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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0rthama_ibn_%C3%80yan" title="Hàrthama ibn Àyan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hàrthama ibn Àyan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هرثمه بن اعین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هرثمه بن اعین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsamah_bin_A%27yan" title="Hartsamah bin A'yan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hartsamah bin A'yan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Abbasid provincial governor and general (died 816)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Harthama ibn A'yan <br /> هرثمة بن أعين</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Islamic_Egypt" title="List of rulers of Islamic Egypt">Abbasid governor of Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />794–795</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Sulayman_al-Hashimi" title="Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Hashimi">Ishaq ibn Sulayman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Salih" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Salih">Abd al-Malik ibn Salih</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Abbasid governor of <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />795–797</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Fadl_ibn_Rawh_ibn_Hatim_al-Muhallabi" title="Al-Fadl ibn Rawh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi">Al-Fadl ibn Rawh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Muqatil_al-Akki" title="Muhammad ibn Muqatil al-Akki">Muhammad ibn Muqatil al-Akki</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Mosul" title="List of rulers of Mosul">Abbasid governor of Mosul</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />798–802</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Sa%27id_al-Harashi" title="Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi">Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Nadal ibn Rifas</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Abbasid governor of <a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Palestine</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Harun al-Rashid</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, Abbasid Caliphate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 816<br />Abbasid Caliphate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data">A'yan</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">790s - 816 <br /> 816 (end of service)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Abbasid army general</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harthama ibn A'yan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">هرثمة بن أعين</span>; died June 816) was a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khurasan</a>-born general and governor of the early <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>, serving under the caliphs <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi">al-Hadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">al-Ma'mun</a>. He played an important role in the victory of al-Ma'mun in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Fitna" title="Fourth Fitna">Abbasid civil war</a>, but was executed at his orders when he protested against the power of the <a href="/wiki/Fadl_ibn_Sahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Fadl ibn Sahl">Sahlid</a> family that dominated his court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harthama_ibn_A%27yan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A native of <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, Harthama was a <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mawla" title="Mawla">mawla</a></i></span> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banu_Dabba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banu Dabba (page does not exist)">Banu Dabba</a> tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He first appears during the reign of the second Abbasid Caliph, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reign" title="Reign">reigned</a> 754–775), as one of the supporters of the Abbasid prince and heir-apparent <a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_Musa" title="Isa ibn Musa">Isa ibn Musa</a>. Isa was forced to renounce his claim on the throne in favour of al-Mansur's son, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 775–785</span>), who had Harthama brought to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> in chains and kept him under arrest throughout his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crone177_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under al-Mahdi's son and successor <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi" title="Al-Hadi">al-Hadi</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 785–786</span>), however, he was released and rose to prominence as one of the Caliph's closest advisors. At one point he is said to have recommended that the Caliph should execute his younger brother and heir-apparent, the future caliph <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 786–809</span>) to open the path for the succession of al-Hadi's own sons, but this plan was foiled through the intervention of the Caliph's mother, <a href="/wiki/Al-Khayzuran" title="Al-Khayzuran">al-Khayzuran</a>. Nevertheless, when al-Hadi died it was Harthama himself who released Harun from prison.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He continued to enjoy a privileged position and high office under Harun as well, serving as governor of <a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Crone177_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before assuming command of the caliphal guard (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">haras</i></span>) under the supervision of Harun's trusted <a href="/wiki/Vizier_(Abbasid_Caliphate)" title="Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)">vizier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Yahya" title="Ja'far ibn Yahya">Ja'far ibn Yahya</a> the <a href="/wiki/Barmakid" class="mw-redirect" title="Barmakid">Barmakid</a>. From this post he played a role in the downfall of the Barmakids in 803, and established himself as one of the Caliphate's senior military leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crone177_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also led two summer raids into <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crone177_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the large-scale rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Rafi_ibn_al-Layth" title="Rafi ibn al-Layth">Rafi ibn al-Layth</a> broke out in Khurasan in 805–806 and the local governor, <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Isa_ibn_Mahan" title="Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan">Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan</a>, proved himself incapable of suppressing it, al-Rashid sent Harthama to replace him, following himself shortly after, in 808.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harthama was in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> when al-Rashid died at <a href="/wiki/Tus,_Iran" title="Tus, Iran">Tus</a> in March 809, and remained in the east after.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, he threw in his lot with <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun" title="Al-Ma'mun">al-Ma'mun</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 813–833</span>) in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Fitna" title="Fourth Fitna">civil war</a> against <a href="/wiki/Al-Amin" title="Al-Amin">al-Amin</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 809–813</span>), and was along with <a href="/wiki/Tahir_ibn_Husayn" title="Tahir ibn Husayn">Tahir ibn Husayn</a> one of the two commanders of al-Ma'mun's army during the crucial <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(812%E2%80%93813)" title="Siege of Baghdad (812–813)">year-long siege</a> of Baghdad in 812–813. During the siege he led the attack from the east while Tahir commanded from the west. In the final stage of the siege, Harthama tried unsuccessfully to secure the surrender and life of al-Amin, by sending a boat to ferry him over the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>. The boat, however, capsized, and al-Amin was captured and executed by Tahir's men.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harthama remained in <a href="/wiki/Iraq_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq (region)">Iraq</a> after that, and played a leading role in defeating the pro-<a href="/wiki/Alid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alid">Alid</a> revolt of <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Saraya" title="Abu'l-Saraya">Abu'l-Saraya</a> in 815.