power station of Compostilla II (page does not exist)">Thermal power station of Compostilla II</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cubillos_del_Sil" title="Cubillos del Sil">Cubillos del Sil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">Province of León</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Endesa" title="Endesa">Endesa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_power_station_of_La_Robla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal power station of La Robla (page does not exist)">Thermal power station of La Robla</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Robla" title="La Robla">La Robla</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">Province of León</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Fenosa" title="Unión Fenosa">Unión Fenosa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Velilla_Power_Plant" title="Velilla Power Plant">Velilla Power Plant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velilla_del_R%C3%ADo_Carri%C3%B3n" title="Velilla del Río Carrión">Velilla del Río Carrión</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Province of Palencia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iberdrola" title="Iberdrola">Iberdrola</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Spain" title="List of power stations in Spain">List of power stations in Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aldeavieja02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Aldeavieja02.jpg/220px-Aldeavieja02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Aldeavieja02.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Wind farm in the province of Ávila.</figcaption></figure> <p>The region stands out for the importance of the production of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>. Castile and León is the community that covers the largest proportion of its electricity demand through <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energies</a>: 82,9% in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-RenewableSpain2008_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RenewableSpain2008-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional hydroelectric power It has been added with force since the late 1990s and 2000 <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>, with more than 100 parks in operation and a production of 5,449 GWh in that same year. By provinces, it is at the top <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eolic_parks_of_Burgos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eolic parks of Burgos (page does not exist)">Burgos</a> with 46, and a total of 3,128 MW of installed power. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Spain" title="Renewable energy in Spain">Renewable energy in Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spain" title="Wind power in Spain">Wind power in Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Spain" title="Solar power in Spain">Solar power in Spain</a></div> <p>Among the non-renewable energies is also the <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> (194 MW of installed power) and fuel-diesel fuel (69 MW). </p><p>The provinces of Valladolid and Burgos are the most economically advanced regions, with a GDP per capita higher than the national average. Even so, the average GDP per capita of the community of Castile and León is slightly below than average, at 21,244 euros per inhabitant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_sector">Tertiary sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tertiary sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tourism">Tourism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_Alcazar_Segovia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Exterior_Alcazar_Segovia.jpg/220px-Exterior_Alcazar_Segovia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Exterior_Alcazar_Segovia.jpg/330px-Exterior_Alcazar_Segovia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Exterior_Alcazar_Segovia.jpg/440px-Exterior_Alcazar_Segovia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1074" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a> is one of the main receptors of tourism in the region, <a href="/wiki/World_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World heritage">world heritage</a> city as well as <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ávila, Spain">Ávila</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of its tourism highlights include the walls of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ávila, Spain">Ávila</a>, and the cathedrals of <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">Leon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg/220px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg/330px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg/440px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Las_M%C3%A9dulas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Las_M%C3%A9dulas" title="Las Médulas">Las Médulas</a>. A world heritage site, the landscape is the result of Roman mining techniques in what it was a gold-rich area in Antiquity.</figcaption></figure> <p>Castile and León has several cities whose Holy Week is considered to be of International Tourist Interest. Examples are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Week_in_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Week in León (page does not exist)">Holy Week in León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Salamanca" title="Holy Week in Salamanca">Holy Week in Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Valladolid" title="Holy Week in Valladolid">Holy Week in Valladolid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Zamora" title="Holy Week in Zamora">Holy Week in Zamora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region also has a wide network of <a href="/wiki/Paradores" title="Paradores">Paradores</a>, hotels of great quality that usually accommodate buildings of great historical value in privileged places to stimulate tourism in the area. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avila_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Avila_001.jpg/220px-Avila_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Avila_001.jpg/330px-Avila_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Avila_001.jpg/440px-Avila_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The city of Ávila is one of the places in Castile and León declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1988, the foundation <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Edades_del_Hombre" title="Las Edades del Hombre">Las Edades del Hombre</a></i> has been organizing various exhibitions of religious art in various parts of the national and international geography, highlighting for its interest the exhibitions held in Castile and León. The idea of carrying out these exhibitions was conceived in a chimney of <a href="/wiki/Alcazar%C3%A9n" title="Alcazarén">Alcazarén</a> with the writer <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Lozano" title="José Jiménez Lozano">José Jiménez Lozano</a> and the priest of Valladolid José Velicia. The first "Las Edades del Hombre" were held in the Church of Santiago Apóstol of Alcazarén, with a small exhibition of sacred paintings. Later, and with the support of important personalities, the first known exhibition was held among the public, which was that of Valladolid. In 2012 the initiative was developed under the name of <i>Monacatus</i> in the town of <a href="/wiki/O%C3%B1a" title="Oña">Oña</a>, being one of the most multitudinous editions with about 200 000 visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last sample so far has taken place in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Arévalo">Arévalo</a>, in 2013. With the title of <i>Credo</i>, the exhibition has revolved around the faith and has received more than 226 000 visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_trade_and_exports_abroad">Domestic trade and exports abroad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Domestic trade and exports abroad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The internal trade of Castile and León is concentrated in the sector of food, automotive, fabric and footwear. For foreign trade, according to the region, vehicles and car chassis are mainly exported in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%81vila" title="Province of Ávila">Province of Ávila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Palencia" title="Province of Palencia">Province of Palencia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Province of Valladolid</a>, tires in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Burgos" title="Province of Burgos">Province of Burgos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Province of Valladolid</a>, steel bars and slate manufactures in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Province of León">León</a>, beef in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salamanca" title="Province of Salamanca">Province of Salamanca</a>, pigs in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Segovia" title="Province of Segovia">Province of Segovia</a>, rubber manufactures in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Province of Soria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">goat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheep_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep meat">sheep meat</a>, together with wine, in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Zamora" title="Province of Zamora">Province of Zamora</a>. </p><p>Castile and León also exports a lot of wine, being <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Valladolid" title="Province of Valladolid">Province of Valladolid</a> the one that more bottles sells abroad. As regards imports, vehicles and their accessories, such as engines or tires, are in the lead. The Region also imports mainly products from France, Italy, United Kingdom, [Germany, [Portugal and the United States and exports mostly to the countries of the European Union and to Turkey, Israel and United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-07-07_Universidad_de_Salamanca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/2008-07-07_Universidad_de_Salamanca.jpg/220px-2008-07-07_Universidad_de_Salamanca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/2008-07-07_Universidad_de_Salamanca.jpg/330px-2008-07-07_Universidad_de_Salamanca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/2008-07-07_Universidad_de_Salamanca.jpg/440px-2008-07-07_Universidad_de_Salamanca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Façade of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a> created the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Universities</dt></dl> <ul><li>Public <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgos" title="University of Burgos">University of Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="University of León">University of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salamanca" title="University of Salamanca">University of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valladolid" title="University of Valladolid">University of Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Distance_Education" title="National University of Distance Education">National University of Distance Education</a></li></ul></li> <li>Private <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_%C3%81vila" title="Catholic University of Ávila">Catholic University of Ávila</a> (<i>Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes_European_University" title="Miguel de Cervantes European University">Miguel de Cervantes European University</a> (Valladolid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IE_University" title="IE University">IE University</a> (<i>Instituto de Empresa Universidad</i>, Segovia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Salamanca" title="Pontifical University of Salamanca">Pontifical University of Salamanca</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andenes_Alta_Velocidad_de_la_estaci%C3%B3n.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Andenes_Alta_Velocidad_de_la_estaci%C3%B3n.JPG/220px-Andenes_Alta_Velocidad_de_la_estaci%C3%B3n.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Andenes_Alta_Velocidad_de_la_estaci%C3%B3n.JPG/330px-Andenes_Alta_Velocidad_de_la_estaci%C3%B3n.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Andenes_Alta_Velocidad_de_la_estaci%C3%B3n.JPG/440px-Andenes_Alta_Velocidad_de_la_estaci%C3%B3n.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>High speed train in Palencia railway station.