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Émigration bretonne en Armorique — Wikipédia

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utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Émigration bretonne en Armorique</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> migration de peuples entre la province romaine de Bretagne et l'Armorique </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector disabled"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>L’<b>émigration bretonne vers l'Armorique</b> désigne un processus ayant lieu principalement entre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&nbsp;siècles de notre ère, par lequel des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretons_insulaires?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretons insulaires">Bretons</a> de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne (province romaine)">province romaine de Bretagne</a> (territoires actuels de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">l'Angleterre</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_Galles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Galles">Pays de Galles</a>) <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Migration_humaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Migration humaine">migrent</a> vers l’ouest de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armorique</a>, qui sera par la suite nommée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a>. L’ampleur, les détails, les motifs et les moments exacts de cette migration sont mal connus, et donc, l'objet de discussions<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"> <figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Sources_%C3%A0_lier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/45px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/68px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/90px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Certaines informations figurant dans cet article ou cette section devraient être mieux reliées aux sources mentionnées dans les sections «&nbsp;Bibliographie&nbsp;», «&nbsp;Sources&nbsp;» ou «&nbsp;Liens externes&nbsp;»</strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-09" data-sort-value="2010-09">septembre 2010</time>).</small></p> <p>Vous pouvez améliorer la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V%C3%A9rifiabilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Vérifiabilité">vérifiabilité</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Sources_%C3%A0_lier/Explication?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modèle:Sources à lier/Explication">associant ces informations à des références</a> à l'aide d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Note?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Note">appels de notes</a>.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Britonia6hcentury.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Britonia6hcentury.png/220px-Britonia6hcentury.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Britonia6hcentury.png/330px-Britonia6hcentury.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Britonia6hcentury.png/440px-Britonia6hcentury.png 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="2928"></a> <figcaption> Flux migratoire des Bretons au <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, bien qu'aucune source ne justifie d'un apport notable en Galice. </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Deux_vagues_d%E2%80%99%C3%A9migration"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Deux vagues d’émigration</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Premi%C3%A8re_vague_migratoire_au_IIIe_et_IVe_si%C3%A8cles"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Première vague migratoire au <span>III</span><sup>e</sup> et <span>IV</span><sup>e</sup>&nbsp;siècles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Deuxi%C3%A8me_vague_migratoire_(%C3%A0_partir_du_Ve_si%C3%A8cle)"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Deuxième vague migratoire (à partir du <span>V</span><sup>e</sup>&nbsp;siècle)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Discussions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Discussions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cons%C3%A9quences"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Conséquences</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politique"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Politique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religieuse"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Religieuse</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9mographique"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Démographique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Linguistique"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Linguistique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#S%C3%A9mantique"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Sémantique</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Deux_vagues_d’émigration"><span id="Deux_vagues_d.E2.80.99.C3.A9migration"></span>Deux vagues d’émigration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Deux vagues d’émigration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Merdrignac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Merdrignac">Bernard Merdrignac</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> distingue deux vagues d’émigration de la Grande-Bretagne vers l'Armorique&nbsp;: une première vague militaire, qui atteint son sommet à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle&nbsp;; et une seconde vague, après le baptême de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clovis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clovis">Clovis</a>, qui semble avoir été menée par les hauts dignitaires ecclésiastiques de Grande-Bretagne à partir du <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle.</p> <p>Cette première vague précoce est remise en doute<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Première_vague_migratoire_au_IIIe_et_IVe_siècles"><span id="Premi.C3.A8re_vague_migratoire_au_IIIe_et_IVe_si.C3.A8cles"></span>Première vague migratoire au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Première vague migratoire au IIIe et IVe&nbsp;siècles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Litus_Saxonicum.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/220px-Litus_Saxonicum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/220px-Litus_Saxonicum.png" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/330px-Litus_Saxonicum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/440px-Litus_Saxonicum.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Les fortifications (Alet, Saint-Brieuc, Le Yaudet, Brest, Vannes, Nantes) incluses dans le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tractus_Armoricanus_et_Nervicanus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tractus Armoricanus et Nervicanus">Tractus Armoricanus</a></i>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les deux rives de la Manche sont en contact depuis toujours grâce aux liens commerciaux entre l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">île de Bretagne</a> et le continent. La réorganisation du système de défense côtière (le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tractus_Armoricanus_et_Nervicanus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tractus Armoricanus et Nervicanus">Tractus Armoricanus</a></i> composé de 4&nbsp;000 soldats en garnison) par l'administration du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bas-Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bas-Empire romain">Bas-Empire romain</a> à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle a pour première cause la nécessité de coordonner la lutte contre les pirates <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scots_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scots (peuple)">scots</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frisons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frisons">frisons</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxons">saxons</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans le cadre de cette administration militaire qui place sous un commandement unique tout le secteur côtier, la migration bretonne<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> vers le continent a un caractère essentiellement militaire, correspondant peut-être à l'appel à des contingents bretons insulaires pour renforcer les troupes stationnées en Armorique (garnisons côtières s'opposant aux raids de pirates germanique)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><span class="citation">«&nbsp;De plus, les raids irlandais, suivis d'occupation sur la côte ouest de l'île de Bretagne, nombreux dès le <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, ont entraîné des mouvements de population vers la zone de refuge normale qu'étaient le nord et l'ouest de l'Armorique<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;»</span></p> <p>L'immigration bretonne en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domnonée">Domnonée Armoricaine</a> emprunte des routes maritimes qui atteignent principalement la côte nord de la péninsule armoricaine et se prolongent dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argoat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argoat">Argoat</a> par des routes terrestres et fluviales<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Deuxième_vague_migratoire_(à_partir_du_Ve_siècle)"><span id="Deuxi.C3.A8me_vague_migratoire_.28.C3.A0_partir_du_Ve_si.C3.A8cle.29"></span>Deuxième vague migratoire (à partir du <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Deuxième vague migratoire (à partir du Ve&nbsp;siècle)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg/220px-Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="550"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg/220px-Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg/330px-Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg/440px-Communes_of_France_beginning_with_Plo-.