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/*display:flex; justify-content:space-between; */ } #wrap{background:transparent; margin:0 auto; padding:0; width:100%; color:#414141; padding:0} .l_sidebar{width:15%} .r_sidebar{ width:22%; _min-width:150px; min-width:160px; max-width:345px; float:left; background-color: white; /*background-color:#bdbec2; */ /*:transparent; */ font-size:1.3rem; _margin-top:0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; padding:0 0 0 10px; overflow:visible ; } .da-third-column{overflow:visible !important ;} .middle_sidebar{font-size: 1.4rem; _width:14%; width:17%; min-width:90px; max-width:180px; float:left; background:transparent; margin:.5% .5%; padding:0px .5% 0 1%; _border-right:1px dotted #d1ccbc; min-width:128px; } div.middle_sidebar{ border-left-style: dotted; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: #d1ccbc ;} .contentmiddle{ width:54% ; min-width:185px; float:left; margin-top:.4rem; font-size:16px; font-size:1.6rem; /* line-height:15px; line-height:150%; */ _margin-right:5px; _padding-right: 20px; _max-width: 700px; padding-right: 3%; } .contentmiddle h1, .contentmiddle h1 a { text-decoration: none; font-size: 2.4rem; font-weight: normal; color: #373731; /* near black */ line-height: 140%; } #headerW {height:100%; width: 100% !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display:block;} .l_sidebar a:link,.l_sidebar a:visited, .middle_sidebar a:link, .middle_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:link{ /*color:#0183B2; old blue*/ color: #394244; font-size: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid lightgrey; /*word-spacing: -.3rem; */ } .new_subscription_block { font-family:"Muli", sans-serif ; background: #daf4fc; border-radius: 0rem; margin:4% 5% 4% 5%; padding: 5% 7% 5% 7%; line-height:150%; } .new_subscription_block p{ Font-Family:Lora; font-style:italic;} .new_subscription_block h3, h4 {font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; } .r_sub_con a:visited, .r_sub_con a:link, .new_subscription_block a:visited, .new_subscription_block a:link{ border-top: 0px ;} /* turn off links */ #clearfixheader { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; padding-top:0px; } .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a, .social_li a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: .2rem .8rem !important /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color:#1e3a4a } .social_li li{display:inline; margin-left:10px ;margin-left:1rem; margin-right:10px; margin-right:1rem;} .centerwrap ul {margin: 0px -1% 0px 0%} #navbar{ font-size: 1.6rem; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 400; _text-transform: uppercase; font-weight:bold; z-index:99; /*margin-top, margin-bottom: 0px !important; */ text-alignment:center; height:auto !important; text-align:justify; -ms-text-justify:distribute-all-lines; text-justify:distribute-all-lines; _letter-spacing:-.5px; color:#39AACF; margin-top: 0px; margin-left:0%; _margin-right:7% ; border-radius:0px; _background-color:rgba(118,154,172,.9); background-color:rgba(57, 170, 207, .85); min-width:245px; _width: 86%; width: 100%; } #navbar a{ _font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none; font-weight:bold; padding:0 12px; padding:0 1rem; padding-top: 2px; text-decoration:none; letter-spacing: .1px; color: white; _font-family: Helvetica; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 2.2rem; padding-top: 3px; } .nav ul, .socmedia ul {text-align:center} /*#nav{list-style-type:none;} */ /* #nav li{display:inline;float:left;list-style-type:none} #nav .stretch { display: inline-block; width: 100%; *display: inline; zoom: 1 } */ /*icons by https://www.entypo.com/*/ .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a,.social a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: 0 .8rem !important; /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color: white; /*#1e3a4a */ } /* might work to space out items more nav li:before { margin-left: 3px} */ #search-old2{ display: inline-block!important; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; float: none!important; width: 115px!important; font-family: font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,serif !important; background-color: #1497c2; text-align: left !important; font-weight: normal!important; } #search-old2 form{background:none!important; width:110px; height:100%; margin-top:2px !important; padding:0px} /* this indents widget */ .contentwrapper ul li li{ text-indent: -1.1rem; } .contentwrapper a, a:visited, a:hover{font-size: inherit; } /* 1.6rem; shouldnt this just inherit */ .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul, .r_sidebar ul li { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*shading boxes around ads + contact info*/ .r_sidebar .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{background: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 0rem; } /*#bdbec2 */ .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{text-align:left; padding: 10px 18px 10px 18px; margin:12px -4px 0px -4px;} .box { border: .2rem solid black; font-size: 4rem; border-radius:2px;} .lightbox {border: .1rem solid grey ;} _colorcontrast {background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); margin: 0px; border-right: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-radius: 8px;} .tagline { text-align:left ; font-size:13px; font-size:1.3hw; line-height:100%; margin:0; margin-top: 6px; /* color:white !important; */ margin-left:6px; padding:2px; color:#4a7d96; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #tagline_container{ max-width:335px; width:100%; margin-top: 50px; margin-left: 21px; } _ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:3.5%; margin-right:4.3%;} #ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:7%; margin-right:4%; margin-top:3px;} #logocontainer{width:auto; float:left; margin-left:0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width:40%; } #big_logo { /* margin-left: 25%; max-width: 7%; transform: scale(8); float: left; width:100%; max-height: 10%; */ } #big_logo{ transform: scale(8); max-height:10%; max-width:325px; float: left !important; text-align: left; width: 100%; } #logo_container { width: 100%; float: left; z-index: -40; /* overflow: visible; */ max-width: 600px; max-height: 200px; min-width: 140px; margin-left: 20px; height: auto; min-height: 40px; margin-top: 0px; _background-image: url(/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/openculture_banner.png); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-width:80vw;; /*css3 viewport setting */ } .left { /* border: 2px dashed #f0f; */ text-align:left; _min-height:40px; height:auto; _margin-top: 45px; margin-left: 0px; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo-with-stacked-tagline.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo-with-tagline.svg") no-repeat; background-size: contain; max-width:600px; min-width:90px; overflow:hidden; _background-position-y:0px; _background-position-x:0px; background-position-x: center !important; background-position-y: center !important; z-index:200; } .right { float: right; _width: 740px; /*min-height: 25px;*/ margin-left: 2.5%; padding-left: 0px; margin-right: 20px ; padding-right:0px; /* border: 2px dashed #00f; */ position:relative; z-index:200; } .top{} .bottom{ background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background-size: contain; background-size: revert-layer; min-height:80px; /* border: 2px dashed green; */ clear:both; padding-top:8px; _margin: 4px 10px 0 10px; _background-position-y: 0px; /* min-height: 65px; */ clear: both; background-position-x: center; background-position-y:center; padding-top: 0px; margin: 2px 1rem 0px 1rem; /* height: 90px; */ _min-height: 110px; } #footerW{ right: 0; left: 0; position: relative; padding: 0; overflow:hidden;} .clear {clear:both;} .logo_clickable { position:absolute; width:100%; height:100%; top:0; left: 0; z-index: 50; _position:absolute; /* fixes overlap error in IE7/8, make sure you have an empty gif */ _background-image: url('empty.gif'); } .socialblock li {top: 2px;} .social-mail a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .social-mail-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-black.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-facebook-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-rss-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-mail a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a:hover { background: url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search :hover {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} /* override images that we dont want to go to margin */ .contentmiddle img.noexpand, .contentmiddle p img.noexpand, .contentmiddle img[src$="feed-icon16x16139.png"],img[title|="noexpand"], .contentmiddle div.noexpand img, .contentmiddle div.noexpand p img , .begbox img, .ct_comment_info img, ct_this_is_spam img, ct_comment_info div{ width:initial !important; display: block !important; line-height: 100%; } .noexpand img {width:initial !important;} /*this seems to work more reliably than above */ .contentmiddle img.oneXone {width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important;} .contentmiddle img.noexpand.center{display:block !important; } #footer { color: white; width: 100%; /*margin:0 auto; */ margin-bottom:100px; padding:28px 0 0 0px; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; font-weight:400; clear:both; display:inline-block; } .framearound_ad_in_post{margin: .6rem 0px 2.4rem 0px; height:auto;max-height:120px; width:100%;padding:0px; border: 2px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:8px;min-height:3rem; } .advertisement_notice{text-align:center; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant:small caps; color: #0183b2;} .begbox{color:white;width:100%;display:inline-block; background: #36b0d8; margin-left: -4px; padding: 0; font-family: Lora, "Lora", Times, serif;font-style:normal} .begbox img { width:250px ; margin: 8px auto} .begbox p, .begbox div {margin: 1em 0px 0 12px} .da_bottom {line-height:10%} .no-framearound_ad_in_post {padding-bottom: 25px; padding-top:15px; width: 100%} img.no-framearound_ad_in_post {width:100%} .responsive_belowheadline_ad{ height: 100%; display:inline-block; width:98%; min-height:70px; max-height:200px; margin-right:4px; padding-bottom: 10px; } /*comment box */ div.cbInner {background: #eaebe8; border-radius:8px ;} div.cbInner h5 {color: #000;} .comments {color:#000:;} /*bullets*/ /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars*/ /*.contentwrapper ul li li, */ .r_sidebar a:link,.r_sidebar a:visited,.r_sidebar a:hover,.middle_sidebar a:link,.middle_sidebar a:visited,.middle_sidebar a:hover{ font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: inherit; } .contentmiddle a:link, .contentwrapper a {text-decoration:none; } .l_sidebar ul li a:hover, .middle_sidebar ul li a:hover, .r_sidebar ul li a:hover, .contentmiddle a:hover { text-decoration:underline} #footer ul li {line-height:130%; list-style:none;} #footer ul li a:link {color:white; font-size:1.6rem; text-decoration:none;} #footer ul li a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .l_sidebar li a, .r_sidebar li a, .middle_sidebar li a{ /*display:block; */ /*OC-typography.png */ text-decoration:none; padding-left: 1em; /*font-style:italic;*/ font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; _font-style:bold; font-weight:400; color:#394244; } .widgettitle{ _border-top-width: 1px; _border-top-style: dotted; _border-top-color: gray; font-family:"Lora", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; _font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 19px; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px ; margin: 8px 2px 2px 1px !important; /*color: #898477; */ letter-spacing: -.5px; } .widgetbox ul,.widget_categories ul, .widget_archive ul { border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc ; padding-bottom: 30px !important; display:block;} .widgetbox li a, .widget_categories li a, .widget_archive li a {display:block;} .recent_post{ border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc; padding: 0 0 30px 0px; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height:150%; overflow:hidden; } .noborder, .middle_sidebar.noborder:link, div.noborder a {border-top: 0px white !important;} .contentmiddle ul li a{} /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars* .contentwrapper ul li li,*/ .contentmiddle li, .r_sidebar li, .l_sidebar li, .middle_sidebar li { /* background:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFALMJANTPvq2ok8rGs8C8qMXBrrKtmLeynufj0+Pezvby4wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAkALAAAAAAFAAUAQAQQcByCkqQpCQPCKYiBfCESAQA7) no-repeat 0 10px; */ list-style-type:none; zoom:1; margin-left: .8em; zoom: 1; padding-left: .2em; margin-bottom: .3em; line-height:1.9rem; } .contentmiddle ul li li :before , .r_sidebar ul li li :before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, .l_sidebar ul li li :before { /*content: "\25B8"; */ float:left; padding-right:1rem; font-style:normal;} .contentmiddle ul li li li :before {content:none;} .contentmiddle ul li {list-style-type: none; padding-right:.8rem; padding-bottom: .4rem; font-style:normal;} /*set general padding for Ul lists */ .contentwrapper ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 10px 0; background:none; } .