CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Oluwakemi Olurinola | Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="5JZjE2FAN+8dLA/u4qJ5lDonUHGemj/0T3RXo1hUUndCODprcHJemvx/3GhhYd/D3ZpUFGeLXM8qiumPo7gRZg==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-1c712297ae3ac71207193b1bae0ecf1aae125886850f62c9c0139dd867630797.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="oluwakemi olurinola" /> <meta name="description" content="Oluwakemi Olurinola, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria: 70 Followers, 19 Following, 3 Research papers. Research interests: Educational…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"112 million","monthly_visitor_count":112794806,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":112,"user_count":277205006,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732474959000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732474959000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-9601d1cc3d68aa07c0a9901d03d3611aec04cc07d2a2039718ebef4ad4d148ca.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":27862689,"first_name":"Oluwakemi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Olurinola","page_name":"OluwakemiOlurinola","domain_name":"oou-ng","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:30:03.872-07:00","display_name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27862689/7985500/8944661/s65_oluwakemi.olurinola.jpg_oh_b03c3b66c1c063a8d786773ba5376312_oe_55b3f0e5___gda___1433890190_98e12fed3ce2796b77a4e40723fd70b6","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":1442958,"name":"Science and Technology Education","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/Departments/Science_and_Technology_Education/Documents","university":{"id":38687,"name":"Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Faculty Member","position_id":1,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology"},{"id":7585,"name":"ICT in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education"},{"id":4394,"name":"ICT Educational design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_Educational_design"},{"id":33784,"name":"ICT in Teachers Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education"},{"id":1019258,"name":"Information \u0026 Communication Technologies In Education ICT\u0026E","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_In_Education_ICT_and_E"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":10750430,"link":"https://www.facebook.com/app_scoped_user_id/907153336012688/","name":"Facebook","link_domain":"www.facebook.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.facebook.com"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola","location":"/OluwakemiOlurinola","scheme":"https","host":"oou-ng.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/OluwakemiOlurinola","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-a6909bcc-c52f-4f64-9a9b-f56d87836c91"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-a6909bcc-c52f-4f64-9a9b-f56d87836c91"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Oluwakemi Olurinola" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/27862689/7985500/8944661/s200_oluwakemi.olurinola.jpg_oh_b03c3b66c1c063a8d786773ba5376312_oe_55b3f0e5___gda___1433890190_98e12fed3ce2796b77a4e40723fd70b6" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Oluwakemi Olurinola</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://oou-ng.academia.edu/">Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://oou-ng.academia.edu/Departments/Science_and_Technology_Education/Documents">Science and Technology Education</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Oluwakemi" data-follow-user-id="27862689" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="27862689"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">70</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">19</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;"><b>Address: </b>Ogun State, Nigeria<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27862689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola","location":"/OluwakemiOlurinola","scheme":"https","host":"oou-ng.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/OluwakemiOlurinola","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Educational Technology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d207e675-3b44-4e77-bf74-b1c945ad71db"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d207e675-3b44-4e77-bf74-b1c945ad71db"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27862689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Education"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["ICT in Education"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-73ec3944-e2da-4494-8e37-024675e6390e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-73ec3944-e2da-4494-8e37-024675e6390e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27862689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_Educational_design"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["ICT Educational design"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-636c9cf2-f8d4-4d66-ac80-29c74ae70692"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-636c9cf2-f8d4-4d66-ac80-29c74ae70692"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27862689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["ICT in Teachers Education"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-e9d11cb9-e9bc-4d03-b893-a6a9c635d1cb"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-e9d11cb9-e9bc-4d03-b893-a6a9c635d1cb"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27862689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_Technologies_In_Education_ICT_and_E"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Information \u0026 Communication Technologies In Education ICT\u0026E"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-4a33f5de-cfcc-49ad-8eb9-3042581e8963"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-4a33f5de-cfcc-49ad-8eb9-3042581e8963"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Oluwakemi Olurinola</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="24376662"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/24376662/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44707900/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/24376662/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences">Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and most effectively support students with different learning styles. The basis for the use of multimedia is the assumption that when the user interacts within these various methods they learn more meaningfully. The fundamental principle behind multimedia learning is best described by Mayer (2005) “People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone”. This study seeks to provide a framework for multimedia-enhanced education in the curriculum. The multimedia learning tools used in this study was PowerPoint and Multiple Mouse Mischief. The framework for the study was built on what high-end multimedia presentation currently facilitates: presenting course materials in; text, graphics, photographs and animation (visual), audio and discussion (aural), with follow-up point-and-click or drag-and-drop exercises (Kinaesthetic).  