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La question de la prise en main de l'organisation civile et religieuse de l'Armorique par les immigrants venus d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outre-Manche?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Outre-Manche">outre-Manche</a>, peut être étudiée à partir de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toponymie_bretonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toponymie bretonne">hagiotoponymie bretonne</a> qui constitue une originalité en faisant précéder le nom du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_patron?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint patron">patron du village</a> (souvent un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagiographie_bretonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagiographie bretonne">"saint" celtique</a>) non pas de l'adjectif Saint, mais des éléments <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plou-?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plou-"><i>Plo-/Plou-</i></a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paroisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paroisse">paroisse</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A8ve?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trève"><i>Tre-</i></a> (lieu habité) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lan_(breton)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lan (breton)"><i>Lan-</i></a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ermitage_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ermitage (religion)">ermitage</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oratoire_(%C3%A9difice_religieux)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oratoire (édifice religieux)">oratoire</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Britain_500_CE.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Britain_500_CE.png/330px-Britain_500_CE.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="829"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 238px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Britain_500_CE.png/330px-Britain_500_CE.png" data-width="330" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Britain_500_CE.png/495px-Britain_500_CE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Britain_500_CE.png/660px-Britain_500_CE.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_insulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretagne insulaire">Bretagne insulaire</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique_au_haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique au haut Moyen Âge">Armorique au haut Moyen Âge</a>, autour des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_500?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 500">années 500</a>. L'île de Bretagne est émiettée en petits royaumes pictes, celtiques ou anglo-saxons dont les peuples et les noms se retrouvent parfois aussi en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Irlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de l'Irlande">Irlande</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armorique</a> et en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanie">Germanie</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg/220px-Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="1406"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg/220px-Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg/330px-Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg/440px-Craggaunowen_-_St.Brendans_Boot_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Réplique de currach de l'abbé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Brendan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Brendan">saint Brendan</a>, construite par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_Severin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim Severin">Tim Severin</a> en 1976<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Après le retrait de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain">Empire romain</a> et de ses armées de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">Bretagne insulaire</a> durant la première décennie du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>, le mouvement migratoire breton s'intensifie, notamment à cause de la poussée des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pictes">Pictes</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A9donie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calédonie">Calédonie</a> (actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écosse">Écosse</a>), des scots d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlande_(%C3%AEle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlande (île)">Irlande</a>, ainsi que des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jutes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jutes">Jutes</a>, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angles_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angles (peuple)">Angles</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> de l'actuel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danemark?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danemark">Danemark</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanie">Germanie</a>, qui ont abordé dès 442 l'île de Bretagne. Pour combler ce vide militaire, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civitas">civitates</a> armoricaines concluent des traités avec leurs voisins d'outre-Manche pour faire venir des tribus bretonnes menées par leurs chefs traditionnels. Ces colons mi-paysans, mi-soldats, venus du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_Galles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Galles">Pays de Galles</a> (le groupe de saints le plus important partant de cette région, souvent après avoir été formés dans des écoles monastiques telles que celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llantwit_Major?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llantwit Major">Llannilltud Fawr</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornouailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornouailles">Cornouaille</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domnonée">Domnonée insulaire</a> au sud de la Grande-Bretagne, vont contribuer à répandre des cultes et des influences extérieurs. La seconde vague d'émigration est non seulement organisée mais aussi encouragée par l'Église. Les migrants bretons sont en effet accompagnés et encadrés par de hauts dignitaires du clergé breton (les «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saints_bretons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints bretons">saints bretons</a>&nbsp;», notamment les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sept_saints_fondateurs_de_la_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sept saints fondateurs de la Bretagne">sept saints fondateurs</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le clergé est issu <span class="citation">«&nbsp;des classes supérieures de la société, car l’agencement du monde terrestre, reflet de l’ordre céleste, impose aux puissants —&nbsp;saints, évêques, abbés&nbsp;— la direction des êtres de condition inférieure, les <i>pauperes</i> qui leur sont soumis par la volonté du Très-Haut&nbsp;: la «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vita">Vie de saint</a>&nbsp;» sacralise cet ordre social, conçu comme un ordre providentiel et immuable<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;»</span>. Certains indices confirment que ceux-ci appartiennent à l'aristocratie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britto-romains?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Britto-romains">britto-romaine</a>&nbsp;: les noms latins <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noms_romains?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Noms romains">gentilices</a>, comme <i>Paulus Aurelianus</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Aur%C3%A9lien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Aurélien">saint Paul Aurélien</a>, ne sont pas rares.