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*titles in widgets*/ .widgettitle, ul.l_sidebar li h2, ul.r_sidebar li h2, ul.middle_sidebar li h2, .middle_sidebar li h2 { font-weight:normal; padding:3px; margin:2px 2px 2px 1px; _font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-family:Lora; color:#fc621f letter-spacing:-.5px; list-style-type:none; background: none !important; font-size: 1.9rem; } .r_sidebar ul {margin-left:-.6rem;} .middle_sidebar ul{ margin-top:1.2rem; margin-left:-1.1rem;} .middle_sidebar ul li {background:none } .contentmiddle li {background: none no-repeat 0 10px; list-style-type:none; zoom:1; /*margin-left: .8rem; */ zoom: 1; padding-left: .2rem; margin-bottom: 0rem; } /* turn off bullets on headers */ .contentwrapper ul {background:none;} /*lists inside lists */ .contentmiddle ul li li {margin-bottom:0rem; margin-left:5rem; list-style-type: none; } .contentwrapper ul {content:"";} .contentmiddle ul li li:before, .contentmiddle ul li:before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, /*put right triangle before bullets */ .middle_sidebar ul li li, .r_sidebar ul li li, .l_sidebar ul li li {line-height:inherit;} // Variables @colorBase: #394244; .transition (@prop: all, @time: 1s, @ease: linear) { -webkit-transition: @prop @time @ease; -moz-transition: @prop @time @ease; -o-transition: @prop @time @ease; -ms-transition: @prop @time @ease; transition: @prop @time @ease; } .universal-inline-block { display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; } /* horizontal buttons */ div .social-icons2 { text-align: center; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-weight: 300; font-size: 1.5em; color: @colorBase; _margin: -2% -8% -2% -14%; } .social-icons2 ul { margin: 0; _padding: 0; list-style-type: none; text-align: center; } .social-icons2 ul li { _padding: 0px 8px 0px 6px; display:inline-block; text-indent:0; margin: 0px -4px 0px -4px;} .social-icons2 ul li a { text-decoration: none; _padding: .1rem .8rem; color: #fff; } .social-icons2-altmargin ul li {padding: 0 20px;} .social-icons2 ul li a:hover{ color: #1497c2; } .margin_left_10 {margin-left:-10px;} .white_background {background-color:white;} .oc-center, .oc-center img { width:100% ; max-width:100% !important; margin:0 auto; display:block; text-align:center;} .oc-center-da, .oc-center-da img, .oc-center-da object, .oc-center-da img { max-width: 100% !important; width: 100% !important; margin:0 auto; display: block; text-align:center;} /*fix expanding captcha refresh */ #fscf_captcha_refresh1 {width: 24px;height: 24px;} .oc-video-container { position: relative; _padding-bottom: 63.25%; padding-bottom:54%; padding-top: 10px; height: 0; } a.mashicon-reddit{background-color: darkred;} /* allow for override of img resizer */ .contentmiddle div.oc-no-resize-center img{ width: inherit !important; margin 0 auto; float:left} /*#footer img{width:inherit!important ;} */ /*footer stuff */ #flexcanvas{ width: 100%; max-width:100%; _height: 600px !important; margin-left: 3px; } .rowParent, .columnParent{ display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-flex-wrap: nowrap; -ms-flex-wrap: nowrap; flex-wrap: nowrap; -webkit-box-pack: start; -webkit-justify-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; -webkit-align-content: stretch; -ms-flex-line-pack: stretch; align-content: stretch; -webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-align-items: stretch; -ms-flex-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; } .columnParent{ -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .flexChild{ -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; flex: 1; -webkit-align-self: auto; -ms-flex-item-align: auto; align-self: auto; margin:1px; font-size:1.3rem; /*border: 1px dotted #d1ccbc */ } .flexChild ul, .flexChild ul li {margin-left:-1.2rem;} .rowChild85696 {padding:1.8rem; margin-bottom:1.4rem} .rowChild9255 {margin:0px;} .minustopbottommargin20{margin-top:-20px !important; margin-bottom:-20px !important;} .minustopbottommargin40{margin-top:-40px !important; margin-bottom:-40px !important;} .minustopmargin20{margin-top:-20px !important;} .minustopmargin40{margin-top:-40px !important;} .curatedcategory ul li { text-decoration: none; list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; margin-left:1.0rem; line-height: 140%;} .curatedcategory ul {margin-left: 1.2rem;} .curatedcategory h2 {margin-left:1.0rem;} .curatedcategory h2 a {font-variant:small-caps;} .contentmiddle ol {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;} .contentmiddle ol li {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;line-spacing:120%;margin-bottom:.8rem;} input[type=search] { -moz-appearance:none; -webkit-appearance:none; } .sb-search { position: relative; color:#fff; border:none; width: 20px; width: 0%; min-width: 24px; min-height: 2.4rem; float: right; height:100%; overflow: hidden; -webkit-transition: width 0.3s; -moz-transition: width 0.3s; transition: width 0.6s; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } .sb-search-input, input[type="search"] { position: absolute; top: -6px; right: 0px; border: none; outline: none; margin-right:24px; width: 100%; height: 88%; min-height:2.5rem; _margin: 8px 2px 8px 2px; z-index: 25; _padding: 4px 65px 4px 20px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.8rem; color: white; background-color:#1497c2; } input[type="search"] {background-color:#1497c2;} .sb-icon-search, .sb-search-submit { display:block; position: absolute; border:none; right: 0; top: 0; float: right; padding: 0; _margin: 0; _line-height: 24px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-color:#fff; _background-color:#1497c2; _height:1.9rem; color:white; width: 1.6rem; height: 2.3rem; _margin-top: 6px; } .sb-search-submit { background: #fff; /* IE needs this */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)"; /* IE 8 */ filter: alpha(opacity=0); /* IE 5-7 */ opacity: 0; color: transparent; border: none; outline: none; z-index: -1; width: 100%; } /*.sb-icon-search{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} */ .sb-icon-search{ color:white; background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat; background-position-y:center; background-margin-y:4px;} li.search-popout {_display:none; top:.8rem;} .sb-search form {min-height:20px;} input[type=text].sb-search-input,textarea.sb-search-input {background-color:#1497c2; color:#FFF;} #navbar :after {clear:both;} /* fix placeholder color */ ::-webkit-input-placeholder { /* WebKit, Blink, Edge */ color: #fff; } :-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 4 to 18 */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } ::-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 19+ */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } :-ms-input-placeholder { /* Internet Explorer 10-11 */ color: #fff; } .sb-search.sb-search-open, .no-js .sb-search { width: 100%; min-width:300px; min-width: 75vw; margin-left: -10vw; overflow:visible;; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-icon-search, .no-js .sb-search .sb-icon-search { z-index: 11; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-search-submit, .no-js .sb-search .sb-search-submit { z-index: 90; } .negativetopmargin50 {margin-top:-50px;} .negativetopmargin40 {margin-top:-40px;} .negativetopmargin20 {margin-top:-20px;} .bulleted, .bulleted ul {list-style-type: disc;} .bulleted ul li, .contentmiddle.p1 ul li, .p1 li, .contentmiddle li,.contentmiddle.p1 ul li,.entry ul li, .entry ul {list-style-type: disc;} #last, .last a, .li a last {color:black !important;} .cli-bar-message {font-family:Lora,"Lora",Times,serif;} .addtoany_shortcode div {margin-top: 14px;} /*Step 5 aesthetic 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<div class="oc-center white_background noexpand" style="max-width:501px">  <div class="oc-center white_background noexpand"><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script><br> <br> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="1279265463" data-ad-format="auto"></ins><br> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1121294" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/12/john-coltrane-draws-a-picture-illustrating-the-mathematics-of-music.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to John Coltrane Draws a Picture Illustrating the Mathematics of Music"> John Coltrane Draws a Picture Illustrating the Mathematics of Music </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/math" rel="category tag">Math</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | December 18th, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1121294" class="post-1121294 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-jazz category-math category-music"> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1034556 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="769" height="1024" loading="lazy" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new.jpg 769w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-113x150.jpg 113w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-225x300.jpg 225w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-768x1023.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-300x399.jpg 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1034556" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new.jpg" alt width="769" height="1024" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new.jpg 769w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-113x150.jpg 113w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-225x300.jpg 225w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-768x1023.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2017/04/11003129/coltrane-circle-new-300x399.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px"></noscript></p> <p>Physicist and saxophonist Stephon Alexander has <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/07/the-secret-link-between-jazz-and-physics-how-einstein-coltrane-shared-improvisation-and-intuition-in-common.html">argued in his many public lectures and his book <em>The Jazz of Physics</em></a> that Albert Einstein and John Coltrane had quite a lot in common. Alexander in particular draws our attention to the so-called “Coltrane circle,” which resembles what any musician will recognize as the “Circle of Fifths,” but incorporates Coltrane’s own innovations. Coltrane gave the drawing to saxophonist and professor Yusef Lateef in 1967, who included it in his seminal text, <a href="http://amzn.to/2on8bIG"><em>Repository of Scales and Melodic Patterns</em></a>. Where Lateef, as he writes in his <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0LAq1KAepEC&pg=PA128&dq=Yusef+Lateef+%22Thesaurus%22+coltrane&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT7_PNnJvTAhXC5lQKHb5uDCoQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=Yusef%20Lateef%20%22Thesaurus%22%20coltrane&f=false">autobiography</a>, sees Coltrane’s music as a “spiritual journey” that “embraced the concerns of a rich tradition of autophysiopsychic music,” Alexander sees “the same geometric principle that motivated Einstein’s” quantum theory.</p> <p>Neither description seems out of place. Musician and blogger Roel Hollander notes, “Thelonious Monk once said ‘All musicians are subconsciously mathematicians.’ Musicians like John Coltrane though have been very much aware of the mathematics of music and consciously applied it to his works.”</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Coltrane was also very much aware of Einstein’s work and liked to talk about it frequently. Musician David Amram remembers the <em>Giant Steps</em> genius telling him he “was trying to do something like that in music.”</p> <p>Hollander carefully dissects Coltrane’s mathematics in two theory-heavy essays, one generally on Coltrane’s “<a href="https://roelhollander.eu/en/blog-saxophone/Coltrane-Geometry/" rel="nofollow">Music & Geometry</a>” and one specifically on his “<a href="https://roelhollander.eu/en/blog-saxophone/Coltrane-Tone-Circle/" rel="nofollow">Tone Circle</a>.” Coltrane himself had little to say publicly about the intensive theoretical work behind his most famous compositions, probably because he’d rather they speak for themselves. He preferred to express himself philosophically and mystically, drawing equally on his fascination with science and with spiritual traditions of all kinds. Coltrane’s poetic way of speaking has left his musical interpreters with a wide variety of ways to look at his Circle, as jazz musician <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180305131603/http://www.coreymwamba.co.uk/rambles/1388289138">Corey Mwamba discovered</a> when he informally polled several other players on Facebook. Clarinetist <a href="http://www.camoci.co.uk/arunghosh/info.html">Arun Ghosh</a>, for example, saw in Coltrane’s “mathematical principles” a “musical system that connected with The Divine.” It’s a system, he opined, that “feels quite Islamic to me.”</p> <p>Lateef agreed, and there may be few who understood Coltrane’s method better than he did. He studied closely with Coltrane for years, and has been remembered since his death in 2013 as a peer and even a mentor, especially in his ecumenical embrace of theory and music from around the world. Lateef even argued that Coltrane’s late-in-life masterpiece <em>A Love Supreme </em><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/12/9/did-coltrane-say-allah-supreme/">might have been titled “Allah Supreme”</a> were it not for fear of “political backlash.” Some may find the claim tendentious, but what we see in the wide range of responses to Coltrane’s musical theory, so well encapsulated in the drawing above, is that his recognition, as Lateef writes, of the “structures of music” was as much for him about scientific discovery as it was a religious experience. Both for him were intuitive processes that “came into existence,” writes Lateef, “in the mind of the musician through abstraction from experience.”</p> <p>Note: An earlier version of this post appeared on our site in 2017.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/02/saint-john-coltrane-the-san-francisco-church-built-on-a-love-supreme.html">Saint John Coltrane: The San Francisco Church Built On <i>A Love Supreme</i></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2016/07/the-secret-link-between-jazz-and-physics-how-einstein-coltrane-shared-improvisation-and-intuition-in-common.html">The Secret Link Between Jazz and Physics: How Einstein & Coltrane Shared Improvisation and Intuition in Common</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/04/behold-john-coltranes-handwritten-outline-for-his-masterpiece-a-love-supreme.html">John Coltrane’s Handwritten Outline for His Masterpiece A Love Supreme</a></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/dancolman" title="Posts by OC" rel="author">OC</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/12/john-coltrane-draws-a-picture-illustrating-the-mathematics-of-music.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/12/john-coltrane-draws-a-picture-illustrating-the-mathematics-of-music.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/12/john-coltrane-draws-a-picture-illustrating-the-mathematics-of-music.html#comments">24</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1112274" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/02/meet-johnny-costa-the-pianist-who-introduced-millions-of-mister-rogers-fans-to-jazz.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Meet Johnny Costa, the Pianist Who Introduced Millions of Mister Rogers Fans to Jazz"> Meet Johnny Costa, the Pianist Who Introduced Millions of Mister Rogers Fans to Jazz </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/k-12" rel="category tag">K-12</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/television" rel="category tag">Television</a> </em> | February 2nd, 2024 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1112274" class="post-1112274 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-jazz category-k-12 category-music category-television"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Z40SZ77CHK0?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Jazz pianist and composer <a href="https://charlescornellstudios.com/bio/">Charles Cornell</a> is not alone in his contempt for the sort of dumbed down musical fare typical of children’s programming.</p> <p>The late <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Costa">Johnny Costa</a>, <em><a href="https://www.misterrogers.org/">Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood</a>’</em>s long-time musical director and a self-described “real jazzer,” was of like mind:</p> <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>Children have ears, and they’re people, and </i><a href="https://nafme.org/blog/how-mister-rogers-neighborhood-impacted-music-education/"><span class="s2"><i>they can hear good music</i></span></a><i> as well as anybody else. So I started right from the beginning playing for them as I would for any adults.</i></span></p> <p>The show not only hooked many young viewers on jazz, it may have planted a subliminal preference for live jazz.</p> <p>None of the show’s music was prerecorded.