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Bretagne (province romaine) — Wikipédia

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autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bretagne (province romaine)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> province romaine, partie de la Grande-Bretagne contrôlée par l'empire romain </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" 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cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(homonymie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Bretagne (homonymie)">Bretagne (homonymie)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>La <b>Bretagne</b> (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">latin</a> <span class="lang-la" lang="la"><i>Britannia</i></span>) est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province romaine">province</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain">Empire romain</a> créée au <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle et disparue au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, dont le territoire couvrait le sud de l'île aujourd'hui appelée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">Grande-Bretagne</a>. Composée des territoires actuels de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_Galles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Galles">pays de Galles</a> ainsi que le sud de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écosse">Écosse</a>, la province romaine de Bretagne (Roman Britain) était délimitée par deux murs successifs, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">mur d'Hadrien</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Antonin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Antonin">mur d'Antonin</a>.</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"> <figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%80_sourcer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-02" data-sort-value="2019-02">février 2019</time>).</small></p> <p>Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les <b>références utiles à sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V%C3%A9rifiabilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Vérifiabilité">vérifiabilité</a></b> et en les liant à la section «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Insérer une référence">Notes et références</a>&nbsp;».</p> <p><b>En pratique&nbsp;:</b> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Qualit%C3%A9_des_sources" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">Quelles sources sont attendues&nbsp;?</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">Comment ajouter mes sources&nbsp;?</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #EBEBEB;"> <div> Bretagne<br><small>(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">la</a>) <i>Britannia</i></small> </div> </div> <p class="center"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/43?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="43">43</a>–<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/410?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="410">410</a></p> <table style="width:100%"> </table> <table> <caption class="hidden" style=""> </caption> </table> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Britannia_SPQR.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Britannia_SPQR.png/220px-Britannia_SPQR.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Britannia_SPQR.png/330px-Britannia_SPQR.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Britannia_SPQR.png/440px-Britannia_SPQR.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1096"></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"> La Bretagne romaine vers 150. </div> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;"> Informations générales </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Statut</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province romaine">Province</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain">Empire romain</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitale">Capitale</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camulodunon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Camulodunon">Camulodunum</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londinium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;"> Histoire et événements </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/43?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="43">43</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/84?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="84">84</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_romaine_de_la_Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquête romaine de la Grande-Bretagne">Conquête</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/122?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="122">122</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">Mur d'Hadrien</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/142?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="142">142</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Antonin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Antonin">Mur d'Antonin</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/297?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="297">297</a> / vers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/314?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="314">314</a></th> <td>Division de la province</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/410?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="410">410</a></th> <td>Abandon de la province</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#aaa; height:1px;"></div> <div style="float:left;width:45%;"> <p>Entités précédentes&nbsp;:</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Bretagne">Bretagne celtique</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="float:right;width:45%;"> <p>Entités suivantes&nbsp;:</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heptarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heptarchie">Royaumes anglo-saxons</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne_post-romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne post-romaine">Royaumes britto-romains</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#EBEBEB;"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBretagne_(province_romaine)%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBretagne_(province_romaine)%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Bretagne (province romaine)">voir Wikidata</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Infobox_Wikidata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Infobox Wikidata">(aide)</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ancienne_entit%C3%A9_territoriale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Bretagne_avant_la_conqu%C3%AAte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">La Bretagne avant la conquête</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Connaissance_des_%C3%AEles_Britanniques_par_les_auteurs_antiques"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Connaissance des îles Britanniques par les auteurs antiques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Peuplement_des_%C3%AEles_Britanniques_au_Ier_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C."><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Peuplement des îles Britanniques au <span>I</span><sup>er</sup>&nbsp;siècle&nbsp;av. J.-C.</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_commerce_de_la_Bretagne_avec_le_monde_m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9en"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Le commerce de la Bretagne avec le monde méditerranéen</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cons%C3%A9quences_pour_la_Bretagne_de_la_conqu%C3%AAte_de_la_Gaule"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Conséquences pour la Bretagne de la conquête de la Gaule</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_conqu%C3%AAte_romaine"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">La conquête romaine</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jules_C%C3%A9sar_en_Bretagne"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jules César en Bretagne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#De_C%C3%A9sar_%C3%A0_Caligula_:_un_d%C3%A9but_de_romanisation"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">De César à Caligula&nbsp;: un début de romanisation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Projets_d'invasion_d'Auguste_et_de_Caligula"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Projets d'invasion d'Auguste et de Caligula</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_r%C3%A8gne_de_Claude_et_le_d%C3%A9but_de_la_conqu%C3%AAte"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Le règne de Claude et le début de la conquête</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sous_le_r%C3%A8gne_de_N%C3%A9ron_:_la_r%C3%A9volte_des_Ic%C3%A8nes"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Sous le règne de Néron&nbsp;: la révolte des Icènes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sous_le_r%C3%A8gne_des_Flaviens"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Sous le règne des Flaviens</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sous_les_Antonins_:_la_construction_des_murs"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Sous les Antonins&nbsp;: la construction des murs</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Bretagne_aux_Ier_et_IIe_si%C3%A8cles"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">La Bretagne aux <span>I</span><sup>er</sup> et <span>II</span><sup>e</sup>&nbsp;siècles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organisation_de_la_province"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Organisation de la province</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Urbanisation"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Urbanisation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89conomie"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Économie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Romanisation_et_usage_de_la_langue_latine"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Romanisation et usage de la langue latine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9fense_de_la_province"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Défense de la province</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Bretagne_au_IIIe_si%C3%A8cle"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">La Bretagne au <span>III</span><sup>e</sup>&nbsp;siècle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Bretagne_au_IVe_si%C3%A8cle_apr%C3%A8s_les_r%C3%A9formes_de_Diocl%C3%A9tien"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">La Bretagne au <span>IV</span><sup>e</sup>&nbsp;siècle après les réformes de Dioclétien</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_r%C3%A9formes_de_Diocl%C3%A9tien_:_le_dioc%C3%A8se_des_Bretagnes"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Les réformes de Dioclétien&nbsp;: le diocèse des Bretagnes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_et_%C3%A9conomie"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Société et économie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arm%C3%A9e_et_d%C3%A9fense_du_dioc%C3%A8se"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Armée et défense du diocèse</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fin_de_la_Bretagne_romaine"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Fin de la Bretagne romaine</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_d%C3%A9part_des_troupes_romaines_et_la_fin_de_l'autorit%C3%A9_romaine"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Le départ des troupes romaines et la fin de l'autorité romaine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Monde_rural_et_civilisation_urbaine"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Monde rural et civilisation urbaine</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89migration_de_Bretons_vers_l'ouest_de_la_Gaule_et_origines_de_la_Bretagne_continentale"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Émigration de Bretons vers l'ouest de la Gaule et origines de la Bretagne continentale</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sites_arch%C3%A9ologiques_romains"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Sites archéologiques romains</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annexes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Annexes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_Bretagne_avant_la_conquête"><span id="La_Bretagne_avant_la_conqu.C3.AAte"></span>La Bretagne avant la conquête</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La Bretagne avant la conquête" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Connaissance_des_îles_Britanniques_par_les_auteurs_antiques"><span id="Connaissance_des_.C3.AEles_Britanniques_par_les_auteurs_antiques"></span>Connaissance des îles Britanniques par les auteurs antiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Connaissance des îles Britanniques par les auteurs antiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Britanniques">îles Britanniques</a> sont connues des peuples méditerranéens plusieurs siècles avant la conquête romaine, sous les noms d'<i>Hierne</i> (l'Irlande) et d'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albion?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albion">Albion</a></i> (La Grande-Bretagne). A la fin du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a>, l'explorateur carthaginois <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Himilcon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Himilcon">Himilcon</a> atteint leurs côtes. Deux siècles plus tard, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyth%C3%A9as?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pythéas">Pythéas</a> navigue à son tour dans les eaux britanniques<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il désigne les îles Britanniques<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> comme «&nbsp;îles Prétaniques&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (αἱ Βρεττανίαι soit <i>ai Brettaníai</i> et <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pretannike&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pretannike (page inexistante)">Pretannike</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretannike" class="extiw" title="en:Pretannike"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Pretannike&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a></i>. Les peuples de ces îles sont désignés comme Πρεττανοί (<i>Prettanoí</i>), <i>Priteni</i>, <i>Pritani</i> ou <i>Pretani</i>, peut-être transmis à Pythéas par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule">gaulois</a><sup id="cite_ref-ohi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ohi-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et peut-être de même <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tymologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étymologie">étymologie</a> que πρυτανεία (<i>prytania</i>&nbsp;: «&nbsp;élite&nbsp;», qui est aussi l'une des significations possibles du mot «&nbsp;celtes&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>). Ces noms deviennent «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Britanniques">îles Britanniques</a>&nbsp;» chez <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strabon">Strabon</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ratosth%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ératosthène">Ératosthène</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polybe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polybe">Polybe</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodore_de_Sicile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diodore de Sicile">Diodore de Sicile</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pline_l%27Ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pline l'Ancien">Pline l'Ancien</a> et, par eux, chez les Romains.</p> <p>Les récits plus ou moins fantastiques des voyageurs pré-romains, ainsi que les écrits d'auteurs plus tardifs comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strabon">Strabon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diodore_de_Sicile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diodore de Sicile">Diodore de Sicile</a>, décrivent ces îles comme «&nbsp;regorgeant d'étain&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Outre l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étain">étain</a> de Cornouailles par exemple, les îles Britanniques étaient riches en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minerai">minerais</a> tels que l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Or?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Or">or</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(%C3%AEle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (île)">Irlande</a>. Cela explique les relations commerciales avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grèce antique">Grecs</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ph%C3%A9niciens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phéniciens">Phéniciens</a> dès l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89poque_archa%C3%AFque?