</p> <p>Les nouveaux alliés politiques, les rois francs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clovis_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clovis Ier">Clovis</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Childebert_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Childebert Ier">Childebert <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, favorisent cette deuxième vague. À la suite d'un hypothétique traité conclu en 497, entre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francs">Francs</a> et les cités armoricaines, ces dernières semblent reconnaître la suprématie franque, sans toutefois payer de tribut. Les Britto-Romains récemment convertis au christianisme font une sorte d'alliance avec les Francs, pacifique jusqu'en 558<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Des récits racontent le débarquement dans ce que la tradition populaire nomme des «&nbsp;auges en pierre&nbsp;» (saint Malo, saint Brieuc, voir aussi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bateau_de_pierre_de_saint_Conogan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bateau de pierre de saint Conogan">auge de saint Conogan</a>)&nbsp;: il s'agit en fait d'esquifs encore utilisés de nos jours en Irlande, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coracle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coracle">coracles</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Currach?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Currach">currachs</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Dol-de-Bretagne_(35)_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Maîtresse vitre du XIIIe&nbsp;siècle au chevet de la cathédrale de Dol représentant la traversée de la Manche de saint Samson[Note 5]."> <noscript> <img alt="Maîtresse vitre du XIIIe&nbsp;siècle au chevet de la cathédrale de Dol représentant la traversée de la Manche de saint Samson[Note 5]." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg/120px-Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="507"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg/120px-Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg" data-alt="Maîtresse vitre du XIIIe&nbsp;siècle au chevet de la cathédrale de Dol représentant la traversée de la Manche de saint Samson[Note 5]." data-width="120" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg/180px-Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg/240px-Dol-de-Bretagne_%2835%29_Cath%C3%A9drale_Ma%C3%AEtresse-vitre_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Maîtresse vitre du <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle au chevet de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Dol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathédrale de Dol">cathédrale de Dol</a> représentant la traversée de la Manche de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samson_de_Dol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samson de Dol">saint Samson</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Dessin reproduisant un panneau du pilier de Kilnaruane&nbsp;(en), qui montre le curragh de Saint Brendan avec quatre rameurs."> <noscript> <img alt="Dessin reproduisant un panneau du pilier de Kilnaruane&nbsp;(en), qui montre le curragh de Saint Brendan avec quatre rameurs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg/120px-Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2395" data-file-height="649"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg/120px-Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg.png" data-alt="Dessin reproduisant un panneau du pilier de Kilnaruane&nbsp;(en), qui montre le curragh de Saint Brendan avec quatre rameurs." data-width="120" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg/180px-Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg/240px-Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone_SE3_Drawing.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Dessin reproduisant un panneau du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pilier_de_Kilnaruane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pilier de Kilnaruane (page inexistante)">pilier de Kilnaruane</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilnaruane_Pillar_Stone" class="extiw" title="en:Kilnaruane Pillar Stone"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Kilnaruane Pillar Stone&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a>, qui montre le curragh de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Brendan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Brendan">Saint Brendan</a> avec quatre rameurs. </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Discussions">Discussions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Discussions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Les raisons du peuplement de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armorique</a> par les Bretons sont mal connues mais s'inscrivent, selon Bernard Merdrignac<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> dans la dynamique des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invasions_barbares?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invasions barbares">grandes migrations</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9_tardive?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquité tardive">antiquité tardive</a>, elles-mêmes favorisées par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Changement_climatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Changement climatique">changements climatiques</a> de l'époque&nbsp;: voir l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la Bretagne">histoire de la Bretagne</a>.</p> <p>Parmi ces hypothèses, les plus courantes évoquent la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonisation_de_la_Grande-Bretagne_par_les_Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne par les Anglo-Saxons">colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne par les Anglo-Saxons</a> ainsi que la pressions des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scots_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scots (peuple)">Scots</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pictes">Pictes</a>, qui aurait poussé les seigneurs bretons insulaires et leurs clans, puis des ecclésiastiques et leurs paroissiens, à se regrouper d'abord vers les confins de leur grande île (les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornouailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornouailles">Cornouailles</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_Galles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Galles">Pays de Galles</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cosse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Écosse">Écosse</a>), puis à prendre la mer pour se réfugier sur le continent, notamment dans la presqu'île armoricaine, qui, de toute la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule romaine">Gaule romaine</a>, était la région où la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_celtiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays celtiques">culture celtique</a>, sinon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaulois_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaulois (langue)">la langue</a>, s'était le mieux conservée<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>D'autres hypothèses mettent en avant les liens ayant de tout temps existé entre les deux contrées et, plutôt que des vagues de migration dans l'Antiquité tardive et au début du Moyen Âge, elles évoquent un exode continu, durant de nombreux siècles, et certaines envisagent même que les Bretons actuels descendraient moins des immigrants venus de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">Grande-Bretagne</a> que de clans celtes autochtones (issus des tribus armoricaines telles que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osismes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osismes">Osismes</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A8tes_(Gaule)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vénètes (Gaule)">Vénètes</a>) qui n'auraient été <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_gallo-romanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues gallo-romanes">romanisés que linguistiquement</a><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide.">[réf.&nbsp;nécessaire]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le médiéviste Ben Guy, dans un article de 2014, défend l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'émigration bretonne dans l'ouest de l'Armorique s'est étalée de la première moitié du Ve siècle à la fin du VIIe siècle, et que ce phénomène a concerné principalement les populations rurales de la cité des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durotriges?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durotriges">Durotriges</a>, poussées à l'exil par l’effondrement de l'économie romaine et par l'avancée des Saxons de l'Ouest<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Quelle qu'en soit la cause, le mouvement d'immigration fut facilité par la proximité culturelle des bretons insulaires avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peuples_gaulois?