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Castilla y León has an extensive rail network, including the principal lines from <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>. The line from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> crosses the region, reaching the Portuguese frontier at <a href="/wiki/Fuentes_de_O%C3%B1oro" title="Fuentes de Oñoro">Fuentes de Oñoro</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>. <a href="/wiki/Astorga,_Spain" title="Astorga, Spain">Astorga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miranda_de_Ebro" title="Miranda de Ebro">Miranda de Ebro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponferrada" title="Ponferrada">Ponferrada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medina_del_Campo" title="Medina del Campo">Medina del Campo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> are all important railway junctions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Railways operate in several different gauges: <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">Iberian gauge</a> (<span class="nowrap">1,668 mm</span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">5 ft <span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">21</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in</span>)), <a href="/wiki/UIC_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="UIC gauge">UIC gauge</a> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>)) and <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railway">Narrow gauge</a> (<span class="nowrap">1,000 mm</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="nowrap">3 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>)). Except for some narrow-gauge lines, trains are operated by <a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a> on lines maintained by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrador_de_Infraestructuras_Ferroviarias_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (Spain) (page does not exist)">Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias</a> (ADIF); both of these are national, state-owned companies. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Narrow_gauge">Narrow gauge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Narrow gauge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><ul><li>León - <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>: Ferrocarril de La Robla, Europe's longest narrow-gauge line, operated by <a href="/wiki/Renfe_Feve" title="Renfe Feve">Renfe Feve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercedilla" title="Cercedilla">Cercedilla</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotos (page does not exist)">Cotos</a>: operated by Renfe</li> <li>Ponferrada - <a href="/wiki/Villablino" title="Villablino">Villablino</a>: operated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrocarril_MSP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrocarril MSP (page does not exist)">Ferrocarril MSP</a> under the Junta of Castile and León</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is also crossed by two major ancient routes:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>The Way of St. James, mentioned <a href="#Tourism">above</a> as a World Heritage Site, now a <a href="/wiki/Hiking_trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiking trail">hiking trail</a> and a motorway, from east to west.</li> <li>The Roman Via de la Plata ("Silver Way"), mentioned <a href="#Mining">above</a> in the context of mining, now a main road through the west of the region.</li></ul> <p>The road network is regulated by the Ley de carreteras 10/2008 de Castilla y León (Highway Law 10/2008 of Castile and León).<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilian-Leonese_cuisine" title="Castilian-Leonese cuisine">Castilian-Leonese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_church_buildings" title="List of oldest church buildings">List of oldest church buildings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Castilla y León</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[kasˈtiʎaj<span class="wrap"> </span>leˈon]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f9\/Es-es_castilla-y-leon_001.ogg\/Es-es_castilla-y-leon_001.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es-es castilla-y-leon 001.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Es-es_castilla-y-leon_001.ogg/Es-es_castilla-y-leon_001.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Es-es_castilla-y-leon_001.ogg" title="File:Es-es castilla-y-leon 001.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a>: <i lang="ast-ES">Castiella y Llión</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ast-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">[kasˈtjeʎa<span class="wrap"> </span>i<span class="wrap"> </span>ʎiˈoŋ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">Castela e León</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">[kasˈtɛlɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɪ<span class="wrap"> </span>leˈoŋ]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Treviño enclave is thought to have been Basque-speaking up to the 17th or 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, only about one quarter of the inhabitants had been born in the enclave,<sup id="cite_ref-estSocling_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estSocling-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while about half of them had been born in the Basque Country,<sup id="cite_ref-estSocling_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estSocling-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to recent demographic movements;<sup id="cite_ref-estSocling_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estSocling-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these movements are connected to the increase of Basque speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-estSocling_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estSocling-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSantamaría2019" class="citation web cs1">Santamaría, Rubén (5 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/espana/2019/09/04/castilla-leon-dos-reinos-ninguna-capital/00031567593370457875178.htm">"Castilla y León: dos reinos, pero ninguna capital"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Voz_de_Galicia" title="La Voz de Galicia">La Voz de Galicia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Voz+de+Galicia&rft.atitle=Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n%3A+dos+reinos%2C+pero+ninguna+capital&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Santamar%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Rub%C3%A9n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fnoticia%2Fespana%2F2019%2F09%2F04%2Fcastilla-leon-dos-reinos-ninguna-capital%2F00031567593370457875178.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf">"Contabilidad Regional de España"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.ine.es</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ine.es&rft.atitle=Contabilidad+Regional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.es%2Fprensa%2Fcre_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarretero1981" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carretero, Anselmo (1981-09-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/1981/09/18/espana/369612007_850215.html">"Los casos de Cantabria, la Rioja y Segovia"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615175704/https://elpais.com/diario/1981/09/18/espana/369612007_850215.