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Instead, Costa attended every taping, providing live accompaniment just off camera with percussionist <a href="https://www.myretrospect.com/stories/the-notes-that-got-away/">Bobby Rawsthorne</a> and bassist <a href="https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/triblive-tribune-review/name/carl-mcvicker-obituary?id=20310901">Carl McVicker.</a> They were such an integral part of the show’s vibe that in 1985, Mr. Rogers broke the fourth wall to <a href="https://www.misterrogers.org/episodes/meet-the-musicians/">show his “television neighbors” their set up</a>.</p> <p>As Cornell notes, above, host <a href="https://www.misterrogers.org/about-fred-rogers/">Fred Rogers</a>, an accomplished pianist himself, wrote the program’s signature tunes, including its <a href="https://youtu.be/FhAJnx5uwUU?si=nb5o-pKPngF7u3ng">famous opening theme</a>, but left it to Costa to improvise as he saw fit.</p> <p>As a result the opening number varies a bit from episode to episode, with hints of <a href="https://oscarpeterson.com/">Oscar Peterson</a>, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Art-Tatum">Art Tatum</a>, <a href="https://www.theloniousmonkmusic.com/">Thelonius Monk</a> and other jazz world greats.</p> <p>Cornell considers Costa their “criminally unnoticed” equal, but observes that his quarter century of involvement on <em>Mister Rogers Neighborhood</em> means his music has likely reached a far larger audience.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/xxZWCY-RXaQ?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Costa had carte blanche to noodle as he saw fit under the onscreen proceedings, including the many discussions of feelings. This musical underscoring helped Rogers demonstrate the wide range of human emotions he sought to acknowledge and normalize without condescending to his preschool audience.</p> <p>The show’s website praises Costa for simultaneously knowing “when to stop playing and let the silence take over, as there were times when Fred Rogers didn’t want anything, even music, to distract the children from concentrating on what he was saying or showing.”</p> <p>As Costa revealed:</p> <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>I watch Fred, and there must be some kind of telepathy that we’re not aware of, because somehow I get the message to play or not to play.  I’m sure that some of it has to do with working together all these years, but a lot of it is unexplainable.</i></span></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/0qjt6m2qN5Q?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/hL6ybpVo-Cs?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>The show afforded him the opportunity to play with renowned neighborhood visitors like trumpeter <a href="https://wyntonmarsalis.org/about/bio">Wynton Marsalis</a> and crooner <a href="https://twitter.com/FredRogersPro/status/1422528969912377350" rel="nofollow">Tony Bennett</a>, as well as the Land of Make Believe’s puppets inhabitants.</p> <p>Which is not to say he never ventured outside of the neighborhood. Behold Costa and “Handyman” <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Negri">Joe Negri</a> performing on <em><a href="http://theatreorgans.com/hammond/keng/kenhtml/seventylanetvseries.htm">67 Melody Lane</a></em>, a show geared toward adult viewers.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/rVHHGrkp60E?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Stream more of Johnny Costa’s music for Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood below.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Is66RTxBugY?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/OqWK0ovbork?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><a href="https://laughingsquid.com/mister-rogers-neighborhood-jazz-soundtrack/">via Laughing Squid</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content </strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Mister Rogers Makes a List of His 10 Favorite Books" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/03/mister-rogers-makes-a-list-of-his-10-favorite-books.html" rel="bookmark">Mister Rogers Makes a List of His 10 Favorite Books</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Mr. Rogers’ Nine Rules for Speaking to Children (1977)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/05/mr-rogers-nine-rules-for-speaking-to-children-1977.html" rel="bookmark">Mr. Rogers’ Nine Rules for Speaking to Children (1977)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to The Colors of Mister Rogers’ Hand-Knit Sweaters from 1979 to 2001: A Visual Graph Created with Data Science" href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/10/the-colors-of-mister-rogers-handknit-sweaters-from-1979-to-2001-a-visual-graph-created-with-data-science.html" rel="bookmark">The Colors of Mister Rogers’ Hand-Knit Sweaters from 1979 to 2001: A Visual Graph Created with Data Science</a></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s3"><i>Via </i><a href="https://laughingsquid.com/mister-rogers-neighborhood-jazz-soundtrack/"><span class="s4"><i>Laughing Squid</i></span></a></span></p> <p class="p6"><span class="s5"><i>– </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s6"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s6"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Not-Famous-Potato-Manifesto/dp/1648410596/"><span class="s6"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i> and </i><a href="https://ayunhalliday.com/small-potato-manifesto/creative-not-famous-activity-book/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s6"><i>Creative, Not Famous Activity Book</i></span></a><i>. Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s6"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ayunh" title="Posts by Ayun Halliday" rel="author">Ayun Halliday</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/02/meet-johnny-costa-the-pianist-who-introduced-millions-of-mister-rogers-fans-to-jazz.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/02/meet-johnny-costa-the-pianist-who-introduced-millions-of-mister-rogers-fans-to-jazz.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/02/meet-johnny-costa-the-pianist-who-introduced-millions-of-mister-rogers-fans-to-jazz.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1109746" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/08/watch-nina-simones-flawless-tribute-to-johann-sebastian-bach-on-the-ed-sullivan-show-1960.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Watch Nina Simone’s Flawless Tribute to Johann Sebastian Bach on <i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i> (1960)"> Watch Nina Simone’s Flawless Tribute to Johann Sebastian Bach on <i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i> (1960) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | August 11th, 2023 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1109746" class="post-1109746 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-jazz category-music"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/5cnZjClf6zM?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Some 80 years ago, in a small North Carolina town, Eunice Waymon, a musically gifted, nine-year-old black girl, began taking piano lessons in the home of an exacting Englishwoman named <a href="https://www.kcrw.com/music/articles/nina-simone-and-miss-mazzy">Muriel Mazzanovich</a>.</p> <p>At first, young Eunice — the given name of jazz superstar <a href="https://www.ninasimone.com/">Nina Simone</a> — felt intimidated, recalling in her autobiography, <em><a href="https://amzn.to/3seI4IA">I Put a Spell on You</a>,</em> that they “only played Bach and he seemed so complicated and different:”</p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;"><i>In those first lessons, it seemed like the only thing she said was, “You must do it this way, Eunice. Bach would like it this way. Do it again.” And so I would.</i></p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;"><em>As time went on I understood why Mrs. Mazzanovich only allowed me to practice Bach and soon I loved him as much as she did. He is technically perfect… Once I understood Bach’s music I never wanted to be anything other than a concert pianist. Bach made me dedicate my life to music.</em></p> <p>Her talent, commitment, and progress were such that other citizens of Tryon, North Carolina pitched in to help her afford a summer session at New York City’s famed <a href="https://www.juilliard.edu/">Juilliard School</a>, prior to auditioning for Philadelphia’s <a href="https://www.curtis.edu/">Curtis Institute of Music</a>.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>“I knew I was good enough, but (the Curtis Institute) turned me down,” she says in the documentary, <em><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/24/movies/review-what-happened-miss-simone-documents-nina-simones-rise-as-singer-and-activist.html">What Happened, Miss Simone?</a> </em>“And it took me about six months to realize it was because I was Black. I never really got over that jolt of racism at the time.”</p> <p>And yet, she persevered, becoming active in the Civil Rights movement and using the proceeds from her debut album, <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Girl_Blue_(album)">Little Girl Blue</a>,</em> to further her classical training.</p> <p>On September 11, 1960, Simone, who had scored a Top 20 hit the previous year with a cover of “<a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/nina_simone_sings_her_breakthrough_song_i_loves_you_porgy_in_1962.html">I Loves You, Porgy</a>” from George Gershwin’s <em>Porgy and Bess</em>, made her national television debut on <em><a href="https://www.edsullivan.com/show-history/">The Ed Sullivan Show</a>.</em></p> <p>Performing before an all-white studio audience, she paid tribute to both her early training and the genre that would make her a star, imbuing the 1928 jazz standard “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Me_or_Leave_Me_(Donaldson_and_Kahn_song)">Love Me Or Leave Me</a>,” above, with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterpoint">counterpoint</a> solo in the style of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventions_and_Sinfonias">Bach’s Inventions</a>.</p> <p>It was a skill she had developed during a standing piano gig at Atlantic City’s Midtown Bar and Grill. Its owner demanded that she sing as well as play, and she agreed out of necessity, improvising, experimenting, and occasionally allowing herself flights of classical fancy that did not go unnoticed by local music aficionados.</p> <p>She prided herself on bringing a classical musician’s absolute concentration to these performances, and expected the audience to abide by a similar code, taking her hands off the keys if a rowdy drunk talked over her, noting that “if they don’t want to listen, I don’t want to play:”</p> <p class="p8" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s2"><i>When you play Bach’s music, you have to understand that he’s a mathematician and all the notes you play add up to something — they make sense. They always add up to climaxes, like ocean waves getting bigger and bigger until after a while so many waves have gathered you have a great storm. Each note you play is connected to the next note, and every note has to be executed perfectly or the whole effect is lost.</i></span></p> <p class="p10"><span class="s2">Throughout her storied career, she found ways to weave Bach-like fugues and other classical references into her work. Witness her 1987 performance of “My Baby Just Cares For Me” at the Montreux Jazz Festival, below.<br> </span></p> <p class="p10"><span class="s2"></span></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/OeHTsR5Y1bc?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><strong>Related Content </strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to How Nina Simone Became Hip Hop’s “Secret Weapon”: From Lauryn Hill to Jay Z and Kanye West" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/02/how-nina-simone-became-hip-hops-secret-weapon.html" rel="bookmark">How Nina Simone Became Hip Hop’s “Secret Weapon”: From Lauryn Hill to Jay Z and Kanye West</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Nina Simone Writes an Admiring Letter to Langston Hughes: “Brother, You’ve Got a Fan Now!” (1966)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/08/nina-simone-writes-an-admiring-letter-to-langston-hughes.html" rel="bookmark">Nina Simone Writes an Admiring Letter to Langston Hughes: “Brother, You’ve Got a Fan Now!” (1966)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Nina Simone’s Live Performances of Her Poignant Civil Rights Protest Songs" href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/03/nina-simones-poignant-live-performances-of-her-civil-rights-protest-songs.html" rel="bookmark">Nina Simone’s Live Performances of Her Poignant Civil Rights Protest Songs</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Nina Simone Song “Color Is a Beautiful Thing” Animated in a Gorgeous Video" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/05/nina-simone-song-color-is-a-beautiful-thing-animated-in-a-gorgeous-video.html" rel="bookmark">Nina Simone Song “Color Is a Beautiful Thing” Animated in a Gorgeous Video</a></p> <p class="p11"><span class="s7"><i>– </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s8"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s8"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Not-Famous-Potato-Manifesto/dp/1648410596/"><span class="s8"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i> and </i><a href="https://ayunhalliday.com/small-potato-manifesto/creative-not-famous-activity-book/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s8"><i>Creative, Not Famous Activity Book</i></span></a><i>. Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s8"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ayunh" title="Posts by Ayun Halliday" rel="author">Ayun Halliday</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/08/watch-nina-simones-flawless-tribute-to-johann-sebastian-bach-on-the-ed-sullivan-show-1960.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/08/watch-nina-simones-flawless-tribute-to-johann-sebastian-bach-on-the-ed-sullivan-show-1960.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/08/watch-nina-simones-flawless-tribute-to-johann-sebastian-bach-on-the-ed-sullivan-show-1960.html#comments">14</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1108565" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/05/watch-original-schoolhouse-rock-composers-sing-conjunction-junction.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Watch the Original <i>Schoolhouse Rock</i> Composers Sing “Conjunction Junction” and “I’m Just a Bill” Live in Concert"> Watch the Original <i>Schoolhouse Rock</i> Composers Sing “Conjunction Junction” and “I’m Just a Bill” Live in Concert </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/education" rel="category tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/english_language" rel="category tag">English Language</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/k-12" rel="category tag">K-12</a> </em> | May 22nd, 2023 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1108565" class="post-1108565 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-education category-english_language category-jazz category-k-12"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/KWcMmsgA-Ew?