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peuples gaulois">peuples gaulois</a> plus ou moins romanisés, même si des conflits pour le pouvoir et les terres ont éclaté avec les autochtones, ou encore avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francs">Francs</a> investis du pouvoir impérial depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clovis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clovis">Clovis</a>. Ce mouvement fut suffisamment important pour que dès le début du haut Moyen-Âge, cette partie de l'Armorique soit connue sous le nom de <i>Britannia</i>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Conséquences"><span id="Cons.C3.A9quences"></span>Conséquences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Conséquences" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Politique">Politique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Politique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique_au_Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorique au Haut Moyen Âge">Armorique au Haut Moyen Âge</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la Bretagne">Histoire de la Bretagne</a>. </div> </div> <p>L’installation des Bretons en Armorique entraîna la création de nouvelles entités territoriales plus ou moins légendaires (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bro%C3%ABrec?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Broërec">Broërec</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Cornouaille?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Cornouaille">Cornouaille</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_L%C3%A9on?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Léon">Léon</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poher?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poher">Poher</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porho%C3%ABt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porhoët">Porhoët</a>, etc.), se substituant aux trois anciennes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civitas"><i>civitates</i></a> gallo-romaines (Vénètes, Osismes, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coriosolites?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coriosolites">Coriosolites</a>). Les rapports de suzeraineté entre ces potentats et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Soissons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Soissons">Domaine gallo-romain</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syagrius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syagrius">Syagrius</a> puis le royaume des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francs">Francs</a> sont mal connus, tout comme leur histoire. Il est possible qu'un proto-royaume breton ait émergé au cours du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a> sous l'impulsion de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judica%C3%ABl_(saint)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judicaël (saint)">Judicaël</a>. Les territoires bretons seront réunis au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nomino%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nominoë">Nominoë</a>, au sein du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume de Bretagne">royaume</a> puis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duché de Bretagne">Duché de Bretagne</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religieuse">Religieuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Religieuse" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8ses_de_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocèses de Bretagne">Diocèses de Bretagne</a>. </div> </div> <p>Au début de la migration au <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, l'implantation du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisme">christianisme</a> venait tout juste de commencer au nord-ouest de la péninsule alors qu'à l'est et au sud-est, l'évangélisation avait débuté dès le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>, comme à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>.</p> <p>Les moines bretons, marqués par le monachisme irlandais et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A8gle_de_saint_Colomban?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Règle de saint Colomban">Règle de saint Colomban</a>, vont alors donner un souffle nouveau à l'expansion de la religion chrétienne. Ces derniers commencent souvent par mener une vie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ermite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ermite">érémitique</a> en un lieu désert ou une île. Puis, au bout de plusieurs années de pénitence, de prière et de réflexion, certains décident d'encadrer des immigrants et les populations indigènes en créant des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paroisse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paroisse">paroisses</a> alors que d'autres fondent des monastères.</p> <p>À cette époque, les diocèses n'existent pas encore dans cette partie de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armorique</a>. Il semble qu'on confère des pouvoirs épiscopaux à certains abbés, reconnus pour leurs qualités personnelles. C'est ainsi que certains monastères deviennent plus tard des sièges d'évêchés&nbsp;: c'est le cas à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Pol-de-L%C3%A9on?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Pol-de-Léon">Saint-Pol-de-Léon</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A9guier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tréguier">Tréguier</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Brieuc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Malo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dol-de-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dol-de-Bretagne">Dol-de-Bretagne</a>.</p> <p>Dès lors, la nouvelle organisation du territoire qui se met en place, due notamment à l'intervention de ce clergé, marque encore aujourd'hui la toponymie bretonne, notamment dans les noms commençant par les préfixes&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li><i>Plou-</i>, <i>Plo-</i>, <i>Ploe-</i>, <i>Plé-</i>, <i>Pleu-</i> ou <i>Plu-</i> qui désignent une «&nbsp;paroisse&nbsp;».</li> <li><i>Gwik-</i> qui désigne le bourg de la paroisse.</li> </ul> <p>Le nom du moine fondateur suit souvent ces préfixes&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ploumilliau?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ploumilliau">Ploumilliau</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guimiliau?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guimiliau">Guimiliau</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Démographique"><span id="D.C3.A9mographique"></span>Démographique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Démographique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Même s'il est difficile de quantifier ces mouvements de population, certains historiens avancent le nombre de 30 à 50&nbsp;000&nbsp;personnes sur une population initiale de 100&nbsp;000&nbsp;habitants. Les sources britanniques, notamment Nora Kershaw Chadwick, avancent des nombres jusqu'à dix fois supérieurs. Ces réfugiés émigraient généralement par familles ou par clans entiers («&nbsp;Tud&nbsp;» ou «&nbsp;Kenedl&nbsp;», chaque clan étant gouverné par un «&nbsp;Mac’htiern&nbsp;») et débarquaient en Armorique sous la conduite de leurs chefs religieux et civils. Ces familles demeuraient entre elles et tendaient à se regrouper selon leurs lieux d'origine, principalement dans des contrées restées inhabitées ou ayant été abandonnées.</p> <p>Ainsi, le nord de la péninsule (notamment le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A9gor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trégor">Trégor</a>) a été massivement peuplé par des gens originaires de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> (actuels <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devon_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devon (comté)">Devon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somerset?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>) au point de lui transmettre son nom. Il en va de même de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornouaille?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornouaille">Cornouaille</a>, massivement peuplée par les Bretons des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornouailles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornouailles">Cornouailles</a> britanniques tandis que les immigrants originaires de l'actuel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_Galles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Galles">Pays de Galles</a>, ont plutôt peuplé le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_L%C3%A9on?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de Léon">Pays de Léon</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vannetais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vannetais">Vannetais</a>, l'influence des Vannetais, autant sur le plan linguistique que politique, s'étendant jusqu'au Pays nantais.