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mayor (June 19, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2013/06/19/castillayleon/1371632533.html">"Unesco recognizes León as the worldwide cradle of parliamentarism"</a>, <i>El Mundo (newspaper)</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204045452/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2013/06/19/castillayleon/1371632533.html">archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo+%28newspaper%29&rft.atitle=Unesco+recognizes+Le%C3%B3n+as+the+worldwide+cradle+of+parliamentarism&rft.date=2013-06-19&rft.au=Mar%C3%ADa+R.+Mayor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Felmundo%2F2013%2F06%2F19%2Fcastillayleon%2F1371632533.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDíez_ModinoPardo_Fanjul2020" class="citation journal cs1">Díez Modino, José Manuel; Pardo Fanjul, Ana (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.usc.gal/index.php/rge/article/view/6959">"Despoblación, envejecimiento y políticas sociales en Castilla y León"</a>. <i>Revista Galega de Economía</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15304%2Frge.29.2.6959">10.15304/rge.29.2.6959</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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University of Castilla-La Mancha. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblioteca2.uclm.es/biblioteca/ceclm/websCECLM/transici%C3%B3n/PDF/03-02.%20Texto.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GrupoEdelweiss.com&rft.atitle=Grupo+Espeleologico+Edelweiss+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrupoedelweiss.com%2Fweb%2Findex.php%2Fprincipales-karst-mainmenu-49%2Fojo-guareainmenu-55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastilla_y_León_Junta2010" class="citation book cs1">Castilla y León Junta (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1026278787"><i>Castilla y León : las aguas minerales y termales : panorámica actual y perspectivas de futuro</i></a>. Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7840-851-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7840-851-1"><bdi>978-84-7840-851-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1026278787">1026278787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n+%3A+las+aguas+minerales+y+termales+%3A+panor%C3%A1mica+actual+y+perspectivas+de+futuro&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Instituto+Geol%C3%B3gico+y+Minero+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1026278787&rft.isbn=978-84-7840-851-1&rft.au=Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n+Junta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1026278787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVegaHoyosAldasoro1992" class="citation journal cs1">Vega, J. 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García de Pedraza: <i>LAS MONTAÑAS Y EL CLIMA. Notas relativas a la Cordillera Central</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACLIM-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACLIM_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAEMET" class="citation web cs1">AEMET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/publicaciones/Atlas-climatologico/Atlas.pdf">"Atlas climático ibérico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181337/http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/publicaciones/Atlas-climatologico/Atlas.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Epidemiology+and+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Where+do+people+live+longer+and+shorter+lives%3F+An+ecological+study+of+old-age+survival+across+4404+small+areas+from+18+European+countries&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=jech-2015-206827&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft.issn=1470-2738&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6304476%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26880296&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fjech-2015-206827&rft.aulast=Ribeiro&rft.aufirst=Ana+Isabel&rft.au=Krainski%2C+Elias+Teixeira&rft.au=Carvalho%2C+Marilia+S%C3%A1&rft.au=Pina%2C+Maria+de+F%C3%A1tima+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjech.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2Fearly%2F2016%2F01%2F06%2Fjech-2015-206827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIS-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIS_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIS_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentro_de_Investigaciones_Sociológicas_(Centre_for_Sociological_Research)2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas</i> (Centre for Sociological Research) (October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3260_3279/3263/Marginales/es3263mar_CyL.pdf">"Macrobarómetro de octubre 2019, Banco de datos - Document 'Población con derecho a voto en elecciones generales y residente en España, Castilla y León (aut.)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204180438/http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/3260_3279/3263/Marginales/es3263mar_CyL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=02005.px&L=0">the original</a> on 26 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poblaci%C3%B3n+extranjera+por+Nacionalidad%2C+comunidades%2C+Sexo+y+A%C3%B1o.&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fjaxi%2FTabla.htm%3Fpath%3D%2Ft20%2Fe245%2Fp08%2Fl0%2F%26file%3D02005.px%26L%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Martín1984" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez Martín, Miguel (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv.php?pid=bibliuned:Epos-84315660-E424-6903-3967-69ABCF73AC97&dsID=Documento.pdf">"Datos sobre el leísmo y laísmo de persona en el habla de la ciudad de Burgos"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Epos</i> (1). Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Educaci%C3%B3n_a_Distancia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia">Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia</a>: 169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5944%2Fepos.1.1984.9408">10.5944/epos.1.1984.9408</a> (inactive 2024-11-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epos&rft.atitle=Datos+sobre+el+le%C3%ADsmo+y+la%C3%ADsmo+de+persona+en+el+habla+de+la+ciudad+de+Burgos&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=169&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5944%2Fepos.1.1984.9408&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+Mart%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-spacio.uned.es%2Ffez%2Feserv.php%3Fpid%3Dbibliuned%3AEpos-84315660-E424-6903-3967-69ABCF73AC97%26dsID%3DDocumento.