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>At first blush, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/12/schoolhouse_rock_at_40_still_fabulous_and_rocking_on.html"><em>Schoolhouse Rock!</em></a>, the interstitial animations airing between ABC’s Saturday morning cartoon line up from 1973 to 1984, may seem like a catchy, educational equivalent of sneaking <a href="https://sochiclife.com/the-sneaky-chef-spinach-pancakes-your-kids-will-eat-2/">spinach into pancakes</a> (and a major <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/GenX/comments/10cnftj/happy_50th_birthday_schoolhouse_rock_gen_x_owes/">Gen X touchstone</a>.)</p> <p>Not so fast! It’s also jazz, baby!</p> <p>Jazz pianist <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2018/04/24/605232291/bob-dorough-jazz-musician-best-known-for-schoolhouse-rock-dead-at-94" rel="nofollow">Bob Dorough</a> recalled how an ad exec at a New York ad agency pitched the idea:</p> <p class="p3" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>My little boys can’t memorize their times tables, but they sing along with Jimi Hendrix and the Rolling Stones, so why don’t you put it to rock music and we’ll call it Multiplication Rock?</i></span></p> <p>Dorough, whose compositional preferences ran to “extravagant love songs” and vocal challenging numbers, realized that his first order of business would be to write a good song:</p> <p style="padding-left: 40px;"><em>I hit upon the idea, let’s pick a number. Three! That’s a good number. And I sat down at the piano and started fooling around. It took me 2 weeks.</em></p> <p>In his hands, <a href="https://www.alivewithideas.com/blog/three-is-the-magic-number/">three</a> became <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJlwFvVrW50">a magic number</a>, an ear worm to bring even the most reluctant elementary mathematicians up to speed in no time.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Eventually, Dorough was able to bring many of his jazz world friends into the fold, including, most famously, trumpeter and <em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merv_Griffin_Show">Merv Griffin Show</a> </em>sidekick <a href="https://variety.com/2019/music/news/jack-sheldon-dead-dies-trumpet-player-merv-griffin-schoolhouse-rock-1203454510/">Jack Sheldon</a>, whose one-of-a-kind delivery is the hands down highlight of “Conjunction Junction.”</p> <p>(Many Schoolhouse Rock! fans, viewing the excerpt of the duo’s mid-90’s live appearance on the KTLA Morning Show, above, professed disbelief that Sheldon’s soul was of the blue-eyed variety, even though the animated engineer who serves as his avatar in that three minute episode is white.)</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/4AyjKgz9tKg?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA03fpe8F68">In an interview</a> with the director of the <a href="https://www.hamilton.edu/campuslife/arts-at-hamilton/jazzarchive">Fillius Jazz Archive</a> at Hamilton College, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA03fpe8F68">Sheldon agreed</a> that the series owed a major debt to jazz:</p> <p class="p3" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>When we made Conjunction Junction, it was me and </i><a href="https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/teddy-edwards/"><span class="s2"><i>Teddy Edwards</i></span></a><i> and </i><a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-14-mn-2736-story.html"><span class="s2"><i>Nick Ceroli</i></span></a><i> and </i><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/aug/27/guardianobituaries"><span class="s2"><i>Leroy Vinegar</i></span></a><i> and Bob Dorough played the piano. That’s a jazz band…it was really nothing to do with rock. It was always jazz, but we said rock and roll, so everybody loved it for rock and roll.</i></span></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/oZlqQ8loLkA?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Another memorable collaboration between Sheldon and Dorough is the much parodied “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I'm_Just_a_Bill">I’m Just a Bill</a>,” in which a weary scroll loiters on the steps of the Capital Building, explaining to a wide eyed youngster (voiced by his son) the process by which a bill becomes law.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/OgVKvqTItto?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/gq2iBkMXwHE?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Doroughs’ <em>Schoolhouse Rock!</em> contributions include the haunting <a href="https://youtu.be/p-yBnYM14qM?t=11">Figure Eight</a>, the folky <a href="https://youtu.be/KS2q1Rz_76A">Lucky Seven Sampson</a>, whose sentiments Dorough identified with most closely, and <a href="https://youtu.be/2BgYGHsW8fY">Naughty Number Nine</a>, which his protégé, singer-songwriter <a href="http://www.nelliemckay.com/bio-2">Nellie McKay</a> singled out for <a href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/schoolhouse-rock-songs-musicians-impact-9623860/">special praise</a>, “cause it was kind of weird and subversive:”</p> <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>(It) made me want to gamble and win.</i> <i>I got hooked when I heard Bob’s jazzy rasp of a voice breaking the rules even as he explained them… this guy had a wild mind, which I figured out later equaled creativity</i>.</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2018/04/24/605232291/bob-dorough-jazz-musician-best-known-for-schoolhouse-rock-dead-at-94" rel="nofollow">She also paid</a> the perpetually sunny Dorough, whom she first encountered “glow(ing) with health and good cheer, spreading sunshine wherever he went on the campus of East Stroudsburg University, the supreme compliment:</p> <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s2"><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/an-animated-lou-reed-describes-the-velvet-undergrounds-artistic-goals.html"><i>Lou Reed</i></a></span><span class="s1"><i>’s idea of hell would be to sit in heaven with Bob Dorough</i>.<br> </span></p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/5i2AN2CC-60?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s2">via <a href="https://laughingsquid.com/schoolhouse-rock-conjunction-junction/">Laughing Squid</a></span></p> <p><strong>Related Content </strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Schoolhouse Rock: Revisit a Collection of Nostalgia-Inducing Educational Videos" href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/12/schoolhouse_rock_at_40_still_fabulous_and_rocking_on.html" rel="bookmark">Schoolhouse Rock: Revisit a Collection of Nostalgia-Inducing Educational Videos</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to I’m Just a Pill: A <i>Schoolhouse Rock</i> Classic Gets Reimagined to Defend Reproductive Rights in 2017" href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/03/im-just-a-pill.html" rel="bookmark">I’m Just a Pill: A Schoolhouse Rock Classic Gets Reimagined to Defend Reproductive Rights in 2017</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to <i>Conspiracy Theory Rock</i>: The Schoolhouse Rock Parody <i>Saturday Night Live</i> May Have Censored" href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/conspiracy-theory-rock.html" rel="bookmark">Conspiracy Theory Rock: The Schoolhouse Rock Parody Saturday Night Live May Have Censored</a></p> <p class="p6"><span class="s3"><i>– </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s4"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s4"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Not-Famous-Potato-Manifesto/dp/1648410596/"><span class="s4"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i> and </i><a href="https://ayunhalliday.com/small-potato-manifesto/creative-not-famous-activity-book/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s4"><i>Creative, Not Famous Activity Book</i></span></a><i>. Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s4"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ayunh" title="Posts by Ayun Halliday" rel="author">Ayun Halliday</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/05/watch-original-schoolhouse-rock-composers-sing-conjunction-junction.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/05/watch-original-schoolhouse-rock-composers-sing-conjunction-junction.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/05/watch-original-schoolhouse-rock-composers-sing-conjunction-junction.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1108086" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/04/watch-cab-calloway-actually-perform-mr-hepsters-dictionary.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Watch Cab Calloway Actually Perform “Mr. Hepster’s Dictionary,” His Famous Dictionary of Jazz Slang (1944)"> Watch Cab Calloway Actually Perform “Mr. Hepster’s Dictionary,” His Famous Dictionary of Jazz Slang (1944) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/english_language" rel="category tag">English Language</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | April 24th, 2023 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1108086" class="post-1108086 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-english_language category-jazz category-music"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/b3rjQnfm6Yk?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Who’s up for a good dictionary on film?</p> <p>Colin Browning, assistant editor of <em>The Bluff,</em> a Loyola Marymount University student newspaper, has some <a href="https://www.laloyolan.com/the_bluff/dwayne-johnson-headlines-the-dictionary-movie-adaptation-as-a-rock/article_fa069835-2235-59f6-9bd1-ac6e3ae333a0.html" rel="nofollow">kopasetic casting suggestions</a> for a hypothetical feature adaptation of the “Merriam-Webster classic.”</p> <p>He’s just muggin’, of course. Still, he seems like a young man who’s got his boots on.</p> <p>Dig?</p> <p>…no?</p> <p>In that case, you’d best acquaint yourself with the only cinematic dictionary adaptation we’re aware of, the Mr. Hepcat’s Dictionary number from <em><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0037258/">Sensations of 1945</a></em>, above.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>Musical team Al Sherman & Harry Tobias drew directly from <em><a href="https://graphicarts.princeton.edu/2021/03/04/a-hepsters-dictionary/">Cab Calloway’s Cat-ologue: a Hepster’s Dictionary</a></em>, a lexicon of Harlem jazz musicians’ slang originally published in 1938 ’ when choosing terms for Calloway to define for a young protégée, eager to be schooled in “the lingo all the jitterbugs use today.”</p> <p>In between, Calloway, lays some iron in white tie and tails.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108140 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="653" height="532" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2.jpg 653w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2-360x293.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2-240x196.jpg 240w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108140" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2.jpg" alt width="653" height="532" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2.jpg 653w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2-360x293.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23212955/cab-2-240x196.jpg 240w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px"></noscript></p> <p>By the time the film came out, Calloway’s <em><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/cab-calloways-hepster-dictionary.html">Hepster Dictionary</a></em> was in its seventh edition, and had earned its place as the official jive language reference book of the New York Public Library.</p> <p>As Calloway wrote in the foreword to the sixth edition:</p> <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>“Jive talk” is now an everyday part of the English language. Its usage is now accepted in the movies, on the stage, and in the song products of Tin Pan Alley. It is reasonable to assume that jive will find new avenues in such hitherto remote places as Australia, the South Pacific, North Africa, China, Italy, France, Sicily, and inevitably Germany and wherever our Armed Forces may serve.</i></span></p> <p class="p1" style="padding-left: 40px;"><span class="s1"><i>I don’t want to lend the impression here that the many words contained in this edition are the figments of my imagination. They were gathered from every conceivable source. Many first saw the light of printer’s ink in Billy Rowe’s widely read column “The Notebook,” in the Pittsburgh Courier.</i></span></p> <p class="p1">And now to enrich our vocabularies…</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108141 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="736" height="979" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b.jpg 736w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b-271x360.jpg 271w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b-180x240.jpg 180w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108141" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b.jpg" alt width="736" height="979" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b.jpg 736w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b-271x360.jpg 271w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213428/16013518229_612934ae4d_b-180x240.jpg 180w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px"></noscript></p> <p class="p1"><strong><span class="s1">HEPSTER’S DICTIONARY</span></strong></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> A</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> A hummer</b> (n.): exceptionally good. Ex., “Man, that boy is a hummer.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Ain’t coming on that tab</b> (v.): won’t accept the proposition. Usually abbr. to “I ain’t coming.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Alligator</b> (n.): jitterbug.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Apple</b> (n.): the big town, the main stem, Harlem.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Armstrongs</b> (n.): musical notes in the upper register, high trumpet notes.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> B</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Barbecue</b> (n.): the girl friend, a beauty.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Barrelhouse</b> (adj.): free and easy.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Battle</b> (n.): a very homely girl, a crone.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Beat</b> (adj.): (1) tired, exhausted. Ex., “You look beat” or “I feel beat.” (2) lacking anything. Ex, “I am beat for my cash”, “I am beat to my socks” (lacking everything).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Beat it out</b> (v.): play it hot, emphasize the rhythm.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Beat up</b> (adj.): sad, uncomplimentary, tired.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Beat up the chops</b> (or the gums) (v.): to talk, converse, be loquacious.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Beef</b> (v.): to say, to state. Ex., “He beefed to me that, etc.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Bible</b> (n.): the gospel truth. Ex., “It’s the bible!”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Black</b> (n.): night.