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Linguistique">Linguistique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Linguistique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'arrivée des Bretons se traduisit par une «&nbsp;receltisation&nbsp;» linguistique de la péninsule où le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaulois_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaulois (langue)">gaulois</a> avait quasiment disparu par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">latinisation</a>. Si toutefois le gaulois était encore parlé en Armorique à ce moment, c'était une variante proche des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langue_brittonique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue brittonique">langues brittoniques</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> parlées par les migrants <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornique">corniques</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallois?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallois">gallois</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambrien_(langue_celtique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambrien (langue celtique)">cambriens</a>, d'où l'hypothèse des échanges continus à travers la Manche.</p> <p>Un exemple de discussions linguistiques concerne le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vannetais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vannetais">Vannetais</a>&nbsp;: selon l'hypothèse de la continuité autochtone, la population celte locale a dû rester suffisamment conséquente pour donner au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breton_vannetais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breton vannetais">breton vannetais</a> un caractère différent des trois autres dialectes (dits «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KLT?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KLT">KLT</a>&nbsp;») de Cornouaille (le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breton_cornouaillais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breton cornouaillais">cornouaillais</a>), du Léon (le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breton_l%C3%A9onard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breton léonard">léonard</a>) et du Trégor (le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breton_tr%C3%A9gorrois?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breton trégorrois">trégorrois</a>), plus proches du brittonique. D'après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Falc%27hun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Falc'hun">François Falc'hun</a>, le vannetais serait ainsi un dialecte plus archaïque, plus proche du gaulois&nbsp;: les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A8tes_(Gaule)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vénètes (Gaule)">Vénètes</a>, qui habitaient la région, dont la puissance et l'influence était reconnue jusque sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules César">Jules César</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commentaires_sur_la_Guerre_des_Gaules?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commentaires sur la Guerre des Gaules">Commentaires sur la Guerre des Gaules</a></i>, III, 8.) ayant davantage imprimé leur trace sur la péninsule que les autres peuples gaulois d'Armorique, réputés moins nombreux. Mais selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Fleuriot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Fleuriot">Léon Fleuriot</a>, le particularisme vannetais s'explique plutôt par l'influence du gallo-roman, qui s'était peu à peu imposé dans une région fortement romanisée<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette hypothèse est reprise par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erwan_Vallerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erwan Vallerie">Erwan Valérie</a>, qui voit dans les dialectes du Vannetais, de Haute Cornouaille orientale et du Goëlo la survivance d'un dialecte oriental, c'est-à-dire d'une forme de breton dialectal fortement influencée par un adstrat roman<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Quoi qu'il en soit, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langue_bretonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue bretonne">langue bretonne</a> apparaît dès cette période et c'est clairement une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langue_brittonique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue brittonique">langue brittonique</a>. Toutefois, le clergé, les rois et les princes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britto-romains?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Britto-romains">britto-romains</a> gardèrent la langue <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">latine</a> pour la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liturgie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liturgie">liturgie</a> et l'administration.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sémantique"><span id="S.C3.A9mantique"></span>Sémantique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sémantique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La terre des Bretons était à l'origine l'île de Bretagne, en latin <i>Britannia</i> (avec un seul <i>t</i>), mais il se produisit par la suite un glissement sémantique dans la langue continentale, qui aboutit au report de ce nom de «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a>&nbsp;» sur la Gaule armoricaine, puisqu'elle était peuplée de Bretons.</p> <p>Pour éviter la confusion engendrée par ce transfert, on se mit à parler sur le continent de <i>Bretagne insulaire</i>, ou <i>Grande Bretagne</i> pour l’île d’origine, et de <i>Petite Bretagne</i> ou de <i>Bretagne Armorique</i>, cette dernière appellation ayant eu pour conséquence fâcheuse de provoquer la confusion désormais ancrée dans les esprits et les écrits entre la Bretagne et l'Armorique.</p> <p>En anglais moderne, le terme <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Britain</span></i> s'emploie aussi fréquemment que <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Great Britain</span></i> pour désigner l'île britannique, alors que la Bretagne armoricaine, autrefois dénommée «&nbsp;<i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Lesser Britain</span></i>&nbsp;» , littéralement «&nbsp;Moindre Bretagne&nbsp;», calque du <i>Britannia Minor</i> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">latin</a>) est aujourd'hui appelée <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Brittany</span></i>. En effet, le terme anglais <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Brittany</span></i> (issu du latin <i>Britannia</i>, croisé avec <i>Britto</i> hypocoristique familier de <i>Britannus</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, d'où <i>Brit<b>t</b>anus</i> "breton", d'où <i>Brit<b>t</b>a(n)ia</i>. Cf. aussi <i><span class="page_h"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Germania">Germania</a></span></i> &gt; <span class="page_h"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Germany">Germany</a></span>) n'a plus signifié que la Bretagne armoricaine tandis que l'anglais empruntait le terme d'ancien français <i>Bretaigne</i> (&gt; Bretagne, issu également du latin <i>Brittan(n)ia</i>, d'où maintien du /t/ intervocalique), attesté au <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moyen_anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moyen anglais">moyen anglais</a> sous la forme <i>Bretayne</i>, puis <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Britain</span></i><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> pour désigner la Grande-Bretagne.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">«&nbsp;Là en effet…, les Bretons, superficiellement romanisés dans leur masse, ont conservé vivantes des traditions guerrières qui font maintenant cruellement défaut partout ailleurs dans un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pax_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pax Romana">Occident gaulois démilitarisé</a> en pratique depuis sa conquête par les légions de César<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;»</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Une autre expérience d'archéonavigation visant à reconstituer un canot médiéval en cuir tel que ceux utilisés durant le haut Moyen Âge en Irlande, au Pays de Galles et en Bretagne, a pour résultat le Saint-Efflam construit par l'architecte naval François Vivier en 1997<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Les saints bretons sont donc les membres du clergé monastique ou semi-monastique venus encadrer spirituellement leurs compatriotes émigrés. D'autres facteurs ont pu motiver cette migration&nbsp;: épidémies, incursions des Irlandais, goût de la mortification ou des voyages<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>…</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Deux types de coques étaient en usage au temps des migrations bretonnes. Des navires solidement <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coque_(bateau)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coque (bateau)">bordés</a>, et des embarcations légères faites de peaux tendues sur une armature de lattes, étaient lestées de grosses pierres afin de tenir la mer. Certaines de ces pierres étaient spécialement creusées pour y emboîter les mâts des voiles, d'où la ressemblance avec des auges. La spéculation rationaliste qui interprète cette auge comme une pierre de lest n'est guère convaincante car les gens de l'époque connaissaient bien ce genre de procédé. Une autre confusion possible vient du fait que la peau recouvrant ces embarcations était colmatée avec une sorte de ciment végétal afin de colmater ouvertures ou déchirures, donnant l'illusion de la pierre lorsque ce ciment est séché. Enfin, l'hypothèse d'une acclimatation tardive en Bretagne du motif de la «&nbsp;barque de pierre&nbsp;» sous l'influence du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A8lerinage_de_Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historique" title="Pèlerinage de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle">légendaire de Compostelle</a>, n'est pas exclue<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le diable fait démâter le navire (une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caraque?