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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Latvia in World War II - Valdis O. Lumans - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/atb_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Latvia_in_World_War_II.html?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Latvia_in_World_War_II.html?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C"/><meta name="title" content="Latvia in World War II"/><meta name="description" content="Valdis Lumans provides an authoritative, balanced, and comprehensive account of one of the most complex, and conflicted, arenas of the Second World War. Struggling against both Germany and the Soviet Union, Latvia emerged as an independent nation state after the First World War. In 1940, the Soviets occupied neutral Latvia, deporting or executing more than 30,000 Latvians before the Nazis invaded in 1941 and installed a puppet regime. The Red Army expelled the Germans in 1944 and reincorporated Latvia as a Soviet Republic. By the end of the war, an estimated 180,000 Latvians fled to the West. The Soviets would deport at least another 100,000.Drawing on a wide range of sources--many brought together here for the first time--Lumans synthesizes political, military, social, economic, diplomatic, and cultural history. He moves carefully through traditional sources, many of them partisan, to scholarship emerging since the end of the Cold War, to confront such issues as political loyalties, military collaboration, resistance, capitulation, the Soviet occupation, anti-Semitism, and the Latvian role in the Holocaust."/><meta property="og:title" content="Latvia in World War II"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73sz4bTjmLFAWUOofcx_RapzT6d304V9yo_ODxNmX7awPPtNJQvFe-fpDxTXGsgKeOS_0b8zs5MPn3VrXgmmZICCWc2xEIvaHsX3lTjczE4uwrXU5VwamEziBXCI7nfjRUw9ZwD"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73sz4bTjmLFAWUOofcx_RapzT6d304V9yo_ODxNmX7awPPtNJQvFe-fpDxTXGsgKeOS_0b8zs5MPn3VrXgmmZICCWc2xEIvaHsX3lTjczE4uwrXU5VwamEziBXCI7nfjRUw9ZwD"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DIPv1gjLhtZ4C%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&redir_esc=y&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Lumans</span></a></div><div><span dir=ltr>Fordham Univ Press</span>, 2006 - <a class="secondary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0"><span dir=ltr>History</span></a> - <span dir=ltr>547 pages</span></div></div><div id=synopsis><div id=synopsis-window><div id=synopsistext dir=ltr class="sa"><p>Valdis Lumans provides an authoritative, balanced, and comprehensive account of one of the most complex, and conflicted, arenas of the Second World War. </p><p>Struggling against both Germany and the Soviet Union, Latvia emerged as an independent nation state after the First World War. In 1940, the Soviets occupied neutral Latvia, deporting or executing more than 30,000 Latvians before the Nazis invaded in 1941 and installed a puppet regime. The Red Army expelled the Germans in 1944 and reincorporated Latvia as a Soviet Republic. By the end of the war, an estimated 180,000 Latvians fled to the West. The Soviets would deport at least another 100,000.</p><p>Drawing on a wide range of sources--many brought together here for the first time--Lumans synthesizes political, military, social, economic, diplomatic, and cultural history. He moves carefully through traditional sources, many of them partisan, to scholarship emerging since the end of the Cold War, to confront such issues as political loyalties, military collaboration, resistance, capitulation, the Soviet occupation, anti-Semitism, and the Latvian role in the Holocaust.</p></div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="IPv1gjLhtZ4C"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) 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href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&pg=PA529&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&pg=PA529&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U0IWSb_iN2zWyHD-6u2L03eDH3Dmw" alt="Index" title="Index" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&pg=PA529&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Index</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&pg=PA500&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&pg=PA500&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U1cbGFuDN49qzNwHtoimudwQBVy8Q" alt="References" title="References" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&pg=PA500&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >References</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Prewar Latvia</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>10</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Latvias Road to War</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>41</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Latvia and the Outbreak of War</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>68</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Soviet Occupation and Annexation</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>89</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Sovietizing Latvia The Year of Terror</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>112</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The German Invasion and Occupation of Latvia</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>140</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Latvia and the Ostland</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>173</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Latvia and the Holocaust</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>210</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Latvians at the Front</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>305</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>German Retreat and Soviet Return</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>341</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Epilogue</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>383</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Notes</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>401</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bibliographic Essay</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>473</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bibliography</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>495</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&pg=PA529&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2" ><span title="Index" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Index</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>529</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&printsec=copyright" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 1)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc0 style="display:none"><br>More</span><div id=toc_hd1><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The Latvian Legion</span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>263</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc1 style="display:none"><br>Less</span></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_setListSectionVisible']) {_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0);}</script></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=15th+Division&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>15th Division</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Aizsargi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Aizsargi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Anti-Semitism&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Anti-Semitism</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Army+Group+North&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Army Group North</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Baltic+Germans&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Baltic Germans</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=baltische+Krise&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>baltische Krise</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=baltischen+L%C3%A4nder&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>baltischen L盲nder</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Bangerskis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Bangerskis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Bassler&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Bassler</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=battalions&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>battalions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=became&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>became</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Berzins&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Berzins</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Biezais&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Biezais</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Bilmanis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Bilmanis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Breitman&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Breitman</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=camps&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>camps</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Ceichners&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Ceichners</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=civilian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>civilian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=command&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>command</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=communist&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>communist</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Dallin&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Dallin</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Dankers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Dankers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Daugavpils&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Daugavpils</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=deportations&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>deportations</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=economic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>economic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Einsatzgruppe&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Einsatzgruppe</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Estonia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Estonia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Ezergailis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Ezergailis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=forces&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>forces</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Freivalds&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Freivalds</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=front&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>front</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=German+Occupation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>German Occupation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=German+Rule&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>German Rule</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=ghetto&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>ghetto</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Haupt&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Haupt</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Heeresgruppe+Nord&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Heeresgruppe Nord</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Himmler&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Himmler</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=History+of+Latvia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>History of Latvia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Hitler&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Hitler</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Holocaust+in+Latvia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Holocaust in Latvia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Jeckeln&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Jeckeln</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Jewish&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Jewish</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=June&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>June</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Karlis+Ulmanis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Karlis