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Black and tan</b> (n.): dark and light colored folks. Not colored and white folks as erroneously assumed.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Blew their wigs</b> (adj.): excited with enthusiasm, gone crazy.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Blip</b> (n.): something very good. Ex., “That’s a blip”; “She’s a blip.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Blow the top</b> (v.): to be overcome with emotion (delight). Ex., “You’ll blow your top when you hear this one.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Boogie-woogie</b> (n.): harmony with accented bass.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Boot</b> (v.): to give. Ex., “Boot me that glove.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Break it up</b> (v.): to win applause, to stop the show.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Bree</b> (n.): girl.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Bright</b> (n.): day.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Brightnin’</b> (n.): daybreak.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Bring down</b> ((1) n. (2) v.): (1) something depressing. Ex., “That’s a bring down.” (2) Ex., “That brings me down.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Buddy ghee</b> (n.): fellow.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Bust your conk</b> (v.): apply yourself diligently, break your neck.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> C</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Canary</b> (n.): girl vocalist.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Capped</b> (v.): outdone, surpassed.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Cat</b> (n.): musician in swing band.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Chick</b> (n.): girl.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Chime</b> (n.): hour. Ex., “I got in at six chimes.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Clambake</b> (n.): ad lib session, every man for himself, a jam session not in the groove.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Chirp</b> (n.): female singer.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Cogs</b> (n.): sun glasses.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Collar</b> (v.): to get, to obtain, to comprehend. Ex., “I gotta collar me some food”; “Do you collar this jive?”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Come again</b> (v.): try it over, do better than you are doing, I don’t understand you.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Comes on like gangbusters (or like test pilot)</b> (v.): plays, sings, or dances in a terrific manner, par excellence in any department. Sometimes abbr. to “That singer really comes on!”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Cop</b> (v.): to get, to obtain (see collar; knock).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Corny</b> (adj.): old-fashioned, stale.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Creeps out like the shadow</b> (v.): “comes on,” but in smooth, suave, sophisticated manner.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><strong> Crumb crushers</strong> (n.): teeth.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Cubby</b> (n.): room, flat, home.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Cups</b> (n.): sleep. Ex., “I gotta catch some cups.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Cut out</b> (v.): to leave, to depart. Ex., “It’s time to cut out”; “I cut out from the joint in early bright.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Cut rate</b> (n.): a low, cheap person. Ex., “Don’t play me cut rate, Jack!”</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> D</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Dicty</b> (adj.): high-class, nifty, smart.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Dig</b> (v.): (1) meet. Ex., “I’ll plant you now and dig you later.” (2) look, see. Ex., “Dig the chick on your left duke.” (3) comprehend, understand. Ex., “Do you dig this jive?”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Dim</b> (n.): evening.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Dime note</b> (n.): ten-dollar bill.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Doghouse</b> (n.): bass fiddle.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Domi</b> (n.): ordinary place to live in. Ex., “I live in a righteous domi.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Doss</b> (n.): sleep. Ex., “I’m a little beat for my doss.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Down with it</b> (adj.): through with it.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Drape</b> (n.): suit of clothes, dress, costume.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Dreamers</b> (n.): bed covers, blankets.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Dry-goods</b> (n.): same as drape.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Duke</b> (n.): hand, mitt.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Dutchess</b> (n.): girl.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> E</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Early black</b> (n.): evening</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Early bright</b> (n.): morning.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Evil</b> (adj.): in ill humor, in a nasty temper.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> F</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Fall out</b> (v.): to be overcome with emotion. Ex., “The cats fell out when he took that solo.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Fews and two</b> (n.): money or cash in small quantity.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Final</b> (v.): to leave, to go home. Ex., “I finaled to my pad” (went to bed); “We copped a final” (went home).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Fine dinner</b> (n.): a good-looking girl.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Focus</b> (v.): to look, to see.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Foxy</b> (v.): shrewd.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Frame</b> (n.): the body.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Fraughty issue</b> (n.): a very sad message, a deplorable state of affairs.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Freeby</b> (n.): no charge, gratis. Ex., “The meal was a freeby.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Frisking the whiskers</b> (v.): what the cats do when they are warming up for a swing session.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Frolic pad</b> (n.): place of entertainment, theater, nightclub.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Fromby</b> (adj.): a frompy queen is a battle or faust.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Front</b> (n.): a suit of clothes.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Fruiting</b> (v.): fickle, fooling around with no particular object.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Fry</b> (v.): to go to get hair straightened.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> G</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Gabriels</b> (n.): trumpet players.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Gammin’</b> (adj.): showing off, flirtatious.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Gasser</b> (n, adj.): sensational. Ex., “When it comes to dancing, she’s a gasser.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Gate</b> (n.): a male person (a salutation), abbr. for “gate-mouth.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Get in there</b> (exclamation.): go to work, get busy, make it hot, give all you’ve got.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Gimme some skin</b> (v.): shake hands.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Glims</b> (n.): the eyes.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Got your boots on</b>: you know what it is all about, you are a hep cat, you are wise.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Got your glasses on</b>: you are ritzy or snooty, you fail to recognize your friends, you are up-stage.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Gravy</b> (n.): profits.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Grease</b> (v.): to eat.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Groovy</b> (adj.): fine. Ex., “I feel groovy.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Ground grippers</b> (n.): new shoes.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Growl</b> (n.): vibrant notes from a trumpet.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Gut-bucket</b> (adj.): low-down music.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Guzzlin’ foam</b> (v.): drinking beer.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> H</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hard</b> (adj.): fine, good. Ex., “That’s a hard tie you’re wearing.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hard spiel</b> (n.): interesting line of talk.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Have a ball</b> (v.): to enjoy yourself, stage a celebration. Ex., “I had myself a ball last night.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hep cat</b> (n.): a guy who knows all the answers, understands jive.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hide-beater</b> (n.): a drummer (see skin-beater).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hincty</b> (adj.): conceited, snooty.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hip</b> (adj.): wise, sophisticated, anyone with boots on. Ex., “She’s a hip chick.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Home-cooking</b> (n.): something very dinner (see fine dinner).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hot</b> (adj.): musically torrid; before swing, tunes were hot or bands were hot.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Hype</b> (n, v.): build up for a loan, wooing a girl, persuasive talk.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> I</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Icky</b> (n.): one who is not hip, a stupid person, can’t collar the jive.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Igg</b> (v.): to ignore someone. Ex., “Don’t igg me!)</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> In the groove</b> (adj.): perfect, no deviation, down the alley.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> J</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Jack</b> (n.): name for all male friends (see gate; pops).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Jam</b> ((1)n, (2)v.): (1) improvised swing music. Ex., “That’s swell jam.” (2) to play such music. Ex., “That cat surely can jam.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Jeff</b> (n.): a pest, a bore, an icky.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Jelly</b> (n.): anything free, on the house.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Jitterbug</b> (n.): a swing fan.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Jive</b> (n.): Harlemese speech.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Joint is jumping</b>: the place is lively, the club is leaping with fun.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Jumped in port</b> (v.): arrived in town.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> K</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Kick</b> (n.): a pocket. Ex., “I’ve got five bucks in my kick.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Kill me</b> (v.): show me a good time, send me.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Killer-diller</b> (n.): a great thrill.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Knock</b> (v.): give. Ex., “Knock me a kiss.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Kopasetic</b> (adj.): absolutely okay, the tops.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> L</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Lamp</b> (v.): to see, to look at.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><strong> Land o’darkness</strong> (n.): Harlem.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Lane</b> (n.): a male, usually a nonprofessional.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Latch on</b> (v.): grab, take hold, get wise to.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Lay some iron</b> (v.): to tap dance. Ex., “Jack, you really laid some iron that last show!”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Lay your racket</b> (v.): to jive, to sell an idea, to promote a proposition.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Lead sheet</b> (n.): a topcoat.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Left raise</b> (n.): left side. Ex., “Dig the chick on your left raise.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Licking the chops</b> (v.): see frisking the whiskers.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Licks</b> (n.): hot musical phrases.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Lily whites</b> (n.): bed sheets.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Line</b> (n.): cost, price, money. Ex., “What is the line on this drape” (how much does this suit cost)? “Have you got the line in the mouse” (do you have the cash in your pocket)? Also, in replying, all figures are doubled. Ex., “This drape is line forty” (this suit costs twenty dollars).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Lock up</b>: to acquire something exclusively. Ex., “He’s got that chick locked up”; “I’m gonna lock up that deal.”</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> M</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Main kick</b> (n.): the stage.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><strong> Main on the hitch </strong>(n.): husband.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Main queen</b> (n.): favorite girl friend, sweetheart.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Man in gray</b> (n.): the postman.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Mash me a fin</b> (command.): Give me $5.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Mellow</b> (adj.): all right, fine. Ex., “That’s mellow, Jack.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Melted out</b> (adj.): broke.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Mess</b> (n.): something good. Ex., “That last drink was a mess.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Meter</b> (n.): quarter, twenty-five cents.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Mezz</b> (n.): anything supreme, genuine. Ex., “this is really the mezz.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Mitt pounding</b> (n.): applause.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Moo juice</b> (n.): milk.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Mouse</b> (n.): pocket. Ex., “I’ve got a meter in the mouse.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Muggin’</b> (v.): making ’em laugh, putting on the jive. “Muggin’ lightly,” light staccato swing; “muggin’ heavy,” heavy staccato swing.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Murder</b> (n.): something excellent or terrific. Ex., “That’s solid murder, gate!”