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Époque archaïque">époque archaïque</a>, car les ressources en étain constituaient un élément essentiel pour produire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bronze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, mais elle étaient limitées autour du bassin méditerranéen. Hérodote parle des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Cassit%C3%A9rides?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Cassitérides">îles Cassitérides</a>, «&nbsp;îles de l'étain&nbsp;», du grec Κασσίτερος, et les Romains citent aussi les mines de <i>stannum</i>. Les Romains connaissaient aussi l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(%C3%AEle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (île)">Irlande</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hibernia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hibernia">Hibernia</a></i>) sans la coloniser et appelaient les îles Britanniques (au pluriel <i>insulae Britannicae</i>) «&nbsp;les terres les plus écartées&nbsp;». <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacite">Tacite</a> écrit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Il n’y a plus de peuples au-delà, rien que des flots et des rochers&nbsp;».</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Peuplement_des_îles_Britanniques_au_Ier_siècle_av._J.-C."><span id="Peuplement_des_.C3.AEles_Britanniques_au_Ier_si.C3.A8cle_av._J.-C."></span>Peuplement des îles Britanniques au <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Peuplement des îles Britanniques au Ier&nbsp;siècle&nbsp;av. J.-C." class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ouvertes aux influences continentales, notamment <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Tène">laténiennes</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hallstatt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hallstatt">hallstattiennes</a>, les îles Britanniques ne s'articulent pas pour autant autour d'une culture uniforme. Certaines zones de l'ouest et du nord semblent avoir été peu perméables à ces influences. Les populations du sud de la Grande-Bretagne entretenaient des liens étroits avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belges?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belges">Belges</a> de Gaule<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les îles Britanniques comptaient deux principaux groupes linguistiques appartenant à la famille des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_celtiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues celtiques">langues celtiques</a>. Il s'agit des langues <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_ga%C3%A9liques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues gaéliques">goïdéliques</a> en Irlande, et les dialectes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_brittoniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues brittoniques">brittoniques</a>, en Grande-Bretagne<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_commerce_de_la_Bretagne_avec_le_monde_méditerranéen"><span id="Le_commerce_de_la_Bretagne_avec_le_monde_m.C3.A9diterran.C3.A9en"></span>Le commerce de la Bretagne avec le monde méditerranéen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le commerce de la Bretagne avec le monde méditerranéen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Au <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">II<sup>e</sup></abbr> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, des itinéraires réguliers existent entre la Bretagne et la Méditerranée. Des marchands <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaulois_(peuples)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaulois (peuples)">gaulois</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A8tes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vénètes">Vénètes</a> en particulier, servent d'intermédiaires. Certains auteurs parlent du port gaulois de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corbilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corbilo">Corbilo</a>, non identifié précisément, peut-être situé sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estuaire_de_la_Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estuaire de la Loire">estuaire de la Loire</a>. Des routes commerciales existent aussi avec la Gaule du nord<sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[<abbr>réf.</abbr> souhaitée]</a></sup>.</p> <p>Des relations de longue date existent avec les civilisations méditerranéennes pour le commerce de chiens de chasse, d'esclaves<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et de métaux.</p> <p>Grâce aux vestiges du site, on estime qu'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hengistbury_Head?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hengistbury Head">Hengistbury Head</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorset?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, près de l'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bournemouth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>) est un centre commercial important au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conséquences_pour_la_Bretagne_de_la_conquête_de_la_Gaule"><span id="Cons.C3.A9quences_pour_la_Bretagne_de_la_conqu.C3.AAte_de_la_Gaule"></span>Conséquences pour la Bretagne de la conquête de la Gaule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Conséquences pour la Bretagne de la conquête de la Gaule" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les Romains achèvent la conquête du sud-est de la Gaule en -118 et y établissent la province de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_narbonnaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule narbonnaise">Gaule narbonnaise</a>. Cela renforce l'influence romaine dans le reste de la Gaule, à travers le commerce et les alliances avec certains peuples, notamment les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89duens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éduens">Éduens</a>. En -58, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules César">Jules César</a>, qui après avoir été <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consul_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consul (Rome antique)">consul</a>, est nommé gouverneur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proconsul_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proconsul (Rome antique)">proconsul</a> de la Narbonnaise, et intervient dans un conflit entre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89duens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éduens">Éduens</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helv%C3%A8tes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helvètes">Helvètes</a>, puis contre une offensive germaine (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arioviste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arioviste">Arioviste</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;: c'est le début de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_des_Gaules?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre des Gaules">guerre des Gaules</a>, qui va permettre aux légions de César de conquérir tout le pays.</p> <p>Les opérations de César en Gaule lui font prendre conscience des relations étroites qui existent entre Gaulois et Bretons. Les Bretons sont mentionnés à plusieurs reprises dans la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commentaires_sur_la_guerre_des_Gaules?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commentaires sur la guerre des Gaules">Guerre des Gaules</a></i>. Un roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suessions?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suessions">suéssion</a>, Divitiacus, est décrit comme ayant régné aussi sur l'île de Bretagne. Les commentaires de la <i>Guerre des Gaules</i> affirment que de nombreux Gaulois se sont réfugiés chez les Bretons, qui étaient intervenus auprès des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A8tes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vénètes">Vénètes</a> contre les forces romaines. A cela, il faut ajouter l'image que dressent les récits de l'époque à propos des îles Britanniques, territoire riche et mal connu. Strabon indique que vers cette époque, Publius Crassus, probablement l'un des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publius_Crassus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publius Crassus">lieutenants de César</a>, est le premier Romain à découvrir la «&nbsp;route des Cassitérides&nbsp;» et qu'il reconnait la richesse de leurs gisements d'étain<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'idée d'une conquête de l'île de Bretagne a probablement germé dans l'esprit de César dès -57, mais la révolte des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armoricains</a> en -56 et la nécessité de soumettre définitivement les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morins?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morins">Morins</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9napiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ménapiens">Ménapes</a> qui contrôlent les côtes du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pas_de_Calais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pas de Calais">Pas de Calais</a> l'empêchent de lancer son expédition dans l'immédiat. Ce n'est finalement qu'à la fin du moins d'août 55 av. J.-C. que César débarque pour la première fois sur l'île de Bretagne<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_conquête_romaine"><span id="La_conqu.C3.AAte_romaine"></span>La conquête romaine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La conquête romaine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_romaine_de_la_Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquête romaine de la Grande-Bretagne">Conquête romaine de la Grande-Bretagne</a>. </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jules_César_en_Bretagne"><span id="Jules_C.C3.A9sar_en_Bretagne"></span>Jules César en Bretagne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jules César en Bretagne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Au cours de la conquête de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallia_comata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallia comata">Gaule chevelue</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (-58/-52), Jules César débarque à deux reprises en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, en <time class="nowrap" datetime="U-0054" data-sort-value="U-0054">55 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></time> et en <time class="nowrap" datetime="U-0053" data-sort-value="U-0053">54 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></time>. Ces deux débarquements aboutissent au ralliement à César de plusieurs rois celtiques de Bretagne qui lui laissent des otages (les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinovantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trinovantes">Trinovantes</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantiaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantiaci">Cantiaci</a>, etc.), mais aucun territoire n'est annexé. On peut cependant noter que le chef gaulois des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atr%C3%A9bates?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atrébates">Atrébates</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commios?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commios">Commios</a>, quitte la Gaule pour s'établir en Bretagne.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="De_César_à_Caligula_:_un_début_de_romanisation"><span id="De_C.C3.A9sar_.C3.A0_Caligula_:_un_d.C3.A9but_de_romanisation"></span>De César à Caligula&nbsp;: un début de romanisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : De César à Caligula&nbsp;: un début de romanisation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La protection offerte par les légions romaines contre les raids des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pictes">Pictes</a>, peuple du nord de l'île, a favorisé le protectorat romain sur les royaumes bretons&nbsp;: au <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle de notre ère, des marchands romains s’y installent&nbsp;; plusieurs rois bretons sont fastueusement reçus à Rome par l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste">Auguste</a> puis par ses successeurs<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'archéologie montre un fort développement de l'artisanat du cuir, des textiles, de la métallurgie, de la joaillerie, de la verrerie, de la poterie, de la charpenterie et de la sculpture d'art à la mode de Rome, surtout au sud-est de l'île et le long de la côte sud où les inscriptions attestent d'un début de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanisation_(histoire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanisation (histoire)">romanisation</a> et où de vraies villes fortifiées apparaissent, remplaçant les gros villages de torchis et de bois caractéristiques de l'époque précédente. Le port de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douvres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douvres">Douvres</a> (<i>Dubris</i>) se développe, en lien avec le port continental de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesoriacum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesoriacum">Gesoriacum</a></i> (l'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Projets_d'invasion_d'Auguste_et_de_Caligula"><span id="Projets_d.27invasion_d.27Auguste_et_de_Caligula"></span>Projets d'invasion d'Auguste et de Caligula</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Projets d'invasion d'Auguste et de Caligula" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Un temps, l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste">Auguste</a> (qui règne de 26 av. J.-C. à 14 apr. J.-C.) envisage d'envahir l'île de Bretagne, mais ne dispose pas de la logistique nécessaire pour acheminer des légions ni d'une flotte suffisante&nbsp;: il renonce vers <time class="nowrap" datetime="0010" data-sort-value="0010">10 <abbr class="abbr" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></time>, d'autant qu'en l'an 9 en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanie_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanie (province romaine)">Germanie</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Teutobourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Teutobourg">défaite romaine de Teutoburg</a> anéantit trois légions menées par le gouverneur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varus">Varus</a>.</p> <p>En 39, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caligula?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> masse des troupes près de <i>Gesoriacum</i> et y fait édifier un phare, mais doit lui aussi renoncer pour des raisons budgétaires<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_règne_de_Claude_et_le_début_de_la_conquête"><span id="Le_r.C3.A8gne_de_Claude_et_le_d.C3.A9but_de_la_conqu.C3.AAte"></span>Le règne de Claude et le début de la conquête</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le règne de Claude et le début de la conquête" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L’empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude (empereur romain)">Claude</a> souhaite neutraliser les cultes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druide?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druide">druidiques</a> dont les bases subsistent en Bretagne, et qui sont susceptibles d’être un appui pour les opposants gaulois<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'intérêt des commerçants romains a également pu influer sur sa décision.</p> <p>Claude se sert du conflit entre le roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verica">Verica</a> et ses sujets, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catuvellauni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catuvellauni">Catuvellaunes</a>, comme prétexte à l'invasion. Il envoie en Bretagne quatre légions&nbsp;: les <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> <i>Augusta</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr> <i>Hispana</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="14"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XIV</span></abbr> <i>Gemina</i> et la <abbr class="abbr" title="20"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XX</span></abbr> <i>Valeria Victrix</i>, commandées par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aulus_Plautius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aulus Plautius">Aulus Plautius</a>, ancien gouverneur de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pannonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pannonie">Pannonie</a>, Flavius <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vespasien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vespasien">Vespasien</a>, futur empereur, et Osidius Geta. Les historiens estiment à environ 40&nbsp;000&nbsp;hommes le corps de débarquement qui mena la conquête du sud de la Bretagne de 43 à 47.