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margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display:block;} .l_sidebar a:link,.l_sidebar a:visited, .middle_sidebar a:link, .middle_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:link{ /*color:#0183B2; old blue*/ color: #394244; font-size: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid lightgrey; /*word-spacing: -.3rem; */ } .new_subscription_block { font-family:"Muli", sans-serif ; background: #daf4fc; border-radius: 0rem; margin:4% 5% 4% 5%; padding: 5% 7% 5% 7%; line-height:150%; } .new_subscription_block p{ Font-Family:Lora; font-style:italic;} .new_subscription_block h3, h4 {font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; } .r_sub_con a:visited, .r_sub_con a:link, .new_subscription_block a:visited, .new_subscription_block a:link{ border-top: 0px ;} /* turn off links */ #clearfixheader { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; padding-top:0px; } .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a, .social_li a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: .2rem .8rem !important /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color:#1e3a4a } .social_li li{display:inline; margin-left:10px ;margin-left:1rem; margin-right:10px; margin-right:1rem;} .centerwrap ul {margin: 0px -1% 0px 0%} #navbar{ font-size: 1.6rem; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 400; _text-transform: uppercase; font-weight:bold; z-index:99; /*margin-top, margin-bottom: 0px !important; */ text-alignment:center; height:auto !important; text-align:justify; -ms-text-justify:distribute-all-lines; text-justify:distribute-all-lines; _letter-spacing:-.5px; color:#39AACF; margin-top: 0px; margin-left:0%; _margin-right:7% ; border-radius:0px; _background-color:rgba(118,154,172,.9); background-color:rgba(57, 170, 207, .85); min-width:245px; _width: 86%; width: 100%; } #navbar a{ _font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none; font-weight:bold; padding:0 12px; padding:0 1rem; padding-top: 2px; text-decoration:none; letter-spacing: .1px; color: white; _font-family: Helvetica; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 2.2rem; padding-top: 3px; } .nav ul, .socmedia ul {text-align:center} /*#nav{list-style-type:none;} */ /* #nav li{display:inline;float:left;list-style-type:none} #nav .stretch { display: inline-block; width: 100%; *display: inline; zoom: 1 } */ /*icons by https://www.entypo.com/*/ .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a,.social a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: 0 .8rem !important; /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color: white; /*#1e3a4a */ } /* might work to space out items more nav li:before { margin-left: 3px} */ #search-old2{ display: inline-block!important; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; float: none!important; width: 115px!important; font-family: font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,serif !important; background-color: #1497c2; text-align: left !important; font-weight: normal!important; } #search-old2 form{background:none!important; width:110px; height:100%; margin-top:2px !important; padding:0px} /* this indents widget */ .contentwrapper ul li li{ text-indent: -1.1rem; } .contentwrapper a, a:visited, a:hover{font-size: inherit; } /* 1.6rem; shouldnt this just inherit */ .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul, .r_sidebar ul li { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*shading boxes around ads + contact info*/ .r_sidebar .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{background: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 0rem; } /*#bdbec2 */ .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{text-align:left; padding: 10px 18px 10px 18px; margin:12px -4px 0px -4px;} .box { border: .2rem solid black; font-size: 4rem; border-radius:2px;} .lightbox {border: .1rem solid grey ;} _colorcontrast {background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); margin: 0px; border-right: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-radius: 8px;} .tagline { text-align:left ; font-size:13px; font-size:1.3hw; line-height:100%; margin:0; margin-top: 6px; /* color:white !important; */ margin-left:6px; padding:2px; color:#4a7d96; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #tagline_container{ max-width:335px; width:100%; margin-top: 50px; margin-left: 21px; } _ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:3.5%; margin-right:4.3%;} #ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:7%; margin-right:4%; margin-top:3px;} #logocontainer{width:auto; float:left; margin-left:0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width:40%; } #big_logo { /* margin-left: 25%; max-width: 7%; transform: scale(8); float: left; width:100%; max-height: 10%; */ } #big_logo{ transform: scale(8); max-height:10%; max-width:325px; float: left !important; text-align: left; width: 100%; } #logo_container { width: 100%; float: left; z-index: -40; /* overflow: visible; */ max-width: 600px; max-height: 200px; min-width: 140px; margin-left: 20px; height: auto; min-height: 40px; margin-top: 0px; _background-image: url(/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/openculture_banner.png); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-width:80vw;; /*css3 viewport setting */ } .left { /* border: 2px dashed #f0f; */ text-align:left; _min-height:40px; height:auto; _margin-top: 45px; margin-left: 0px; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo-with-stacked-tagline.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo-with-tagline.svg") no-repeat; background-size: contain; max-width:600px; min-width:90px; overflow:hidden; _background-position-y:0px; _background-position-x:0px; background-position-x: center !important; background-position-y: center !important; z-index:200; } .right { float: right; _width: 740px; /*min-height: 25px;*/ margin-left: 2.5%; padding-left: 0px; margin-right: 20px ; padding-right:0px; /* border: 2px dashed #00f; */ position:relative; z-index:200; } .top{} .bottom{ background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background-size: contain; background-size: revert-layer; min-height:80px; /* border: 2px dashed green; */ clear:both; padding-top:8px; _margin: 4px 10px 0 10px; _background-position-y: 0px; /* min-height: 65px; */ clear: both; background-position-x: center; background-position-y:center; padding-top: 0px; margin: 2px 1rem 0px 1rem; /* height: 90px; */ _min-height: 110px; } #footerW{ right: 0; left: 0; position: relative; padding: 0; overflow:hidden;} .clear {clear:both;} .logo_clickable { position:absolute; width:100%; height:100%; top:0; left: 0; z-index: 50; _position:absolute; /* fixes overlap error in IE7/8, make sure you have an empty gif */ _background-image: url('empty.gif'); } .socialblock li {top: 2px;} .social-mail a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .social-mail-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-black.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-facebook-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-rss-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-mail a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a:hover { background: url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search :hover {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} /* override images that we dont want to go to margin */ .contentmiddle img.noexpand, .contentmiddle p img.noexpand, .contentmiddle img[src$="feed-icon16x16139.png"],img[title|="noexpand"], .contentmiddle div.noexpand img, .contentmiddle div.noexpand p img , .begbox img, .ct_comment_info img, ct_this_is_spam img, ct_comment_info div{ width:initial !important; display: block !important; line-height: 100%; } .noexpand img {width:initial !important;} /*this seems to work more reliably than above */ .contentmiddle img.oneXone {width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important;} .contentmiddle img.noexpand.center{display:block !important; } #footer { color: white; width: 100%; /*margin:0 auto; */ margin-bottom:100px; padding:28px 0 0 0px; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; font-weight:400; clear:both; display:inline-block; } .framearound_ad_in_post{margin: .6rem 0px 2.4rem 0px; height:auto;max-height:120px; width:100%;padding:0px; border: 2px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:8px;min-height:3rem; } .advertisement_notice{text-align:center; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant:small caps; color: #0183b2;} .begbox{color:white;width:100%;display:inline-block; background: #36b0d8; margin-left: -4px; padding: 0; font-family: Lora, "Lora", Times, serif;font-style:normal} .begbox img { width:250px ; margin: 8px auto} .begbox p, .begbox div {margin: 1em 0px 0 12px} .da_bottom {line-height:10%} .no-framearound_ad_in_post {padding-bottom: 25px; padding-top:15px; width: 100%} img.no-framearound_ad_in_post {width:100%} .responsive_belowheadline_ad{ height: 100%; display:inline-block; width:98%; min-height:70px; max-height:200px; margin-right:4px; padding-bottom: 10px; } /*comment box */ div.cbInner {background: #eaebe8; border-radius:8px ;} div.cbInner h5 {color: #000;} .comments {color:#000:;} /*bullets*/ /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars*/ /*.contentwrapper ul li li, */ .r_sidebar a:link,.r_sidebar a:visited,.r_sidebar a:hover,.middle_sidebar a:link,.middle_sidebar a:visited,.middle_sidebar a:hover{ font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: inherit; } .contentmiddle a:link, .contentwrapper a {text-decoration:none; } .l_sidebar ul li a:hover, .middle_sidebar ul li a:hover, .r_sidebar ul li a:hover, .contentmiddle a:hover { text-decoration:underline} #footer ul li {line-height:130%; list-style:none;} #footer ul li a:link {color:white; font-size:1.6rem; text-decoration:none;} #footer ul li a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .l_sidebar li a, .r_sidebar li a, .middle_sidebar li a{ /*display:block; */ /*OC-typography.png */ text-decoration:none; padding-left: 1em; /*font-style:italic;*/ font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; _font-style:bold; font-weight:400; color:#394244; } .widgettitle{ _border-top-width: 1px; _border-top-style: dotted; _border-top-color: gray; font-family:"Lora", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; _font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 19px; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px ; margin: 8px 2px 2px 1px !important; /*color: #898477; */ letter-spacing: -.5px; } .widgetbox ul,.widget_categories ul, .widget_archive ul { border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc ; padding-bottom: 30px !important; display:block;} .widgetbox li a, .widget_categories li a, .widget_archive li a {display:block;} .recent_post{ border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc; padding: 0 0 30px 0px; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height:150%; overflow:hidden; } .noborder, .middle_sidebar.noborder:link, div.noborder a {border-top: 0px white !important;} .contentmiddle ul li a{} /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars* .contentwrapper ul li li,*/ .contentmiddle li, .r_sidebar li, .l_sidebar li, .middle_sidebar li { /* background:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFALMJANTPvq2ok8rGs8C8qMXBrrKtmLeynufj0+Pezvby4wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAkALAAAAAAFAAUAQAQQcByCkqQpCQPCKYiBfCESAQA7) no-repeat 0 10px; */ list-style-type:none; zoom:1; margin-left: .8em; zoom: 1; padding-left: .2em; margin-bottom: .3em; line-height:1.9rem; } .contentmiddle ul li li :before , .r_sidebar ul li li :before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, .l_sidebar ul li li :before { /*content: "\25B8"; */ float:left; padding-right:1rem; font-style:normal;} .contentmiddle ul li li li :before {content:none;} .contentmiddle ul li {list-style-type: none; padding-right:.8rem; padding-bottom: .4rem; font-style:normal;} /*set general padding for Ul lists */ .contentwrapper ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 10px 0; background:none; } .