Ulmanis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Kavass&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Kavass</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Kavass+and+Sprudzs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Kavass and Sprudzs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Kurzemes+Cietoksnis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Kurzemes Cietoksnis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=labor&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>labor</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latvian+Jews&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Latvian Jews</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latvian+Legation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Latvian Legation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latvian+Legion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Latvian Legion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latvian+national&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Latvian national</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latviesu+Karavirs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Latviesu Karavirs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latviesu+Tautas+Cina&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Latviesu Tautas Cina</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latvija+Kasukrusta&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Latvija Kasukrusta</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Latvijas+brunotie+Speki&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Latvijas brunotie Speki</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Leningrad&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Leningrad</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Liepaja&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Liepaja</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Lithuania&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Lithuania</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Mangulis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Mangulis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Memenis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Memenis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Misiunas+and+Taagepera&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Misiunas and Taagepera</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Myllyniemi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Myllyniemi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=nationalist&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>nationalist</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Nazi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Nazi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Neuordnung+der+baltischen&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Neuordnung der baltischen</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=NKVD&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>NKVD</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=numbers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>numbers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Occupation+of+Latvia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Occupation of Latvia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Ostland&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Ostland</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=partisans&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>partisans</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Path+Chosen+Twice&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Path Chosen Twice</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Perkonkrusts&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Perkonkrusts</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Plakans&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Plakans</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=police&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>police</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=political&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>political</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Press&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Press</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Red+Army&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Red Army</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Reich&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Reich</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Riga&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Riga</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Rule+in+Russia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Rule in Russia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Saeima&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Saeima</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Salaspils&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Salaspils</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Schuma&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Schuma</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Self-Administration&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Self-Administration</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Silde&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Silde</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Silgailis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Silgailis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Socialist+Transformation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Socialist Transformation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Soviet+Union&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Soviet Union</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Stahlecker&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Stahlecker</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Stalin&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Stalin</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Steimanis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Steimanis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Str%C3%B6ber&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Str枚ber</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Strods&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Strods</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Taagepera&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Taagepera</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Tarulis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Tarulis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Taylor+and+Bender&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Taylor and Bender</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=tion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>tion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=units&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>units</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Waffen-SS&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Waffen-SS</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Weinberg&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Weinberg</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=World+at+Arms&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>World at Arms</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&q=Zagars&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Zagars</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="citations_module_anchor"></a>References to this book</h3><div id=citations_module class=about_content><div id=citations_module_v><div class="left-column-outer"><div class="left-column-inner"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Gjc_dtWqHKIC&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=Gjc_dtWqHKIC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Gjc_dtWqHKIC&printsec=frontcover&vq=%22Latvia+in+World+War+II%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Continuity and Change in the Baltic Sea Region: Comparing Foreign Policies</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22David+J.+Galbreath%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>David J. Galbreath</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ainius+La%C5%A1as%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Ainius La拧as</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Jeremy+W.+Lamoreaux%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Jeremy W. Lamoreaux</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2008</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=zkNpAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=zkNpAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=zkNpAAAAMAAJ&printsec=references&vq=%22Latvia+in+World+War+II%22&source=gbs_citations_module_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Historical Dictionary of Latvia</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Andrejs+Plakans%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Andrejs Plakans</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2008</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> </div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author <span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(2006)</span></h3><div id=about_author class=about_content><div id=about_author_v><div class=textmodulecontent>Valdis O. Lumans is the Cleora Toole Murray Professor of History at the University of South Carolina Aiken. He is the author of Himmler's Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945. </div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Latvia in World War II</span><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22World+War+II%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><i><span dir=ltr>Volume 11 of World War II</span></i></a>, <span dir=ltr>ISSN</span> <span dir=ltr>1541-0293</span><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22World+War+II--the+global,+human,+and+ethical+dimension%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><i><span dir=ltr>Issue 11 of World War II--the global, human, and ethical dimension</span></i></a>, <span dir=ltr>ISSN</span> <span dir=ltr>1541-0293</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Valdis+O.+Lumans%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Valdis O. Lumans</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Edition</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>illustrated</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Fordham Univ Press, 2006</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>0823226271, 9780823226276</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>547 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">History</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Wars+%26+Conflicts%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Wars & Conflicts</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Wars+%26+Conflicts+World+War+II%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">World War II</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Wars+%26+Conflicts+World+War+II+General%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">General</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Europe+/+Baltic+States%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / Europe / Baltic States</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Europe+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / Europe / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Wars+%26+Conflicts+/+World+War+II+/+European+Theater%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / Wars & Conflicts / World War II / European Theater</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Wars+%26+Conflicts+/+World+War+II+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / Wars & Conflicts / World War II / General</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Latvia_in_World_War_II.bibtex?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Latvia_in_World_War_II.enw?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Latvia_in_World_War_II.ris?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DIPv1gjLhtZ4C%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en"}, {"volume_id":"IPv1gjLhtZ4C","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=IPv1gjLhtZ4C\u0026source=gbs_atb_hover","is_browsable":true,"is_public_domain":false}, {});</script><div id="footer_table" style="font-size:83%;text-align:center;position:relative;top:20px;height:4.5em;margin-top:2em"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><a href="/intl/en/googlebooks/about.html"><nobr><nobr>About Google Books</nobr></nobr></a> - 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