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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F86940953%2FA_review_of_characterization_of_tocotrienols_from_plant_oils_and_foods%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F86940953%2FA_review_of_characterization_of_tocotrienols_from_plant_oils_and_foods%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":91285206,"identifier":"Attachment_91285206","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":86940953,"created_at":"2022-09-19T22:42:46.488-07:00","from_world_paper_id":215399657,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T09:34:54.667-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","grobid_abstract":"Tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, are natural compounds found in a number of vegetable oils, wheat germ, barley and certain types of nuts and grains. Vegetable oils provide the best sources of these vitamin E forms, particularly palm oil and rice bran oil contain higher amounts of tocotrienols. Other sources of tocotrienols include grape fruit seed oil, oats, hazelnuts, maize, olive oil, buckthorn berry, rye, flax seed oil, poppy seed oil and sunflower oil. Tocotrienols are of four types, viz. alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ) and delta (δ). Unlike tocopherols, tocotrienols are unsaturated and possess an isoprenoid side chain. A number of researchers have developed methods for the extraction, analysis, identification and quantification of different types of vitamin E compounds. This article constitutes an in-depth review of the chemistry and extraction of the unsaturated vitamin E derivatives, tocotrienols, from various sources using different methods. This review article lists the different techniques that are used in the characterization and purification of tocotrienols such as soxhlet and solid-liquid extractions, saponification method, chromatography (thin layer, column chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid, high performance), capillary electrochromatography and mass spectrometry. Some of the methods described were able to identify one form or type while others could analyse all the analogues of tocotrienol molecules. Hence, this article will be helpful in understanding the various methods used in the characterization of this lesser known vitamin E variant.","publication_date":"2015,,","publication_name":"Journal of Chemical Biology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"91285206"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"A review of characterization of tocotrienols from plant oils and foods","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [115225073]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":91285206,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “A review of characterization of tocotrienols from plant oils and foods”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/91285206/mini_magick20220920-1-1pb16wd.png?1663652685" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">A review of characterization of tocotrienols from plant oils and foods</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="115225073" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmjidAhad"><img alt="Profile image of Amjid Ahad" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/115225073/76095547/64615070/s65_amjid.ahad.jpeg" />Amjid Ahad</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Journal of Chemical Biology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">15 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 86940953; 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href="https://umonash-my.academia.edu/AhmadMusa">Ahmad F Musa</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1011674" href="https://osu.academia.edu/AhmadYusry">Ahmad Yusry</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="462971" href="https://istac.academia.edu/AdalheidisAlexandros">Adalheidis Alexandros</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Vitamin E was first discovered as a fertility factor in 1922 in the laboratory of Herbert McLean Evans, a scientist and anatomist. Following this discovery, it was extensively researched and found to possess a potent antioxidant property. It soon dawned that the family of vitamin E has eight members: four tocopherols, namely α-, β-, δ-and γ-tocopherol; and four tocotrienols in the form of α-, β-, δ-and γ-tocotrienols. This chapter discusses this rather unknown and underrated isomer of vitamin E with unsurpassed health benefits: tocotrienols. Until recently, tocotrienols rarely figured in vitamin E research in spite of their relative superiority to tocopherol coupled with their abundant presence in palm oil. In fact, since palm oil contains about 70% of all tocotrienol homologues, it would be no exaggeration to call it nature's best kept secret, if not the most promising natural substance in influencing health and disease. While highlighting the wonders of tocotrienols as a safe and efficacious product, this chapter offers a panoramic view of recent research into tocotrienols that demonstrates their undeniable benefits in conferring protection against cancer as well as a whole litany of ailments including cardiovascular, metabolic, autoimmune, bone and neurological diseases. Admittedly, many of these researches were conducted in the laboratory, with some preclinical trials translated into clinical trials. Nonetheless, it is hoped that more randomised clinical trials will be carried out on a global scale in the near future. From the vessels in the heart to the neurons in the brain, tocotrienols have the extraordinary potential to be the future of vitamin E research.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tocotrienol: An Underrated Isomer of Vitamin E in Health and Diseases","attachmentId":66139966,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45643951/Tocotrienol_An_Underrated_Isomer_of_Vitamin_E_in_Health_and_Diseases","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45643951/Tocotrienol_An_Underrated_Isomer_of_Vitamin_E_in_Health_and_Diseases"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="68994910" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68994910/Method_for_simultaneous_analysis_of_eight_vitamin_E_isomers_in_various_foods_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_and_fluorescence_detection">Method for simultaneous analysis of eight vitamin E isomers in various foods by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="123693343" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SebastiaoBrandao">Sebastiao Brandao</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">… of Chromatography A, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Method for simultaneous analysis of