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*titles in widgets*/ .widgettitle, ul.l_sidebar li h2, ul.r_sidebar li h2, ul.middle_sidebar li h2, .middle_sidebar li h2 { font-weight:normal; padding:3px; margin:2px 2px 2px 1px; _font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-family:Lora; color:#fc621f letter-spacing:-.5px; list-style-type:none; background: none !important; font-size: 1.9rem; } .r_sidebar ul {margin-left:-.6rem;} .middle_sidebar ul{ margin-top:1.2rem; margin-left:-1.1rem;} .middle_sidebar ul li {background:none } .contentmiddle li {background: none no-repeat 0 10px; list-style-type:none; zoom:1; /*margin-left: .8rem; */ zoom: 1; padding-left: .2rem; margin-bottom: 0rem; } /* turn off bullets on headers */ .contentwrapper ul {background:none;} /*lists inside lists */ .contentmiddle ul li li {margin-bottom:0rem; margin-left:5rem; list-style-type: none; } .contentwrapper ul {content:"";} .contentmiddle ul li li:before, .contentmiddle ul li:before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, /*put right triangle before bullets */ .middle_sidebar ul li li, .r_sidebar ul li li, .l_sidebar ul li li {line-height:inherit;} // Variables @colorBase: #394244; .transition (@prop: all, @time: 1s, @ease: linear) { -webkit-transition: @prop @time @ease; -moz-transition: @prop @time @ease; -o-transition: @prop @time @ease; -ms-transition: @prop @time @ease; transition: @prop @time @ease; } .universal-inline-block { display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; } /* horizontal buttons */ div .social-icons2 { text-align: center; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-weight: 300; font-size: 1.5em; color: @colorBase; _margin: -2% -8% -2% -14%; } .social-icons2 ul { margin: 0; _padding: 0; list-style-type: none; text-align: center; } .social-icons2 ul li { _padding: 0px 8px 0px 6px; display:inline-block; text-indent:0; margin: 0px -4px 0px -4px;} .social-icons2 ul li a { text-decoration: none; _padding: .1rem .8rem; color: #fff; } .social-icons2-altmargin ul li {padding: 0 20px;} .social-icons2 ul li a:hover{ color: #1497c2; } .margin_left_10 {margin-left:-10px;} .white_background {background-color:white;} .oc-center, .oc-center img { width:100% ; max-width:100% !important; margin:0 auto; display:block; text-align:center;} .oc-center-da, .oc-center-da img, .oc-center-da object, .oc-center-da img { max-width: 100% !important; width: 100% !important; margin:0 auto; display: block; text-align:center;} /*fix expanding captcha refresh */ #fscf_captcha_refresh1 {width: 24px;height: 24px;} .oc-video-container { position: relative; _padding-bottom: 63.25%; padding-bottom:54%; padding-top: 10px; height: 0; } a.mashicon-reddit{background-color: darkred;} /* allow for override of img resizer */ .contentmiddle div.oc-no-resize-center img{ width: inherit !important; margin 0 auto; float:left} /*#footer img{width:inherit!important ;} */ /*footer stuff */ #flexcanvas{ width: 100%; max-width:100%; _height: 600px !important; margin-left: 3px; } .rowParent, .columnParent{ display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-flex-wrap: nowrap; -ms-flex-wrap: nowrap; flex-wrap: nowrap; -webkit-box-pack: start; -webkit-justify-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; -webkit-align-content: stretch; -ms-flex-line-pack: stretch; align-content: stretch; -webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-align-items: stretch; -ms-flex-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; } .columnParent{ -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .flexChild{ -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; flex: 1; -webkit-align-self: auto; -ms-flex-item-align: auto; align-self: auto; margin:1px; font-size:1.3rem; /*border: 1px dotted #d1ccbc */ } .flexChild ul, .flexChild ul li {margin-left:-1.2rem;} .rowChild85696 {padding:1.8rem; margin-bottom:1.4rem} .rowChild9255 {margin:0px;} .minustopbottommargin20{margin-top:-20px !important; margin-bottom:-20px !important;} .minustopbottommargin40{margin-top:-40px !important; margin-bottom:-40px !important;} .minustopmargin20{margin-top:-20px !important;} .minustopmargin40{margin-top:-40px !important;} .curatedcategory ul li { text-decoration: none; list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; margin-left:1.0rem; line-height: 140%;} .curatedcategory ul {margin-left: 1.2rem;} .curatedcategory h2 {margin-left:1.0rem;} .curatedcategory h2 a {font-variant:small-caps;} .contentmiddle ol {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;} .contentmiddle ol li {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;line-spacing:120%;margin-bottom:.8rem;} input[type=search] { -moz-appearance:none; -webkit-appearance:none; } .sb-search { position: relative; color:#fff; border:none; width: 20px; width: 0%; min-width: 24px; min-height: 2.4rem; float: right; height:100%; overflow: hidden; -webkit-transition: width 0.3s; -moz-transition: width 0.3s; transition: width 0.6s; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } .sb-search-input, input[type="search"] { position: absolute; top: -6px; right: 0px; border: none; outline: none; margin-right:24px; width: 100%; height: 88%; min-height:2.5rem; _margin: 8px 2px 8px 2px; z-index: 25; _padding: 4px 65px 4px 20px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.8rem; color: white; background-color:#1497c2; } input[type="search"] {background-color:#1497c2;} .sb-icon-search, .sb-search-submit { display:block; position: absolute; border:none; right: 0; top: 0; float: right; padding: 0; _margin: 0; _line-height: 24px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-color:#fff; _background-color:#1497c2; _height:1.9rem; color:white; width: 1.6rem; height: 2.3rem; _margin-top: 6px; } .sb-search-submit { background: #fff; /* IE needs this */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)"; /* IE 8 */ filter: alpha(opacity=0); /* IE 5-7 */ opacity: 0; color: transparent; border: none; outline: none; z-index: -1; width: 100%; } /*.sb-icon-search{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} */ .sb-icon-search{ color:white; background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat; background-position-y:center; background-margin-y:4px;} li.search-popout {_display:none; top:.8rem;} .sb-search form {min-height:20px;} input[type=text].sb-search-input,textarea.sb-search-input {background-color:#1497c2; color:#FFF;} #navbar :after {clear:both;} /* fix placeholder color */ ::-webkit-input-placeholder { /* WebKit, Blink, Edge */ color: #fff; } :-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 4 to 18 */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } ::-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 19+ */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } :-ms-input-placeholder { /* Internet Explorer 10-11 */ color: #fff; } .sb-search.sb-search-open, .no-js .sb-search { width: 100%; min-width:300px; min-width: 75vw; margin-left: -10vw; overflow:visible;; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-icon-search, .no-js .sb-search .sb-icon-search { z-index: 11; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-search-submit, .no-js .sb-search .sb-search-submit { z-index: 90; } .negativetopmargin50 {margin-top:-50px;} .negativetopmargin40 {margin-top:-40px;} .negativetopmargin20 {margin-top:-20px;} .bulleted, .bulleted ul {list-style-type: disc;} .bulleted ul li, .contentmiddle.p1 ul li, .p1 li, .contentmiddle li,.contentmiddle.p1 ul li,.entry ul li, .entry ul {list-style-type: disc;} #last, .last a, .li a last {color:black !important;} .cli-bar-message {font-family:Lora,"Lora",Times,serif;} .addtoany_shortcode div {margin-top: 14px;} /*Step 5 aesthetic tweaks, including column width changes*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { body { margin-top:1rem !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:1024px) and (min-width:930px){ body { _font-size:88%; margin-top: 15px;} ul li#K-12{display:inline} .contentmiddle{width:54%!important} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:30px !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper { margin-left:.2rem; margin-top: 4rem !important;} #navbar {margin-top: -2rem !important;width:100%;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin: 0 3% 0 3% !important; width:93% !important;} .contentwrapper {width: 94% !important; margin: 6px 1rem 0 1rem !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} } @media only screen and (max-width:929px) and (min-width:890px){ #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:65px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:891px) and (min-width:821px){ /* less than 891 px, more than 821, run all three ads */ .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} html{margin-top:45px;;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:60px !important;} /* #wrap{margin-top:100px !important;}*/ /* .left{background: 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data-ad-slot="1279265463" data-ad-format="auto"></ins><br> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1121000" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/jean-michel-basquiats-creative-process.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Jean-Michel Basquiat’s Creative Process: A Look Inside the Books & Techniques That Allowed His Art to Flow"> Jean-Michel Basquiat’s Creative Process: A Look Inside the Books & Techniques That Allowed His Art to Flow </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a> </em> | November 29th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1121000" class="post-1121000 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-art"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/8G9pnE0bnfE?