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hablas de Extremadura: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techpanga.com/fix-dictionary-app-keeps-popping-up/">Frontera Leonesa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430061047/https://techpanga.com/fix-dictionary-app-keeps-popping-up/">Archived</a> April 30, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvia_González_Goñi" class="citation web cs1">Silvia González Goñi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214814/http://www.sobrepenna.es/adobereader/sotoscueva_lenguaje2.pdf">"Apuntes sobre el habla de la Merindad de Sotoscueva (Burgos): léxico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Alcuentros</i>. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sobrepenna.es/adobereader/sotoscueva_lenguaje2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcuentros&rft.atitle=Apuntes+sobre+el+habla+de+la+Merindad+de+Sotoscueva+%28Burgos%29%3A+l%C3%A9xico&rft.pages=1&rft.au=Silvia+Gonz%C3%A1lez+Go%C3%B1i&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sobrepenna.es%2Fadobereader%2Fsotoscueva_lenguaje2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Basque)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/ikerketa_soziolinguistikoak/eu_def/adjuntos/trebinu.pdf">[1]</a>, Trebiñuko Enklabea - Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa 2012 (2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> González de Viñaspre, Roberto. (2007) <i>Trebiño. Claves para un contencioso inacabado</i>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-estSocling-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-estSocling_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-estSocling_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-estSocling_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-estSocling_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/ikerketa_soziolinguistikoak/es_def/adjuntos/trevino.pdf">Gobierno Vasco. Departamento de cultura. Enclave de Treviño: Estudio Sociolingüístico 2012 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscribano2007" class="citation web cs1">Escribano, S. (6 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elnortedecastilla.es/prensa/20070206/castilla_leon/junta-facilitara-diccionarios-inmigrantes_20070206.html">"La Junta facilitará diccionarios a los inmigrantes para aprender español"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Norte_de_Castilla" title="El Norte de Castilla">El Norte de Castilla</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Vocento" title="Grupo Vocento">Grupo Vocento</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Norte+de+Castilla&rft.atitle=La+Junta+facilitar%C3%A1+diccionarios+a+los+inmigrantes+para+aprender+espa%C3%B1ol&rft.date=2007-02-06&rft.aulast=Escribano&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnortedecastilla.es%2Fprensa%2F20070206%2Fcastilla_leon%2Fjunta-facilitara-diccionarios-inmigrantes_20070206.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LAW 1/1991 of 14 March, by which is created and regulates the region of El Bierzo. Date of the B.O.C.Y.L .: 20 March 1991 No. Bulletin: 55/1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081320/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=%2Ft43%2Fa011%2Fa1998%2Fdensidad%2Fa2008%2Fl0%2F&file=t10031.px&type=pcaxis&L=0">"Población superficie y densidad por CCAA y provincias"</a>. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t43/a011/a1998/densidad/a2008/l0/&file=t10031.px&type=pcaxis&L=0">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poblaci%C3%B3n+superficie+y+densidad+por+CCAA+y+provincias&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fjaxi%2Ftabla.do%3Fpath%3D%2Ft43%2Fa011%2Fa1998%2Fdensidad%2Fa2008%2Fl0%2F%26file%3Dt10031.px%26type%3Dpcaxis%26L%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=%2Ft20%2Fe244%2Favance%2Fp01%2Fl0%2F&file=01001.px&type=pcaxis&L=0">"Censos de Población y Viviendas 2011. Resultados nacionales por Comunidades autónomas y provincias"</a>. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224155901/https://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=%2Ft20%2Fe244%2Favance%2Fp01%2Fl0%2F&file=01001.px&type=pcaxis&L=0">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censos+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Viviendas+2011.+Resultados+nacionales+por+Comunidades+aut%C3%B3nomas+y+provincias&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fjaxi%2Ftabla.do%3Fpath%3D%252Ft20%252Fe244%252Favance%252Fp01%252Fl0%252F%26file%3D01001.px%26type%3Dpcaxis%26L%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/pob_xls/pobmun11.xls">"Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero de 2011"</a>. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917104840/https://www.ine.es/pob_xls/pobmun11.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cifras+oficiales+de+poblaci%C3%B3n+resultantes+de+la+revisi%C3%B3n+del+Padr%C3%B3n+municipal+a+1+de+enero+de+2011&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fpob_xls%2Fpobmun11.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bocyl.jcyl.es/boletines/2013/10/01/pdf/BOCYL-D-01102013-2.pdf">"Ley 7/2013, de 27 de septiembre, de Ordenación, Servicios y Gobierno del Territorio de la Comunidad de Castilla y León"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Boletín Oficial de Castilla y León">Boletín Oficial de Castilla y León</a> num. 189, of 1 October 2013</i>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Castile and León Regional Government">Junta de Castilla y León</a>, pp. 65222–65273, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1989-8959">1989-8959</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222455/http://bocyl.jcyl.es/boletines/2013/10/01/pdf/BOCYL-D-01102013-2.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+de+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n+num.+189%2C+of+1+October+2013&rft.atitle=Ley+7%2F2013%2C+de+27+de+septiembre%2C+de+Ordenaci%C3%B3n%2C+Servicios+y+Gobierno+del+Territorio+de+la+Comunidad+de+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n&rft.pages=65222-65273&rft.issn=1989-8959&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbocyl.jcyl.es%2Fboletines%2F2013%2F10%2F01%2Fpdf%2FBOCYL-D-01102013-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bocyl.jcyl.es/html/2015/05/04/html/BOCYL-D-04052015-1.do">"DISPOSICIÓN EN HTML BOCYL-D-04052015-1| BOLETÍN OFICIAL DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN"</a>. <i>bocyl.jcyl.es</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122181952/https://bocyl.jcyl.es/html/2015/05/04/html/BOCYL-D-04052015-1.do">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bocyl.jcyl.es&rft.atitle=DISPOSICI%C3%93N+EN+HTML+BOCYL-D-04052015-1%26%23124%3B+BOLET%C3%8DN+OFICIAL+DE+CASTILLA+Y+LE%C3%93N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbocyl.jcyl.es%2Fhtml%2F2015%2F05%2F04%2Fhtml%2FBOCYL-D-04052015-1.