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(PDF) Twelve Links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda)
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Vibhaṅga Sutta (SN 12.2) and Sammādiṭṭhi Sutta, (MN 09) are my references." /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ateneo.academia.edu/ChandimaGangodawila" /> <meta name="description" content="Designed a poster for the twelve links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda). This was a desideratum as I am running a Monday Q&amp;A session on every nidāna. Vibhaṅga Sutta (SN 12.2) and Sammādiṭṭhi Sutta, (MN 09) are my references." /> <title>(PDF) Twelve Links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda)</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/49515889/Twelve_Links_nid%C4%81na_Dependent_Origination_pa%E1%B9%ADiccasamupp%C4%81da_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739836044000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739836044000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Designed a poster for the twelve links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda). 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":49515889,"created_at":"2021-07-02T13:35:33.214-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-27T14:57:34.620-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Designed a poster for the twelve links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda). This was a desideratum as I am running a Monday Q\u0026A session on every nidāna. Vibhaṅga Sutta (SN 12.2) and Sammādiṭṭhi Sutta, (MN 09) are my references.\n\nOriginal Post: https://patisota.blogspot.com/2021/06/twelve-links-dependent-origination.html","ai_title_tag":"Poster for Twelve Links of Dependent Origination","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Patisota"},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Twelve Links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda)","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [132339445]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":67850674,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Twelve Links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/67850674/mini_magick20210702-9484-ulck2s.png?1625258156" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Twelve Links (nidāna): Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132339445" href="https://ateneo.academia.edu/ChandimaGangodawila"><img alt="Profile image of Chandima Gangodawila" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/132339445/41960795/150802625/s65_chandima.gangodawila.jpg" />Chandima Gangodawila</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Patisota</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 page</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 49515889; 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This was a desideratum as I am running a Monday Q&A session on every nidāna. Vibhaṅga Sutta (SN 12.2) and Sammādiṭṭhi Sutta, (MN 09) are my references. Original Post: https://patisota.blogspot.com/2021/06/twelve-links-dependent-origination.html</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":67850674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/49515889/Twelve_Links_nid%C4%81na_Dependent_Origination_pa%E1%B9%ADiccasamupp%C4%81da_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":67850674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/49515889/Twelve_Links_nid%C4%81na_Dependent_Origination_pa%E1%B9%ADiccasamupp%C4%81da_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Gokhale, Central university of Tibetan studies, Sarnath (Varanasi) This paper addresses some oft-debated issues concerning pratītyasamutpāda (Pali-paṭiccasamuppāda). The main aim here is to arrive at a clearer understanding of the issues and to suggest a plausible direction in which it should be possible to seek the solution. The issues tackled here are: Is paṭiccasamuppāda causation? If it is, in what sense is it? If it is not, in what sense it is not? How can the 24-fold classification of paccayas given in Theravāda literature be re-understood? In what way can the twelve links in Dvādaśanidāna be said to be related to each other? The issues are discussed here in the framework of Theravāda Buddhism.