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>The story of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a> has its unfortunate aspects: not just his premature death, but also the aggressive marketing of his work and persona in the years leading up to it. He became a vogue artist of the eighties in part because he could be taken as an unfiltered voice of the street, crafting his outsider-artistic visions on pure, untutored impulse. But despite genuinely having come from a poor, troubled background — and lived according to what seems to have been a strong anti-academic inclination — Basquiat’s professional development was much more serious and deliberate than many of his buyers could have imagined.</p> <p>“At the beginning of his career, Basquiat went out and bought two books,” says the narrator of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8G9pnE0bnfE">the <em>Make Art Not Content</em> video above</a>, “two books that would inform all of his work.” One was Henry Dreyfuss’ <a href="https://amzn.to/4i3evzv"><em>Symbol Sourcebook: An Authoritative Guide to International Graphic Symbols</em></a>, which “would end up providing source material for almost all of the 1,500 drawings and 600 paintings that he left behind.”</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>The other was Robert Farris Thompson’s <a href="https://amzn.to/4fNTZ4j"><em>Flash of the Spirit: Afro-American Art & Philosophy</em></a>, which gave him a “guiding ideology” to get him past the inevitable artistic roadblocks: he could always return to “the under-representation of black art in the established art world,” and “when you have a message, art comes out of you easily.”</p> <p>But Basquiat also had the advantage of being able to work very quickly indeed, which is what brought him to the attention of <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/04/the_odd_couple_jean-michel_basquiat_and_andy_warhol_1986.html">Andy Warhol</a>: “When one of the most prolific artists of all time is jealous of your speed, you know you’re doing something right.” Thinking too much interrupts your flow, but if you create as fast as you can, thoughts won’t have a chance to intrude. And remember, “most of the flow that you will have while making art will come from all the things you are doing when you are not making art.” Sadly, Basquiat died before the age of the internet — but if he hadn’t, you can bet he’d be spending his downtime absorbing something more interesting than social media.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/06/the-revolutionary-paintings-of-jean-michel-basquiat-a-video-essay.html">The Revolutionary Paintings of Jean-Michel Basquiat: A Video Essay</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/03/an-animated-introduction-to-chaotic-brilliance-of-jean-michel-basquiat.html">An Animated Introduction to the Chaotic Brilliance of Jean-Michel Basquiat: From Homeless Graffiti Artist to Internationally Renowned Painter</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/09/what-makes-basquiats-untitled-great-art.html">What Makes Basquiat’s <em>Untitled</em> Great Art: One Painting Says Everything Basquiat Wanted to Say About America, Art & Being Black in Both Worlds</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/05/the-story-of-jean-michel-basquiat-told-in-a-new-graphic-novel.html">The Story of Jean-Michel Basquiat’s Rise in the 1980s Art World Gets Told in a New Graphic Novel</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/04/the_odd_couple_jean-michel_basquiat_and_andy_warhol_1986.html">The Odd Couple: Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol, 1986</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/12/take-a-close-look-at-basquiats-revolutionary-art-in-a-new-500-page-book.html">Take a Close Look at Basquiat’s Revolutionary Art in a New 500-Page, 14-Pound, Large Format Book by Taschen</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, </em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/"> M</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">a</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">rshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a><em> and the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles. <em>Follow him on the social network formerly known as Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinm</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">a</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">rshall</a>.</em></p> <p> </p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/jean-michel-basquiats-creative-process.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/jean-michel-basquiats-creative-process.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/jean-michel-basquiats-creative-process.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1120988" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-most-iconic-hip-hop-sample-of-every-year-1973-2023.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Most Iconic Hip-Hop Sample of Every Year (1973–2023)"> The Most Iconic Hip-Hop Sample of Every Year (1973–2023) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | November 29th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1120988" class="post-1120988 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history category-music"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/hIGNaDk9eIA?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Hip-hop was once a subculture, but by now it’s long since been one of the unquestionably dominant forms of popular music — not just in America, and not just among young people. There are, of course, still a fair few hip-hop holdouts, but even they’ve come to know a thing or two about it through cultural osmosis alone. They’re aware, for example — whether or not they approve of it — that rappers usually perform over music constructed through sampling: that is, stitched together out of pieces of other songs. If you’re not sure how it works, you can see the process clearly visualized in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIGNaDk9eIA">the video above</a> from sample provider Tracklib.</p> <p>Offering a breakdown of sampling as it’s happened through “fifty years of hip-hop,” the video begins even before the genre really took shape, in 1973. It was then that DJ Kool Herc developed what he called “the ‘Merry-Go-Round’ Technique,” an early example of which involved using dual turntables to switch back and forth between the instrumental breaks of James Brown’s “Give It Up or Turnit a Loose” and the Incredible Bongo Band’s “Bongo Rock.” The original idea was to give dancers more time to do their thing, but when the MCs picked up their microphones and started getting creative, a new music took shape almost immediately.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Mainstream America got its first taste of hip-hop in 1979, with the release of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcCK99wHrk0">“Rapper’s Delight”</a> by the Sugarhill Gang. In its repeating rhythm part, many would have recognized Chic’s “Good Times,” which actually wasn’t a sample but an interpolation, i.e. a re-recording. This drew a lawsuit — hardly the last of its kind in hip-hop — but it also set thousands of DJs-to-be digging through their record collections in search of usable breaks. Disco proved a fount of inspiration for early hip-hop, but so did jazz and even electronic music, as demonstrated by Afrika Bambaataa and the Soul Sonic Force’s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9J3lwZjHenA">“Planet Rock,”</a> which sampled Kraftwerk’s “Trans-Europe Express.”</p> <p>As sampling goes, nothing is artistically off-limits; in some sense, the less immediately recognizable, the better. With the evolution of audio editing technology, hip-hop artists have long gone even further in making these borrowed clips their own by slowing them down; speeding them up; chopping them into pieces and rearranging them; and layering them one atop another. This sometimes causes problems, as when the difficulty of licensing De La Soul’s many and varied source materials <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/03/hear-de-la-souls-highly-acclaimed-influential-hip-hop-albums-streaming-free-for-the-first-time.html">kept their catalog out of official availability</a>. Along with A Tribe Called Quest, also featured in this video, De La Soul are, of course, known as hip-hop groups beloved by music nerds. But if you seriously break down any major work of hip-hop, you’ll find that all its artists are music nerds at heart.</p> <p>via <a href="https://kottke.org/23/08/the-most-iconic-hip-hop-sample-of-every-year-1973-2023">Kottke</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/01/a-brief-history-of-sampling.html">A Brief History of Sampling: From the Beatles to the Beastie Boys</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/04/how-sampling-transformed-music-and-created-new-tapestries-of-sound.html">How Sampling Transformed Music and Created New Tapestries of Sound: An Interactive Demonstration by Producer/DJ Mark Ronson</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/the_amen_break_the_most_famous_6-second_drum_loop_how_it_spawned_a_sampling_revolution.html">The “Amen Break”: The Most Famous 6‑Second Drum Loop & How It Spawned a Sampling Revolution</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/11/the-surprisingly-long-history-of-auto-tune.html">The Surprisingly Long History of Auto-Tune, the Vocal-Processing Technology Music Critics Love to Hate</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/12/hear-every-sample-on-the-beastie-boys-acclaimed-album-pauls-boutique-and-discover-where-they-came-from.html">Hear Every Sample on the Beastie Boys’ Acclaimed Album, <em>Paul’s Boutique </em>– and Discover Where They Came From</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/03/hear-de-la-souls-highly-acclaimed-influential-hip-hop-albums-streaming-free-for-the-first-time.html">Hear De La Soul’s Highly Acclaimed & Influential Hip-Hop Albums Streaming Free for the First Time</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, </em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/"> M</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">a</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">rshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a><em> and the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles. <em>Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinm</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">a</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">rshall</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-most-iconic-hip-hop-sample-of-every-year-1973-2023.