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crone177_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after he was appointed as governor of <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>, but instead of taking up his post Harthama went east with the intention of appraising al-Ma'mun, who had remained in <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, of the real situation in Iraq, and especially the resentment caused by the government's domination by a group of Khurasanis around al-Ma'mun's vizier, <a href="/wiki/Al-Fadl_ibn_Sahl" title="Al-Fadl ibn Sahl">al-Fadl ibn Sahl</a>. Al-Fadl and his supporters were however able to turn al-Ma'mun against Harthama, who was imprisoned and executed in June 816.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crone177_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the news of his execution, Harthama's son <a href="/wiki/Hatim_ibn_Harthamah_ibn_A%27yan" title="Hatim ibn Harthamah ibn A'yan">Hatim</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya">Arminiya</a>, led a rebellion that was however cut short by his own death.<sup id="cite_ref-EI2_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crone177_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another son, A'yan, governor of <a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 820</span>, is also known, and his descendants through Hatim continued to occupy high offices until well into the 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harthama_ibn_A%27yan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rekaya (1991), p. 333</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI2_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pellat (1971), p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crone177-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crone177_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crone177_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crone177_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crone177_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crone177_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crone177_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crone177_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crone (1980), p. 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy (2004), p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy (2004), pp. 149–150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy (2004), p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kennedy (2004), p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crone (1980), p. 178</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harthama_ibn_A%27yan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrone1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Crone" title="Patricia Crone">Crone, Patricia</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fOu7XGjKmkAC"><i>Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52940-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-52940-9"><bdi>0-521-52940-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slaves+on+Horses%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Islamic+Polity&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-521-52940-9&rft.aulast=Crone&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfOu7XGjKmkAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarthama+ibn+A%27yan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_N._Kennedy" title="Hugh N. Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wux0lWbxs1kC"><i>The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century</i></a> (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-40525-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-40525-7"><bdi>978-0-582-40525-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prophet+and+the+Age+of+the+Caliphates%3A+The+Islamic+Near+East+from+the+6th+to+the+11th+Century&rft.place=Harlow&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-582-40525-7&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWux0lWbxs1kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarthama+ibn+A%27yan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPellat1971" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pellat, Ch. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2744">"Hart̲h̲ama b. Aʿyan"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Victor_Louis_M%C3%A9nage" title="Victor Louis Ménage">Ménage, V. L.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume III:<i> H–Iram</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_2744">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2744</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469525">495469525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hart%CC%B2h%CC%B2ama+b.+A%CA%BFyan&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+III%3A+H%E2%80%93Iram&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469525&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_2744&rft.aulast=Pellat&rft.aufirst=Ch.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_2744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarthama+ibn+A%27yan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRekaya1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rekaya, M. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4889">"al-Maʾmūn"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume VI:<i> Mahk–Mid</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 331–339. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_4889">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4889</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08112-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08112-3"><bdi>978-90-04-08112-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-Ma%CA%BEm%C5%ABn&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VI%3A+Mahk%E2%80%93Mid&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=331-339&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_4889&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08112-3&rft.aulast=Rekaya&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_4889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarthama+ibn+A%27yan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Sulayman_al-Hashimi" title="Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Hashimi">Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Hashimi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Islamic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of Islamic Egypt">Governor of Egypt</a> </b><br />794–795 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Salih" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Salih">Abd al-Malik ibn Salih</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harthama_ibn_A%27yan&oldid=1255050650">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harthama_ibn_A%27yan&oldid=1255050650</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:816_deaths" title="Category:816 deaths">816 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Generals_of_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Category:Generals of the Abbasid Caliphate">Generals of the Abbasid Caliphate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abbasid_governors_of_Khurasan" title="Category:Abbasid governors of Khurasan">Abbasid governors of Khurasan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abbasid_governors_of_Ifriqiya" title="Category:Abbasid governors of Ifriqiya">Abbasid governors of Ifriqiya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_births" title="Category:8th-century births">8th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_executions_by_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Category:9th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate">9th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abbasid_people_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Category:Abbasid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars">Abbasid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Fourth_Fitna" title="Category:People of the Fourth Fitna">People of the Fourth Fitna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_Iranian_people" title="Category:8th-century Iranian people">8th-century Iranian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_Iranian_people" title="Category:9th-century Iranian people">9th-century Iranian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_Abbasid_governors_of_Egypt" title="Category:8th-century Abbasid governors of Egypt">8th-century Abbasid governors of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abbasid_governors_of_Mosul" title="Category:Abbasid governors of Mosul">Abbasid governors of Mosul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:8th-century_people_from_Ifriqiya" title="Category:8th-century people from Ifriqiya">8th-century people from Ifriqiya</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 21:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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