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DEPENDENT ORIGINATION AND THE TWELVE-LINKED CHAIN Some conceptual issues","attachmentId":48721063,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28384699/DEPENDENT_ORIGINATION_AND_THE_TWELVE_LINKED_CHAIN_Some_conceptual_issues","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28384699/DEPENDENT_ORIGINATION_AND_THE_TWELVE_LINKED_CHAIN_Some_conceptual_issues"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="90193596" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90193596/Why_is_the_Forward_Sequence_of_Dependent_Origination_the_Wrong_Path_An_annotated_translation_of_the_Commentary_to_the_Nid%C4%81nasa%E1%B9%83yuttas_Discourse_of_the_Two_Paths">Why is the Forward Sequence of Dependent Origination the Wrong Path? An annotated translation of the Commentary to the Nidānasaṃyutta's Discourse of the [Two] Paths</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34118542" href="https://ibc.academia.edu/EngJinOoi">Eng Jin Ooi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the Philosophy and Religion Society of Thailand, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the Pāli Paṭipadā Sutta (Discourse of the [Two] Paths) of the Nidānasaṃyutta, the Buddha distinguishes two opposite paths of dependent origination (paṭicca-samuppāda); the forward sequence (anuloma) of dependent origination is the wrong path (micchāpaṭipadā), while the reverse sequence (paṭiloma) is the right path (sammāpaṭipadā). However, a question is raised as to why the former is called the wrong path: despite ignorance, there are also meritorious volitional formations (puññābhisaṅkhāra) and imperturbable volitional formations (āneñjābhisaṅkhāra) being generated. The commentary to the Sutta (Paṭipadāsuttavaṇṇanā) explains that actions or attainments rooted in the desire for success within the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) are not good enough to free a person from suffering. However, actions that are rooted in the aspiration for nibbāna, will eventually lead to liberation. This article provides an annotated English translation of the commentary to the Paṭipadā Sutta, with selected input from its sub-commentary (Nidānavagga-purāṇaṭīkā) and a brief outline of the philosophical tenets addressed in the text.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Why is the Forward Sequence of Dependent Origination the Wrong Path? An annotated translation of the Commentary to the Nidānasaṃyutta's Discourse of the [Two] Paths","attachmentId":93823276,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90193596/Why_is_the_Forward_Sequence_of_Dependent_Origination_the_Wrong_Path_An_annotated_translation_of_the_Commentary_to_the_Nid%C4%81nasa%E1%B9%83yuttas_Discourse_of_the_Two_Paths","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90193596/Why_is_the_Forward_Sequence_of_Dependent_Origination_the_Wrong_Path_An_annotated_translation_of_the_Commentary_to_the_Nid%C4%81nasa%E1%B9%83yuttas_Discourse_of_the_Two_Paths"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="2593517" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2593517/New_Light_on_the_Twelve_Nid%C4%81nas">New Light on the Twelve Nidānas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3107693" href="https://chester.academia.edu/DhivanThomasJones">Dhivan Thomas Jones</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Contemporary Buddhism 10:2, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Paticca samuppāda (dependent arising) is the central philosophical principle of Buddhism, and is most commonly exemplified in the suttas in terms of the twelve nidānas. The ubiquitous interpretation of the twelve nidānas of paticca-samuppāda as taking place over three lives, a religious doctrine explaining the rebirth process, is a commentarial development, not found in the suttas. Recent Theravādin exegetes Bhikkhu Buddhadāsa and Ñāṇavīra Thera argue for an interpretation of the twelve nidānas of paticca-samuppāda as taking place in the present moment, but Bhikkhu Bodhi disputes the claim that their interpretation is the Buddha’s original meaning. Recent work by Vedic scholar Joanna Jurewicz, however, suggests that originally the twelve nidānas were a parody of Vedic cosmogony. This scholarship opens the way for renewed exegesis of paticca samuppāda liberated from Indian Buddhist metaphysics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New Light on the Twelve Nidānas","attachmentId":30601097,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2593517/New_Light_on_the_Twelve_Nid%C4%81nas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2593517/New_Light_on_the_Twelve_Nid%C4%81nas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="30449784" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449784/The_Teaching_of_Dependent_Origination_In_the_P%C4%81li_Nik%C4%81yas_and_Contemporary_Scholarship">The Teaching of Dependent