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caraque">nef</a> anachronique) pour empêcher l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vang%C3%A9lisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangélisation">évangélisation</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armorique">Armorique</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Merdrignac1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Merdrignac1998">Catherine Laurent, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Merdrignac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Merdrignac">Bernard Merdrignac</a>, Daniel Pichot, André Chédeville, <cite class="italique">Mondes de l'Ouest et villes du monde</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_Rennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de Rennes">Presses universitaires de Rennes</a>, <time>1998</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;22<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mondes+de+l%27Ouest+et+villes+du+monde&amp;rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Rennes&amp;rft.aulast=Merdrignac&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.pages=22&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Merdrignac1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Merdrignac1998">Catherine Laurent, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Merdrignac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Merdrignac">Bernard Merdrignac</a>, Daniel Pichot, André Chédeville, <cite class="italique">Mondes de l'Ouest et villes du monde</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_Rennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de Rennes">Presses universitaires de Rennes</a>, <time>1998</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mondes+de+l%27Ouest+et+villes+du+monde&amp;rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Rennes&amp;rft.aulast=Merdrignac&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gendry2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mickaël_Gendry2016">Mickaël Gendry, <cite class="italique">De l’Armorique à la Bretagne. Les Bretons et l’Armorique au haut Moyen Âge</cite>, Éditions 7 Écrit, <time>2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;17-18 et 49-57<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=De+l%E2%80%99Armorique+%C3%A0+la+Bretagne.+Les+Bretons+et+l%E2%80%99Armorique+au+haut+Moyen+%C3%82ge&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+7+%C3%89crit&amp;rft.aulast=Gendry&amp;rft.aufirst=Micka%C3%ABl&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.pages=17-18+et+49-57&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cassard1998"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Christophe_Cassard1998"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Cassard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Christophe Cassard">Jean-Christophe Cassard</a>, <cite class="italique">Les Bretons et la mer au Moyen Âge</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_Rennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de Rennes">Presses universitaires de Rennes</a>, <time>1998</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;31<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+Bretons+et+la+mer+au+Moyen+%C3%82ge&amp;rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Rennes&amp;rft.aulast=Cassard&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Christophe&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.pages=31&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cassard, <abbr class="abbr nowrap italique" title="opere citato (« dans l'ouvrage cité »)">op. cit.</abbr>, p.31</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Merdrignac1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Merdrignac1985"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Merdrignac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Merdrignac">Bernard Merdrignac</a>, <cite class="italique">Recherches sur l'hagiographie armoricaine du VIIème au XVème siècle</cite>, Centre régional archéologique d'Alet, <time>1985</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;32<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+l%27hagiographie+armoricaine+du+VII%C3%A8me+au+XV%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.pub=Centre+r%C3%A9gional+arch%C3%A9ologique+d%27Alet&amp;rft.aulast=Merdrignac&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.pages=32&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chédeville,_Hubert_Guillotel1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Chédeville,_Hubert_Guillotel1984">André Chédeville, Hubert Guillotel, <cite class="italique">La Bretagne des saints et des rois, <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</cite>, Ouest France, <time>1984</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">19-24</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Bretagne+des+saints+et+des+rois%2C+Ve%E2%80%89%E2%80%93%E2%80%89Xe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.pub=Ouest+France&amp;rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Ch%C3%A9deville%2C+Hubert+Guillotel&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.pages=19-24&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cassard2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Christophe_Cassard2003"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Cassard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Christophe Cassard">Jean-Christophe Cassard</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Monnier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Jacques Monnier">Jean-Jacques Monnier</a>, <cite class="italique">Toute l'histoire de Bretagne. Des origines à la fin du XXe siècle</cite>, Skol Vreizh, <time>2003</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;100<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Toute+l%27histoire+de+Bretagne.+Des+origines+%C3%A0+la+fin+du+XXe+si%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.pub=Skol+Vreizh&amp;rft.aulast=Cassard&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Christophe&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pages=100&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fleuriot1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Fleuriot1980"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Fleuriot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Fleuriot">Léon Fleuriot</a>, <cite class="italique">Les origines de la Bretagne. L'émigration</cite>, Payot, <time>1980</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">17-18</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+origines+de+la+Bretagne.+L%27%C3%A9migration&amp;rft.pub=Payot&amp;rft.aulast=Fleuriot&amp;rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.pages=17-18&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Loth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Loth">Joseph Loth</a>, <i>L'émigration bretonne en Armorique du Ve au VIIe siècle de notre ère</i>, E. Baraise et cie, 1883&nbsp;; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Largilli%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Largillière">René Largillière</a>, <i>Les saints et l'organisation chrétienne primitive de l'Armorique bretonne</i>, Plihon et Hommay, 1925</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://baz.bzh/sant-efflam/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le Sant Efflam est le plus grand navire de l'association Bag Ar Zent</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">baz.bzh</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-10-03" data-sort-value="2022-10-03">3 octobre 2022</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Giot,_Philippe_Guigon,_Bernard_Merdrignac2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre-Roland_Giot,_Philippe_Guigon,_Bernard_Merdrignac2003">Pierre-Roland Giot, Philippe Guigon, Bernard Merdrignac, <cite class="italique">Les premiers Bretons d'Armorique</cite>, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, <time>2003</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;11<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+premiers+Bretons+d%27Armorique&amp;rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+de+Rennes&amp;rft.au=Pierre-Roland+Giot%2C+Philippe+Guigon%2C+Bernard+Merdrignac&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cornette2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joël_Cornette2005"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Cornette?