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</div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-古代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>古代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>中世纪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近代早期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近代早期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>近代早期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近代早期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-现代和当代时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#现代和当代时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>现代和当代时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-现代和当代时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-出版物时间表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出版物时间表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>出版物时间表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出版物时间表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">植物系統學史</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。7种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="উদ্ভিদ শ্রেণিবিন্যাসের ইতিহাস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উদ্ভিদ শ্রেণিবিন্যাসের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija_sistematike_biljaka" title="Historija sistematike biljaka – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Historija sistematike biljaka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" title="History of plant systematics – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of plant systematics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C" title="تاریخچه سیستماتیک گیاهی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخچه سیستماتیک گیاهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="தாவரங்களின் உயிரியல் வகைப்பாடு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவரங்களின் உயிரியல் வகைப்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBsimliklar_sistematikasi" title="Oʻsimliklar sistematikasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻsimliklar sistematikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg/220px-ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg/330px-ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg/440px-ViennaDioscoridesAuthorPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">维也纳·迪奥斯库里德斯</a></i>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" title="藥物論">《药物论》</a>手稿可以追溯到公元六世纪初，是现存最古老的本草书之一。<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a>于公元50至60年间创作了这本书。</figcaption></figure> <p>植物系统学的历史，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">生物分类学</a>，可以追溯到古希腊时期，直至现代<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="演化生物学">生物进化学家</a>的研究。作为一门科学领域，植物系统学的发展过程相对缓慢，早期对植物的了解通常被视为医学研究的一部分。后来，分类和描述逐渐受到<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="自然历史">自然历史</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="自然神学">自然神学</a>的影响。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="演化">进化理论</a>出现之前，几乎所有的分类都基于“<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E9%8E%96%E9%8F%88" class="mw-redirect" title="存在鎖鏈">自然阶梯</a>”（scala naturae）。在18和19世纪，植物学逐渐专业化，朝着更全面的分类方法转变，最终基于植物的进化关系。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="古代"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3"></span>古代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：古代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%99%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="逍遙學派">逍遥学派</a>哲学家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">泰奥弗拉斯托斯</a>（公元前372年-公元前287年）是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a>的学生，他撰写了现存最早的植物学著作<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2" title="植物史">《植物史》</a>，其中列举了500多种植物的名称。<sup id="cite_ref-est_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-est-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>他并未提出正式的分类体系，而是依靠民间的通用分类，以及植物生长形态：树木、灌木、亚灌木或草本植物。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" title="藥物論">《药物论》</a>是早期重要的植物描述汇编，涵盖了五百多种植物，主要根据它们的药用效果进行分类。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中世纪"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.BA.AA"></span>中世纪</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：中世纪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">拜占庭帝国</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="君士坦丁七世">君士坦丁七世</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%91%AA%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="奧瑪亞王朝">奥玛亚</a>哈里发<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜拉赫曼三世">赫曼三世</a>（9世纪统治<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%9B%BD" title="科尔多瓦哈里发国">科尔多瓦</a>），送去了一份<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a>的药典，并指派名叫尼古拉的修士将该书翻译成阿拉伯语。<sup id="cite_ref-crops_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crops-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>该药典从公元1世纪出版使用，一直到16世纪，成为整个中世纪期间的主要本草书之一。<sup id="cite_ref-Mayr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中世纪文本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">分类</a>标准与今天不同，通常根据植物的外部相似性，将其归为同一物种，尽管在现代分类学中，它们是不同的。<sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>阿布·尔-海尔（Abū l-Khayr）的植物学著作<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是现代学者已知最完整的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%99%E5%BA%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安达卢西亚农业语料库（页面不存在）">安达卢西亚植物学文献</a>。该文献以对<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="植物形態學">植物形态学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="物候學">物候学</a>的详细描述而著称。<sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="近代早期"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E4.BB.A3.E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F"></span>近代早期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：近代早期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在16世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="奥托·布伦费尔斯">奥托·布伦费尔斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%85%8B" title="希罗尼穆斯·博克">希罗尼穆斯·博克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="莱昂哈特·福克斯">莱昂哈特·福克斯</a>的著作重新唤起了人们对基于第一手观察的自然历史的兴趣；博克特别在他的描述中包含了环境和生命周期信息。随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0" title="地理大发现">大航海时代</a>外来物种的涌入，已知物种的数量迅速增加，但大多数作者对个别植物的药用特性更感兴趣，而非一个全面的分类系统。后来具有影响力的文艺复兴时期著作，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%89" title="加斯帕尔·博安">加斯帕尔·博安</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E8%AF%BA" title="安德烈亚·切萨尔皮诺">安德烈亚·切萨尔皮诺</a>的著作。博安描述了6000多种植物，并根据各种共同特征，将它们分成12卷和72章。切萨尔皮诺基于结果器官的结构，使用亚里士多德的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8B%E6%A0%91" title="波菲利之树">逻辑划分</a>技术构建了他的系统。 <sup id="cite_ref-Mayr_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="现代和当代时期"><span id=".E7.8E.B0.E4.BB.A3.E5.92.8C.E5.BD.93.E4.BB.A3.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>现代和当代时期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：现代和当代时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1789 年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%9C%B1%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德朱西厄系统（页面不存在）">德·朱西厄</a>（受<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%B8%B9%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米歇爾·阿丹森（页面不存在）">米歇尔·阿丹森</a>的工作启发）对植物分类做出了重大贡献。