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeón" class="citation web cs1">León, Junta de Castilla y. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunicacion.jcyl.es/web/jcyl/Comunicacion/es/Plantilla100Detalle/1281372051501/_/1284483465801/Comunicacion">"La Junta presenta el primer borrador de unidades básicas de ordenación del territorio, abierto a aportaciones previas a la propuesta inicial para su tramitación"</a>. <i>www.comunicacion.jcyl.es</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052723/http://comunicacion.jcyl.es/web/jcyl/Comunicacion/es/Plantilla100Detalle/1281372051501/_/1284483465801/Comunicacion">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.comunicacion.jcyl.es&rft.atitle=La+Junta+presenta+el+primer+borrador+de+unidades+b%C3%A1sicas+de+ordenaci%C3%B3n+del+territorio%2C+abierto+a+aportaciones+previas+a+la+propuesta+inicial+para+su+tramitaci%C3%B3n&rft.aulast=Le%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Junta+de+Castilla+y&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comunicacion.jcyl.es%2Fweb%2Fjcyl%2FComunicacion%2Fes%2FPlantilla100Detalle%2F1281372051501%2F_%2F1284483465801%2FComunicacion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/03/30/spain-vox-castilla-y-leon-franco-new-law-fascism/">"Right-wing parties 'whitewash' Spain's fascist past with law erasing Franco dictatorship"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Right-wing+parties+%27whitewash%27+Spain%27s+fascist+past+with+law+erasing+Franco+dictatorship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F03%2F30%2Fspain-vox-castilla-y-leon-franco-new-law-fascism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariodecastillayleon.es/castilla-y-leon/240628/52248/blanco-descarta-ley-lgbti-castilla-leon-espera-ver-evoluciona-consolida-norma-nacional.html">"La Junta descarta una ley LGTBI en Castilla y León"</a>. 28 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Junta+descarta+una+ley+LGTBI+en+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n&rft.date=2024-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariodecastillayleon.es%2Fcastilla-y-leon%2F240628%2F52248%2Fblanco-descarta-ley-lgbti-castilla-leon-espera-ver-evoluciona-consolida-norma-nacional.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://segovia.es/area/participacion-ciudadana-transparencia-y-gobierno-abierto/entidades/asociacion-segoentiende">https://segovia.es/area/participacion-ciudadana-transparencia-y-gobierno-abierto/entidades/asociacion-segoentiende</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://espacioseguroburgos.org/">https://espacioseguroburgos.org/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.facebook.com/chiguitxslgtb/?locale=es_ES">https://www.facebook.com/chiguitxslgtb/?locale=es_ES</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/arcoavilalgtbiq/?hl=es">"Instagram"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instagram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Farcoavilalgtbiq%2F%3Fhl%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/awenlgtbileon/?hl=es">"Instagram"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instagram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fawenlgtbileon%2F%3Fhl%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.facebook.com/fundaciontriangulocyl/?locale=es_ES">https://www.facebook.com/fundaciontriangulocyl/?locale=es_ES</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://zorrillasfest.es/">https://zorrillasfest.es/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/yes/2021/03/13/emociona-ver-83-anos-persona-cambia-sexo/0003_202103SY13P8991.htm">"Marina Sáenz, primera catedrática transexual de España: «Emociona ver que a los 83 años una persona cambia de sexo»"</a>. 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marina+S%C3%A1enz%2C+primera+catedr%C3%A1tica+transexual+de+Espa%C3%B1a%3A+%C2%ABEmociona+ver+que+a+los+83+a%C3%B1os+una+persona+cambia+de+sexo%C2%BB&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavozdegalicia.es%2Fnoticia%2Fyes%2F2021%2F03%2F13%2Femociona-ver-83-anos-persona-cambia-sexo%2F0003_202103SY13P8991.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadenaser.com/castillayleon/2024/02/12/mas-del-80-de-los-ginecologos-en-castilla-y-leon-se-declaran-objetores-de-conciencia-para-no-realizar-interrupciones-del-embarazo-radio-castilla/">"Más del 80% de los ginecólogos en Castilla y León se declaran objetores de conciencia para no realizar interrupciones del embarazo"</a>. 12 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A1s+del+80%25+de+los+ginec%C3%B3logos+en+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n+se+declaran+objetores+de+conciencia+para+no+realizar+interrupciones+del+embarazo&rft.date=2024-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadenaser.com%2Fcastillayleon%2F2024%2F02%2F12%2Fmas-del-80-de-los-ginecologos-en-castilla-y-leon-se-declaran-objetores-de-conciencia-para-no-realizar-interrupciones-del-embarazo-radio-castilla%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417095003/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.rtvcyl.es2018" class="citation web cs1">www.rtvcyl.es (21 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121184710/http://www.rtvcyl.es/fichaNoticia.cfm/CASTILLA+Y+LE%C3%93N+/20090724/Paro/paro/sube/comunidad/5000/personas/segundo/trimestre/AC651A81-F7A8-1A70-5724B419635D9D2A">"Radio Televisión de Castilla y León"</a>. <i>rtvcyl.es</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtvcyl.es/fichaNoticia.cfm/CASTILLA+Y+LE%C3%93N+/20090724/Paro/paro/sube/comunidad/5000/personas/segundo/trimestre/AC651A81-F7A8-1A70-5724B419635D9D2A">the original</a> on 21 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rtvcyl.es&rft.atitle=Radio+Televisi%C3%B3n+de+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n&rft.date=2018-01-21&rft.au=www.rtvcyl.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtvcyl.es%2FfichaNoticia.cfm%2FCASTILLA%2BY%2BLE%25C3%2593N%2B%2F20090724%2FParo%2Fparo%2Fsube%2Fcomunidad%2F5000%2Fpersonas%2Fsegundo%2Ftrimestre%2FAC651A81-F7A8-1A70-5724B419635D9D2A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMundinteractivos" class="citation web cs1">Mundinteractivos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/01/25/castillayleon/1201254488.html">"El paro bajó en Castilla y León un 5% frente a un incremento nacional del 6,5 - elmundo.es"</a>. <i>www.ElMundo.es</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202033451/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/01/25/castillayleon/1201254488.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ElMundo.es&rft.atitle=El+paro+baj%C3%B3+en+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n+un+5%25+frente+a+un+incremento+nacional+del+6%2C5+-+elmundo.es&rft.au=Mundinteractivos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Felmundo%2F2008%2F01%2F25%2Fcastillayleon%2F1201254488.