</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> N</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Neigho, pops</b>: Nothing doing, pal.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Nicklette</b> (n.): automatic phonograph, music box.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Nickel note</b> (n.): five-dollar bill.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Nix out</b> (v.): to eliminate, get rid of. Ex., “I nixed that chick out last week”; “I nixed my garments” (undressed).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Nod</b> (n.): sleep. Ex., “I think I’l cop a nod.”</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> O</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Ofay</b> (n.): white person.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Off the cob</b> (adj.): corny, out of date.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Off-time jive</b> (n.): a sorry excuse, saying the wrong thing.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Orchestration</b> (n.): an overcoat.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Out of the world</b> (adj.): perfect rendition. Ex., “That sax chorus was out of the world.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Ow!</b>: an exclamation with varied meaning. When a beautiful chick passes by, it’s “Ow!”; and when someone pulls an awful pun, it’s also “Ow!”</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> P</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Pad</b> (n.): bed.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Pecking</b> (n.): a dance introduced at the Cotton Club in 1937.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Peola</b> (n.): a light person, almost white.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Pigeon</b> (n.): a young girl.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Pops</b> (n.): salutation for all males (see gate; Jack).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Pounders</b> (n.): policemen.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> Q</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Queen</b> (n.): a beautiful girl.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> R</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Rank</b> (v.): to lower.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Ready</b> (adj.): 100 per cent in every way. Ex., “That fried chicken was ready.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Ride</b> (v.): to swing, to keep perfect tempo in playing or singing.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Riff</b> (n.): hot lick, musical phrase.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Righteous</b> (adj.): splendid, okay. Ex., “That was a righteous queen I dug you with last black.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Rock me</b> (v.): send me, kill me, move me with rhythm.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Ruff</b> (n.): quarter, twenty-five cents.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Rug cutter</b> (n.): a very good dancer, an active jitterbug.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> S</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Sad</b> (adj.): very bad. Ex., “That was the saddest meal I ever collared.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Sadder than a map</b> (adj.): terrible. Ex., “That man is sadder than a map.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Salty</b> (adj.): angry, ill-tempered.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Sam got you</b>: you’ve been drafted into the army.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Send</b> (v.): to arouse the emotions. (joyful). Ex., “That sends me!”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><strong> Set of seven brights</strong> (n.): one week.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Sharp</b> (adj.): neat, smart, tricky. Ex., “That hat is sharp as a tack.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Signify</b> (v.): to declare yourself, to brag, to boast.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Skins</b> (n.): drums.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Skin-beater</b> (n.): drummer (see hide-beater).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Sky piece</b> (n.): hat.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Slave</b> (v.): to work, whether arduous labor or not.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Slide your jib</b> (v.): to talk freely.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Snatcher</b> (n.): detective.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> So help me</b>: it’s the truth, that’s a fact.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Solid</b> (adj.): great, swell, okay.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Sounded off</b> (v.): began a program or conversation.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Spoutin’</b> (v.): talking too much.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Square</b> (n.): an unhep person (see icky; Jeff).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Stache</b> (v.): to file, to hide away, to secrete.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Stand one up</b> (v.): to play one cheap, to assume one is a cut-rate.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> To be stashed</b> (v.): to stand or remain.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Susie‑Q</b> (n.): a dance introduced at the Cotton Club in 1936.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> T</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Take it slow</b> (v.): be careful.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Take off</b> (v.): play a solo.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> The man</b> (n.): the law.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Threads</b> (n.): suit, dress or costume (see drape; dry-goods).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Tick</b> (n.): minute, moment. Ex., “I’ll dig you in a few ticks.” Also, ticks are doubled in accounting time, just as money is doubled in giving “line.” Ex., “I finaled to the pad this early bright at tick twenty” (I got to bed this morning at ten o’clock).</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Timber</b> (n.): toothpick.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> To dribble</b> (v.): to stutter. Ex., “He talked in dribbles.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Togged to the bricks</b>: dressed to kill, from head to toe.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Too much</b> (adj.): term of highest praise. Ex., “You are too much!”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Trickeration</b> (n.): struttin’ your stuff, muggin’ lightly and politely.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Trilly</b> (v.): to leave, to depart. Ex., “Well, I guess I’ll trilly.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Truck</b> (v.): to go somewhere. Ex., “I think I’ll truck on down to the ginmill (bar).”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Trucking</b> (n.): a dance introduced at the Cotton Club in 1933.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Twister to the slammer</b> (n.): the key to the door.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Two cents</b> (n.): two dollars.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> U</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Unhep</b> (adj.): not wise to the jive, said of an icky, a Jeff, a square.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> V</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Vine</b> (n.): a suit of clothes.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> V‑8</b> (n.): a chick who spurns company, is independent, is not amenable.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> W</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> What’s your story?</b>: What do you want? What have you got to say for yourself? How are tricks? What excuse can you offer? Ex., “I don’t know what his story is.”</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Whipped up</b> (adj.): worn out, exhausted, beat for your everything.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Wren</b> (n.): a chick, a queen.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Wrong riff</b>: the wrong thing said or done. Ex., “You’re coming up on the wrong riff.”</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> Y</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Yarddog</b> (n.): uncouth, badly attired, unattractive male or female.</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Yeah, man</b>: an exclamation of assent.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"> Z</span></p> <ul class="ul1"> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Zoot</b> (adj.): exaggerated</span></li> <li class="li1"><b></b><span class="s1"><b> Zoot suit</b> (n.): the ultimate in clothes. The only totally and truly American civilian suit.</span></li> </ul> <p class="p5"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108142 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1280" height="1054" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280.jpg 1280w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-360x296.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-1024x843.jpg 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-240x198.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-768x632.jpg 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108142" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280.jpg" alt width="1280" height="1054" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280.jpg 1280w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-360x296.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-1024x843.jpg 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-240x198.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213515/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno2_1280-768x632.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px"></noscript></p> <p class="p5"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108145 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt width="1280" height="1048" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280.jpg 1280w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-360x295.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-240x197.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-768x629.jpg 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1108145" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280.jpg" alt width="1280" height="1048" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280.jpg 1280w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-360x295.jpg 360w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-240x197.jpg 240w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/2023/04/23213701/tumblr_pm7euwNVDO1ufxwwno1_1280-768x629.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px"></noscript></p> <p>That’s solid murder, gate!</p> <p>If you’re not too beat, <a href="http://npr.org/jazznight">Jazz Night In America</a> builds on Calloway’s dictionary with some additional vocabulary in the video below. Watch it for the meanings of stank, ictus, swoop, and scoop, defined collectively by drummer <a href="https://alidrums.com/">Ali Jackson</a> as the sort of colloquialisms you use when you “don’t want everyone to know what you’re saying, but you want to express a point.”</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/cskbD2MYws0?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Listen to poet <a href="https://www.lemnsissay.com/lemn">Lemn Sissay</a>’s BBC history of Cab Calloway’s <em>Hepster’s Dictionary</em> <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/b04mcmnl">here</a>.</p> <p><strong>Related Content </strong></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Cab Calloway’s “Hepster Dictionary,” a 1939 Glossary of the Lingo (the “Jive”) of the Harlem Renaissance" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/cab-calloways-hepster-dictionary.html" rel="bookmark">Cab Calloway’s “Hepster Dictionary,” a 1939 Glossary of the Lingo (the “Jive”) of the Harlem Renaissance</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to One of the Greatest Dances Sequences Ever Captured on Film Gets Restored in Color by AI: Watch the Classic Scene from <i>Stormy Weather</i>" href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/12/one-of-the-greatest-dances-sequences-ever-captured-on-film-gets-restored-in-color-by-ai-watch-the-classic-scene-from-stormy-weather.html" rel="bookmark">One of the Greatest Dances Sequences Ever Captured on Film Gets Restored in Color by AI: Watch the Classic Scene from Stormy Weather</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Cab Calloway Stars in “Minnie the Moocher,” a Trippy Betty Boop Cartoon That’s Ranked as the 20th Greatest Cartoon of All Time (1932)" href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/06/cab-calloway-in-minnie-the-moocher-the-trippy-betty-boop-cartoon.html" rel="bookmark">Cab Calloway Stars in “Minnie the Moocher,” a Trippy Betty Boop Cartoon That’s Ranked as the 20th Greatest Cartoon of All Time (1932)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Watch a Surreal 1933 Animation of Snow White, Featuring Cab Calloway & Betty Boop: It’s Ranked as the 19th Greatest Cartoon of All Time" href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/02/behold-a-surreal-1933-animation-of-snow-white.html" rel="bookmark">Watch a Surreal 1933 Animation of Snow White, Featuring Cab Calloway & Betty Boop: It’s Ranked as the 19th Greatest Cartoon of All Time</a></p> <p class="p9"><span class="s7"><i>– </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><span class="s8"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></span></a><i> is the Chief Primatologist of </i><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s8"><i>the East Village Inky</i></span></a><i> zine and author, most recently, of </i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Not-Famous-Potato-Manifesto/dp/1648410596/"><span class="s8"><i>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</i></span></a><i> and </i><a href="https://ayunhalliday.com/small-potato-manifesto/creative-not-famous-activity-book/" rel="nofollow"><span class="s8"><i>Creative, Not Famous Activity Book</i></span></a><i>. Follow her </i><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><span class="s8"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></span></a><i>.</i></span></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ayunh" title="Posts by Ayun Halliday" rel="author">Ayun Halliday</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/04/watch-cab-calloway-actually-perform-mr-hepsters-dictionary.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/04/watch-cab-calloway-actually-perform-mr-hepsters-dictionary.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2023/04/watch-cab-calloway-actually-perform-mr-hepsters-dictionary.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1101393" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/05/great-mixtapes-of-1970s-japanese-jazz-4-hours-of-funky-groovy-fusion-y-music.