</p> <p>Une bataille décisive a lieu contre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantiaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantiaci">Cantiaci</a> (ou <i>Cantii</i>) sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medway_(rivi%C3%A8re_d%27Angleterre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medway (rivière d'Angleterre)">Mediovia</a> (près de l'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rochester_(Kent)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rochester (Kent)">Rochester</a> dans le Kent)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette victoire romaine encourage les rois Bretons à s'allier aux Romains. Claude se rend lui-même en Bretagne, y tisse des alliances puis revient à Rome célébrer son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triomphe_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triomphe romain">triomphe</a>, prenant le titre de <i>Britannicus</i>, transmis à son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britannicus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britannicus">fils</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sous_le_règne_de_Néron_:_la_révolte_des_Icènes"><span id="Sous_le_r.C3.A8gne_de_N.C3.A9ron_:_la_r.C3.A9volte_des_Ic.C3.A8nes"></span>Sous le règne de Néron&nbsp;: la révolte des Icènes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sous le règne de Néron&nbsp;: la révolte des Icènes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En 60, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9ron?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Néron">Néron</a> fait occuper l’île de Mona (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglesey?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>) et détruire le sanctuaire druidique.</p> <p>En 60 et 61, à la suite du legs à Rome de son royaume par le roi des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iceni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iceni">Icènes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prasutagos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prasutagos">Prasutagos</a>, un conflit éclate entre les commerçants et les administrateurs romains et sa veuve, la reine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boadic%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boadicée">Boadicée</a>, dont les Icènes prennent le parti. Leurs troupes prennent plusieurs villes, massacrent les garnisons romaines et pillent <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camulodunum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camulodunum">Camulodunum</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verulamium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verulamium">Verulamium</a></i> et Londres (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londinium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></i>). Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%A9tone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suétone">Suétone</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9ron?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Néron">Néron</a> envisage d’évacuer l’île, mais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caius_Suetonius_Paulinus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caius Suetonius Paulinus">Suetonius Paulinus</a> mate la révolte. Les historiens romains annoncent un bilan terrible&nbsp;: 70&nbsp;000&nbsp;Romains massacrés au début de la révolte, et sûrement beaucoup plus de Bretons.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sous_le_règne_des_Flaviens"><span id="Sous_le_r.C3.A8gne_des_Flaviens"></span>Sous le règne des Flaviens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sous le règne des Flaviens" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vespasien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vespasien">Vespasien</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titus_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titus (empereur romain)">Titus</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domitien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domitien">Domitien</a>, la conquête romaine reprend&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li>de 71 à 74, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quintus_Petillius_Cerialis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quintus Petillius Cerialis">Quintus Petillius Cerialis</a> soumet les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brigantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brigantes">Brigantes</a> dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pennines?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pennines">chaîne Pennine</a></li> <li>de 74 à 77, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frontin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frontin">Frontin</a> conquiert le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_Galles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Galles">pays de Galles</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambrie">Cymrus ou Cambrie</a></i>).</li> <li>de 77 à 84, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cnaeus_Julius_Agricola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cnaeus Julius Agricola">Julius Agricola</a> s’attaque aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Highlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Highlands">Highlands</a> et envahit la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A9donie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calédonie">Calédonie</a>, mais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domitien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domitien">Domitien</a> le rappelle avant qu’il n’en achève la conquête.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sous_les_Antonins_:_la_construction_des_murs">Sous les Antonins&nbsp;: la construction des murs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sous les Antonins&nbsp;: la construction des murs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'occupation romaine s'arrête d'abord au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">mur d'Hadrien</a> (95&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètres"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kilom%C3%A8tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kilomètre">kilomètres</a></abbr>), dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord">nord</a> de l'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a>, puis au mur d'Antonin dans le sud de l'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écosse">Écosse</a>. La protection et la surveillance des peuples bretons soumis à Rome exige le maintien de trois légions et de troupes auxiliaires, soit de 20&nbsp;000&nbsp;à 30&nbsp;000&nbsp;hommes. Une grande partie de ces dernières était recrutée sur place. La Bretagne est une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province romaine">province impériale</a>, dont le responsable, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proconsul_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proconsul (Rome antique)">légat proconsul</a> (ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consul_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consul (Rome antique)">consul</a>) nommé par l'empereur (et non pas par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénat romain">Sénat</a>), réside <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage est confus." style="cursor:help;">à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colchester">Colchester</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camulodunum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camulodunum">Camulodunum</a></i>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i>) ou peut-être à Londres (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londinium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></i>)</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Style_encyclop%C3%A9dique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clair" title="Wikipédia:Style encyclopédique">[pas&nbsp;clair]</a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_Bretagne_aux_Ier_et_IIe_siècles"><span id="La_Bretagne_aux_Ier_et_IIe_si.C3.A8cles"></span>La Bretagne aux <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La Bretagne aux Ier et IIe&nbsp;siècles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tribus britanniques émettant de la monnaie avant la conquête romaine"> <noscript> <img alt="Tribus britanniques émettant de la monnaie avant la conquête romaine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg/120px-British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3084" data-file-height="2954"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 115px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg/120px-British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg" data-alt="Tribus britanniques émettant de la monnaie avant la conquête romaine" data-width="120" data-height="115" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg/180px-British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg/240px-British.coinage.Roman.invasion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Tribus britanniques émettant de la monnaie avant la conquête romaine </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Royaumes-clients du sud de l'île de Bretagne, précédant la conquête romaine."> <noscript> <img alt="Royaumes-clients du sud de l'île de Bretagne, précédant la conquête romaine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg/120px-England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1467" data-file-height="792"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 65px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg/120px-England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg.png" data-alt="Royaumes-clients du sud de l'île de Bretagne, précédant la conquête romaine." data-width="120" data-height="65" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg/180px-England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg/240px-England_Celtic_tribes_-_South.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Royaumes-clients du sud de l'île de Bretagne, précédant la conquête romaine. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:50-51b.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Peuples vers 50."> <noscript> <img alt="Peuples vers 50." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/50-51b.jpg/69px-50-51b.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1275"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 69px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/50-51b.jpg/69px-50-51b.jpg" data-alt="Peuples vers 50." data-width="69" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/50-51b.jpg/103px-50-51b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/50-51b.jpg/138px-50-51b.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Peuples vers 50. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:03-Britania.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Peuples vers 100."> <noscript> <img alt="Peuples vers 100." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/03-Britania.png/96px-03-Britania.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="576"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/03-Britania.png/96px-03-Britania.png" data-alt="Peuples vers 100." data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/03-Britania.png/143px-03-Britania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/03-Britania.png/191px-03-Britania.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Peuples vers 100. </div></li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Province romaine de Bretagne en 150, montrant les tribus autochtones, les villes, les routes principales et les légions romaines déployées."> <noscript> <img alt="Province romaine de Bretagne en 150, montrant les tribus autochtones, les villes, les routes principales et les légions romaines déployées." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg/92px-Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 92px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg/92px-Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg.png" data-alt="Province romaine de Bretagne en 150, montrant les tribus autochtones, les villes, les routes principales et les légions romaines déployées." data-width="92" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg/138px-Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg/184px-Roman_Roads_in_Britannia_fr.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Province romaine de Bretagne en 150, montrant les tribus autochtones, les villes, les routes principales et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Légion romaine">légions romaines</a> déployées. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Présence romaine vers 350."> <noscript> <img alt="Présence romaine vers 350." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg/112px-Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3388"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 112px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg/112px-Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg" data-alt="Présence romaine vers 350." data-width="112" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg/168px-Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg/224px-Britain.4th.century.Roman.infrastructure.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Présence romaine vers 350. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Late_roman_Britain.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Province romaine de Bretagne vers la fin du IVe&nbsp;siècle avec les régions vassales."> <noscript> <img alt="Province romaine de Bretagne vers la fin du IVe&nbsp;siècle avec les régions vassales." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Late_roman_Britain.jpg/109px-Late_roman_Britain.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1981" data-file-height="2173"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 109px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Late_roman_Britain.jpg/109px-Late_roman_Britain.jpg" data-alt="Province romaine de Bretagne vers la fin du IVe&nbsp;siècle avec les régions vassales." data-width="109" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Late_roman_Britain.jpg/164px-Late_roman_Britain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Late_roman_Britain.jpg/219px-Late_roman_Britain.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Province romaine de Bretagne vers la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peuple_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peuple fédéré">régions vassales</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Roman_Britain_410.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Bretagne romaine en 410."> <noscript> <img alt="Bretagne romaine en 410." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Roman_Britain_410.jpg/85px-Roman_Britain_410.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1755"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Roman_Britain_410.jpg/85px-Roman_Britain_410.jpg" data-alt="Bretagne romaine en 410." data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Roman_Britain_410.jpg/127px-Roman_Britain_410.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Roman_Britain_410.jpg/170px-Roman_Britain_410.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Bretagne romaine en 410. </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Organisation_de_la_province">Organisation de la province</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Organisation de la province" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Au cours des <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècles, la province de Bretagne est organisée en différentes zones&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li>la province proprement dite, répartie entre une zone militarisée et une zone pacifiée, divisée en cités&nbsp;;</li> <li>des royaumes-clients, incorporés à la province seulement au cours de la seconde moitié du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ier_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ier siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cogidubnus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cogidubnus">Togodumnus</a> au sud, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prasutagos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prasutagos">Prasutagos</a> à l'ouest…).</li> </ul> <p>Tandis que les royaumes-clients gardent une forme d'autonomie, le reste du territoire se fond dans le schéma impérial général des cités, constituées en fonction des tribus préexistantes, comme en Gaule (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catuvellauni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catuvellauni">Catuvellaunes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atr%C3%A9bates?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atrébates">Atrébates</a>, etc.). Les cités romaines sont créées sur la base des tribus existantes telles que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atr%C3%A9bates?