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/daco/daco42/daco4211/epapro0414.pdf">"Encuesta de población activa del cuarto trimestre 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">Instituto Nacional de Estadística</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190728043519/http://www.ine.es/daco/daco42/daco4211/epapro0414.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encuesta+de+poblaci%C3%B3n+activa+del+cuarto+trimestre+2014&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fdaco%2Fdaco42%2Fdaco4211%2Fepapro0414.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=de&pcode=tgs00010&plugin=1">"Regional Unemployment by NUTS2 Region"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202703/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=de&pcode=tgs00010&plugin=1">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+Unemployment+by+NUTS2+Region&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Ftgm%2Ftable.do%3Ftab%3Dtable%26init%3D1%26language%3Dde%26pcode%3Dtgs00010%26plugin%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091222182606/http://www.cajaespana.es/pubweb/decyle.nsf">"Fichas Municipales - 2008 DATOS ECONÓMICOS Y SOCIALES"</a>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cajaespana.es/pubweb/decyle.nsf">the original</a> on 22 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fichas+Municipales+-+2008+DATOS+ECON%C3%93MICOS+Y+SOCIALES&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cajaespana.es%2Fpubweb%2Fdecyle.nsf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Las 5000 mayores empresas", <i>Castilla y León Económica</i>, no. 153, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n+Econ%C3%B3mica&rft.atitle=Las+5000+mayores+empresas&rft.issue=153&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100831105824/http://www.castillayleoneconomica.es/ranking.html">"Ranking 2009 de las 5.000 mayores empresas de Castilla y León - year = 2010"</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.castillayleoneconomica.es/ranking.html">the original</a> on 31 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranking+2009+de+las+5.000+mayores+empresas+de+Castilla+y+Le%C3%B3n+-+year+%3D+2010&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.castillayleoneconomica.es%2Franking.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez_Sojo2022" class="citation web cs1">Rodríguez Sojo, José (5 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadenaser.com/nacional/2022/08/05/el-mapa-de-la-electricidad-en-espana-que-comunidades-producen-mas-energia-y-cuales-son-las-mayores-consumidoras-cadena-ser/">"El mapa de la electricidad en España: ¿qué comunidades producen más energía y cuáles son las mayores consumidoras?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">Cadena SER</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cadena+SER&rft.atitle=El+mapa+de+la+electricidad+en+Espa%C3%B1a%3A+%C2%BFqu%C3%A9+comunidades+producen+m%C3%A1s+energ%C3%ADa+y+cu%C3%A1les+son+las+mayores+consumidoras%3F&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez+Sojo&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadenaser.com%2Fnacional%2F2022%2F08%2F05%2Fel-mapa-de-la-electricidad-en-espana-que-comunidades-producen-mas-energia-y-cuales-son-las-mayores-consumidoras-cadena-ser%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091222090915/http://www.energiasrenovables.ciemat.es/?pid=4000&id_seccion=8&tipo=noticias&id=1563">"La potencia instalada en energías renovables se multiplica por diez en los últimos ocho años"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energiasrenovables.ciemat.es/?pid=4000&id_seccion=8&tipo=noticias&id=1563">the original</a> on 22 December 2009. <q>The installed power in 2006 is distributed as follows: 3,979 megawatts in hydraulic, 2,707 in coal and 466 in nuclear</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+potencia+instalada+en+energ%C3%ADas+renovables+se+multiplica+por+diez+en+los+%C3%BAltimos+ocho+a%C3%B1os&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energiasrenovables.ciemat.es%2F%3Fpid%3D4000%26id_seccion%3D8%26tipo%3Dnoticias%26id%3D1563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref_duplicated_1-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ref_duplicated_1_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref_duplicated_1_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref_duplicated_1_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nortecastilla.es/v/20110108/economia/lluvia-megavatios-20110108.html">"Lluvia de megavatios"</a>, <i>El Norte de Castilla (newspaper)</i>, 2011, <q>Hydraulic production exceeded 5,739 Gwh in the region. By installed power, Castile and León is the leading Spanish region, with a total of 3,979 megawatts (MW) of power, ahead of Galicia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Norte+de+Castilla+%28newspaper%29&rft.atitle=Lluvia+de+megavatios&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nortecastilla.es%2Fv%2F20110108%2Feconomia%2Flluvia-megavatios-20110108.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091223094348/http://terranoticias.terra.es/articulo/html/av2233416.htm">"Iberdrola contrata con Izar mantenimiento central térmica Velilla"</a>. 2009-12-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://terranoticias.terra.es/articulo/html/av2233416.htm">the original</a> on December 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iberdrola+contrata+con+Izar+mantenimiento+central+t%C3%A9rmica+Velilla&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fterranoticias.terra.es%2Farticulo%2Fhtml%2Fav2233416.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RenewableSpain2008-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RenewableSpain2008_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213225408/http://www.ree.es/sistema_electrico/pdf/infosis/Inf_Sis_Elec_REE_2008_v2.pdf">"El sistema elécrtica español 08"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Red Eléctrica de España</i>. July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ree.es/sistema_electrico/pdf/infosis/Inf_Sis_Elec_REE_2008_v2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+El%C3%A9ctrica+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.atitle=El+sistema+el%C3%A9crtica+espa%C3%B1ol+08&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ree.es%2Fsistema_electrico%2Fpdf%2Finfosis%2FInf_Sis_Elec_REE_2008_v2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (August 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/castilla-y-leon">"Castilla y Leon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718093958/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/spain/castilla-y-leon">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Castilla+y+Leon&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fspain%2Fcastilla-y-leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBOE" class="citation web cs1">BOE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514185056/http://www.boe.es/aeboe/consultas/bases_datos/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2003-7514">"Publication in the BOE of the RESOLUTION of 14 March 2003, of the General Secretariat of Tourism, by which the title of "Festival of International Tourist Interest" is granted to Holy Week in Salamanca"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boe.es/aeboe/consultas/bases_datos/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2003-7514">the original</a> on 14 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publication+in+the+BOE+of+the+RESOLUTION+of+14+March+2003%2C+of+the+General+Secretariat+of+Tourism%2C+by+which+the+title+of+%22Festival+of+International+Tourist+Interest%22+is+granted+to+Holy+Week+in+Salamanca.