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Great Mixtapes of 1970s Japanese Jazz: 4 Hours of Funky, Groovy, Fusion‑y Music"> Great Mixtapes of 1970s Japanese Jazz: 4 Hours of Funky, Groovy, Fusion‑y Music </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | May 27th, 2022 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1101393" class="post-1101393 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-jazz category-music"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/b4hoh6CqzwI?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Like American jazz, Japanese jazz started with earlier styles like foxtrot and ragtime. Jazz was an international music, spreading across the Atlantic to London, Paris, and Berlin and across the Pacific to Shanghai, Manilla, and Tokyo. Luxury liners crossed the ocean and their house bands ferried new styles of dance music with them. “There was precious little improvisation,” in early Japanese jazz, “but that wasn’t as big a deal, as you know, in American jazz of the 1910s or ’20s,” <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/ablogsupreme/2014/04/30/308275726/how-japan-came-to-love-jazz">historian E. Taylor Atkins tells NPR</a>.</p> <p>Japan even had its own jazz age. The word first entered the country in a 1929 “popular song attached to a movie called <em>Tokyo March</em>,” says Atkins. “The lyrics refer to jazz, and … that’s sort of where it came into mass consciousness. It was associated with dance halls, it was associated with ‘modern girls’ and ‘modern boys’ — the Japanese version of flappers and dandies — and the urban leisure classes: excess, and dogs and cats sleeping together, and all those sorts of portents of future calamity.”</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>When calamity came in the form of World War II, jazz was banned in Japan as the music of the enemy. On August 15, 1945, when the Emperor went on the radio to announce Japan’s surrender, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryōichi_Hattori">Hattori Ryoichi</a>, “Japan’s premier jazz composer and arranger,” found himself stuck in Shanghai, “the city that since the late 1920s had served as the jazz Mecca of Asia,” Michael Bourdaghs writes in a <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sayonara_Amerika_Sayonara_Nippon/kct-B2llvGEC?hl=en&gbpv=0">history of Japanese pop music</a>. “From now on,” Ryoichi supposedly toasted his fellow musicians upon hearing the news, “we can carry out our musical activities in freedom.”</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/mA8szi1YFZc?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>How little Ryoichi could have predicted the kind of musical freedom Japanese jazz would find. But first there was a period of imitation. “In the early postwar years, Japanese musicians were essentially copying the Americans they admired,” notes <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/jan/12/how-japan-created-its-own-jazz">Dean Van Nguyen at <em>The Guardian</em></a>. Some of the most popular bands on TV and film were comic acts like <a href="https://tohostudiopedia.fandom.com/wiki/Frankie_Sakai_and_the_City_Slickers">Frankie Sakai and the City Slickers</a>, a big band formed in 1953 in imitation of Spike Jones & The City Slickers. Another popular jazz comedy act, <a href="https://tohostudiopedia.fandom.com/wiki/Hajime_Hana_%26_The_Crazy_Cats">Hajime Hana & The Crazy Cats</a> “are significant,” writes Atkins, “for capitalizing and purveying an image of jazz musicians as clownish, slang-singing ne’er-do-wells.”</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/kNRIFhkYONc?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi was “the first Japanese artist to break away from simply copying American artists and develop a distinctive sound and identity that incorporated Japanese harmonies and instruments,” Van Nguyen writes. By the later 60s and 70s, economic development led to a “renaissance” of Japanese jazz, writes the <a href="https://sabukaru.online/articles/sabukaru-guide-to-1970s-japanese-jazz">Sabukaru Guide to 1970’s Japanese Jazz</a>. “The unique creative landscape in the jazz community, along with Japanese music as a whole becoming simultaneously more experimental and mainstream, led to an abundance of excellent Japanese jazz music in the 1970s.”</p> <p>In the four playlists here, you can hear hours of this groundbreaking music from some of the greatest names you’ve probably never heard in Japanese jazz. These include trombonist Hiroshi Suzuki, “one of the most-revered Japanese jazz artists,” notes the blog <a href="https://pinkwafer.club/2022/03/13/japanese-jazz-artists/">Pink Wafer Club</a>, “even if most listers are only familiar with his work thanks to the number of times his music has been sampled.” <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqvMGE9xzT8">Suzuki’s 1975 album <em>Cat</em></a> is one of the funkiest jazz albums from any country released in the decade.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/s-jtdKjzQaE?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>These playlists also include fusion keyboardist Mikio Masuda, saxophonist Sadao Watanabe, and other musicians who, like Akiyoshi, helped spur “young artists to evolve away from Blue Note mimicry towards free jazz, fusion, funk, spiritual, modal and bebop,” writes Van Nguyen. “These daring virtuosos implanted rock and electronic elements, or took influences from Afrobeat and flamenco music.” Their international influences reflected 1970s jazz experiments around the globe. The music also benefitted from the excellent recording quality of Japanese studios and the rise of smaller labels, which allowed for more experimental artists to record and release albums.</p> <p>Find out above why “many young Japanese musicians cite the jazz innovators from this era as influences,” Sabukaru writes. Read about ten of the best 1970s Japanese jazz records <a href="https://sabukaru.online/articles/sabukaru-guide-to-1970s-japanese-jazz">here</a>. See a <a href="https://rateyourmusic.com/list/JerryLovesJazz/the-rym-rough-guide-to-japanese-jazz/" rel="nofollow">huge guide to Japanese jazz from all eras at Rate Your Music</a>, and find tracklists with timestamps for each of the playlists above at their <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhAhJTDnK7dnD9xiqDOyINf7IsjozV0ln">YouTube page</a>.</p> <p><strong>Related Content: </strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/04/a-30-minute-introduction-to-japanese-jazz-from-the-1970s.html">A 30-Minute Introduction to Japanese Jazz from the 1970s: Like Japanese Whisky, It’s Underrated, But Very High Quality</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/05/tune-into-japanese-jazz-week-hear-sonic-explorations-of-rich-jazz-tradition.html">Sonic Explorations of Japanese Jazz: Stream 8 Mixes of Japan’s Jazz Tradition Free Online</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2016/12/acclaimed-japanese-jazz-pianist-yosuke-yamashita-plays-a-burning-piano-on-the-beach.html">Acclaimed Japanese Jazz Pianist Yōsuke Yamashita Plays a Burning Piano on the Beach</a></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><i>Josh Jones</i></a><i> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></i></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/05/great-mixtapes-of-1970s-japanese-jazz-4-hours-of-funky-groovy-fusion-y-music.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/05/great-mixtapes-of-1970s-japanese-jazz-4-hours-of-funky-groovy-fusion-y-music.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2022/05/great-mixtapes-of-1970s-japanese-jazz-4-hours-of-funky-groovy-fusion-y-music.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1097137" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/12/hear-doreen-ketchens-astonishing-rendition-of-the-house-of-the-rising-sun.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Doreen Ketchens’ Astonishing Rendition of “The House of the Rising Sun”: A World-Class Clarinetist Busks on the Streets of New Orleans"> Doreen Ketchens’ Astonishing Rendition of “The House of the Rising Sun”: A World-Class Clarinetist Busks on the Streets of New Orleans </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/education" rel="category tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | December 27th, 2021 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1097137" class="post-1097137 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-education category-jazz category-music"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/0srzSEPeHrk?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <blockquote><p><em>Dirtiness has no description. It is a  feeling. — <a href="https://www.berklee.edu/careers/roles/transcriber">music transcriber</a> George Collier</em></p></blockquote> <p>You may be able to read music and play the clarinet, but it’s extremely unlikely you — or anyone — will be able to play along with <a href="https://clarinet.org/the-jazz-scene-queen-clarinet-interview-with-doreen-ketchens/">Doreen Ketchens</a>’ “dirty” solo on “<a href="https://www.wideopencountry.com/house-of-the-rising-sun-lyrics/">The House of the Rising Sun</a>,” above, despite an assist from <a href="http://www.tpickles.co.uk/home/cv/" rel="nofollow">Tom Pickles</a>’ scrolling transcription.</p> <p><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/vdfi2r92l9o5sal/AAB7LltiSa0uo6AzwURj4MqOa?dl=0">Download the transcription </a>for free and keep trying.</p> <p>It’s what Ketchens, a world renowned clarinetist and music educator, who has played for four US presidents and busks regularly in the French Quarter, would advise.</p> <p>“You have to practice and be ready to perform at the drop of a hat” she told <a href="https://clarinet.org/the-jazz-scene-queen-clarinet-interview-with-doreen-ketchens/"><em>The Clarinet</em></a>’s Ben Redwine, when he asked if she had any advice for young musicians hoping to make it professionally.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>She’s also a strong advocate of listening robustly, not throwing in the towel when someone else gets the job instead of you, and letting your personality come through in your playing:</p> <blockquote><p><em>You don’t want to sound like you’re playing an etude book. This is for all types of music – even classical. You want to move the audience, you want to touch them.</em></p></blockquote> <p>Trained as a classical clarinetist, Ketchens cozied up to jazz shortly after she cozied up to the tuba player who would become her husband. “All of the sudden, jazz wasn’t so bad,” she says:</p> <blockquote><p><em>I started to listen to jazz so I could learn the tunes and fit in with his band. I started listening to Louis Armstrong. He is my biggest influence. Some people call me Mrs. Satchmo, I guess because that concept is in my head. I’ll hear something he plays, which I’ve heard thousands of times, and I’ll think, “What? How did he do that?” Then, I listened to the clarinetists who played with him: </em><a href="https://syncopatedtimes.com/edmond-hall-profiles-in-jazz/"><em>Edmund Hall</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://syncopatedtimes.com/buster-bailey-1902-1967/"><em>Buster Bailey</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://syncopatedtimes.com/barney-bigard-1906-1980/"><em>Barney Bigard</em></a><em>. Those cats were awesome too! Edmund Hall had this thing he could do, where it sounds like he was playing two tones at the same time. People today might hum while they play to achieve something similar, but I don’t think that was what he was doing. Buster Bailey had a similar background to me, starting out with classical music, then learning jazz. Early on, I emulated </em><a href="https://syncopatedtimes.com/jerry-fuller-an-original-duke-of-dixieland-has-passed-at-89/"><em>Jerry Fuller</em></a><em>, clarinetist with the Dukes of Dixieland. I would steal so many of his solos just so I could keep up with my husband’s band. Eventually, I realized what he was doing, and it translated into me being able to improvise. I’d start out transcribing solos, then playing by ear, copying what those clarinetists were doing. I don’t remember those solos now, but I’m sure that I still play snippets of them that creep into my improvisations.</em></p></blockquote> <p>However she got there, she possesses a singular ability to make her instrument growl and her command of 32nd notes makes us feel a little lightheaded.</p> <p>Clarinetists <a href="https://www.clarinetroad.com/new-orleans-clarinet-origins/">abound in New Orleans</a>, and they probably all cover “The House of the Rising Sun,” but you’ll be hard pressed to find a more exciting rendition than Ketchens’ on the corner of St. Peter and Royal, with husband Lawrence on tuba and daughter Dorian on drums.  Here’s the full versions, sans transcription.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/mjr8jZ83vic?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>You want an encore? Of course you do.</p> <p>How about Ketchens’ magnificent solo on “Just a Closer Walk With Thee” for the <a href="https://lpomusic.com/">Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra</a>?</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/EC8_zcGEZjc?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Find more astonishing, transcribed solos and a heaping helping of <a href="https://www.jacobcollier.com/">Jacob Collier</a> on George Collier’s (no relation) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/GeorgeCollier/videos">YouTube Channel</a>.</p> <p>His transcriptions, and those of collaborator Tom Pickles, are available for free download <a href="https://georgecolliermusic.com/thanks-for-stopping-by" rel="nofollow">here</a>, unless the artist sells their own transcription, in which case he encourages you to support the artist with your purchase.</p> <p>If you’re a music nerd who would like to discuss transcriptions, give feedback on others’ attempts, and upload your own, join his community on <a href="https://discord.gg/3qxNDA3NCy">Discord</a>.</p> <p><strong>Related Content: </strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2017/07/women-of-jazz-stream-a-playlist-of-91-recordings-by-great-female-jazz-musicians.html">Women of Jazz: Stream a Playlist of 91 Recordings by Great Female Jazz Musicians</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/jazz-virtuoso-oscar-peterson-gives-dick-cavett-a-dazzling-piano-lesson-1979.html">Jazz Virtuoso Oscar Peterson Gives Dick Cavett a Dazzling Piano Lesson (1979)</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/02/little-kid-grooves-to-zz-top-while-waiting-for-the-bus.html">Little Kid Merrily Grooves to ZZ Top While Waiting for the Bus</a></p> <p><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><em>Ayun Halliday</em></a><em> is an author, theatermaker, and the Chief Primaologist of </em><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/the-east-village-inky/" rel="nofollow"><em>the East Village Inky</em></a><em> zine. Her latest book, </em><a href="https://microcosmpublishing.com/catalog/books/8966"><em>Creative, Not Famous: The Small Potato Manifesto</em></a><em>, will be published in early 2022.  Follow her </em><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ayun_halliday/"><em>@AyunHalliday</em></a><em>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ayunh" title="Posts by Ayun Halliday" rel="author">Ayun Halliday</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/12/hear-doreen-ketchens-astonishing-rendition-of-the-house-of-the-rising-sun.