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atrébates">Atrébates</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinovantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trinovantes">Trinovantes</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iceni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iceni">Icènes</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corieltauvi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corieltauvi">Coritanes</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordovices?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordovices">Ordovices</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silures?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silures">Silures</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demetae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demetae">Démètes</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brigantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brigantes">Brigantes</a>. La cité est formée par le chef-lieu et un territoire plus ou moins étendu.</p> <p>Les divisions territoriales ont évolué au fil du temps avec des noms comme <i>Bretannia prima, Bretannia secunda, Bretannia flavia, Bretannia maxima, Bretannia valentia, Bretannia superior, Bretannia inferior</i>…</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Urbanisation">Urbanisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Urbanisation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Bretagne (province romaine)">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&nbsp;! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&nbsp;?</a> </div> </div> <p>Parfois, une bourgade celtique existe déjà et la cité britto-romaine la développe, par exemple à <i>Calleva</i>, <i>Verulamium</i> ou <i>Camulodunum</i>. Parfois un nouveau centre est fondé par déplacement de population (<i>Noviomagus</i>, <i>Durovernum</i>, <i>Corinium Dobunnorum</i>…</p> <p>La capitales provinciales étaient, pour la Bretagne supérieure (au sud-est) <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londinium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londinium">Londinium</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>, fondée dans le courant du <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle) mais peut-être aussi, et par moments, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camulodunum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camulodunum">Camulodunum</a></i> (probablement première capitale en 43) ou <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i>&nbsp;; pour la Bretagne inférieure (au nord-ouest) <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corinium_Dobunnorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corinium Dobunnorum">Corinium Dobunnorum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirencester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirencester">Cirencester</a>) ou <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a>).</p> <p><b>Liste de villes de Bretagne romaine</b></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camulodunum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camulodunum">Camulodunum</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colchester">Colchester</a>), colonie militaire sur le territoire des Trinovantes</li> <li><i>Lindum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincoln_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lincoln (Royaume-Uni)">Lincoln</a>), colonie militaire fondée sous les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flaviens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flaviens">Flaviens</a></li> <li><i>Glevum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gloucester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>), colonie militaire fondée sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nerva?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a>), colonie militaire fondée probablement sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonin_le_Pieux?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonin le Pieux">Antonin le Pieux</a></li> <li><i>Caesaromagus</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chelmsford?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a>), chef-lieu des Trinovantes</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verulamium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verulamium">Verulamium</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Albans?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Albans">St Albans</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Municipe">municipe</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Citoyennet%C3%A9_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Citoyenneté romaine">droit latin</a> (le seul de Bretagne), chef-lieu des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catuvellauni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catuvellauni">Catuvellauni</a></li> <li><i>Noviomagus Regnorum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chichester_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chichester (Royaume-Uni)">Chichester</a>), chef-lieu des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regnenses?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regnenses">Regnenses</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calleva_Atrebatum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calleva Atrebatum">Calleva Atrebatum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silchester">Silchester</a>), capitale des Atrébates de Bretagne (il existe une cité des Atrébates en Gaule, chef-lieu <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arras?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arras">Arras</a>)</li> <li><i>Venta Belgarum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Winchester_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Winchester (Royaume-Uni)">Winchester</a>), capitale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belges?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belges">Belges</a></li> <li><i>Durovernum Cantiacorum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>), capitale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantiaci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantiaci">Cantiaci</a></li> <li><i>Durnovaria Durotrigum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorchester_(Dorset)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorchester (Dorset)">Dorchester</a>), capitale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durotriges?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durotriges">Durotriges</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corinium_Dobunnorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corinium Dobunnorum">Corinium Dobunnorum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirencester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirencester">Cirencester</a>), capitale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dobunni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dobunni">Dobunni</a></li> <li><i>Ratae Corieltauorum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leicester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>)</li> <li><i>Deva</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester (Royaume-Uni)">Chester</a>), entourée d'une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muraille_de_Chester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muraille de Chester">muraille</a> de près de 3 km</li> <li><i>Dubris</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douvres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douvres">Douvres</a>)</li> <li><i>Corstopitum</i> (Corbridge), proche du mur d’Hadrien</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venta_Silurum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venta Silurum">Venta Silurum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caerwent?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caerwent">Caerwent</a>) chez les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silures?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silures">Silures</a></li> <li><i>Isca Silurum</i> (Caerleon), colonie militaire, aussi dans la cité des Silures</li> <li><i>Mancunium</i> (ou <i>Mamucium</i>) (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>)</li> <li><i>Aquae Sulis</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bath?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bath">Bath</a>), qui conserve des vestiges de bains romains</li> <li><i>Mediobogdum</i> (Hardknott).</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg/220px-Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg/220px-Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg/330px-Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg/440px-Hardknott_Roman_Fort.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Vue aérienne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediobogdum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediobogdum">Mediobogdum</a> (Hardknott, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cumberland_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cumberland (comté)">Cumberland</a>), mars 2018. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les noms de ces villes comportent des éléments qu'on retrouve en Gaule, notamment <i>-dunum</i> (forteresse, cf. <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon_pendant_l%27Antiquit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon pendant l'Antiquité">Lugdunum</a></i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>), <i>-magus/-magos</i> (marché, cf. <i>Rotomagos</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>), <i>medio-</i> (centre, cf. <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediolanum_Santonum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediolanum Santonum">Mediolanum Santonum</a></i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saintes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saintes">Saintes</a>).</p> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archéologie">archéologie</a> des villes britto-romaines a révélé quelques bâtiments caractéristiques de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanisation_(histoire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanisation (histoire)">romanisation</a>, notamment les thermes de Bath, dont le nom latin connote déjà la fonction thermale (<i>Aquae</i>, «&nbsp;les eaux&nbsp;», cf. <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquae_Sextiae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquae Sextiae">Aquae Sextiae</a></i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aix-en-Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a>).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les liaisons maritimes avec le continent se font par Douvres et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesoriacum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesoriacum">Gesoriacum</a></i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule belgique">province de Belgique</a>, cité des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morins?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morins">Morins</a>). La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornouailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornouailles">Cornouailles</a> a aussi des liaisons avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condevincum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Condevincum">Condevincum</a></i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_lyonnaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule lyonnaise">province de Lyonnaise</a>, cité des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Namn%C3%A8tes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Namnètes">Namnètes</a>) et Bordeaux (<i>Burdigala</i>, capitale de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_aquitaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule aquitaine">province d'Aquitaine</a>, chef-lieu des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bituriges_Vivisques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bituriges Vivisques">Bituriges Vivisques</a>).</p> <p>L’activité et l'exportation minières restent importantes&nbsp;: mines de plomb argentifère, d’or, de cuivre, d’étain, et même de fer et de charbon.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Romanisation_et_usage_de_la_langue_latine">Romanisation et usage de la langue latine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Romanisation et usage de la langue latine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">latin</a>, langue officielle de l'Empire romain, sert de langue véhiculaire pour les Romains et les populations celtiques locales, estimées à un million d'habitants, que les Romains appellent <i>Brettones</i> (Bretons).</p> <p>Cependant, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanisation_(histoire)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanisation (histoire)">romanisation</a> linguistique des habitants de l'île reste limitée&nbsp;; elle semble avoir surtout concerné le sud-est de la province (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bassin_de_Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bassin de Londres">bassin de Londres</a>) et les chefs-lieux de cités, surtout dans l'élite, tandis que le fonds celtique (ou germanique pour ce qui est des Belges<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) perdure dans les campagnes et dans certaines régions, particulièrement en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambrie">Cambrie</a>, restée autonome, où les Romains s'implantent peu.</p> <p>À la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacite">Tacite</a> écrit&nbsp;:</p> <blockquote> <p>«&nbsp;En fait, les populations locales et rurales ne furent pas assimilées par Rome. La langue latine resta une langue étrangère, sans doute nécessaire pour les relations avec les Romains. La latinisation des villes fut plus importante, mais pas au point de faire changer de langue les habitants.&nbsp;»</p> </blockquote> <p style="margin:-0.7em 0 0.3em 6em">—&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tacite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tacite">Tacite</a>, <cite><i>Vie d'Agricola</i></cite></p> <p>C'était encore valable au <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle. C'est une différence avec la Gaule, où à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, les habitants ne parlent généralement plus gaulois mais <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_gallo-romanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues gallo-romanes">gallo-romain</a>. En revanche, les Bretons qui émigrent en Gaule au <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle parlent brittonique et leur langue va s'implanter dans la partie occidentale de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armorique</a>, dès lors appelée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a> continentale.</p> <p>Certains noms, mots et suffixes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglais">anglais</a> ont des origines latines <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_noms_latins_des_villes_des_%C3%AEles_Britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des noms latins des villes des îles Britanniques">héritées de la période romaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li><i>street</i> de <i>strata</i> (chaussée);</li> <li><i>wall</i> de <i>vallum</i> (palissade, mur);</li> <li><i>dish</i> (plat), de <i>discus</i> (disque);</li> <li><i>wine</i> de <i>vinum</i> (vin);</li> <li><i>cheese</i> de <i>caseus</i> (fromage);</li> <li><i>cheap</i> de <i>caupo</i> (aubergiste);</li> <li><i>-chester</i> et <i>-cester</i> de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camp romain">castrum</a></i> (camp, forteresse, château) comme dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester (Royaume-Uni)">Chester</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, Winchester ou Dorchester<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>;</li> <li><i>-coln</i>, suffixe toponymique pour <i>colonia</i> («&nbsp;colonie&nbsp;»), comme dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincoln_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lincoln (Royaume-Uni)">Lincoln</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Défense_de_la_province"><span id="D.C3.A9fense_de_la_province"></span>Défense de la province</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Défense de la province" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <span> <video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm/220px--Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="132" data-durationhint="87" data-mwtitle="Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fichier:Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="800" data-height="480"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1200" data-height="720"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8&quot;" data-width="1280" data-height="768"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="400" data-height="240"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="600" data-height="360"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm/Templeborough_Roman_Fort_visualised_3D_flythrough_-_Rotherham.