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joël Cornette">Joël Cornette</a>, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Bretagne et des Bretons</cite>, Le Seuil, <time>2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">103-145</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Bretagne+et+des+Bretons&amp;rft.pub=Le+Seuil&amp;rft.aulast=Cornette&amp;rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%ABl&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pages=103-145&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Joël Cornette, <abbr class="abbr nowrap italique" title="opere citato (« dans l'ouvrage cité »)">op. cit.</abbr>, p.121</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yves-M._Kerboul1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Yves-M._Kerboul1997">Christian Yves-M. Kerboul, <cite class="italique">Les royaumes brittoniques au Très Haut Moyen Âge&nbsp;: Bretagne insulaire et armoricaine</cite>, Éditions du Pontig, <time>1997</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;46<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+royaumes+brittoniques+au+Tr%C3%A8s+Haut+Moyen+%C3%82ge&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Pontig&amp;rft.stitle=Bretagne+insulaire+et+armoricaine&amp;rft.au=Christian+Yves-M.+Kerboul&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.pages=46&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Merdrignac1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Merdrignac1985">Bernard Merdrignac, <cite class="italique">Recherches sur l'hagiographie armoricaine du VIIème au XVème siècle</cite>, Centre régional archéologique d'Alet, <time>1985</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;66<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+l%27hagiographie+armoricaine+du+VII%C3%A8me+au+XV%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle&amp;rft.pub=Centre+r%C3%A9gional+arch%C3%A9ologique+d%27Alet&amp;rft.aulast=Merdrignac&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.pages=66&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Merdrignac1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Merdrignac1999">Bernard Merdrignac, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Jean-Christophe Cassard, Les Bretons et la mer au Moyen Âge. Des origines au milieu du XIVe siècle [compte-rendu]</cite>&nbsp;», <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annales_de_Bretagne_et_des_pays_de_l%27Ouest?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest">Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr>&nbsp;106, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;4,‎ <time>1999</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;131<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Jean-Christophe+Cassard%2C+Les+Bretons+et+la+mer+au+Moyen+%C3%82ge.+Des+origines+au+milieu+du+XIVe+si%C3%A8cle+%5Bcompte-rendu%5D&amp;rft.jtitle=Annales+de+Bretagne+et+des+pays+de+l%27Ouest&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.aulast=Merdrignac&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.pages=131&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Merdrignac1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Merdrignac1993"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Merdrignac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Merdrignac">Bernard Merdrignac</a>, <cite class="italique">Les vies de saints bretons durant le haut Moyen Age</cite>, éditions Ouest-France, <time>1993</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;96<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+vies+de+saints+bretons+durant+le+haut+Moyen+Age&amp;rft.pub=%C3%A9ditions+Ouest-France&amp;rft.aulast=Merdrignac&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.pages=96&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bernard Merdrignac, <i>D'une Bretagne à l’autre&nbsp;: Les migrations bretonnes entre histoire et légendes</i>, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2012, 294 p., <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7535-1776-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7535-1776-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7535-1776-9</span></a>)</small></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="GuigonMerdrignacGiot2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_GuigonBernard_MerdrignacPierre-Roland_Giot2003">Philippe <span class="nom_auteur">Guigon</span>, Bernard <span class="nom_auteur">Merdrignac</span> et Pierre-Roland <span class="nom_auteur">Giot</span>, <cite class="italique">Les premiers Bretons d'Armorique</cite>, Presses universitaires de Rennes, <time>2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-86847-788-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-86847-788-7"><span class="nowrap">2-86847-788-7</span></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86847-788-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86847-788-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86847-788-0</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/470129913">470129913</a></span>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;51<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+premiers+Bretons+d%27Armorique&amp;rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Rennes&amp;rft.aulast=Guigon&amp;rft.aufirst=Philippe&amp;rft.au=Merdrignac%2C+Bernard&amp;rft.au=Giot%2C+Pierre-Roland&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pages=51&amp;rft.isbn=2-86847-788-7&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470129913&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guy2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ben_Guy2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ben Guy, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Breton migration: a new synthesis</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;61, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2014-01-01" data-sort-value="2014-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1865-889X">1865-889X</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0084-5302">0084-5302</a></span>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zcph.2014.006">10.1515/zcph.2014.006</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Breton+migration%3A+a+new+synthesis&amp;rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+celtische+Philologie&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.aulast=Guy&amp;rft.aufirst=Ben&amp;rft.date=2014-01-01&amp;rft.volume=61&amp;rft.issn=1865-889X&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fzcph.2014.006&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Galliou2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patrick_Galliou2017">Patrick Galliou, <cite class="italique">Les Vénètes d'Armorique</cite>, Spézet, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coop_Breizh?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coop Breizh">Coop Breizh</a>, <time>2017</time>, 575&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84346-797-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84346-797-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84346-797-4</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;437<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+V%C3%A9n%C3%A8tes+d%27Armorique&amp;rft.place=Sp%C3%A9zet&amp;rft.pub=Coop+Breizh&amp;rft.aulast=Galliou&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.pages=437&amp;rft.tpages=575&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-84346-797-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Outre le passage du /kʷ/ indo-européen à /p/ commun au gaulois et au brittonique (opposé à son passage à /k/ en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_ga%C3%A9liques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues gaéliques">gaélique</a>). <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre-Yves_Lambert?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre-Yves Lambert">Pierre-Yves Lambert</a> in <i>La langue gauloise</i>, éditions errance 1994. <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">18-19</span>, a identifié sur le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_plomb_du_Larzac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Le plomb du Larzac">plomb du Larzac</a></i> une autre innovation commune, à savoir le passage du groupe -nm- à -nu- à l'intérieur d'un terme. En effet, le gaulois <i>anuana</i> est très proche du vieux gallois <i>enuein</i> "noms" (opposé au gaélique irlandais <i>ainm</i> "nom"). <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Fleuriot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Fleuriot">Léon Fleuriot</a> parle de groupe gallo-brittonique.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Léon Fleuriot, "L'importance du dialecte de Vannes pour l'étude diachronique et comparative du breton armoricain" p.159-170, in <i>Beiträge sur Indogermanistik und Keltologie</i>, Innsbruk, 1967.