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-most-iconic-hip-hop-sample-of-every-year-1973-2023.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-most-iconic-hip-hop-sample-of-every-year-1973-2023.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1120990" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-illustrated-version-of-alices-restaurant.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Illustrated Version of “Alice’s Restaurant”: Watch Arlo Guthrie’s Thanksgiving Counterculture Classic"> The Illustrated Version of “Alice’s Restaurant”: Watch Arlo Guthrie’s Thanksgiving Counterculture Classic </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | November 27th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1120990" class="post-1120990 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-music"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/W5_8U4j51lI?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Alice’s Restaurant. It’s now a Thanksgiving classic, and something of a tradition around here. Recorded in 1967, the 18+ minute counterculture song recounts Arlo Guthrie’s real encounter with the law, starting on Thanksgiving Day 1965. As the long song unfolds, we hear all about how a hippie-bating police officer, by the name of <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/14/obituaries/william-j-obanhein-alice-s-restaurant-lawman-69.html">William “Obie” Obanhein</a>, arrested Arlo for littering. (Cultural footnote: Obie previously posed for several Norman Rockwell paintings, including the well-known painting, <a href="http://www.artchive.com/artchive/r/rockwell/rockwell_runaway.jpg">“The Runaway,”</a> that graced a <a href="http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2012/05/08/archives/a-fond-farewell-to-an-iconic-policeman.html">1958 cover of </a><em><a href="http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2012/05/08/archives/a-fond-farewell-to-an-iconic-policeman.html">The Saturday Evening Post</a></em>.) In fairly short order, Arlo pleads guilty to a misdemeanor charge, pays a $25 fine, and cleans up the thrash. But the story isn’t over. Not by a long shot.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Later, when Arlo (son of Woody Guthrie) gets called up for the draft, the petty crime ironically becomes a basis for disqualifying him from military service in the Vietnam War. Guthrie recounts this with some bitterness as the song builds into a satirical protest against the war: “I’m sittin’ here on the Group W bench ’cause you want to know if I’m moral enough to join the Army, burn women, kids, houses and villages after bein’ a litterbug.” And then we’re back to the cheery chorus again: “You can get anything you want, at Alice’s Restaurant.”</p> <p>We have featured Guthrie’s classic during past years. But, for this Thanksgiving, we give you the illustrated version. As a sad post script, Alice Brock, the owner of Alice’s Restaurant–<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/22/arts/music/alice-brock-dead.html">died last week at the age of 83</a>.</p> <p><em>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/newsletter-signup">please find it here</a>. It’s a great way to see our new posts, all bundled in one email, each day.</em></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to support the mission of Open Culture, consider <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">making a donation to our site</a>. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">contributions</a> will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. You can contribute through <a href="https://www.openculture.com/help-fund-open-culture">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3eB2GRB">Patreon</a>, and Venmo (@openculture). Thanks!</span></i><i></i></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to The Story Behind “Alice’s Restaurant,” Arlo Guthrie’s Song That’s Now a Thanksgiving Tradition" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/11/the-story-behind-alices-restaurant-arlo-guthries-song-thats-now-a-thanksgiving-tradition.html" rel="bookmark">The Story Behind “Alice’s Restaurant,” Arlo Guthrie’s Song That’s Now a Thanksgiving Tradition</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to What Americans Ate for Thanksgiving 200 Years Ago: Watch Re-Creations of Recipes from the 1820s" href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/11/what-americans-ate-for-thanksgiving-200-years-ago.html" rel="bookmark">What Americans Ate for Thanksgiving 200 Years Ago: Watch Re-Creations of Recipes from the 1820s</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Read 900+ Thanksgiving Books Free at the Internet Archive" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/read-800-thanksgiving-books-free-at-the-internet-archive.html" rel="bookmark">Read 900+ Thanksgiving Books Free at the Internet Archive</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/william-s-burroughs-scathing-thanksgiving-prayer.html">William S. Burroughs’ Scathing “Thanksgiving Prayer,” Shot by Gus Van Sant</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Marilyn Monroe’s Handwritten Turkey-and-Stuffing Recipe" href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/11/marilyn-monroes-turkey-and-stuffing-recipe.html" rel="bookmark">Marilyn Monroe’s Handwritten Turkey-and-Stuffing Recipe</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to F. Scott Fitzgerald’s 13 Tips for What to Do with Your Leftover Thanksgiving Turkey" href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/11/f-scott-fitzgeralds-13-preposterous-ideas-for-your-leftover-turkey.html" rel="bookmark">F. Scott Fitzgerald’s 13 Tips for What to Do with Your Leftover Thanksgiving Turkey</a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-illustrated-version-of-alices-restaurant.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-illustrated-version-of-alices-restaurant.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/the-illustrated-version-of-alices-restaurant.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1120992" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/william-s-burroughs-scathing-thanksgiving-prayer.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to William S. Burroughs’ Scathing “Thanksgiving Prayer,” Shot by Gus Van Sant"> William S. Burroughs’ Scathing “Thanksgiving Prayer,” Shot by Gus Van Sant </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/literature" rel="category tag">Literature</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/poetry" rel="category tag">Poetry</a> </em> | November 27th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1120992" class="post-1120992 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-literature category-poetry"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/sLSveRGmpIE?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><a href="http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/modlang/carasi/thanksgivingprayer.htm">“Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 28, 1986”</a> first appeared in print in<em> <a href="https://amzn.to/3AH6mwt">Tornado Alley</a></em>, a chapbook published by William S. Burroughs in 1989. Two years later, Gus Van Sant (<em>Good Will Hunting</em>,<em> My Own Private Idaho</em>,<em> Milk</em>) shot a montage that brought the poem to film, making it at least the second time the director <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2011/04/gus_van_sant_adapts_william_s_burroughs_an_early_16mm_short.html">adapted the beat writer to film</a>.</p> <p>If you’ve seen Burroughs use <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2010/06/william_s_burroughs_shoots_shakespeare_.html">Shakespeare’s face for target practice</a>, or if you’ve watched <em><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2010/12/william_s_burroughs_claymation_christmas_film.html">The Junky’s Christmas</a>, </em>you’ll know that he wasn’t kind to convention or tradition. And there are no prisoners taken here, as you’ll see above.</p> <p>For background on Burroughs, read the <em>New Yorker</em> piece “<a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/03/the-outlaw">The Outlaw, The extraordinary life of William S. Burroughs</a>.” Find the text for “Thanksgiving Prayer” <a href="http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/modlang/carasi/thanksgivingprayer.htm">here</a>.</p> <p>Now time for a little Thanksgiving dinner.…</p> <p><em>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/newsletter-signup">please find it here</a>. It’s a great way to see our new posts, all bundled in one email, each day.</em></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to support the mission of Open Culture, consider <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">making a donation to our site</a>. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">contributions</a> will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. You can contribute through <a href="https://www.openculture.com/help-fund-open-culture">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3eB2GRB">Patreon</a>, and Venmo (@openculture). Thanks!</span></i><i></i></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to William S. Burroughs Tells the Story of How He Started Writing with the Cut-Up Technique" href="https://www.openculture.com/2011/08/william_s_burroughs_on_the_art_of_cutup_writing.html" rel="bookmark">William S. Burroughs Tells the Story of How He Started Writing with the Cut-Up Technique</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to How William S. Burroughs Influenced Rock and Roll, from the 1960s to Today" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/02/how-william-s-burroughs-influenced-rock-and-roll.html" rel="bookmark">How William S. Burroughs Influenced Rock and Roll, from the 1960s to Today</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to William S. Burroughs Teaches a Free Course on Creative Reading and Writing (1979)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/william-s-burroughs-lectures-on-creative-reading-and-writing.html" rel="bookmark">William S. Burroughs Teaches a Free Course on Creative Reading and Writing (1979)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to How William S. Burroughs Used the Cut-Up Technique to Shut Down London’s First Espresso Bar (1972)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/12/how-william-s-burroughs-shut-down-londons-first-espresso-bar-1972.html" rel="bookmark">How William S. Burroughs Used the Cut-Up Technique to Shut Down London’s First Espresso Bar (1972)</a></p> <p> </p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/william-s-burroughs-scathing-thanksgiving-prayer.