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="600" data-height="360"> </video></span> <figcaption> Fort romain de Templeborough dans le Yorkshire. Reconstruction pour le musée Rotherham. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Entre 119 et 122, puis en 142, des soulèvements de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brigantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brigantes">Brigantes</a> soutenus par les tribus insoumises de Calédonie (Écosse) se produisirent sur la frontière nord de la Bretagne, obligeant à un renforcement du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limes">limes</a> (fortification sur la frontière extérieure de l'empire).</p> <p>C’est au cours du voyage que l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadrien">Hadrien</a> (117-138) effectua en Calédonie en 121-122 que la construction du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">mur d'Hadrien</a> commença pour se terminer en 128. Ce mur était entouré de fossés, jalonné de fortins, de casernes, de toute une infrastructure militaire qui fut efficace pendant plus de trois siècles. Il s’agissait pour l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain">Empire romain</a> de soulager les forces armées de la pression des Pictes, qui se faisait de plus en plus forte (certains historiens parlent davantage d’une ligne de «&nbsp;démarcation&nbsp;» que d’une ligne de fortification). En 142, l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonin_le_Pieux?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonin le Pieux">Antonin le Pieux</a> fit construire un autre mur, entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firth_of_Forth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firth of Forth">Forth</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firth_of_Clyde?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firth of Clyde">Clyde</a>, qui «&nbsp;doublait&nbsp;» au nord la fortification déjà édifiée par son père adoptif Hadrien.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_Bretagne_au_IIIe_siècle"><span id="La_Bretagne_au_IIIe_si.C3.A8cle"></span>La Bretagne au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La Bretagne au IIIe&nbsp;siècle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg/220px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1152"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 288px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg/220px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="288" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg/330px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg/440px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Roman_Britain_400.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La Bretagne romaine vers 400. Carte de 1905. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Au cours du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>, les troupes romaines de Bretagne participent aux troubles politiques de l’Empire romain et font face à des attaques venues du nord et de la mer, mais qui n’ont pas la gravité des assauts germaniques sur le Rhin ou le Danube.</p> <p>En 193, le légat <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clodius_Albinus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clodius Albinus">Clodius Albinus</a> s’insurge après l’assassinat de l’empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pertinax_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pertinax (empereur romain)">Pertinax</a>. En 197, il débarque en Gaule pour affronter <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septime_S%C3%A9v%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septime Sévère">Septime Sévère</a>, et se fait battre à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Lugdunum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Lugdunum">Lyon</a>.</p> <p>De 208 à 211, Septime Sévère combat les incursions des Calédoniens. Il divise la Bretagne en deux provinces, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_sup%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne supérieure">Bretagne supérieure</a> (capitale <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester (Royaume-Uni)"><i>Deva</i></a>) et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_inf%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne inférieure">Bretagne inférieure</a> (capitale <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York"><i>Eburacum</i></a>), le long de la ligne allant de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severn?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severn">Severn</a> à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humber?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humber">Humber</a>. Septime Sévère abandonne le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Antonin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Antonin">mur d'Antonin</a> pour revenir au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">mur d'Hadrien</a> dont il remanie et améliore les défenses. Il meurt à <i>Eburacum</i> en 211.</p> <p>La Bretagne compte alors quatre colonies militaires romaines&nbsp;: <i>Camulodunum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colchester">Colchester</a>), <i>Eburacum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a>), <i>Lindum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lincoln_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lincoln (Royaume-Uni)">Lincoln</a>) et <i>Glevum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gloucester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a>). Les villes, établies sur des sites celtiques anciens ou à proximité immédiate, sont construites selon les principes de l’urbanisme romain (plan géométrique, forum, basilique, thermes, temples). Elles ne regroupent pas plus de 10&nbsp;% de la population totale. Les campagnes sont organisées en deux structures typiques&nbsp;: au sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamise">Tamise</a>, de grands domaines (<i>villae</i>) sont des propriétés de l’élite locale, indigène ou non&nbsp;; au nord, de multiples villages perpétuent des types d’exploitation datant de l’âge du fer. Le réseau routier a une importance stratégique, permettant d’acheminer rapidement des troupes vers les régions peu sûres. Pour le transport des marchandises, les routes sont concurrencées par les cours d’eau et le cabotage, rapide et plus sûr. L’économie est basée sur la culture des céréales, l’élevage et avant tout l’exploitation des métaux&nbsp;: plomb (verrerie), fer, cuivre, bronze, étain des îles <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Cassit%C3%A9rides?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Cassitérides">Cassitérides</a>. Ces produits sont échangés contre du vin, de l’huile et des objets en métal nécessaires aux légions stationnées dans l’île.</p> <p>Vers l'an 250, l'émigration des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frisons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frisons">Frisons</a> (probablement avec l'accord des autorités romaines pour protéger la région des incursions des Calédoniens) vers la côte est de la Bretagne insulaire atteint son summum à la suite de la montée des eaux. De 259 à 274, la Bretagne soutient les empereurs gaulois et fait partie de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_des_Gaules?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire des Gaules">empire des Gaules</a>. En 286, le général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carausius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carausius">Carausius</a> usurpe le pouvoir en Bretagne, et contrôle avec sa flotte la côte de la Gaule de l’Escaut à la Seine. L’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste (titre)">auguste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maximien_Hercule?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maximien Hercule">Maximien Hercule</a> accaparé par la défense contre les Germains ne parvient pas à le réduire. En 293, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="César (titre)">césar</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constance_Chlore?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constance Chlore">Constance Chlore</a> oblige Carausius à quitter ses positions en Gaule. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allectus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allectus">Allectus</a>, fonctionnaire soutenu par les marchands de Londres, assassine Carausius, se proclame empereur à son tour et ramène ses légions en Bretagne. Constance Chlore débarque en Bretagne en 296. Allectus est tué dans les combats et l’Empire reprend le contrôle de la province. En 306, Constance Chlore meurt à <i>Eburacum</i> (York), alors qu’il s’apprêtait à marcher contre les Pictes révoltés.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_Bretagne_au_IVe_siècle_après_les_réformes_de_Dioclétien"><span id="La_Bretagne_au_IVe_si.C3.A8cle_apr.C3.A8s_les_r.C3.A9formes_de_Diocl.C3.A9tien"></span>La Bretagne au <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle après les réformes de Dioclétien</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La Bretagne au IVe&nbsp;siècle après les réformes de Dioclétien" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_réformes_de_Dioclétien_:_le_diocèse_des_Bretagnes"><span id="Les_r.C3.A9formes_de_Diocl.C3.A9tien_:_le_dioc.C3.A8se_des_Bretagnes"></span>Les réformes de Dioclétien&nbsp;: le diocèse des Bretagnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les réformes de Dioclétien&nbsp;: le diocèse des Bretagnes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diocl%C3%A9tien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dioclétien">Dioclétien</a>, empereur de 284 à 305, est à l'origine d'une profonde réforme de l'empire, caractérisée par la création de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A9trarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tétrarchie">Tétrarchie</a> (quatre empereurs&nbsp;: deux Auguste et deux César), par la création de nouvelles circonscriptions, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_(Empire_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocèse (Empire romain)">diocèses</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_du_pr%C3%A9toire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture du prétoire">préfectures du prétoire</a>, et par la division des provinces existantes.</p> <p>La province de Bretagne devient le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_des_Bretagnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocèse des Bretagnes">diocèse des Bretagnes</a> (capitale&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">York</a>/<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i>) rattaché à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_du_pr%C3%A9toire_des_Gaules?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture du prétoire des Gaules">préfecture du prétoire des Gaules</a> (capitale&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A8ves_(Allemagne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trèves (Allemagne)">Trèves</a>). Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vicaire_(Empire_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vicaire (Empire romain)">vicaire</a>, chef du diocèse des Bretagne, dont le dernier représentant est l'évêque Chrysanthus (de 395 à 406), réside dans la grande ville militaire d'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i>.</p> <p>Le diocèse est divisée en plusieurs provinces, mal connues en raison du manque de sources, mais qui se présentaient probablement de la façon suivante du nord au sud&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maxime_C%C3%A9sarienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maxime Césarienne">Maxime césarienne</a>, province au nord de la Tamise, entre la mer et le pays de Galles, capitale <i>Londinium</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>)&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_seconde?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne seconde">Bretagne seconde</a>, correspondant au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_Galles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Galles">pays de Galles</a>, capitale <i>Isca Silurum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caerleon_(pays_de_Galles)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caerleon (pays de Galles)">Caerleon</a>)&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavie_c%C3%A9sarienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavie césarienne">Flavie césarienne</a> (<i>Flavia Caesariensis</i>), dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pennines?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pennines">chaîne Pennine</a>, capitale <i>Eburacum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a>)&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britannia_Prima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britannia Prima">Bretagne première</a>, correspondant aux Cornouailles et aux régions au sud de la Tamise, capitale <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corinium_Dobunnorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corinium Dobunnorum">Corinium Dobunnorum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirencester?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirencester">Cirencester</a>).</li> </ul> <p>La date de création de ces 4 provinces est inconnue mais elles sont citées vers 312-314 dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laterculus_Veronensis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laterculus Veronensis">Liste de Vérone</a>. Cette réorganisation territoriale se double d'une séparation nette entre les pouvoirs civils aux mains des gouverneurs et pouvoirs militaires confiés aux <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dux?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dux">duces</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i></p> <p>Une cinquième province, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentia_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valentia (province romaine)">Valentia</a> est citée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ammien_Marcellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ammien Marcellin">Ammien Marcellin</a>. Sa localisation et sa date de création sont sujet à débat.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Société_et_économie"><span id="Soci.C3.A9t.C3.A9_et_.C3.A9conomie"></span>Société et économie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Société et économie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>À cette époque, Londres devient un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atelier_mon%C3%A9taire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atelier monétaire romain">atelier monétaire impérial</a>.</p> <p>Le christianisme s'implante peu à peu dans la province. Trois évêques bretons participent au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concile_d%27Arles_(314)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concile d'Arles (314)">concile d’Arles</a> en 314.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Armée_et_défense_du_diocèse"><span id="Arm.C3.A9e_et_d.C3.A9fense_du_dioc.C3.A8se"></span>Armée et défense du diocèse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Armée et défense du diocèse" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les généraux responsables de la défense des Bretagnes sont&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li>le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dux_Britanniarum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dux Britanniarum">Dux Britanniarum</a></i> (duc des Bretagnes), chargé de la garde du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">mur d'Hadrien</a>.</li> <li>le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comes_Britanniarum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comes Britanniarum">Comes Britanniarum</a></i> (comte des Bretagnes), chargé des légions mobiles.</li> <li>le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam (page inexistante)">Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam" class="extiw" title="en:Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a></i> (comte du littoral saxon en Bretagne ou <i>Count of the Saxon Shore</i>), chargé de la surveillance des côtes.