十九世纪初期，德·康多尔开始了工作，最终呈现在《前驱》中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="出版物时间表"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E7.89.88.E7.89.A9.E6.97.B6.E9.97.B4.E8.A1.A8"></span>出版物时间表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：出版物时间表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物学史（页面不存在）">植物学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="保育運動">保育运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="环境保护">环境保护</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="民族植物學">民族植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自动物种识别（页面不存在）">自动物种识别</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PL@ntNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PL@ntNet（页面不存在）">PL@ntNet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-est-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-est_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Concise Encyclopedia Of Science And Technology</i>, McGraw-Hill</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crops-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crops_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Zadoks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Zadoks（页面不存在）">Zadoks, J.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ddfAQAAQBAJ">Crop protection in medieval agriculture. Studies in pre-modern organic agriculture</a>. Leiden: Sidestone. 2013: 333 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-05-08</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789088901874" title="Special:网络书源/9789088901874"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789088901874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft.aulast=Zadoks&rft.btitle=Crop+protection+in+medieval+agriculture.+Studies+in+pre-modern+organic+agriculture&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789088901874&rft.pages=333&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Sidestone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ddfAQAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayr_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayr_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mayr, Ernst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/growthofbiologic00mayr">The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance</a><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需要免费注册"><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1982. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780674364455" title="Special:网络书源/9780674364455"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780674364455</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft.aulast=Mayr&rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+Biological+Thought%3A+Diversity%2C+Evolution%2C+and+Inheritance&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780674364455&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrowthofbiologic00mayr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sutton, David; Robert Huxley (editor). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatnaturalists0000unse">Pedanios Dioscorides: Recording the Medicinal Uses of Plants</a>. London: Thames & Hudson, with the Natural History Museum. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatnaturalists0000unse/page/32">32</a>–37. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-500-25139-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-500-25139-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-500-25139-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&rft.au=Sutton%2C+David%3B+Robert+Huxley+%28editor%29&rft.btitle=Pedanios+Dioscorides%3A+Recording+the+Medicinal+Uses+of+Plants&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-500-25139-3&rft.pages=32-37&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+with+the+Natural+History+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatnaturalists0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smithsonian-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smithsonian_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smithsonian_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U-NDmuj9I8cC">Middle East Garden Traditions: Unity and Diversity: Questions, Methods and Resources in a Multicultural Perspective Volume 31</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-02-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031120445/https://books.google.com/books?id=U-NDmuj9I8cC">存档</a>于2023-10-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Garden+Traditions%3A+Unity+and+Diversity%3A+Questions%2C+Methods+and+Resources+in+a+Multicultural+Perspective+Volume+31&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU-NDmuj9I8cC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Umdat al-tabib fi ma'rifat al-n abat (Medical support for the knowledge of plants by all experts)</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:植物学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:植物学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:植物学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="植物学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學史（页面不存在）">植物學史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:History of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學大綱（页面不存在）">植物學大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學分支" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Branches of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學分支（页面不存在）">分支學科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:Branches of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Branches of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="考古植物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Archaeobotany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="考古植物學（页面不存在）">考古植物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeobotany" class="extiw" title="en:Archaeobotany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Archaeobotany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天體植物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astrobotany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天體植物學（页面不存在）">天體植物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobotany" class="extiw" title="en:Astrobotany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astrobotany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E8%97%93%E5%AD%A6" title="苔藓学">苔藓学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E6%9C%A8%E5%AD%B8" title="樹木學">樹木學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="民族植物學">民族植物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古植物学">古植物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="藻类学">藻类学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="植物化学">植物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="植物地理学">植物地理学</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地植物學勘探" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geobotanical prospecting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地植物學勘探（页面不存在）">地植物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geobotanical_prospecting" class="extiw" title="en:Geobotanical prospecting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geobotanical prospecting</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="植物解剖學">植物解剖學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="植物生态学">植物生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="植物病理學">植物病理學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">植物類群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E" title="藻類">藻類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="原始色素體生物">原始质体生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%94%E8%97%93%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="苔藓植物">苔藓植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B6%AD%E7%AE%A1%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="非維管植物">非维管植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="维管植物">维管植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="种子植物">种子植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%95%A8%E9%A1%9E%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="蕨類植物">蕨類植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="裸子植物">裸子植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="被子植物">被子植物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="植物解剖學">植物解剖學</a><br />和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="植物形態學">形態學</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物形態學術語表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of plant morphology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物形態學術語表（页面不存在）">術語表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of plant morphology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of plant morphology</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="植物细胞学">植物细胞学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%A3%81" title="細胞壁">細胞壁</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="成膜體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phragmoplast"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E8%86%9C%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成膜體（页面不存在）">成膜體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phragmoplast" class="extiw" title="en:Phragmoplast"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phragmoplast</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0%E9%AB%94" title="色素體">色素體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E7%B5%B2" title="原生質絲">原生質絲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E8%83%9E" title="液胞">液胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">組織</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%A0%93%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%B1%A4" title="木栓形成層">木栓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9)" title="基本组织 (植物)">基本組織</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葉肉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leaf#Mesophyll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E8%82%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉肉（页面不存在）">葉肉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf#Mesophyll" class="extiw" title="en:Leaf"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leaf#Mesophyll</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="分生组织">分生组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AE%E8%97%8F%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="贮藏器官">贮藏器官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="维管组织">维管组织</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AE%A1%E6%9D%9F" title="维管束">维管束</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%">營養器官</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%9E%E8%8C%8E" title="鳞茎">鳞茎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9" title="根">根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%A0%B9" title="假根">假根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%8C%8E" title="根茎">根茎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot" title="Shoot">地上部</a>〔<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%BD" title="芽">芽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉">葉</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="低出葉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cataphyll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8E%E5%87%BA%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="低出葉（页面不存在）">低出葉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataphyll" class="extiw" title="en:Cataphyll"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cataphyll</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E6%9F%84" title="葉柄">葉柄</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無柄花葉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sessility (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%9F%84%E8%8A%B1%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無柄花葉（页面不存在）">無柄花葉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Sessility (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sessility (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%8E" title="茎">茎</a>〕</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="植物生殖形態學">生殖器官</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%B8%E5%8D%B5%E5%99%A8" title="頸卵器">頸卵器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E8%95%8A" title="雄蕊">雄蕊群</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89" title="花粉">花粉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E8%95%8A" title="雄蕊">雄蕊</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="退化雄蕊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Staminode"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E9%9B%84%E8%95%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="退化雄蕊（页面不存在）">退化雄蕊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staminode" class="extiw" title="en:Staminode"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Staminode</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="絨氈層" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tapetum (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%A8%E6%B0%88%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="絨氈層（页面不存在）">絨氈層</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapetum_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Tapetum (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tapetum (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" title="花">花</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花被卷叠式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aestivation (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E8%A2%AB%E5%8D%B7%E5%8F%A0%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花被卷叠式（页面不存在）">花被卷叠式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aestivation_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Aestivation (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aestivation (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="ABC模型">花朵發育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" title="花">花图式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%BC%8F" title="花式">花程式</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花對稱性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Floral symmetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花對稱性（页面不存在）">花對稱性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral_symmetry" class="extiw" title="en:Floral symmetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Floral symmetry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E7%94%9F" title="轮生">轮生</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%AE%9E" title="果实">果实</a><span class="nowrap">〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="果實解剖學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fruit anatomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%9C%E5%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="果實解剖學（页面不存在）">果實解剖學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_anatomy" class="extiw" title="en:Fruit anatomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fruit anatomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%86%E6%9E%9C" title="浆果">浆果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B4%E6%9E%9C" title="蒴果">蒴果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%9A%E6%9E%9C" title="坚果">坚果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E6%A0%B8" title="果核">果核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90" title="種子">種子</a><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="種子傳播" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Seed