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/william-s-burroughs-scathing-thanksgiving-prayer.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/william-s-burroughs-scathing-thanksgiving-prayer.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1120963" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/explore-and-download-14000-woodcuts-from-antwerps-plantin-moretus-museum-online-archive.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Explore and Download 14,000+ Woodcuts from Antwerp’s Plantin-Moretus Museum Online Archive"> Explore and Download 14,000+ Woodcuts from Antwerp’s Plantin-Moretus Museum Online Archive </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/archives" rel="category tag">Archives</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/books" rel="category tag">Books</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/design-2" rel="category tag">Design</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/museums" rel="category tag">Museums</a> </em> | November 27th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1120963" class="post-1120963 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-archives category-books category-design-2 category-history category-museums"> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120967 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1492" height="1132" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM.png" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM.png 1492w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-360x273.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-1024x777.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-240x182.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-768x583.png 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1492px) 100vw, 1492px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120967" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM.png" alt width="1492" height="1132" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM.png 1492w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-360x273.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-1024x777.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-240x182.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215127/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.50.29%E2%80%AFPM-768x583.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1492px) 100vw, 1492px"></noscript></p> <p>We appreciate illuminated manuscripts and historical books here on Open Culture, adhere though we do to a much more restrained aesthetic style in our own texts. But that’s not to deny the temptation to start this paragraph with one of those oversized initial letters that grew ever larger and more elaborate over centuries past. <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/all-woodcuts">The online archive of Antwerp’s Plantin-Moretus Museum</a> offers plenty of woodcut Ws to choose from, including designs <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/search(popup:asset/l1XSMXYoyVXPfLTfSS4uO9wZ)">sober</a> and <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/search(popup:asset/XqRnoW6ZWaTHRKsvLGTGkMUF)">barely legible</a>, as well as Ws that incorporate<a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/search(popup:asset/F1o9WeieuCQZnccjiQJvELuG)"> a sprouting plant</a>,<a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/search(popup:asset/X28dNRVVTjO7NTCeNmwzqorT)"> some kind of saint</a>, and even <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/search(popup:asset/cMqmNZeoUfMgSsmKWnVI2buC)">a scene of what looks like impending murder</a>.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120968 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1688" height="1146" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM.png" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM.png 1688w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-360x244.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-1024x695.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-240x163.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-768x521.png 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-1536x1043.png 1536w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1688px) 100vw, 1688px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120968" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM.png" alt width="1688" height="1146" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM.png 1688w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-360x244.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-1024x695.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-240x163.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-768x521.png 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26215857/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-9.58.23%E2%80%AFPM-1536x1043.png 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1688px) 100vw, 1688px"></noscript></p> <p>If you’re not in the market for fancy letters, you can also browse the <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/all-woodcuts">Plantin-Moretus woodcut archive</a> through the categories of <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/plants">plants</a>, <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/animals">animals</a>, and <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/sciences">sciences</a>. Some of these illustrations are technical, and others more fanciful; in certain cases, the centuries have probably rendered them less realistic-looking than once they were.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Not <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/all-woodcuts">all the more than 14,000 woodcuts</a> now in the archive would seem to fit neatly in one of those categories, but if you take a look at particular entries, you’ll find that the museum has also labeled them with more specific tags, like “<a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/search?tags=Classical%20antiquity">classical antiquity</a>,” “<a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/sciences(popup:asset/y1feukSACRQHXAdfOTndTrf1)">map/landscape</a>,” or “<a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/search?tags=aureole">aureole</a>” (the bright medieval-looking halo that marks a figure as holy).</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120969 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1356" height="920" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM.png" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM.png 1356w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-360x244.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-1024x695.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-240x163.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-768x521.png 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1356px) 100vw, 1356px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120969" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM.png" alt width="1356" height="920" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM.png 1356w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-360x244.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-1024x695.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-240x163.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220059/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.00.31%E2%80%AFPM-768x521.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1356px) 100vw, 1356px"></noscript></p> <p>All these woodcuts, in any case, have been made <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/all-woodcuts">free to download</a> (just click the cloud icon in the upper-right of the window that opens after you click on the image itself) and use as you please. Back in the sixteenth century, Christophe Plantin and Jan Moretus, for whom the Plantin-Moretus Museum was named, were well-placed to collect such things. <a href="https://museumplantinmoretus.be/en/content/meet-plantin-and-his-family">The Plantin-Moretus Museum’s website</a> describes them as “a revolutionary duo.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120973 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1296" height="1128" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM.png" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM.png 1296w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-360x313.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-1024x891.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-240x209.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-768x668.png 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1296px) 100vw, 1296px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120973" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM.png" alt width="1296" height="1128" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM.png 1296w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-360x313.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-1024x891.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-240x209.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26221947/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.19.14%E2%80%AFPM-768x668.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1296px) 100vw, 1296px"></noscript></p> <p>They were the first printers on an industrial scale — the Steve Jobs and Mark Zuckerberg of their day.” And if these decontextualized artifacts of the print revolution strike us as a bit strange to us today, just imagine how our surviving internet memes will look four centuries hence. Enter <a href="https://collectie.antwerpen.be/impressedbyplantin/all-woodcuts">the woodblock collection here</a>.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120970 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1266" height="990" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM.png" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM.png 1266w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-360x282.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-1024x801.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-240x188.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-768x601.png 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1266px) 100vw, 1266px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1120970" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM.png" alt width="1266" height="990" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM.png 1266w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-360x282.png 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-1024x801.png 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-240x188.png 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2024/11/26220245/Screenshot-2024-11-26-at-10.02.13%E2%80%AFPM-768x601.