</li> </ul> <p>En 368-370, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_l%27Ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodose l'Ancien">Théodose l'Ancien</a> repousse les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coalition_barbare_de_368_en_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coalition barbare de 368 en Bretagne">incursions</a> des Pictes, des Scots et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litus_Saxonicum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litus Saxonicum">pirates saxons</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Fin_de_la_Bretagne_romaine">Fin de la Bretagne romaine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Fin de la Bretagne romaine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne_post-romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne post-romaine">Grande-Bretagne post-romaine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émigration bretonne en Armorique">Émigration bretonne en Armorique</a>. </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_départ_des_troupes_romaines_et_la_fin_de_l'autorité_romaine"><span id="Le_d.C3.A9part_des_troupes_romaines_et_la_fin_de_l.27autorit.C3.A9_romaine"></span>Le départ des troupes romaines et la fin de l'autorité romaine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le départ des troupes romaines et la fin de l'autorité romaine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En 383, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magnus_Maximus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a> aurait mené campagne en Gaule avec l'armée de Bretagne. Après la défaite de Maxime, il ne semble pas certain que ses troupes aient regagné la <i>Britannia</i>. Dès cette période, la province ne semble plus en moyen de lutter efficacement contre les Scots et les Pictes. La campagne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stilicon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stilicon">Stilicon</a> en 396-398 contre ces derniers parvient à peine à rétablir en équilibre précaire que déjà, en 401, Stilicon retire des troupes de l’île pour défendre l'Italie contre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alaric_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alaric Ier">Alaric</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 407, la majeure partie de l'armée de Bretagne passe en Gaule pour contrer l'avancée de plusieurs peuples barbares à la suite du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Passage_du_Rhin_(406)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Passage du Rhin (406)">Passage du Rhin (406)</a>. Proclamé empereur par les troupes de Bretagne, l'usurpateur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantin_III_(usurpateur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantin III (usurpateur romain)">Constantin III</a> stoppe l'avancée des barbares mais est vaincu et exécuté avec son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constant_(fils_de_Constantin_III)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constant (fils de Constantin III)">Constant</a> en 411 par l'empereur légitime <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Honorius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Honorius">Honorius</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'année 410 marque une rupture. Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zosime_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zosime (historien)">Zosime</a>, l'empereur Honorius aurait écrit une lettre conseillant aux cités bretonnes de se défendre par elles-mêmes face aux pirates saxons. L'empereur ne dispose alors plus de troupes de réserve. Zosime indique que l'administration civile est chassée par l'aristocratie indigène<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Après 410, les sources, principalement hagiographiques, ne permettent plus de retracer correctement le fil des événements. Il semble toutefois qu'existe dans l'île deux partis. Le premier parti est mené par le <i>superbus tyrannus</i> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vortigern?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a> et est favorable à l'autonomie de la province. Fortement marquée par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9lage_(h%C3%A9r%C3%A9siarque)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pélage (hérésiarque)">hérésie pélagienne</a>, il s'agit d'une aristocratie profondément anti-romaine, dont l'opulence est attestée dans la Vie de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germain_d%27Auxerre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germain d'Auxerre">saint Germain d'Auxerre</a>. Le parti de Vortigern est à l'origine de l'installation de contingents saxons dans le sud-est de la <i>Britannia</i>, afin de prévenir toute velléité romaine de ramener la province dans le giron impérial. Le second parti, favorable à l'autorité romaine, ne reste pas inactif. Dans le cadre de la lutte contre l'hérésie pélagienne, les évêques de Bretagne envoient une plainte au pape Celestin. La vigueur de ce parti est confortée par la réussite des deux missions de saint Germain d'Auxerre (429 et 446-447). C'est probablement ce même groupe pro-romain qui adresse à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Aetius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Aetius">Aetius</a> la fameuse <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Plainte des Bretons&nbsp;»</span> en 446<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Vers 440, les Saxons installés par Vortigern se soulèvent. Aetius ne peut intervenir et Vortigern est chassé du pouvoir. Lui succède alors <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a>, personnage semi-légendaire. Si les récits hagiographiques indiquent que ces parents avaient porté la pourpre<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, rien n'est dit sur ses volontés de rapprochement avec les autorités romaines<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Monde_rural_et_civilisation_urbaine">Monde rural et civilisation urbaine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Monde rural et civilisation urbaine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La fin de la province de Bretagne se caractérise par de profondes mutations de l'activité rurale et de la civilisation urbaine. Le recul démographique et économique entraîne le ralentissement de l'activité agricole, et dans certains cas l'abandon de terres auparavant exploitées. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villa_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Villa romaine"><i>villae</i></a> encore en fonctionnement sont désertées dès le début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>. La poursuite de la vie urbaine au cours du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a> est plus difficile à appréhender. La vie de saint Germain d'Auxerre et la vie de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrick_d%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrick d'Irlande">saint Patrick</a> laissent entrevoir la poursuite d'une activité urbaine au début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>, mais les données archéologiques soulignent bien un abandon massif des monuments publics (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forum_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forum romain">fora</a></i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermes_romains?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thermes romains">thermes</a>) à cette période. Il ne semble en tout cas pas y avoir de continuité entre les centres urbains britto-romains et les bourgades médiévales. A l'inverse, certains <i>hillforts</i> protohistoriques sont réoccupés au cours du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Émigration_de_Bretons_vers_l'ouest_de_la_Gaule_et_origines_de_la_Bretagne_continentale"><span id=".C3.89migration_de_Bretons_vers_l.27ouest_de_la_Gaule_et_origines_de_la_Bretagne_continentale"></span>Émigration de Bretons vers l'ouest de la Gaule et origines de la Bretagne continentale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Émigration de Bretons vers l'ouest de la Gaule et origines de la Bretagne continentale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A partir du <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, des Bretons de l'ancienne province de Bretagne s'installent à l'ouest de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armorique</a>, faisant de cette région une nouvelle Bretagne où la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breton?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breton">langue bretonne</a> s'implante.</p> <p>Durant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haut Moyen Âge">haut Moyen Âge</a>, il est possible que quelques chefs bretons comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conomor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conomor">Conomor</a> parviennent à étendre leur pouvoir des deux côtés de la Manche<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sites_archéologiques_romains"><span id="Sites_arch.C3.A9ologiques_romains"></span>Sites archéologiques romains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sites archéologiques romains" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">Mur d'Hadrien</a>, dont le fort de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vindolanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vindolanda">Vindolanda</a>, à Chesterholm, où l'on a découvert d'exceptionnels restes de correspondances des soldats stationnés dans ce fort,</li> <li>Théâtre de Verulamium, près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Albans?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Albans">St Albans</a>,</li> <li>Thermes romains de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bath?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bath">Bath</a>,</li> <li>Amphithéâtre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caerleon_(pays_de_Galles)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caerleon (pays de Galles)">Caerleon</a>,</li> <li>Fort de Deva Victrix, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester (Royaume-Uni)">Chester</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-5">f</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-6">g</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-7">h</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-8">i</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-9">j</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-10">k</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-11">l</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_1-12">m</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Galliou2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patrick_Galliou2004">Patrick <span class="nom_auteur">Galliou</span>, <cite class="italique">Britannia: histoire et civilisation de la Grande-Bretagne romaine Ier-Ve siècles apr. J.-C</cite>, Éd. Errance, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&nbsp;«&nbsp;Collection des Hespérides&nbsp;», <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87772-282-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87772-282-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87772-282-7</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;7-9&nbsp;; 156&nbsp;; 165-172<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Britannia%3A+histoire+et+civilisation+de+la+Grande-Bretagne+romaine+Ier-Ve+si%C3%A8cles+apr.+J.-C&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Errance&amp;rft.aulast=Galliou&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.pages=7-9+%3B+156+%3B+165-172&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-87772-282-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Informations <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cnrtl.fr/lexicographie/Britanniques/0">lexicographiques</a> et <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/Britanniques/0">étymologiques</a> de «&nbsp;Britanniques&nbsp;» dans le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sor_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise_informatis%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trésor de la langue française informatisé">Trésor de la langue française informatisé</a></i>, sur le site du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre_national_de_ressources_textuelles_et_lexicales?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales">Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">d'Arbois de Jubainville, «&nbsp;L’île Prétanique, les îles Prétaniques, les Brittones ou Brittani&nbsp;», <i>Revue Celtique</i>, n° 13, 1892, p. 398–403 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/D%2527Arbois_de_Jubainville_1892a">en ligne</a> sur le site Codecs.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ohi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ohi_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Foster_(editor)Corrain2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="R_F_Foster_(editor)Donnchadh_O_Corrain2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R F <span class="nom_auteur">Foster (editor)</span> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donnchadh_O_Corrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Donnchadh O Corrain">Donnchadh O Corrain</a>, Professor of Irish History at University College Cork: Prehistoric and Early Christian Ireland, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Oxford History of Ireland</cite>, Oxford University Press, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2001-11-01" data-sort-value="2001-11-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> novembre 2001</time>, 346&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-280202-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-280202-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-280202-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbD9RFgLaGQkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ireland&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Foster+%28editor%29&amp;rft.aufirst=R+F&amp;rft.au=Donnchadh+O+Corrain&amp;rft.date=2001-11-01&amp;rft.tpages=346&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-280202-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">P. De Bernardo Stempel, <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&nbsp;Linguistically Celtic ethnonyms&nbsp;: towards a classification&nbsp;» in&nbsp;: L. García Alonso (ed.), <i>Celtic and Other Languages in Ancient Europe</i>, éd. de l'Université de Salamanque 2008, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">101-118</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strabon">Strabon</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cndp.fr/archive-musagora/gaulois/textes/grecfr/strabon_ge_1_4_py_fr.pdf"><i>Géographie</i>, I, 4, 2-3 et II, 5, 8</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> Polybe, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DefKpFCZczIAC%26pg%3DPA251"><i>Histoire générale</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;3, livre XXXIV, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;251</a>, trad. Félix Bouchot, 1847.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_8-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_8-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="HaywoodHaywood2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_HaywoodJohn_Haywood2002">John <span class="nom_auteur">Haywood</span> et John <span class="nom_auteur">Haywood</span>, <cite class="italique">Atlas historique des Celtes</cite>, Éd. Autrement, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&nbsp;«&nbsp;Collection atlas Mémoires&nbsp;», <time>2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7467-0187-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7467-0187-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7467-0187-8</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;14-15&nbsp;; 78<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Atlas+historique+des+Celtes&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Autrement&amp;rft.aulast=Haywood&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.au=Haywood%2C+John&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pages=14-15+%3B+78&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7467-0187-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Par opposition à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_narbonnaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule narbonnaise">Gaule narbonnaise</a>, conquise dès - 118.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dion_Cassius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dion Cassius">Dion Cassius</a>, <i>Res Gestae Augusti</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Macready,_F.H._Thompson1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._Macready,_F.H._Thompson1984"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> S. Macready, F.H. Thompson, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Cross-Channel Trade between Gaul and Britain in the pre-Roman Iron Age</cite>, London, <time>1984</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cross-Channel+Trade+between+Gaul+and+Britain+in+the+pre-Roman+Iron+Age&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.au=S.+Macready%2C+F.H.+Thompson&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Crise financière romaine de l’année 39 relatée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dion_Cassius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dion Cassius">Dion Cassius</a>, <i>Histoire romaine</i>, p. 10.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.lhistoire.fr/boudicca-la-vercing%25C3%25A9torix-anglaise"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Boudicca, la Vercingétorix anglaise</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">lhistoire.