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vallerie1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="Erwan_Vallerie1995">Erwan <span class="nom_auteur">Vallerie</span>, <cite class="italique">Diazezoù studi istorel an anvioù-parrez = Traité de toponymie historique de la Bretagne</cite>, An Here, <time>1995</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-86843-153-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-86843-153-4"><span class="nowrap">2-86843-153-4</span></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86843-153-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86843-153-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86843-153-0</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/63764620">63764620</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63764620">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">525-545</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diazezo%C3%B9+studi+istorel+an+anvio%C3%B9-parrez+%3D+Trait%C3%A9+de+toponymie+historique+de+la+Bretagne&amp;rft.pub=An+Here&amp;rft.aulast=Vallerie&amp;rft.aufirst=Erwan&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.pages=525-545&amp;rft.isbn=2-86843-153-4&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63764620&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Léon Fleuriot, <i>Les Origines de la Bretagne</i>, Payot 1980. <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">52-53</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">T. F. Hoad, <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionnary Of English Etymology</i>, Oxford University Press 1993. <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;50.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89migration_bretonne_en_Armorique&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Magali Coumert, «&nbsp;Le peuplement de l’Armorique&nbsp;: Cornouaille et Domnonée de part et d’autre de la Manche aux premiers siècles du Moyen-Âge&nbsp;» dans <i>Histoires des Bretagnes. 1. Les mythes fondateurs</i>, éditions CRBC/UBO, 2010.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Loth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Loth">Joseph Loth</a>, <i>L'Émigration bretonne en Armorique</i>, Rennes, 1883 (réimpr. Slatkine Reprints, Paris-Genève, 1980) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-05-100102-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-05-100102-2"><span class="nowrap">2-05-100102-2</span></a>)</small> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://bibnum.univ-rennes2.fr/items/show/16">disponible</a> sur la Bibliothèque numérique de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Rennes_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Rennes 2">université Rennes 2</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Merdrignac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Merdrignac">Bernard Merdrignac</a> <i>D'une Bretagne à l'autre. Les migrations bretonnes entre histoire et légende</i> Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2012 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782753517769?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782753517769"><span class="nowrap">9782753517769</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Largilli%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Largillière">René Largillière</a>, <i>Les Saints et l'organisation chrétienne primitive dans l'Armorique bretonne</i>&nbsp;; Rennes, J. Plihon et L. Hommay, 1925, 270 p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k914005">lire en ligne</a> sur <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallica">Gallica</a></i>&nbsp;; rééd. (avec préface de Bernard Tanguy, notes complémentaires et annexes), Crozon, ed. Armeline, 1995, 397 p. <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-910878-00-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-910878-00-7"><span class="nowrap">2-910878-00-7</span></a>)</small></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9deville?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Chédeville">André Chédeville</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hubert_Guillotel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hubert Guillotel">Hubert Guillotel</a>, <i>La Bretagne des saints et des rois, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> – <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a>&nbsp;siècles</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ouest-France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ouest-France">Ouest-France</a>, coll. «&nbsp;Université&nbsp;», Rennes, 1984 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-85882-613-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-85882-613-7"><span class="nowrap">2-85882-613-7</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Alan-Joseph Raude, <i>L'Origine géographique des Bretons armoricains</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dalc%27homp_Sonj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dalc'homp Sonj">Dalc'homp Sonj</a>&nbsp;!, Lorient, 1996 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-905929-10-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-905929-10-3"><span class="nowrap">2-905929-10-3</span></a>)</small></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Fleuriot1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Fleuriot1988"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Fleuriot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Fleuriot">Léon <span class="nom_auteur">Fleuriot</span></a>, <cite class="italique">Les Origines de la Bretagne&nbsp;: l'émigration</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Payot_(%C3%A9ditions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Payot (éditions)">Payot</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&nbsp;«&nbsp;Bibliothèque historique&nbsp;» (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;34), <time>1988</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1980), 353&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-228-12711-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-228-12711-6"><span class="nowrap">2-228-12711-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.payot-rivages.net/livre_Les-origines-de-la-Bretagne-Leon-Fleuriot_ean13_9782228127110.html">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+Origines+de+la+Bretagne&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Payot&amp;rft.stitle=l%27%C3%A9migration&amp;rft.aulast=Fleuriot&amp;rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.tpages=353&amp;rft.isbn=2-228-12711-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89migration+bretonne+en+Armorique"></span></span></span>, <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1981_num_139_1_450224_t1_0100_0000_4">présentation en ligne</a>]</small>, <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.persee.fr/doc/abpo_0399-0826_1983_num_90_1_3117_t1_0123_0000_1">présentation en ligne</a>]</small>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre-Roland_Giot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre-Roland Giot">Pierre-Roland Giot</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Guigon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Philippe Guigon (page inexistante)">Philippe Guigon</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernard_Merdrignac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bernard Merdrignac">Bernard Merdrignac</a>, <i>Les premiers Bretons d'Armorique</i>, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, coll. «&nbsp;Archéologie &amp; Culture&nbsp;», Rennes, 2003 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-86847-788-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-86847-788-7"><span class="nowrap">2-86847-788-7</span></a>)</small></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christian_Y.-M._Kerboul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Christian Y.-M. Kerboul (page inexistante)">Christian Y.-M. Kerboul</a>, <i>Les Royaumes brittoniques au très haut Moyen Âge</i>, Éditions du Pontig-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coop_Breizh?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coop Breizh">Coop Breizh</a>, Sautron-Spézet, 1997 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-9510310-3-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-9510310-3-3"><span class="nowrap">2-9510310-3-3</span></a>)</small></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christiane_M.-J._Kerboul-Vilhon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Christiane M.-J. Kerboul-Vilhon (page inexistante)">Christiane M.-J. Kerboul-Vilhon</a>, <i>Gildas Le Sage Vies et œuvres</i>, Éditions du Pontig, Sautron, 1997 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-9510310-2-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-9510310-2-5"><span class="nowrap">2-9510310-2-5</span></a>)</small></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nora_Kershaw_Chadwick?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nora Kershaw Chadwick">Nora Kershaw Chadwick</a>, <i>The Colonization of Brittany from Celtic Britain</i>, 1967.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Caroline Brett, Fiona Edmonds, et Paul Russel, <i>Brittany and the Atlantic Archipelago, 450–1200: Contact, Myth and History</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2021, 479 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp; <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-108-76010-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-108-76010-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-108-76010-2</span></a>)</small> et 1-108-76010-4)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" 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