&rft.au=BOE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Faeboe%2Fconsultas%2Fbases_datos%2Fdoc.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-2003-7514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/11/03/castillayleon/1351963961.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Monacatus' echa el cierre con 200.000 visitas y un gran impacto económico"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020237/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/11/03/castillayleon/1351963961.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Monacatus%27+echa+el+cierre+con+200.000+visitas+y+un+gran+impacto+econ%C3%B3mico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Felmundo%2F2012%2F11%2F03%2Fcastillayleon%2F1351963961.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Confidencial2013" class="citation web cs1">El Confidencial (15 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elconfidencial.com/ultima-hora-en-vivo/2013-12-15/el-presidente-de-la-fundacion-destaca-interes-de-las-edades-durante-25-anos_124679/">"El presidente de la Fundación destaca interés de "Las Edades" durante 25 años"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133747/http://www.elconfidencial.com/ultima-hora-en-vivo/2013-12-15/el-presidente-de-la-fundacion-destaca-interes-de-las-edades-durante-25-anos_124679/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+presidente+de+la+Fundaci%C3%B3n+destaca+inter%C3%A9s+de+%22Las+Edades%22+durante+25+a%C3%B1os&rft.date=2013-12-15&rft.au=El+Confidencial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fultima-hora-en-vivo%2F2013-12-15%2Fel-presidente-de-la-fundacion-destaca-interes-de-las-edades-durante-25-anos_124679%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACastile+and+Le%C3%B3n" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ha entrado en vigor la nueva Ley de carreteras de Castilla y León que regula la planificación, proyección, construcción, conservación, financiación, uso y explotación de las carreteras con itinerario comprendido íntegramente en el territorio de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León y que no sean de titularidad del Estado. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jcyl.es/scsiau/Satellite/up/es/Institucional/Page/PlantillaDetalleHome/1140103268858/Comunicacion/1230981973804/1140103268858?asm=jcyl">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429041210/http://www.jcyl.es/scsiau/Satellite/up/es/Institucional/Page/PlantillaDetalleHome/1140103268858/Comunicacion/1230981973804/1140103268858?asm=jcyl">Archived</a> 29 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Aragon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/23px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/35px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Asturias.svg/45px-Flag_of_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Balearic_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Cantabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cantabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/23px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/35px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg/46px-Bandera_Castilla-La_Mancha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/20px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/30px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg/39px-Flag_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Castile and León</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Extremadura%2C_Spain_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Galicia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Galicia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_La_Rioja_%28with_coat_of_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Region_of_Murcia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Murcia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/23px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/35px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bandera_de_Navarra.svg/45px-Bandera_de_Navarra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community_%282x3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="340" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/96px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/128px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous cities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/45px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5739#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5739#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5739#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121105918">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/312737617">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJktvKHrRHQG6brdHXCWjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4304450-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82074514">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12077178s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12077178s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35843930">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kastilie-León (Španělsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129548&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450552">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534123905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514583006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0611ced6-4fdf-4b28-ab9f-a57ae7be99e2">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029069076">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_León&oldid=1256990512">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Castile_and_León&oldid=1256990512</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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