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-03-25" data-sort-value="2021-03-25">25 mars 2021</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Jean-Philippe Genet, <i>Les Îles Britanniques au Moyen Âge</i>, Hachette, 2005, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;12.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stephen_Oppenheimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stephen Oppenheimer">Stephen Oppenheimer</a>, <i>The Origins of the British</i>, 2006.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">A.L.F. Rivet &amp; Colin Smith, <i>The place-names of Roman Britain</i>, Londres, 1979.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mills2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="A.D._Mills2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> A.D. <span class="nom_auteur">Mills</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A Dictionary of British Place-Names</cite>, Oxford, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2003</time>, 533&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-852758-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-852758-6"><span class="nowrap">0-19-852758-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oxfordreference.com/pages/Subjects_and_Titles__2B_05">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+British+Place-Names&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Mills&amp;rft.aufirst=A.D.&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.tpages=533&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-852758-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Porter la pourpre est une dignité de l'aristocratie romaine</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fleuriot1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Fleuriot1980">Léon Fleuriot, <cite class="italique">Les origines de la Bretagne</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Payot_(%C3%A9ditions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Payot (éditions)">Payot</a>, <time>1980</time>, 355&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;355<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+origines+de+la+Bretagne&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Payot&amp;rft.aulast=Fleuriot&amp;rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.pages=355&amp;rft.tpages=355&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&nbsp;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roman_Britain?uselang%3Dfr">Bretagne (province romaine)</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Petit1974"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Petit1974">Paul Petit, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de l’Empire romain</cite>, édition du Seuil, <time>1974</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%E2%80%99Empire+romain&amp;rft.pub=%C3%A9dition+du+Seuil&amp;rft.aulast=Petit&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Millet1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Millet1990"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> M. Millet, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Romanization of Britain. An essay in archaeological interpretation</cite>, Cambridge, <time>1990</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Romanization+of+Britain.+An+essay+in+archaeological+interpretation&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.aulast=Millet&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wacher_(ed)1975"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._Wacher_(ed)1975"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> J. Wacher (ed), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Civitas Capitals of Roman Britain</cite>, Leicester, <time>1975</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Civitas+Capitals+of+Roman+Britain&amp;rft.place=Leicester&amp;rft.au=J.+Wacher+%28ed%29&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Todd_(ed)2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Todd_(ed)2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> M. Todd (ed), <cite class="italique" lang="en">A companion to Roman Britain</cite>, London, <time>2004</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+companion+to+Roman+Britain&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.au=M.+Todd+%28ed%29&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Galliou2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patrick_Galliou2009">Patrick <span class="nom_auteur">Galliou</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal">«&nbsp;Ombres et lumières sur la Bretagne antique&nbsp;»</cite>, dans Bernadette Cabouret-Laurioux, Jean-Pierre Guilhembet et Yves Roman (directeurs d'ouvrage), <cite class="italique">Rome et l’Occident&nbsp;: II<sup>e</sup> s. av. J.-C. au II<sup>e</sup> s. apr. J.-C.</cite>, Presses Universitaires du Mirail, <time>2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8107-0052-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8107-0052-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8107-0052-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://pallas.revues.org/1881">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">351-372</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Rome+et+l%E2%80%99Occident+%3A+IIe+s.+av.+J.-C.+au+IIe+s.+apr.+J.-C.&amp;rft.atitle=Ombres+et+lumi%C3%A8res+sur+la+Bretagne+antique&amp;rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+du+Mirail&amp;rft.aulast=Galliou&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.pages=351-372&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8107-0052-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Galliou2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patrick_Galliou2004">Patrick <span class="nom_auteur">Galliou</span>, <cite class="italique">Britannia: histoire et civilisation de la Grande-Bretagne romaine Ier-Ve siècles apr. J.-C</cite>, Éd. Errance, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&nbsp;«&nbsp;Collection des Hespérides&nbsp;», <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-87772-282-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-87772-282-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-87772-282-7</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;7<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Britannia%3A+histoire+et+civilisation+de+la+Grande-Bretagne+romaine+Ier-Ve+si%C3%A8cles+apr.+J.-C&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89d.+Errance&amp;rft.aulast=Galliou&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-87772-282-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span></li> <li>Yann Coz, <i>Rome en Angleterre&nbsp;: l’image de la Rome antique dans l’Angleterre anglo-saxonne du <abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle à 1066</i>, Garnier, 2011.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Richmond1955"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ian_Richmond1955"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ian_Richmond?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ian Richmond">Ian Richmond</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Roman Britain</cite>, Harmondsworth, Penguin books, <time>1955</time>, 240&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Roman+Britain&amp;rft.place=Harmondsworth&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+books&amp;rft.aulast=Richmond&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft.date=1955&amp;rft.tpages=240&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="CollingwoodRichmond1968"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robin_G._CollingwoodIan_Richmond1968"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robin_G._Collingwood?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robin G. Collingwood">Robin G. Collingwood</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ian_Richmond?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ian Richmond">Ian Richmond</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Archaeology of roman britain</cite>, Londres, Methuen &amp; Co Ltd, <time>1968</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+roman+britain&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co+Ltd&amp;rft.aulast=Collingwood&amp;rft.aufirst=Robin+G.&amp;rft.au=Ian+Richmond&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Richmond1938"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ian_Richmond1938"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : italien">(it)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ian_Richmond?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ian Richmond">Ian Richmond</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="it">I Limitos romani nella Britannia</cite>, Rome, Istituto di studi romani, <time>1938</time>, 21&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=I+Limitos+romani+nella+Britannia&amp;rft.place=Rome&amp;rft.pub=Istituto+di+studi+romani&amp;rft.aulast=Richmond&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft.tpages=21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABretagne+%28province+romaine%29"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Cassit%C3%A9rides?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Cassitérides">Îles Cassitérides</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%82ge_du_fer_britannique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Âge du fer britannique">Âge du fer britannique</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Bretagne">Basse-Bretagne</a> (Bretagne celtique, continentale)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nations_bretonnes_de_Bretagne_insulaire_pr%C3%A9romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nations bretonnes de Bretagne insulaire préromaine">Nations bretonnes de Bretagne insulaire préromaine</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaumes_clients_de_Rome_en_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaumes clients de Rome en Bretagne">Royaumes clients de Rome en Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9ditions_de_Jules_C%C3%A9sar_en_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expéditions de Jules César en Bretagne">Expéditions de Jules César en Bretagne</a> (55-54)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_romaine_de_la_Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquête romaine de la Grande-Bretagne">Conquête romaine de la Grande-Bretagne</a> (43-84)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonisation_de_la_Grande-Bretagne_par_les_Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne par les Anglo-Saxons">Colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne par les Anglo-Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Forces_romaines_en_Bretagne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Forces romaines en Bretagne (page inexistante)">Forces romaines en Bretagne</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B6mische_Streitkr%25C3%25A4fte_in_Britannia" class="extiw" title="de:Römische Streitkräfte in Britannia"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Römische Streitkräfte in Britannia&nbsp;»">(de)</span></a></li> <li>Bretagne (province romaine) (43-410) <ul> <li>de 211-220 à 295 environ&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_sup%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne supérieure">Bretagne supérieure</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londinium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londinium">Londinium</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_inf%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne inférieure">Bretagne inférieure</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eboracum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a>/<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="York">York</a>)</li> <li>de 295-297 à 410&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_des_Bretagnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocèse des Bretagnes">Diocèse des Bretagnes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britannia_Prima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britannia Prima">Britannia Prima</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maxime_C%C3%A9sarienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maxime Césarienne">Maxime Césarienne</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londinium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londinium">Londinium</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavie_c%C3%A9sarienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavie césarienne">Flavie césarienne</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lindum_Colonia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lindum Colonia (page inexistante)">Lindum Colonia</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindum_Colonia" class="extiw" title="en:Lindum Colonia"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Lindum Colonia&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a>)</li> <li>de 368-370 à 400-450&nbsp;: ajout de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentia_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valentia (province romaine)">Valentia (province romaine)</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fin_de_la_domination_romaine_en_Grande-Bretagne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fin de la domination romaine en Grande-Bretagne (page inexistante)">Fin de la domination romaine en Grande-Bretagne</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_of_Roman_rule_in_Britain" class="extiw" title="en:End of Roman rule in Britain"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;End of Roman rule in Britain&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a> (383-410)</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Inscriptions_of_Britain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Inscriptions of Britain">Inscriptions romaines en Bretagne</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exploitation_mini%C3%A8re_en_Bretagne_romaine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Exploitation minière en Bretagne romaine (page inexistante)">Exploitation minière en Bretagne romaine</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Roman_Britain" class="extiw" title="en:Mining in Roman Britain"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Mining in Roman Britain&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chiens_dans_la_Bretagne_romaine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chiens dans la Bretagne romaine (page inexistante)">Chiens dans la Bretagne romaine</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs_of_Roman_Britain" class="extiw" title="en:Dogs of Roman Britain"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Dogs of Roman Britain&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notitia_dignitatum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Notitia dignitatum">Notitia dignitatum</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_dioc%C3%A8ses_de_l%27Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des diocèses de l'Empire romain">liste des diocèses de l'Empire romain tardif</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_provinces_romaines?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liste_des_provinces_romaines_sous_le_Bas-Empire" title="Liste des provinces romaines">liste des provinces du Bas-Empire</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_gouverneurs_romains_de_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des gouverneurs romains de Bretagne">Liste des gouverneurs romains de Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%C3%A9fensif_de_l%27Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système défensif de l'Empire romain">Système défensif de l'Empire romain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">mur d'Hadrien</a> (122), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Antonin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Antonin">Mur d'Antonin</a> (144)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A9donie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calédonie">Calédonie</a> (au nord des murs, quasi-synonyme d'Écosse), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cosse_au_temps_de_l%27Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écosse au temps de l'Empire romain">Écosse au temps de l'Empire romain</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pays_de_Galles_%C3%A0_l'%C3%A9poque_romaine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pays de Galles à l'époque romaine (page inexistante)">Pays de Galles à l'époque romaine</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" class="extiw" title="en:Wales in the Roman era"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Wales in the Roman era&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relations_entre_Irlande_(Hibernie)_et_Rome&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Relations entre Irlande (Hibernie) et Rome (page inexistante)">Relations entre Irlande (Hibernie) et Rome</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiberno-Roman_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Hiberno-Roman relations"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Hiberno-Roman relations&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BAathal_Techtmar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Túathal Techtmar">Túathal Techtmar</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classis_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classis Britannica">Classis Britannica</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litus_Saxonicum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litus Saxonicum">Litus Saxonicum</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dux_Britanniarum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dux Britanniarum">Dux Britanniarum</a>, Duc des Bretagnes</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comes_Britanniarum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comes Britanniarum">Comes Britanniarum</a>, Comte des Bretagnes</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam (page inexistante)">Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam" class="extiw" title="de:Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam&nbsp;»">(de)</span></a>, Comte de la côte saxonne en Grande-Bretagne</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_carausienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolte carausienne">Révolte carausienne</a> (286-296)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britto-Romains?