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1266px) 100vw, 1266px"></noscript></p> <p>via <a href="https://www.metafilter.com/206452/The-museums-and-heritage-institutions-of-the-city-of-Antwerp">Metafilter</a></p> <p><strong>Related content:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/12/download-215000-japanese-woodblock-prints-by-masters-spanning-the-traditions-350-year-history.html">Download 215,000 Japanese Woodblock Prints by Masters Spanning the Tradition’s 350-Year History</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/02/800-illuminated-medieval-manuscripts-are-now-online.html">800 Illuminated Medieval Manuscripts Are Now Online: Browse & Download Them Courtesy of the British Library and Bibliothèque Nationale de France</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/stephen-fry-journeys-to-johannes-gutenbergs-birthplace-to-discover-how-the-printing-press-shaped-the-modern-world.html">Stephen Fry Takes Us Inside the Story of Johannes Gutenberg & the First Printing Press</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/02/behold-the-beautiful-pages-from-a-medieval-monks-sketchbook.html">Behold the Beautiful Pages from a Medieval Monk’s Sketchbook: A Window Into How Illuminated Manuscripts Were Made (1494)</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/classic_films_and_filmmakers_rendered_in_woodcut_by_a_los_angeles_artist-cinephile.html">Classic Films and Filmmakers, Rendered in Woodcut By a Los Angeles Artist-Cinephile</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, </em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/"> M</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">a</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">rshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a><em> and the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles. <em>Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinm</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">a</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">rshall</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/explore-and-download-14000-woodcuts-from-antwerps-plantin-moretus-museum-online-archive.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/explore-and-download-14000-woodcuts-from-antwerps-plantin-moretus-museum-online-archive.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/explore-and-download-14000-woodcuts-from-antwerps-plantin-moretus-museum-online-archive.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1120978" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/ken-burns-new-documentary-on-leonardo-da-vinci-streaming-online.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Ken Burns’ New Documentary on Leonardo da Vinci Streaming Online (in the US) for a Limited Time"> Ken Burns’ New Documentary on Leonardo da Vinci Streaming Online (in the US) for a Limited Time </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a> </em> | November 26th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1120978" class="post-1120978 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-art category-film"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/5UnwIgfe6uM?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>A quick heads up: The filmmaker Ken Burns has just released <a href="https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/leonardo-da-vinci/">his new documentary on Leonardo da Vinci</a>. Running nearly four hours, the film offers what <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/18/arts/television/leonardo-da-vinci-pbs-ken-burns.html"><em>The New York Times</em></a> calls a “thorough and engrossing biography” of the 15th-century polymath. Currently airing on PBS, the film can be streamed online through December 17th. If you reside in the US, you can watch<a href="https://www.pbs.org/video/leonardo-da-vinci-part-one-the-disciple-of-experience/"> Part 1 here</a>, and <a href="https://www.pbs.org/video/part-two-painter-god-6wqjeo/">Part 2 here</a>. The film’s trailer appears above.</p> <p>PS: As Metafilter <a href="https://www.metafilter.com/206472/Leonardo-is-very-insistent-There-are-no-lines-in-nature">observes</a>, the PBS website also features some nice bonus material, including <a href="https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/leonardo-da-vinci/explore-3d-models-of-leonardo-da-vincis-inventions">3D models of Leonardo’s inventions </a>and a <a href="https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/leonardo-da-vinci/famous-works">high-res gallery of some of Leonardo’s work featured in the documentary. </a>Be sure to check them out.</p> <p><em>If you would like to sign up for Open Culture’s free email newsletter, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/newsletter-signup">please find it here</a>. It’s a great way to see our new posts, all bundled in one email, each day.</em></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">If you would like to support the mission of Open Culture, consider <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">making a donation to our site</a>. It’s hard to rely 100% on ads, and your <a href="https://bit.ly/3EBHjtX">contributions</a> will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. You can contribute through <a href="https://www.openculture.com/help-fund-open-culture">PayPal</a>, <a href="https://bit.ly/3eB2GRB">Patreon</a>, and Venmo (@openculture). Thanks!</span></i><i></i></p> <p><strong>Related Content </strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Leonardo da Vinci’s Handwritten Resume (Circa 1482)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/10/the-resume-of-leonardo-da-vinci-1482.html" rel="bookmark">Leonardo da Vinci’s Handwritten Resume (Circa 1482)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Leonardo Da Vinci’s To Do List (Circa 1490)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/07/leonardo-da-vincis-list-circa-1490.html" rel="bookmark">Leonardo Da Vinci’s To Do List (Circa 1490)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to The Ingenious Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci Recreated with 3D Animation" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/04/the-ingenious-inventions-of-leonardo-da-vinci-recreated-with-3d-animation.html" rel="bookmark">The Ingenious Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci Recreated with 3D Animation</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Why Leonardo da Vinci’s Greatest Painting is <i>Not</i> the <i>Mona Lisa</i>" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/why-leonardo-da-vincis-greatest-painting-is-not-the-mona-lisa.html" rel="bookmark">Why Leonardo da Vinci’s Greatest Painting is Not the Mona Lisa</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Leonardo da Vinci’s Notebooks Get Digitized: Where to Read the Renaissance Man’s Manuscripts Online" href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/05/where-to-read-leonardo-da-vincis-notebooks-online.html" rel="bookmark">Leonardo da Vinci’s Notebooks Get Digitized: Where to Read the Renaissance Man’s Manuscripts Online</a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/ken-burns-new-documentary-on-leonardo-da-vinci-streaming-online.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/ken-burns-new-documentary-on-leonardo-da-vinci-streaming-online.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/ken-burns-new-documentary-on-leonardo-da-vinci-streaming-online.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1120941" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/how-georges-melies-a-trip-to-the-moon-became-the-first-sci-fi-film-changed-cinema-forever-1902.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to How Georges Méliès <i>A Trip to the Moon</i> Became the First Sci-Fi Film & Changed Cinema Forever (1902)"> How Georges Méliès <i>A Trip to the Moon</i> Became the First Sci-Fi Film & Changed Cinema Forever (1902) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a> </em> | November 26th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1120941" class="post-1120941 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-film category-history"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/ZNAHcMMOHE8?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>If you happen to visit the Cinémathèque Française in Paris, do take the time to see the <a href="https://www.cinematheque.fr/musee-melies-la-magie-du-cinema.html">Musée Méliès</a> located inside it. Dedicated to <em>la Magie du cinéma</em>, it contains artifacts from throughout the history of film-as-spectacle, which includes such pictures as <em>2001: A Space Odyssey</em> and <em>Blade Runner</em>. Its focus on the evolution of visual effects guarantees a certain prominence to science fiction, which, as a genre of “the seventh art,” has its origins in France: specifically, in the work of the museum’s namesake Georges Méliès, whose <em>A Trip to the Moon</em> (<em>Le voyage dans la lune</em>) from 1902 we now recognize as the very first sci-fi movie.</p> <p>Everyone has seen at least one image from <em>A Trip to the Moon</em>: that of the landing capsule crashed into the irritated man-on-the-moon’s eye. But if you watch the film at its full length — which, in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNAHcMMOHE8">the version above</a>, runs about fifteen minutes — you can better understand its importance to the development of cinema.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>For Méliès didn’t pioneer just a genre, but also a range of techniques that expanded the visual vocabulary of his medium. Take the approach to the moon (played by the director himself) immediately before the landing, a kind of shot never before seen in those days of practically immobile movie cameras — and one that necessitated real technical inventiveness to pull off.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/KHxYPW5vvic?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>What someone watching <em>A Trip to the Moon</em> in the twenty-first century will first notice, of course, is less the ways in which it feels familiar than the ways in which it doesn’t. In an era when theater was still the dominant form of entertainment, Méliès adhered to theatrical forms of staging: he uses few cuts, and practically no variety in the camera angles. It would hardly seem worth noting that a film from 1902 is silent and in black-and-white, but what few know is that colorized prints — laboriously hand-painted, frame by frame, on an assembly line — existed even at the time of its original release; <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHxYPW5vvic">one such restored version</a> appears just above.