dispersal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD" title="种子传播">種子傳播</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_dispersal" class="extiw" title="en:Seed dispersal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Seed dispersal</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E4%B9%B3" title="胚乳">胚乳</a>）〕</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%AD%90%E9%AB%94" title="配子體">配子體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="合蕊柱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Column (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E8%95%8A%E6%9F%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合蕊柱（页面不存在）">合蕊柱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Column (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Column (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8C%E8%8A%B1%E5%99%A8" title="雌花器">雌蕊群</a><span class="nowrap">〔<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%88%BF" title="子房">子房</a></span><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="子房室" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Locule"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%90%E6%88%BF%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="子房室（页面不存在）">子房室</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locule" class="extiw" title="en:Locule"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Locule</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E7%8F%A0" title="胚珠">胚珠</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B1%E9%A0%AD_(%E8%8A%B1)" title="柱頭 (花)">柱頭</a>〕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E4%B8%9D%E6%89%98" title="被丝托">被丝托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%BA%8F" title="花序">花序</a><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%9E%E7%89%87" title="苞片">苞片</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%A2%97" title="花梗">花梗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%8A%B6%E8%8A%B1%E5%BA%8F" title="总状花序">总状花序</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%96%E5%BD%A2%E8%8A%B1%E5%BA%8F" title="繖形花序">繖形花序</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%A2%AB" title="花被">花被</a><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%A2%AB%E7%89%87" title="花被片">花被片</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%93%A3" title="花瓣">花瓣</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%90%BC" title="花萼">花萼</a>）</span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物胚胎" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Embryo#Plant_embryos"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物胚胎（页面不存在）">植物胚胎</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo#Plant_embryos" class="extiw" title="en:Embryo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Embryo#Plant_embryos</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花托" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Receptacle (botany)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E6%89%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花托（页面不存在）">花托</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" class="extiw" title="en:Receptacle (botany)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Receptacle (botany)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孢子葉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sporophyll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E8%91%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孢子葉（页面不存在）">孢子葉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporophyll" class="extiw" title="en:Sporophyll"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sporophyll</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93" title="孢子体">孢子体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D4EED4; text-align:center;;width:1%">表層構造</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%92%E8%B4%A8%E5%B1%82" title="植物角质层">植物角质层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%AE%E8%A0%9F%E8%B3%AA" title="表皮蠟質">表皮蠟質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%AE_(%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9)" title="表皮 (植物)">表皮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E8%9C%9C" title="花蜜">花蜜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%AD%94" title="气孔">气孔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA" title="刺">刺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="毛状体">毛状体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="植物生理學">植物生理學</a><br />和相關物質</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%8A%E7%B2%89%E5%B1%A4" title="糊粉層">糊粉層</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="集流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulk movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集流（页面不存在）">集流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Bulk movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulk movement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0" title="纤维素">纤维素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="植物营养学">植物營養</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%BB%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="叶绿素">叶绿素</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物黑色素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phytomelanin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物黑色素（页面不存在）">植物黑色素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytomelanin" class="extiw" title="en:Phytomelanin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phytomelanin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="植物激素">植物激素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E6%B6%B2" title="樹液">樹液</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%80%E7%B2%89" title="淀粉">淀粉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%B3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="食糖">食糖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E8%85%BE%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="蒸腾作用">蒸腾作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A8%E5%A3%93" title="膨壓">膨壓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">植物生長<br />和習性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="習性#植物習性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habit (biology)#Structure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E6%80%A7" class="mw-disambig" title="习性">植物習性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habit_(biology)#Structure" class="extiw" title="en:Habit (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habit (biology)#Structure</span></a></span>）</span></span>〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="墊狀植物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cushion plant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%8A%E7%8B%80%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墊狀植物（页面不存在）">墊狀植物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushion_plant" class="extiw" title="en:Cushion plant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cushion plant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E5%BA%A7%E7%8B%80%E8%91%89%E5%8F%A2" title="蓮座狀葉叢">蓮座狀植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木">灌木</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="匍匐灌木" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prostrate shrub"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%8D%E5%8C%90%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="匍匐灌木（页面不存在）">匍匐灌木</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostrate_shrub" class="extiw" title="en:Prostrate