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/12/hear-doreen-ketchens-astonishing-rendition-of-the-house-of-the-rising-sun.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/12/hear-doreen-ketchens-astonishing-rendition-of-the-house-of-the-rising-sun.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-1096338" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/jazz-virtuoso-oscar-peterson-gives-dick-cavett-a-dazzling-piano-lesson-1979.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Jazz Virtuoso Oscar Peterson Gives Dick Cavett a Dazzling Piano Lesson (1979)"> Jazz Virtuoso Oscar Peterson Gives Dick Cavett a Dazzling Piano Lesson (1979) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz" rel="category tag">Jazz</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/television" rel="category tag">Television</a> </em> | November 24th, 2021 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-1096338" class="post-1096338 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-jazz category-music category-television"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/ec-FrnaU0rs?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Duke Ellington once called <a href="https://canadianmusichalloffame.ca/inductee/oscar-peterson/">Oscar Peterson</a> the “Maharaja of the Keyboard” for his virtuosity and ability to play any style with seeming ease, a skill he first began to learn as a classically trained child prodigy. Peterson was introduced to Bach and Beethoven by his musician father and older sister Daisy, then drilled in rigorous finger exercises and given six hours a day of practice by his teacher, Hungarian pianist Paul de Marky. “I only first really heard jazz somewhere between the ages of seven and 10,” said the Canadian jazz great. “My older brother Fred, who was actually a better pianist than I was, started playing various new tunes — well they were new for me, anyway…. Duke Ellington and Art Tatum, who frightened me to death with his technique.”</p> <p>Despite his own prodigious talent, Peterson found Tatum “intimidating,” he told Count Basie in a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAeT3Dr74Ys">1980 interview</a>. He responded to the fear by learning how to play like Tatum, and like everyone else he admired, while adding his own melodic twists to standards and originals. At 14, he won a national Canadian music competition and left school to become a professional musician.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>He recorded his first album in 1945 at age 20. “Since his ‘discovery’ in 1947 by Norman Granz,” <a href="https://internationalmusician.org/oscar-peterson/">wrote International Musician</a> in 2002, five years before the pianist’s death, “Peterson has amassed an incredible legacy of recorded work with Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Count Basie, Fred Astaire, Dizzy Gillespie, Coleman Hawkins, and Charlie Parker, among countless other greats.”</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/SewFqU5SjuE?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>In the video at the top of the post from the <em>Dick Cavett Show </em>in 1979, Peterson shows off his elegant technique and demonstrates the “stylistic trademarks” of the greats he admired, and that others have heard expressed in his own style. He begins with his albatross, Tatum’s “stride piano,” a style that requires a good deal of left hand articulation and which, done right, can “put the rhythm section out of business,” Cavett jokes. Peterson then shows off the “the two-fingered percussiveness of Nat Cole,” the “lyric octave work of Erroll Garner,” and double octave melody lines, a very difficult two-hand maneuver.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/yj93v9j2A4A?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>It’s a dazzling lesson that shows, in just a few short minutes, why Peterson became known for his “stunning virtuosity as a soloist,” as <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oscar-peterson" rel="nofollow">one biography notes</a>. In the video above, producer and YouTube personality Rick Beato explains why he thinks Peterson played the “Greatest Solo of All Time” in the 1974 rendition of “Boogie Blues Study” further up. As David Funk, who posted the Cavett video clip to YouTube, puts it, “What more can you say?” To understand why Louis Armstrong called Peterson “the man with four hands,” we simply need to watch him play.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2020/05/how-music-unites-us-all-herbie-hancock-kamasi-washington-in-conversation.html">How Music Unites Us All: Herbie Hancock & Kamasi Washington in Conversation</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2019/07/deconstructing-stevie-wonders-ode-to-jazz-and-his-hero-duke-ellington.html">Deconstructing Stevie Wonder’s Ode to Jazz and His Hero Duke Ellington: A Great Breakdown of “Sir Duke”</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2018/11/jazz-deconstructed-makes-john-coltranes-giant-steps-groundbreaking-radical.html">Jazz Deconstructed: What Makes John Coltrane’s “Giant Steps” So Groundbreaking and Radical?</a></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/jazz-virtuoso-oscar-peterson-gives-dick-cavett-a-dazzling-piano-lesson-1979.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/jazz-virtuoso-oscar-peterson-gives-dick-cavett-a-dazzling-piano-lesson-1979.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/jazz-virtuoso-oscar-peterson-gives-dick-cavett-a-dazzling-piano-lesson-1979.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/jazz/page/2" >More in this category... »</a> </div>  <div class="middle_sidebar"> <ul id="middle_sidebarwidgeted"> <li id="execphp-431254483" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Essentials</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses">1,700 Free Online Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-certificate-programs">200 Online Certificate Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-degrees">100+ Online Degree & Mini-Degree Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freemoviesonline">1,150 Free Movies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeaudiobooks">1,000 Free Audio Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/great-podcasts">150+ Best Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_ebooks">800 Free eBooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_textbooks">200 Free Textbooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freelanguagelessons">300 Free Language Lessons</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/business_free_courses">150 Free Business Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources">Free K-12 Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">Get Our Daily Email</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254506" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Support Us</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox noborder"> <br> We're hoping to rely on loyal readers, rather than erratic ads. 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We find the free courses and audio books you need, the language lessons & educational videos you want, and plenty of enlightenment in between.</p> <br> <a href="/advertise" style="color: white; font-size:1.2rem;" class="button"">Advertise With Us</a> <br> </br> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254485" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Great Recordings</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/07/ts_eliot_reads_his_modernist_masterpieces.html">T.S. Eliot Reads Waste Land</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/hear_sylvia_plath_read_fifteen_poems_from_her_final_collection_ariel_in_1962_recording.html">Sylvia Plath - Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/06/on_bloomsday_hear_james_joyce_read_from_his_epic_iulyssesi_1924.html">Joyce Reads Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/02/james_joyce_reads_anna_livia_plurabelle_from_ifinnegans_wakei.html">Joyce - Finnegans Wake</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/01/watch_patti_smith_read_from_virginia_woolf_and_hear_the_only_surviving_recording_of_woolfs_voice.html">Patti Smith Reads Virginia Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/listen_as_albert_einstein_reads_the_common_language_of_science_1941.html">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/charles-bukowski-poem-read-by-bukowski-tom-waits-and-bono.html">Charles Bukowski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/bill-murray-reads-poetry-by-billy-collins-cole-porter-and-sarah-manguso.html">Bill Murray</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/ernest_hemingway_reads_in_harrys_bar_in_venice.html">Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/f_scott_fitzgerald_reads_from_shakespeares_iothelloi_and_john_masefields_on_growing_old_c1940.html">Fitzgerald Reads Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/william_faulkner_reads_from_as_i_lay_dying.html">William Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/05/rare_1959_audio_flannery_oconnor_reads_a_good_man_is_hard_to_find.html">Flannery O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/j-r-r-tolkien-reads-from-the-two-towers-the-second-book-of-the-lord-of-the-rings-trilogy.html">Tolkien - The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/allen_ginsberg_reads_his_beat_classic_poem_howl.html">Allen Ginsberg - Howl</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/rare_1930s_audio_wb_yeats_reads_four_of_his_poems.html">W.B Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/10/ezra_pounds_fiery_1939_reading_of_his_early_poem_isestina_altafortei.html">Ezra Pound</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/08/dylan_thomas_recites_do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night_and_other_poems.html">Dylan Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/anne_sexton_confessional_poet_reads_wanting_to_die_in_ominous_1966_video.html">Anne Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/06/john-cheever-reads-the-swimmer.html">John Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/hear-david-foster-wallace-read-his-own-essays-and-short-fiction.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254484" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Book Lists By</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2011/12/neil_degrasse_tyson_8_books_every_intelligent_person_should_read.html">Neil deGrasse Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/ernest_hemingways_reading_list_for_a_young_writer_1934.html">Ernest Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/f-scott-fitzgerald-creates-a-list-of-22-essential-books-1936.html">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/patti-smiths-list-of-favorite-books.html">Patti Smith</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/08/brian-eno-book-lists.html">Brian Eno</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/henry-miller-makes-a-list-of-the-100-books-that-influenced-me-most.html">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/christopher_hitchens_creates_a_reading_list_for_eight-year-old_girl.html">Christopher Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/11/joseph-brodskys-reading-list-for-having-an-intelligent-conversation.html">Joseph Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">W.H. Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/07/carl_sagans_undergrad_reading_list_from_plato_and_shakespeare_to_huxley_and_gide.html">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/10/david-bowies-list-of-top-100-books.html">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/the-books-samuel-beckett-really-liked.html">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/art-garfunkel-lists-1195-books.html">Art Garfunkel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/the-430-books-in-marilyn-monroes-library.html">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/jorge-luis-borges-personal-library.html">Jorge Luis Borges</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/74-books-curated-by-female-creatives.html">Picks by Female Creatives</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li id="execphp-431254513" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254490" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Syllabi</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">WH Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/david_foster_wallaces_1994_syllabus.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/zadie-smith-and-gary-shteyngarts-syllabi-from-columbia-university.html">Zadie Smith & Gary Shteyngart</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/spike-lee-shares-his-nyu-teaching-list-of-87-essential-films-every-aspiring-director-should-see.html">Spike Lee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/11/lynda-barrys-wonderfully-illustrated-syllabus-homework-assignments-from-her-uw-madison-class-the-unthinkable-mind.html">Lynda Barry</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/junot-diazs-syllabi-for-his-mit-writing-classes.html">Junot Diaz</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254491" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Favorite Movies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/stanley-kubricks-list-of-top-ten-films.html">Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/akira-kurosawas-list-of-his-100-favorite-movies.html">Kurosawa's 100</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/quentin-tarantino-lists-the-12-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Tarantino</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/martin-scorsese-reveals-his-10-favorite-movies.html">Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/08/andrei-tarkovsky-creates-a-list-of-his-10-favorite-films-1972.html">Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/09/david-lynch-on-his-favorite-directors-including-fellini-wilder-tati-and-hitchcock.html">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/05/werner-herzog-picks-his-5-favorite-films.html">Werner Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/woody-allen-lists-the-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Woody Allen</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/wes-andersons-favorite-films.html">Wes Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/05/the-10-favorite-films-of-avant-garde-surrealist-filmmaker-luis-bunuel-including-his-own-collaboration-with-salvador-dali.html">Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/07/roger-eberts-final-list-of-his-top-10-favorite-films-2012.html">Roger Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/susan-sontags-50-favorite-films.html">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/scorseses-list-of-39-essential-foreign-films.html">Scorsese Foreign Films</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/44-essential-movies-for-the-student-of-philosophy.html">Philosophy Films</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2025/03'>March 2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2025/02'>February 2025</a></li> <li><a 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