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/RyGRpvA17wI?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>In truth, Méliès opened up much deeper possibilities for cinema than most of us acknowledge. As pointed out in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyGRpvA17wI">the <em>A Matter of Film</em> video above</a>, the motion pictures made before this amounted to exhibits of daily life: impressive as technological demonstrations (and, so the legend goes, harrowing for the viewers of 1896, who feared <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/02/iconic-film-from-1896-restored-with-artificial-intelligence.html">a train approaching onscreen</a> would run them over), but nothing as narratives. Like <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/06/watch-194-films-by-georges-melies-the-filmmaker-who-invented-everything-all-in-chronological-order.html">Méliès’ other work</a>, <em>A Trip to the Moon </em>proved that a movie could tell a story. It also proved something more central to the medium’s power: that it could tell that story in such a way that its images linger more than 120 years later, even when the details of what happens have long since lost their interest.</p> <p><strong>Related content:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/01/the-art-of-creating-special-effects-in-silent-movies-ingenuity-before-the-age-of-cgi.html">The Art of Creating Special Effects in Silent Movies: Ingenuity Before the Age of CGI</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/06/watch-194-films-by-georges-melies-the-filmmaker-who-invented-everything-all-in-chronological-order.html">Watch 194 Films by Georges Méliès, the Filmmaker Who “Invented Everything” (All in Chronological Order)</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/10/the-first-horror-film-george-melies-the-manor-of-the-devil-1896.html">The First Horror Film, Georges Méliès’ <em>The Haunted Castle</em> (1896)</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/11/georges-melies-the-dreyfus-affair.html">Watch Georges Méliès’ <em>The Dreyfus Affair</em>, the Controversial Film Censored by the French Government for 50 Years (1899)</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free-silent-films">101 Free Silent Films: The Great Classics</a></p> <p><em>Based in Seoul, </em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Colin</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/"> M</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">a</a></em><em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">rshall</a> writes and broadcas</em><em>ts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the Substack newsletter</em> <a href="https://colinmarshall.substack.com/">Books on Cities</a><em> and the book </em>The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles. <em>Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinm</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">a</a></em><em><a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">rshall</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/how-georges-melies-a-trip-to-the-moon-became-the-first-sci-fi-film-changed-cinema-forever-1902.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/how-georges-melies-a-trip-to-the-moon-became-the-first-sci-fi-film-changed-cinema-forever-1902.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/how-georges-melies-a-trip-to-the-moon-became-the-first-sci-fi-film-changed-cinema-forever-1902.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1120950" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/isaac-newton-creates-a-list-of-his-57-sins-circa-1662.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Isaac Newton Creates a List of His 57 Sins (Circa 1662)"> Isaac Newton Creates a List of His 57 Sins (Circa 1662) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/physics" rel="category tag">Physics</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/religion" rel="category tag">Religion</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/science" rel="category tag">Science</a> </em> | November 25th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1120950" class="post-1120950 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history category-physics category-religion category-science"> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-105712 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="720" height="456" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins.jpg 720w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins-150x95.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins-300x190.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-105712" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins.jpg" alt width="720" height="456" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins.jpg 720w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins-150x95.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/30193908/isaac-newton-list-of-sins-300x190.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px"></noscript></p> <p>Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, arguably the most important and influential scientist in history, discovered the laws of motion and the universal force of gravity. For the first time ever, the rules of the universe could be described with the supremely rational language of mathematics. Newton’s elegant equations proved to be one of the inspirations for the <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/enlightenment/">Enlightenment</a>, a shift away from the God-centered dogma of the Church in favor of a worldview that placed reason at its center. The many leaders of the Enlightenment turned to deism if not outright atheism. But not Newton.</p> <p>In 1936, a document of Newton’s dating from around 1662 was sold at a Sotheby’s auction and eventually wound up at the <a href="http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/">Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, England</a>. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130707041408/http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/view/texts/normalized/ALCH00069">Fitzwilliam Manuscript</a> has long been a source of fascination for Newton scholars. Not only does the notebook feature a series of increasingly difficult mathematical problems but also a cryptic string of letters reading:</p> <blockquote><p>Nabed Efyhik<br> Wfnzo Cpmfke</p></blockquote> <p>If you can solve this, there are some people in Cambridge who would like to talk to you.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>But what makes the document really interesting is how incredibly personal it is. Newton rattles off a laundry list of sins he committed during his relatively short life – he was around 20 when he wrote this, still a student at <a href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/">Cambridge</a>. He splits the list into two categories, before Whitsunday 1662 and after. (Whitsunday is, by the way, the Sunday of the feast of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitsun">Whitsun</a>, which is celebrated seven weeks after Easter.) Why he decided on that particular date to bifurcate his timeline isn’t immediately clear.</p> <p>Some of the sins are rather opaque. I’m not sure what, for instance, “Making a feather while on Thy day” means exactly but it sure sounds like a long-lost euphemism. Other sins like “Peevishness with my mother” are immediately relatable as good old-fashioned teenage churlishness. You can see the full list below. And you can read the full document over at the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130707041408/http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/view/texts/normalized/ALCH00069">Newton Project here</a>.</p> <blockquote><p><strong><em>Before Whitsunday 1662</em></strong></p> <p>1. Vsing the word (God) openly<br> 2. Eating an apple at Thy house<br> 3. Making a feather while on Thy day<br> 4. Denying that I made it.<br> 5. Making a mousetrap on Thy day<br> 6. Contriving of the chimes on Thy day<br> 7. Squirting water on Thy day<br> 8. Making pies on Sunday night<br> 9. Swimming in a kimnel on Thy day<br> 10. Putting a pin in Iohn Keys hat on Thy day to pick him.<br> 11. Carelessly hearing and committing many sermons<br> 12. Refusing to go to the close at my mothers command.<br> 13. Threatning my father and mother Smith to burne them and the house over them<br> 14. Wishing death and hoping it to some<br> 15. Striking many<br> 16. Having uncleane thoughts words and actions and dreamese.<br> 17. Stealing cherry cobs from Eduard Storer<br> 18. Denying that I did so<br> 19. Denying a crossbow to my mother and grandmother though I knew of it<br> 20. Setting my heart on money learning pleasure more than Thee<br> 21. A relapse<br> 22. A relapse<br> 23. A breaking again of my covenant renued in the Lords Supper.<br> 24. Punching my sister<br> 25. Robbing my mothers box of plums and sugar<br> 26. Calling Dorothy Rose a jade<br> 27. Glutiny in my sickness.<br> 28. Peevishness with my mother.<br> 29. With my sister.<br> 30. Falling out with the servants<br> 31. Divers commissions of alle my duties<br> 32. Idle discourse on Thy day and at other times<br> 33. Not turning nearer to Thee for my affections<br> 34. Not living according to my belief<br> 35. Not loving Thee for Thy self.<br> 36. Not loving Thee for Thy goodness to us<br> 37. Not desiring Thy ordinances<br> 38. Not long {longing} for Thee in {illeg}<br> 39. Fearing man above Thee<br> 40. Vsing unlawful means to bring us out of distresses<br> 41. Caring for worldly things more than God<br> 42. Not craving a blessing from God on our honest endeavors.<br> 43. Missing chapel.<br> 44. Beating Arthur Storer.<br> 45. Peevishness at Master Clarks for a piece of bread and butter.<br> 46. Striving to cheat with a brass halfe crowne.<br> 47. Twisting a cord on Sunday morning<br> 48. Reading the history of the Christian champions on Sunday</p> <p><strong>Since Whitsunday 1662</strong></p> <p>49. Glutony<br> 50. Glutony<br> 51. Vsing Wilfords towel to spare my own<br> 52. Negligence at the chapel.<br> 53. Sermons at Saint Marys (4)<br> 54. Lying about a louse<br> 55. Denying my chamberfellow of the knowledge of him that took him for a sot.<br> 56. Neglecting to pray 3<br> 57. Helping Pettit to make his water watch at 12 of the clock on Saturday night</p></blockquote> <p>via <a href="http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2011/05/the-47-sins-of-isaac-newton-as-recorded-by-himself.