shrub"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prostrate shrub</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="亚灌木">亚灌木</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%82%89%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="多肉植物">多肉植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91" title="树">树</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="藤本植物">藤本植物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%AA%E8%97%A4%E6%9C%AC" title="木質藤本">木質藤本</a>）〕</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="草本植物">草本植物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9C%AC%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="木本植物">木本植物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="次生生长" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Secondary growth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次生生长（页面不存在）">次生生長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_growth" class="extiw" title="en:Secondary growth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Secondary growth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="植物繁殖">繁殖</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plant evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化（页面不存在）">演化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Plant evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plant evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span><br />和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="植物生态学">生態學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF" title="世代交替">世代交替</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE" title="双受精">双受精</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化發育生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plant evolutionary developmental biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化發育生物學（页面不存在）">植物演化發育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_evolutionary_developmental_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Plant evolutionary developmental biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plant evolutionary developmental biology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary history of plants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化史（页面不存在）">植物演化史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary history of plants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary history of plants</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物演化時間軸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of plant evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E8%BB%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物演化時間軸（页面不存在）">時間軸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of plant evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of plant evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8" title="植物相">植物区系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%8A%BD" title="发芽">发芽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%B2%89" title="传粉">授粉</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%8E%88%E7%B2%89" title="人工授粉">人工授粉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="授粉者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pollinator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%88%E7%B2%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="授粉者（页面不存在）">授粉者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinator" class="extiw" title="en:Pollinator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pollinator</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89%E7%AE%A1" title="花粉管">花粉管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%B2%89" title="传粉">自花授粉</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%8A" title="孢子囊">孢子囊</a><span class="nowrap">〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小孢子囊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microsporangia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小孢子囊（页面不存在）">小孢子囊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsporangia" class="extiw" title="en:Microsporangia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microsporangia</span></a></span>）</span></span></span><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小孢子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Microspore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小孢子（页面不存在）">小孢子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microspore" class="extiw" title="en:Microspore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Microspore</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%8A" title="孢子囊">大孢子囊</a><span class="nowrap">（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大孢子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Megaspore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大孢子（页面不存在）">大孢子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaspore" class="extiw" title="en:Megaspore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Megaspore</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A2%E5%AD%90" title="孢子">孢子</a>〕</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">命名和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="生物分类学">分類</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="植物分类学">植物分类学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物命名法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Botanical nomenclature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物命名法（页面不存在）">植物命名法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" class="extiw" title="en:Botanical nomenclature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Botanical nomenclature</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="植物學名">植物學名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1" title="正確名稱">正確名稱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%BC%95%E8%AF%81" title="植物学作者引证">作者引證</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E3%80%81%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E5%92%8C%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84" title="国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法规">國際藻類、真菌和植物命名法规</a>》</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際栽培植物命名法規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際栽培植物命名法規（页面不存在）">國際栽培植物命名法規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" class="extiw" title="en:International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</span></a></span>）</span></span>》）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="栽培植物分類學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultivated plant taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栽培植物分類學（页面不存在）">栽培植物分類學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:Cultivated plant taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultivated plant taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span class="nowrap">〔<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="柑橘分類學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Citrus taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%91%E6%A9%98%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柑橘分類學（页面不存在）">柑橘分類學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:Citrus taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Citrus taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="栽培植物">栽培植物</a><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9%E5%93%81%E7%A7%8D" title="栽培品种">栽培品种</a></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="品種群" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultivar group"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%81%E7%A8%AE%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="品種群（页面不存在）">品種群</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivar_group" class="extiw" title="en:Cultivar group"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultivar group</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Grex (園藝學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grex (horticulture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grex_(%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grex (園藝學)（页面不存在）">Grex</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" class="extiw" title="en:Grex (horticulture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grex (horticulture)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）〕</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">植物系統學史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%A8%99%E6%9C%AC%E9%A4%A8" title="植物標本館">植物標本館</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際植物分類學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國際植物分類學會（页面不存在）">國際植物分類學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:International Association for Plant Taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物分類系統列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of systems of plant taxonomy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物分類系統列表（页面不存在）">植物分類系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" class="extiw" title="en:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of systems of plant taxonomy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">分类阶元</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">經營管理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="农学">農藝學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="花卉栽培" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Floriculture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E5%8D%89%E6%A0%BD%E5%9F%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花卉栽培（页面不存在）">花卉栽培</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Floriculture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Floriculture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%AD%E8%89%BA" title="园艺">园艺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;width:1%">相關列表<br />和條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物學術語表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of botanical terms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物學術語表（页面不存在）">植物學術語表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of botanical terms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of botanical terms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物命名人列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of botanists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物命名人列表（页面不存在）">植物命名人列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanists" class="extiw" title="en:List of botanists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of botanists</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="按命名人縮寫排列的植物命名人列表 (W–Z)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%89%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(W%E2%80%93Z)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="按命名人縮寫排列的植物命名人列表 (W–Z)（页面不存在）">按命名人縮寫排列的植物命名人列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(W%E2%80%93Z)" class="extiw" title="en:List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F" title="植物考察">植物考察</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#C3EEC3; text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/16px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/24px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/32px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:植物">主題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="WikiProject:植物">專題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:植物學">維基分類</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Botany" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Botany">維基共享資源</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物学史" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:生物学史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:生物学史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物学史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物学史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物学史">生物学史</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">领域和学科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="自然历史">自然历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="农业史">农业史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="农学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of agricultural science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="农学史（页面不存在）">农学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agricultural_science" class="extiw" title="en:History of agricultural science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of agricultural science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物学史（页面不存在）">植物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:History of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="医学史">医学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="解剖学史">解剖学史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物学史 (1859年之前)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of zoology (through 1859)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之前)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之前)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(through_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (through 1859)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of zoology (through 1859)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物学史 (1859年之后)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of zoology (since 1859)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之后)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之后)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(since_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (since 1859)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of zoology (since 1859)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物分类学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of plant systematics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物分类学史（页面不存在）">植物分类学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" class="extiw" title="en:History of plant systematics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of plant systematics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古生物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of paleontology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古生物学史（页面不存在）">古生物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paleontology" class="extiw" title="en:History of paleontology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of paleontology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="地质学史">地质学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="演化思想史">演化思想史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生态学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of ecology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态学史（页面不存在）">生态学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:History of ecology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of ecology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模式生物史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of model