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britto-Romains">Britto-Romains</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_noms_latins_des_villes_des_%C3%AEles_Britanniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des noms latins des villes des îles Britanniques">Liste des noms latins des villes des îles Britanniques</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9_tardive?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquité tardive">Antiquité tardive</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne_post-romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne post-romaine">Grande-Bretagne post-romaine</a> (410-449), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonisation_de_la_Grande-Bretagne_par_les_Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne par les Anglo-Saxons">colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne par les Anglo-Saxons</a> (à partir de 409/410)</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chronica_Gallica_of_452&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chronica Gallica of 452 (page inexistante)">Chronica Gallica of 452</a></i>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_excidio_et_conquestu_Britanniae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De excidio et conquestu Britanniae">De excidio et conquestu Britanniae</a></i> (vers 460-510)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heptarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heptarchie">Heptarchie</a> (Royaumes anglo-saxons, 449-927)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback 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data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://isni.org/isni/0000000122483427">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85056728">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4069666-2">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810655095805606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007538415705171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://aut.nkp.cz/ge839531">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Galliou_(Professeur_à_l'université_de_Bretagne_occidentale)2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patrick_Galliou_(Professeur_à_l'université_de_Bretagne_occidentale)2009">Patrick Galliou (Professeur à l'université de Bretagne occidentale), «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.clio.fr/bibliotheque/pdf/pdf_une_province_septentrionale_de_l_empire__la_bretagne_romaine.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Une province septentrionale de l'empire&nbsp;: la Bretagne romaine</cite></a>&nbsp;», <time>2009</time></span></span>.</li> </ul> <p><br></p> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Rome antique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/17px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/17px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="17" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/26px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/34px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Rome antique">Portail de la Rome antique</a></span> • <span class="bandeau-sous-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Rome antique/Empire romain">section <b>Empire romain</b></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Monde_celtique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du monde celtique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg/26px-Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg/26px-Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="26" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg/38px-Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg/51px-Triskele-Symbol-spiral-five-thirds-turns.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Monde_celtique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Monde celtique">Portail du monde celtique</a></span> </span></li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐rjnn6 Cached time: 20241124122033 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false 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and revision id 220227620. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.027 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de «&nbsp;<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBretagne_(province_romaine)%26oldid%3D220227620">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;oldid=220227620</a>&nbsp;». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bretagne_(province_romaine)&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Noel.guillet" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731404854"> <span>Dernière modification le 12 novembre 2024, à 10:47</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(provinsie)" title="Britannia (provinsie)&nbsp;–&nbsp;afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Britannia (provinsie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="بريطانيا الرومانية&nbsp;–&nbsp;arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريطانيا الرومانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%258B%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Рымская Брытанія&nbsp;–&nbsp;biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рымская Брытанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_(%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Британия (римска провинция)&nbsp;–&nbsp;bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Британия (римска провинция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="রোমান ব্রিটেন&nbsp;–&nbsp;bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমান ব্রিটেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provi%25C3%25B1s_Britannia" title="Proviñs Britannia&nbsp;–&nbsp;breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Proviñs Britannia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%25C3%25A0nnia" title="Britànnia&nbsp;–&nbsp;catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Britànnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%25C3%25A1nie_(provincie)" title="Británie (provincie)&nbsp;–&nbsp;tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Británie (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia&nbsp;–&nbsp;gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Britannia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romersk_Britannien" title="Romersk Britannien&nbsp;–&nbsp;danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romersk Britannien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannien_in_r%25C3%25B6mischer_Zeit" title="Britannien in römischer Zeit&nbsp;–&nbsp;allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Britannien in römischer Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A1%25CF%2589%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CF%258A%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%2592%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Ρωμαϊκή Βρετανία&nbsp;–&nbsp;grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωμαϊκή Βρετανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain&nbsp;–&nbsp;anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Roman Britain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia&nbsp;–&nbsp;espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Britannia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_(provincia_romana)" title="Britania (provincia romana)&nbsp;–&nbsp;espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Britania (provincia romana)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(Rooma_provints)" title="Britannia (Rooma provints)&nbsp;–&nbsp;estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Britannia (Rooma provints)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania" title="Britania&nbsp;–&nbsp;basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Britania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7_(%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585)" title="بریتانیا (استان روم)&nbsp;–&nbsp;persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریتانیا (استان روم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(provinssi)" title="Britannia (provinssi)&nbsp;–&nbsp;finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Britannia (provinssi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittanje" title="Brittanje&nbsp;–&nbsp;frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brittanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania" title="Britania&nbsp;–&nbsp;galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Britania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%2594_%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="פרובינקיה בריטניה&nbsp;–&nbsp;hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרובינקיה בריטניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanija_(rimska_provincija)" title="Britanija (rimska provincija)&nbsp;–&nbsp;croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Britanija (rimska provincija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(provincia)" title="Britannia (provincia)&nbsp;–&nbsp;hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Britannia (provincia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25BC%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D4%25B2%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Հռոմեական Բրիտանիա&nbsp;–&nbsp;arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հռոմեական Բրիտանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_Raya_Romawi" title="Britania Raya Romawi&nbsp;–&nbsp;indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Britania Raya Romawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B3mverska_Bretland" title="Rómverska Bretland&nbsp;–&nbsp;islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómverska Bretland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(provincia_romana)" title="Britannia (provincia romana)&nbsp;–&nbsp;italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Britannia (provincia romana)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2596%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25BF%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%258B%25E3%2582%25A2" title="ブリタンニア&nbsp;–&nbsp;japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブリタンニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B8%258C%25EB%25A6%25AC%25ED%2583%2580%25EB%258B%2588%25EC%2595%2584" title="브리타니아&nbsp;–&nbsp;coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브리타니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(provincia_Romana)" title="Britannia (provincia Romana)&nbsp;–&nbsp;latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Britannia (provincia Romana)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanija_(Romos_provincija)" title="Britanija (Romos provincija)&nbsp;–&nbsp;lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Britanija (Romos provincija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%25C4%2581nija_(Romas_imp%25C4%2593rijas_province)" title="Britānija (Romas impērijas province)&nbsp;–&nbsp;letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Britānija (Romas impērijas province)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="रोमन ब्रिटानिया&nbsp;–&nbsp;marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोमन ब्रिटानिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britain_Rom" title="Britain Rom&nbsp;–&nbsp;malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Britain Rom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(Romeinse_provincie)" title="Britannia (Romeinse provincie)&nbsp;–&nbsp;néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Britannia (Romeinse provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romersk_Britannia" title="Romersk Britannia&nbsp;–&nbsp;norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romersk Britannia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romersk_Britannia" title="Romersk Britannia&nbsp;–&nbsp;norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romersk Britannia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%25C3%25A0nia_romana" title="Britània romana&nbsp;–&nbsp;occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Britània romana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brytania" title="Brytania&nbsp;–&nbsp;polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brytania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D9%258A_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="رومي برتانیا&nbsp;–&nbsp;pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رومي برتانیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%25C3%25A2nia_(prov%25C3%25ADncia_romana)" title="Britânia (província romana)&nbsp;–&nbsp;portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Britânia (província romana)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_roman%25C4%2583" title="Anglia romană&nbsp;–&nbsp;roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anglia romană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_(%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F)" title="Британия (римская провинция)&nbsp;–&nbsp;russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британия (римская провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanija_(rimska_provincija)" title="Britanija (rimska provincija)&nbsp;–&nbsp;serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Britanija (rimska provincija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain&nbsp;–&nbsp;Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roman Britain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%25C3%25A1nia_(provincia)" title="Británia (provincia)&nbsp;–&nbsp;slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Británia (provincia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_Britanija" title="Rimska Britanija&nbsp;–&nbsp;slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimska Britanija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_(%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0)" title="Британија (провинција)&nbsp;–&nbsp;serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Британија (провинција)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia&nbsp;–&nbsp;suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Britannia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599" title="บริเตนสมัยโรมัน&nbsp;–&nbsp;thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บริเตนสมัยโรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Britanyas%25C4%25B1" title="Roma Britanyası&nbsp;–&nbsp;turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roma Britanyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D1%258F_(%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F)" title="Британія (провінція)&nbsp;–&nbsp;ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британія (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25DB%2581" title="رومی برطانیہ&nbsp;–&nbsp;ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رومی برطانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anh_thu%25E1%25BB%2599c_La_M%25C3%25A3" title="Anh thuộc La Mã&nbsp;–&nbsp;vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anh thuộc La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%258D%25E5%2588%2597%25E9%25A2%25A0%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E4%25BA%259A%25EF%25BC%2588%25E7%25BD%2597%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E8%25A1%258C%25E7%259C%2581%25EF%25BC%2589" title="不列颠尼亚(罗马行省)&nbsp;–&nbsp;wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="不列颠尼亚(罗马行省)" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%258D%25E5%2588%2597%25E9%25A1%259B%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E4%25BA%259E_(%25E7%25BE%2585%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E8%25A1%258C%25E7%259C%2581)" title="不列顛尼亞 (羅馬行省)&nbsp;–&nbsp;chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="不列顛尼亞 (羅馬行省)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_(s%25C3%25A9ng)" title="Britannia (séng)&nbsp;–&nbsp;minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Britannia (séng)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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