Origination In the Pāli Nikāyas and Contemporary Scholarship</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5672172" href="https://qdu.academia.edu/LinQian">Lin Qian</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">(MA thesis, 2003. Bristol University, UK) Dependent origination (paṭiccasamuppāda) is not only one of the most important Buddhist doctrines, but also one of the most difficult to understand as well. Presently, scholarship is divided—there exist many controversies and disputes relating to the understanding of dependent origination. This dissertation represents the first stage of a research to seek an understanding of the doctrine of dependent origination. The first chapter surveys the present literature of dependent origination, both from European languages and Japanese sources. The second chapter is a list of the major occurrences of dependent origination, it is made based on part of Mitsuyoshi Saigusa’s sutta-by-sutta list, and I re-organize and categorize the instances according to Saigusa’s categorization system. The third chapter summarizes the explanations regarding the variations of the twelve-linked formula of dependent origination from the Vaibhāṣika and the Pāli traditions. It also summarizes the works by modern Japanese scholars Hajime Nakamura and Mitsuyoshi Saigusa concerning the formation and development of the standard twelve-linked formula. Finally, I evaluate the fundamental premises held by scholars like Nakamura and Saigusa, and conclude that the evidence they employ do not sufficiently support their conclusion.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Teaching of Dependent Origination In the Pāli Nikāyas and Contemporary Scholarship","attachmentId":50891360,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30449784/The_Teaching_of_Dependent_Origination_In_the_P%C4%81li_Nik%C4%81yas_and_Contemporary_Scholarship","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30449784/The_Teaching_of_Dependent_Origination_In_the_P%C4%81li_Nik%C4%81yas_and_Contemporary_Scholarship"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="49372545" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49372545/Dependent_Coarising_meaning_construction_in_the_twelve_links">Dependent Coarising: meaning construction in the twelve links</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21939310" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AshinCintita">Bhikkhu Cintita</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sitagu Buddha Vihara, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The twelve links of dependent coarising are declared in the early Buddhist texts as among the most profound teachings of the Buddha. Yet in later tradition they became largely marginalized, more a basis of head scratching than a foundation for advanced practice. This book attempts to recover the Buddha's original intent in expounding this teaching on the basis of understanding the Buddha's underlying methodology, particularly with regard to the insubstantiality and epistemic orientation of the early Dharma.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dependent Coarising: meaning construction in the twelve links","attachmentId":67745743,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49372545/Dependent_Coarising_meaning_construction_in_the_twelve_links","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49372545/Dependent_Coarising_meaning_construction_in_the_twelve_links"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="73889072" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73889072/The_Analytical_Study_of_Dependent_Origination_Pa%E1%B9%ADicca_samupp%C4%81da_in_the_Perspective_of_Conditional_Relations_Pa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na">The Analytical Study of Dependent Origination (Paṭicca-samuppāda) in the Perspective of Conditional Relations (Paṭṭhāna</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="206063593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AggacaraEducation">Aggacara Education</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction Three types of discourses on cause and effect The two great doctrines describe different methods Four profound Dhammas The view of Venerable Buddhaghosa Paṭicca-samuppāda Seemed Easy to Venerable Ānanda Comparison of two difficult doctrines The first link of Paṭicca-samuppāda: 'Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā' The meaning of Paṭicca-samuppāda The meaning of Paṭicca-samuppanna Comparison of Paṭicca-samuppanna and Adhicca-samuppanna Paṭicca-samuppāda summarized in four sentences Three