organisms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模式生物史（页面不存在）">模式生物史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_model_organisms" class="extiw" title="en:History of model organisms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of model organisms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藻类学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of phycology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藻类学史（页面不存在）">藻类学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_phycology" class="extiw" title="en:History of phycology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of phycology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of genetics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传学史（页面不存在）">遗传学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_genetics" class="extiw" title="en:History of genetics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of genetics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物化学史">生物化学的历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="分子生物學史">分子生物學史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RNA生物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of RNA biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNA生物学史（页面不存在）">RNA生物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_RNA_biology" class="extiw" title="en:History of RNA biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of RNA biology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分子演化学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of molecular evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子演化学史（页面不存在）">分子演化学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:History of molecular evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of molecular evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="免疫学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of immunology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫学史（页面不存在）">免疫学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_immunology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of immunology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of immunology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物技术史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of biotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物技术史（页面不存在）">生物技术史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_biotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:History of biotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of biotechnology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HomunculusLarge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The homonculus"><img alt="The homonculus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/60px-HomunculusLarge.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/90px-HomunculusLarge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/120px-HomunculusLarge.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">机构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛桑实验站" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rothamsted Research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E6%A1%91%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛桑实验站（页面不存在）">洛桑实验站</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothamsted_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Rothamsted Research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rothamsted Research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="巴斯德研究院">巴斯德研究院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="马克斯·普朗克学会">马克斯·普朗克学会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%89%E6%B8%AF%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="冷泉港實驗室">冷泉港實驗室</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E5%85%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索克研究所（页面不存在）">索克研究所</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安东·多恩动物园" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stazione Zoologica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安东·多恩动物园（页面不存在）">安东·多恩动物园</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazione_Zoologica" class="extiw" title="en:Stazione Zoologica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stazione Zoologica</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="海洋生物学实验室">海洋生物学实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="洛克菲勒大學">洛克菲勒大學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%85%B9%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="伍兹霍尔海洋研究所">伍兹霍尔海洋研究所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="分子生物学实验室">分子生物学实验室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">实验</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="格里菲斯實驗">格里菲斯實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92-%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="米勒-尤里实验">米勒-尤里实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9E%E4%BA%9A-%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="卢瑞亚-德尔布吕克实验">卢瑞亚-德尔布吕克实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C-%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E5%BE%B7-%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E8%92%82%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="埃弗里-麦克劳德-麦卡蒂实验">埃弗里-麦克劳德-麦卡蒂实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%9B%AA-%E8%94%A1%E5%8F%B8%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="赫雪-蔡司實驗">赫雪-蔡司實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%91%9F%E7%94%9F%E2%80%93%E5%8F%B2%E9%81%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="梅瑟生–史達實驗">梅塞尔森-斯塔尔实验</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里克与布伦纳等人的实验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crick, Brenner et al. experiment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里克与布伦纳等人的实验（页面不存在）">克里克与布伦纳等人的实验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crick,_Brenner_et_al._experiment" class="extiw" title="en:Crick, Brenner et al. experiment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crick, Brenner et al. experiment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC-%E9%A9%AC%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="尼伦伯格-马特伊实验">尼伦伯格-马特伊实验</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼伦伯格和里德的实验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nirenberg and Leder experiment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼伦伯格和里德的实验（页面不存在）">尼伦伯格和里德的实验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirenberg_and_Leder_experiment" class="extiw" title="en:Nirenberg and Leder experiment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nirenberg and Leder experiment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理论和概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" title="自然發生">自然发生说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E9%8E%96%E9%8F%88" class="mw-redirect" title="存在鎖鏈">自然阶梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="拉馬克主義">拉马克学说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="達爾文主義">达尔文学说</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="疾病的生源说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germ theory of disease"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疾病的生源说（页面不存在）">疾病的生源说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Germ theory of disease"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germ theory of disease</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="一基因一酶假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="One gene-one enzyme hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%80%E9%85%B6%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一基因一酶假说（页面不存在）">一基因一酶假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_gene-one_enzyme_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:One gene-one enzyme hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">One gene-one enzyme hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%AB%94" title="原初生命體">原初生命體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="序列假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sequence hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="序列假说（页面不存在）">序列假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Sequence hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sequence hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="中心法則">分子生物学的中心法则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="RNA世界學說">RNA世界學說</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E5%92%8C%E6%AF%81%E7%81%AD" title="论产生和毁灭">论产生和毁灭</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97" title="动物志">动物志</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">泰奧弗拉斯托斯</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2" title="植物史">植物史</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="药物论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="De Materia Medica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" title="藥物論">药物论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Materia_Medica" class="extiw" title="en:De Materia Medica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">De Materia Medica</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3" title="早期现代">近代早期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A8%E7%95%99%E6%96%AF" title="安德烈亚斯·维萨留斯">安德烈亚斯·维萨留斯</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0" title="人体的构造">人体的构造</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4" title="威廉·哈维">威廉·哈维</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%BA" title="心血运动论">心血运动论</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%88%87%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E5%90%89" title="马尔切洛·马尔皮吉">马尔切洛·马尔皮吉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="罗伯特·胡克">罗伯特·胡克</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E5%9B%BE%E8%B0%B1" title="显微图谱">显微图谱</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B" title="安東尼·范·列文虎克">列文虎克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA" title="弗朗切斯科·雷迪">弗朗切斯科·雷迪</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18世纪,<br />19世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" title="卡尔·林奈">卡尔·林奈</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%B0" title="乔治-路易·勒克莱尔·德·布丰">布丰伯爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克">让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="動物哲學">動物哲學</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%B6%AD%E8%91%89" title="喬治·居維葉">喬治·居維葉</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物界 (书籍)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Règne Animal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物界 (书籍)（页面不存在）">动物界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_R%C3%A8gne_Animal" class="extiw" title="en:Le Règne Animal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Règne Animal</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亚历山大·冯·洪堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE" title="查爾斯·萊爾">查尔斯·莱尔</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="地质学原理">地质学原理</a>》</li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="创造的自然历史的痕迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%97%95%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="创造的自然历史的痕迹（页面不存在）">创造的痕迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestiges_of_the_Natural_History_of_Creation" class="extiw" title="en:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">查尔斯·达尔文</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="物种起源">物种起源</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5" title="人类的由来">人类的由来</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB" title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士">阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E5%A5%91%E5%A5%87" title="約瑟夫·潘契奇">約瑟夫·潘契奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%B9" title="亨利·沃尔特·贝兹">亨利·沃尔特·贝兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE" title="格雷戈爾·孟德爾">孟德爾</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物杂交试验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Experiments on Plant Hybridization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%82%E4%BA%A4%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物杂交试验（页面不存在）">植物杂交试验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiments_on_Plant_Hybridization" class="extiw" title="en:Experiments on Plant Hybridization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Experiments on Plant Hybridization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴斯德">路易·巴斯德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB" title="罗伯特·科赫">罗伯特·科赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·海克尔">恩斯特·海克尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="伊萬·巴甫洛夫">巴甫洛夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基">谢尔盖·维诺格拉茨基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%B8%83" title="雅克·洛布">雅克·洛布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="胡戈·德弗里斯">胡戈·德弗里斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BD%BB%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="埃德蒙·比彻·威尔逊">埃德蒙·比彻·威尔逊</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9" title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根">托马斯·亨特·摩尔根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="亚历山大·奥巴林">亚历山大·奥巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E" title="亚历山大·弗莱明">亚历山大·弗莱明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E9%9F%8B" title="羅伯特·里奇韋">羅伯特·里奇韋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="J. B. S. 霍尔丹">J·B·S·霍尔丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E7%89%B9" title="休厄尔·赖特">赖特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E9%BB%98%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E9%9B%AA" title="羅納德·愛爾默·費雪">羅納德·費雪</a></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%81%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%B2%E6%88%9A%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性（页面不存在）">孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Correlation_between_Relatives_on_the_Supposition_of_Mendelian_Inheritance" class="extiw" title="en:The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88" title="生命是什么">生命是什么?</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9" title="康拉德·洛伦兹">康拉德·洛伦兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B" title="巴巴拉·麦克林托克">巴巴拉·麦克林托克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%B8%83%E7%84%B6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="费奥多西·多布然斯基">费奥多西·多布然斯基</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传学与物种起源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetics and the Origin of Species"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传学与物种起源（页面不存在）">遗传学与物种起源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics_and_the_Origin_of_Species" class="extiw" title="en:Genetics and the Origin of Species"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetics and the Origin of Species</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔">恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔">乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%BD" title="西摩·本泽">西摩·本泽</a></li> <li><a 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