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">JF Ptak Science Books</a>/<a href="http://publicdomainreview.org/collections/17-numbered-lists-from-history/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Public Domain Review</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/03/in-1704-isaac-newton-predicted-that-the-world-will-end-in-2060.html">In 1704, Isaac Newton Predicted That the World Will End in 2060</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Isaac Newton Theorized That the Egyptian Pyramids Revealed the Timing of the Apocalypse: See His Burnt Manuscript from the 1680s" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/12/isaac-newton-theorized-that-the-egyptian-pyramids-revealed-the-timing-of-the-apocalypse.html" rel="bookmark">Isaac Newton Theorized That the Egyptian Pyramids Revealed the Timing of the Apocalypse: See His Burnt Manuscript from the 1680s</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Isaac Newton’s Recipe for the Mythical ‘Philosopher’s Stone’ Is Being Digitized & Put Online (Along with His Other Alchemy Manuscripts)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/10/isaac-newtons-recipe-for-the-mythical-philosophers-stone-is-being-digitized.html" rel="bookmark">Isaac Newton’s Recipe for the Mythical ‘Philosopher’s Stone’ Is Being Digitized & Put Online (Along with His Other Alchemy Manuscripts)</a></p> <p><em><strong>Jonathan Crow</strong> is a writer and filmmaker whose work has appeared in Yahoo!, The Hollywood Reporter, and other publications. </em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/isaac-newton-creates-a-list-of-his-57-sins-circa-1662.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/isaac-newton-creates-a-list-of-his-57-sins-circa-1662.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/isaac-newton-creates-a-list-of-his-57-sins-circa-1662.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/11/page/2" >More in this category... »</a> </div>  <div class="middle_sidebar"> <ul id="middle_sidebarwidgeted"> <li id="execphp-431254483" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Essentials</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses">1,700 Free Online Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-certificate-programs">200 Online Certificate Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-degrees">100+ Online Degree & Mini-Degree Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freemoviesonline">1,150 Free Movies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeaudiobooks">1,000 Free Audio Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/great-podcasts">150+ Best Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_ebooks">800 Free eBooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_textbooks">200 Free Textbooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freelanguagelessons">300 Free Language Lessons</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/business_free_courses">150 Free Business Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources">Free K-12 Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">Get Our Daily Email</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254506" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Support Us</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox noborder"> <br> We're hoping to rely on loyal readers, rather than erratic ads. 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Eliot Reads Waste Land</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/hear_sylvia_plath_read_fifteen_poems_from_her_final_collection_ariel_in_1962_recording.html">Sylvia Plath - Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/06/on_bloomsday_hear_james_joyce_read_from_his_epic_iulyssesi_1924.html">Joyce Reads Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/02/james_joyce_reads_anna_livia_plurabelle_from_ifinnegans_wakei.html">Joyce - Finnegans Wake</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/01/watch_patti_smith_read_from_virginia_woolf_and_hear_the_only_surviving_recording_of_woolfs_voice.html">Patti Smith Reads Virginia Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/listen_as_albert_einstein_reads_the_common_language_of_science_1941.html">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/charles-bukowski-poem-read-by-bukowski-tom-waits-and-bono.html">Charles Bukowski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/bill-murray-reads-poetry-by-billy-collins-cole-porter-and-sarah-manguso.html">Bill Murray</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/ernest_hemingway_reads_in_harrys_bar_in_venice.html">Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/f_scott_fitzgerald_reads_from_shakespeares_iothelloi_and_john_masefields_on_growing_old_c1940.html">Fitzgerald Reads Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/william_faulkner_reads_from_as_i_lay_dying.html">William Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/05/rare_1959_audio_flannery_oconnor_reads_a_good_man_is_hard_to_find.html">Flannery O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/j-r-r-tolkien-reads-from-the-two-towers-the-second-book-of-the-lord-of-the-rings-trilogy.html">Tolkien - The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/allen_ginsberg_reads_his_beat_classic_poem_howl.html">Allen Ginsberg - Howl</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/rare_1930s_audio_wb_yeats_reads_four_of_his_poems.html">W.B Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/10/ezra_pounds_fiery_1939_reading_of_his_early_poem_isestina_altafortei.html">Ezra Pound</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/08/dylan_thomas_recites_do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night_and_other_poems.html">Dylan Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/anne_sexton_confessional_poet_reads_wanting_to_die_in_ominous_1966_video.html">Anne Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/06/john-cheever-reads-the-swimmer.html">John Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/hear-david-foster-wallace-read-his-own-essays-and-short-fiction.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254484" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Book Lists By</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2011/12/neil_degrasse_tyson_8_books_every_intelligent_person_should_read.html">Neil deGrasse Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/ernest_hemingways_reading_list_for_a_young_writer_1934.html">Ernest Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/f-scott-fitzgerald-creates-a-list-of-22-essential-books-1936.html">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/patti-smiths-list-of-favorite-books.html">Patti Smith</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/08/brian-eno-book-lists.html">Brian Eno</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/henry-miller-makes-a-list-of-the-100-books-that-influenced-me-most.html">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/christopher_hitchens_creates_a_reading_list_for_eight-year-old_girl.html">Christopher Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/11/joseph-brodskys-reading-list-for-having-an-intelligent-conversation.html">Joseph Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">W.H. Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/07/carl_sagans_undergrad_reading_list_from_plato_and_shakespeare_to_huxley_and_gide.html">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/10/david-bowies-list-of-top-100-books.html">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/the-books-samuel-beckett-really-liked.html">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/art-garfunkel-lists-1195-books.html">Art Garfunkel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/the-430-books-in-marilyn-monroes-library.html">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/jorge-luis-borges-personal-library.html">Jorge Luis Borges</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/74-books-curated-by-female-creatives.html">Picks by Female Creatives</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li id="execphp-431254513" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254490" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Syllabi</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">WH Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/david_foster_wallaces_1994_syllabus.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/zadie-smith-and-gary-shteyngarts-syllabi-from-columbia-university.html">Zadie Smith & Gary Shteyngart</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/spike-lee-shares-his-nyu-teaching-list-of-87-essential-films-every-aspiring-director-should-see.html">Spike Lee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/11/lynda-barrys-wonderfully-illustrated-syllabus-homework-assignments-from-her-uw-madison-class-the-unthinkable-mind.html">Lynda Barry</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/junot-diazs-syllabi-for-his-mit-writing-classes.html">Junot Diaz</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254491" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Favorite Movies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/stanley-kubricks-list-of-top-ten-films.html">Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/akira-kurosawas-list-of-his-100-favorite-movies.html">Kurosawa's 100</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/quentin-tarantino-lists-the-12-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Tarantino</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/martin-scorsese-reveals-his-10-favorite-movies.html">Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/08/andrei-tarkovsky-creates-a-list-of-his-10-favorite-films-1972.html">Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/09/david-lynch-on-his-favorite-directors-including-fellini-wilder-tati-and-hitchcock.html">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/05/werner-herzog-picks-his-5-favorite-films.html">Werner Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/woody-allen-lists-the-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Woody Allen</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/wes-andersons-favorite-films.html">Wes Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/05/the-10-favorite-films-of-avant-garde-surrealist-filmmaker-luis-bunuel-including-his-own-collaboration-with-salvador-dali.html">Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/07/roger-eberts-final-list-of-his-top-10-favorite-films-2012.html">Roger Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/susan-sontags-50-favorite-films.html">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/scorseses-list-of-39-essential-foreign-films.html">Scorsese Foreign Films</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/44-essential-movies-for-the-student-of-philosophy.html">Philosophy Films</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2025/03'>March 2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2025/02'>February 2025</a></li> <li><a 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