Rounds (vaṭṭa) How Avijjā and Taṇhā become leaders Part 2: Avijjāpaccayā Saṅkhārā What about Avijjā? Defining Avijjā from four points of view More about Saṅkhāra Three types of Saṅkhāra Another classification of Saṅkhāra Explanation on how Saṅkhāra arises with Avijjā as a cause Simile of a blind man walking on a path Ignorance of the Four Noble Truths Avijjā to Puññābhisaṅkhāra: akusala conditions kusala Avijjā to Ᾱneñjābhisaṅkhāra: akusala conditions imperturbable volitional formations Avijjā to Apuññābhisaṅkhāra: akusala conditions akusala Part 3: Saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ [Part A] Kamma, Saṅkhāra and Bhava The importance of Kamma and Kilesa The Extremist view of Kamma Bhava-sutta ii What is included in Saṅkhāra What is Kamma? The different terms for Viññāṇa Accumulation of Kamma (Upacitakamma) The location of accumulated Kamma Different Kammas have different abilities Two moments that Kamma gives result Similarities and differences between Paṭicca-samuppāda and Paṭṭhāna 48 How kamma creates the next existence The story of Dhammika Upāsaka (illustration of gati-nimitta) The story of Citta, the devotee Dying smilingly or non-smilingly Avijjā, Taṇhā and Kamma work together Views on soul and rebirth Part 4: Saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ [Part B] Two links containing Kamma in Paṭicca-samuppāda Kamma that produces mind and matter Two ways of explanation Non-existence of doer and experiencer Viññāṇa is the start of one life Part 5: Support for viññāṇaṃ The meaning of giving support The nature of Kamma Kamma, Citta, Utu, Āhāra Lifespan of two Buddhas The other supports for Paṭisandhi Citta to arise Force of Paṭṭhāna The four ways to look at the arising of paṭisandhi Paṭisandhi Citta created by Akusala-kamma Why Uddhacca Cetanā does not give a result Sampatti and Vipatti Part 6: Saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ [Part C] and Viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ Paṭisandhi citta of humans The Rebirth-linking Mind of the Buddha Are all three-rooted beings able to attain enlightenment? The fault that cannot be repaired iii Viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ Rūpa that appears together with Paṭisandhi Citta The size of kalala Four types of rebirth for beings How humans take rebirth Clone created by the mind A story from my hometown Kamma and other factors to support the body Can Kamma be modified Two kinds of mental processes How Kamma produces some results during Pavatti Two types of eye-consciousness Part 7: Viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ [cont] Viññāṇapaccayā Nāmarūpaṃ Simile of three spikes Destruction of wrong view One should not approach persons with wrong view The word Suñña The wrong explanation of Suñña Questions left unanswered by the Buddha The meaning of Dukkha Nothing is as one thinks Explanation of Visuddhimagga-mahāṭīkā The definition of Viññāṇa in "Viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ" The definition of Nāma and Rūpa Three types of result with Viññāṇa as a condition: Nāmaṃ, Rūpaṃ, Nāmarūpaṃ Forward and reverse order of Dependent Origination Part 8: The Meaning of Viññāṇa, and Paṭṭhāna method Viññāṇapaccayā Nāmarūpaṃ The meaning of viññāṇa The associated Dhammas The reason of not including Lokuttara-vipāka citta Paṭisandhi and pavatti Akusalavipāka upekkhā-santīraṇa citta Viññāṇapaccayā nāmaṃ Paṭṭhāna method iv Nāma to nāma Viññāṇapaccayā rūpaṃ Three definitions of Viññāṇa Part 9: Similarities and differences between Paṭicca-samuppāda and Paṭṭhāna .............. The Commentators combined these two doctrines The vastness of the teaching Part 10: Viññāṇapaccayā Nāmarūpaṃ Method of Paṭṭhāna Three types of Viññāṇa Three types of Satta (Beings) Asaññasatta Brahma How "viññāṇapaccayā rūpaṃ" works in Asaññasatta plane Arūpasatta that has four mental aggregates How "viññāṇapaccayā nāmaṃ" works in Arūpa plane Beings that have five aggregates Nāmarūpapaccayā Saḷāyatanaṃ How "Nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ" works in Arūpa plane By Paṭṭhāna Method Part 11: Nāmarūpapaccayā Saḷāyatanaṃ "Nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ" in Pañcavokāra How Nāma gives support to Rūpa Transformation of humans according to Buddhist texts The nature of Abhidhamma The mental process at the start of life How Nāma relates to Manāyatana by Paṭṭhāna Method How Nāma relates to Rūpāyatana by Paṭṭhāna Method How Rūpa relates to saḷāyatana according to Paṭṭhāna method Hadaya-vatthu rūpa and Paṭisandhi citta Mahābhūta and Upādā-rūpa Rūpajīvita defined as "Rūpa" "Rūpa" defined as