eight vitamin E isomers in various foods by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection","attachmentId":79265342,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68994910/Method_for_simultaneous_analysis_of_eight_vitamin_E_isomers_in_various_foods_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_and_fluorescence_detection","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68994910/Method_for_simultaneous_analysis_of_eight_vitamin_E_isomers_in_various_foods_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_and_fluorescence_detection"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="101097329" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101097329/Modern_methods_to_determine_vitamin_E_in_foods_and_feeds">Modern methods to determine vitamin E in foods and feeds</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="94202110" href="https://uoradea.academia.edu/CameliaBara">Camelia Bara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Highly specific and sensitive, the proposed fluorometric method for determining α-tocopherol is robust and fairly fast. Ithas been tested in parallel with a conventional thin layer chromatographic method on foods and feeds. The only necessarycleanup is the usual saponification. The unsaponificable fraction can be extracted with ethyl ether or, preferably, withExtrelut columns. Reagents and their solvents are added to the isooctane solution before each successive reaction and arethen eliminated by partition with water. The α-tocopherol (α-T) derivative always remains in isooctane. The first step isnitrosation and elimination of tocopherols and tocotrienols other than α-isomers. α-T is then oxidized to α-tocored (α-TR)with a mixture of sulfuric acid, ferric chloride, and iodine bromide. Α-TR is then condensed to a new reagent: 4,5-dimethylo-phenylenediamine. The phenazine formed is strongly fluorescent. Iodine and bromine add to the double bonds of α-tocotrienol present and quench the...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modern methods to determine vitamin E in foods and feeds","attachmentId":101730885,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101097329/Modern_methods_to_determine_vitamin_E_in_foods_and_feeds","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101097329/Modern_methods_to_determine_vitamin_E_in_foods_and_feeds"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="24537169" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24537169/Species_differences_in_the_utilization_of_various_forms_of_vitamin_E">Species differences in the utilization of various forms of vitamin E</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29804962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ScottCitino">Scott Citino</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">… . Meet. Am. Assoc. 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Gimeno</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Chromatography A, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rapid determination of vitamin E in vegetable oils by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography","attachmentId":42950941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22311380/Rapid_determination_of_vitamin_E_in_vegetable_oils_by_reversed_phase_high_performance_liquid_chromatography","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22311380/Rapid_determination_of_vitamin_E_in_vegetable_oils_by_reversed_phase_high_performance_liquid_chromatography"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="20474667" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20474667/A_modified_simple_method_for_determination_of_serum_%CE%B1_tocopherol_vitamin_E_">A modified simple method for determination of serum α-tocopherol (vitamin E)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41123435" href="https://bldeu.academia.edu/KusalDas">Kusal Das</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A modified simple method for determination of serum α-tocopherol (vitamin E)","attachmentId":41393196,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20474667/A_modified_simple_method_for_determination_of_serum_%CE%B1_tocopherol_vitamin_E_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20474667/A_modified_simple_method_for_determination_of_serum_%CE%B1_tocopherol_vitamin_E_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="96800812" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96800812/The_80th_Anniversary_of_Vitamin_E_Beyond_Its_Antioxidant_Properties">The 80th Anniversary of Vitamin E: Beyond Its Antioxidant Properties</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33313913" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AzziA">A. Azzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Chemistry, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The 80th Anniversary of Vitamin E: Beyond Its Antioxidant Properties","attachmentId":98598124,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96800812/The_80th_Anniversary_of_Vitamin_E_Beyond_Its_Antioxidant_Properties","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96800812/The_80th_Anniversary_of_Vitamin_E_Beyond_Its_Antioxidant_Properties"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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Azzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The European perspective on vitamin E: current knowledge and future research","attachmentId":98598088,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96800825/The_European_perspective_on_vitamin_E_current_knowledge_and_future_research","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96800825/The_European_perspective_on_vitamin_E_current_knowledge_and_future_research"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"HPLC screening of natural vitamin E from mediterranean plant biofactories—a basic tool for pilot-scale bioreactors production of α-tocopherol","attachmentId":43518094,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23004966/HPLC_screening_of_natural_vitamin_E_from_mediterranean_plant_biofactories_a_basic_tool_for_pilot_scale_bioreactors_production_of_%CE%B1_tocopherol","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Absorption, lipoprotein transport, and regulation of plasma concentration of vitamin E in humans. J. Lipid Res., 34, 343-358</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35985249" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaretTraber">Maret Traber</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Lipid Research</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kayden, HJ \u0026 Traber, MG. Absorption, lipoprotein transport, and regulation of plasma concentration of vitamin E in humans. J. 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