Āhāra "Rūpa" defined as Pasāda Vatthurūpa and the citta called Manāyatana Part 12: Saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso Chaṭṭhāyatana and Saḷāyatana The method of taking only internal Āyatana The method of taking external bases v Two methods to be noted The definition of Phassa The meaning of Dvāra Six types of Phassa How Āyatanas cause Phassa to arise The way of Paṭṭhāna Cognitive process (Citta-vīthi) Many Cakkhāyatanas Cakkhāyatana is related to Phassa Manāyatana is related to Phassa External Āyatana Part 13: Phassapaccayā vedanā Vedanā (Feeling) does not arise after the arising of Phassa (Contact) Paṭṭhāna Method Special point of view in Visuddhimagga Part 14: Vedanāpaccayā taṇhā Three types of Vedanā Two types of Sukha Two types of Dukkha Five types of Vedanā Six types of feeling Definition of Taṇhā Six types of Taṇhā Three types of Taṇhā 108 types of Taṇhā Explanation of "Vedanāpaccayā Taṇhā" The viewpoint of Paṭṭhāna Taṇhā arises because of Sukha-vedanā How Taṇhā rises because of Dukkha-vedanā Buddha and Arahants also have feelings Just prevent Taṇhā from arising Two views regarding music, dance and songs in the world Part 15: Taṇhāpaccayā Upādānaṃ Two types of objects of Taṇhā Liberation of Prince Nanda How Janapadakalyāṇī was freed from her clinging How the clinging in Queen Khema was destroyed vi Four types of Upādāna Kāmupādāna Diṭṭhupādāna Sīlabbatupādāna Attavādupādāna The fundamental of Diṭṭhi By way of Paṭṭhāna How Taṇhā conditions Diṭṭhi Part 16: Upādānapaccayā bhavo The meaning of bhava Definition of Kamma Nine main groups of Bhava Saṅkhāra and Kammabhava View regarding Dhamma The thinking of worldlings The thinking of an Arahant The action of an Arahant does not become kamma All actions of worldlings are Kamma Kilesanirodhā Kammanirodho The meaning of the expiration of Kamma How Upādāna causes Bhava A story from the Dhammapada The clinging of King Bimbisāra The rich man Meṇḍaka and his family A story from a magazine Continued preferences A monk in my monastery in Sagaing Parents' clinging The viewpoint of Paṭṭhāna Part 17: Bhavapaccayā jāti; aging, death, sorrow The definition of bhava as in "Bhavapaccayā jāti" Definition of Jāti "Saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ" and "bhavapaccayā jāti" The arising of Dukkha Jātipaccayā Jarāmaraṇaṃ The model of Jarā Definition of Death vii Remains of the corpse or not Aging and death arise when birth happens Soka, parideva, dukkha, domanassupāyāsā The birth of the Bodhisatta Soka Parideva Dukkha and Domanassa Upāyāsa Part 18: Conclusion Prevention of wrong views How a non-existent thing is called "Satta" Emptiness of all 12 Dhammas Avijjā is the starting point of Paṭicca-samuppāda Cessation of 12 factors of Paṭicca-samuppāda Appendix viii Preface Many people would like to know more about Paṭiccasamuppāda and Paṭṭhāna. There is quite a lot of information on Paṭicca-samuppāda. However, there are not many English books that present the Paṭṭhāna aspect of Abhidhamma in detail. Paṭicca-samuppāda and Paṭṭhāna are considered the most difficult and profound teachings of the Buddha. The commentaries and sub-commentaries about these two were written in Pāḷi, the ancient language in which the Buddha gave his sermons. Therefore, most people cannot read the original teachings by themselves. For the international audience, we need guidelines in modern English in order to understand the messages from the Buddha. Myanmar is considered as a stronghold for Abhidhamma studies. Many people from all around the world come to Myanmar to learn Abhidhamma and Pāḷi in Myanmar. Sayadaw Dr. Nandamālābhivaṃsa is one of the most renowned Abhidhamma experts, both within Myanmar and abroad. Therefore, we are very fortunate that Sayadaw Dr. Nandamālābhivaṃsa gave 13 Dhamma talks entitled "The Analytical Study of Paṭicca-samuppāda in the perspective of Paṭṭhāna". In these, he systematically explained Paṭicca-samuppāda by the 12 factors that constitute this doctrine of cause and effect and the links that combine the conditioning factors and the 14 Visuddhimagga-mahāṭīkā,2.264. Avijjābhāve bhāvatoti avijjāya atthibhāve saṅkhārānaṃ bhāvato. Na hi avijjāya asati kadāci saṅkhārā sambhavanti. 21 PTS's Pāḷi-English Dictionary,140. Upacita [pp. of upacināti]-1. heaped up, accumulated, collected, produced (usually of puñña merit, &kamma, karma)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Analytical Study of Dependent Origination (Paṭicca-samuppāda) in the Perspective of Conditional Relations (Paṭṭhāna","attachmentId":82239849,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73889072/The_Analytical_Study_of_Dependent_Origination_Pa%E1%B9%ADicca_samupp%C4%81da_in_the_Perspective_of_Conditional_Relations_Pa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73889072/The_Analytical_Study_of_Dependent_Origination_Pa%E1%B9%ADicca_samupp%C4%81da_in_the_Perspective_of_Conditional_Relations_Pa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="31418860" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31418860/A_Discourse_on_Dependent_Origination">A Discourse on Dependent Origination</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60065627" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IfthikharRajab">Ifthikhar Rajab</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Discourse on Dependent Origination","attachmentId":51784446,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31418860/A_Discourse_on_Dependent_Origination","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31418860/A_Discourse_on_Dependent_Origination"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="30808516" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30808516/Dependent_Origination_in_buddhism_pdf">Dependent Origination in buddhism.pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39737219" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DorapaneChandananda">Dorapane Chandananda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The brief discussion that about the theory of causality. Further Dependent origination and different division of dependent origination are discussed such as the formula and practical way of dependent origination. And also ascending order and descending order.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dependent Origination in buddhism.pdf","attachmentId":51241685,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30808516/Dependent_Origination_in_buddhism_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30808516/Dependent_Origination_in_buddhism_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="5902272" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5902272/A_Brief_History_of_Interdependence">A Brief History of Interdependence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5850574" href="https://fandm.academia.edu/DMcMahan">David McMahan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Brief History of Interdependence","attachmentId":32886759,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5902272/A_Brief_History_of_Interdependence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5902272/A_Brief_History_of_Interdependence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="7033548" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7033548/Early_Meanings_of_Dependent_Origination_Journal_of_Indian_Philosophy_2008">Early Meanings of Dependent Origination, Journal of Indian Philosophy 2008</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1175565" href="https://huji.academia.edu/eviatarshulman">eviatar shulman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dependent-origination, possibly the most fundamental Buddhist philosophical principle, is generally understood as a description of all that exists. Mental as well as physical phenomena are believed to come into being only in relation to, and conditioned by, other phenomena. This paper argues that such an understanding of pratītya-samutpāda is mistaken with regard to the earlier meanings of the concept. Rather than relating to all that exists, dependent-origination related originally only to processes of mental conditioning. It was an analysis of the self, not of reality, embedded in the Upanis : adic search for the ātman. The teaching also possessed important ontological implications regarding the nature of the relation between consciousness and reality. These implications suggest that rather than things being conditioned by other things, they are actually conditioned by consciousness.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Early Meanings of Dependent Origination, Journal of Indian Philosophy 2008","attachmentId":33689556,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7033548/Early_Meanings_of_Dependent_Origination_Journal_of_Indian_Philosophy_2008","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7033548/Early_Meanings_of_Dependent_Origination_Journal_of_Indian_Philosophy_2008"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":67850674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":67850674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_67850674" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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