The study set out to examine how learning styles interact with the presentation media to influence the learning outcomes of the students. The findings revealed no significant main effect of learning style on the students’ achievement scores. However, the result of the multiple classification analysis (MCA) on learning style showed that the kinaesthetic learners recorded the highest adjusted post-test mean achievement score. It was concluded that interactive multimedia presentation can facilitate diverse learning styles and although there are claims about the benefits of multimedia presentations but the reality is that the instructional technologies are only tools and should be applied with careful regard to the complex nature of human information processing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9686d0adcdd3be561e32049e612450ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44707900,"asset_id":24376662,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44707900/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24376662"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24376662"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24376662; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24376662]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24376662]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24376662; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='24376662']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24376662, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9686d0adcdd3be561e32049e612450ba" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=24376662]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":24376662,"title":"Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and most effectively support students with different learning styles. The basis for the use of multimedia is the assumption that when the user interacts within these various methods they learn more meaningfully. The fundamental principle behind multimedia learning is best described by Mayer (2005) “People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone”. This study seeks to provide a framework for multimedia-enhanced education in the curriculum. The multimedia learning tools used in this study was PowerPoint and Multiple Mouse Mischief. The framework for the study was built on what high-end multimedia presentation currently facilitates: presenting course materials in; text, graphics, photographs and animation (visual), audio and discussion (aural), with follow-up point-and-click or drag-and-drop exercises (Kinaesthetic). The study set out to examine how learning styles interact with the presentation media to influence the learning outcomes of the students. The findings revealed no significant main effect of learning style on the students’ achievement scores. However, the result of the multiple classification analysis (MCA) on learning style showed that the kinaesthetic learners recorded the highest adjusted post-test mean achievement score. It was concluded that interactive multimedia presentation can facilitate diverse learning styles and although there are claims about the benefits of multimedia presentations but the reality is that the instructional technologies are only tools and should be applied with careful regard to the complex nature of human information processing.\n\n"},"translated_abstract":"Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and most effectively support students with different learning styles. The basis for the use of multimedia is the assumption that when the user interacts within these various methods they learn more meaningfully. The fundamental principle behind multimedia learning is best described by Mayer (2005) “People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone”. This study seeks to provide a framework for multimedia-enhanced education in the curriculum. The multimedia learning tools used in this study was PowerPoint and Multiple Mouse Mischief. The framework for the study was built on what high-end multimedia presentation currently facilitates: presenting course materials in; text, graphics, photographs and animation (visual), audio and discussion (aural), with follow-up point-and-click or drag-and-drop exercises (Kinaesthetic). The study set out to examine how learning styles interact with the presentation media to influence the learning outcomes of the students. The findings revealed no significant main effect of learning style on the students’ achievement scores. However, the result of the multiple classification analysis (MCA) on learning style showed that the kinaesthetic learners recorded the highest adjusted post-test mean achievement score. It was concluded that interactive multimedia presentation can facilitate diverse learning styles and although there are claims about the benefits of multimedia presentations but the reality is that the instructional technologies are only tools and should be applied with careful regard to the complex nature of human information processing.\n\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24376662/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-04-13T14:46:02.546-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":27862689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":19084899,"work_id":24376662,"tagging_user_id":27862689,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4341144,"email":"2***4@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Omoniyi Tayo","title":"Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences"},{"id":19084900,"work_id":24376662,"tagging_user_id":27862689,"tagged_user_id":52443648,"co_author_invite_id":4341145,"email":"k***a@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","title":"Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44707900,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44707900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44707900/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44707900/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx?1460583168=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=fr2hB1dpsRoJ95SAIO44f2nF4q7DlLrThp76-lGB-qi0kpPxjYojnreqSa3Ffcuc3ge6Nq5FkS~bRfnroUzlPC~~3ir82j7~WT2b~8Z5QxBSmD~Ig6rBg9akZABm0q77sTjF3EmvCgoZhTU-6Q0cRyfLcdX4qrFxS7vhv430fa3-CL6ynONnBSNcv1iAOwyKk~Kz4XpxLtftr5rpFs4tCPHfdLEPB9WOKHwhv4YiW7SKERJ~I2pFdcUqRzQG6U7uxIUXTRjW-J~PAtVRoGCN6HyA~XgOP4jSpICXUlBPjjTdTLQZN0HccVJEpfO~px0sTMw8ZW091Ka~iH8S5qLauA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":27862689,"first_name":"Oluwakemi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Olurinola","page_name":"OluwakemiOlurinola","domain_name":"oou-ng","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:30:03.872-07:00","display_name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola"},"attachments":[{"id":44707900,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44707900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44707900/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44707900/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx?1460583168=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=fr2hB1dpsRoJ95SAIO44f2nF4q7DlLrThp76-lGB-qi0kpPxjYojnreqSa3Ffcuc3ge6Nq5FkS~bRfnroUzlPC~~3ir82j7~WT2b~8Z5QxBSmD~Ig6rBg9akZABm0q77sTjF3EmvCgoZhTU-6Q0cRyfLcdX4qrFxS7vhv430fa3-CL6ynONnBSNcv1iAOwyKk~Kz4XpxLtftr5rpFs4tCPHfdLEPB9WOKHwhv4YiW7SKERJ~I2pFdcUqRzQG6U7uxIUXTRjW-J~PAtVRoGCN6HyA~XgOP4jSpICXUlBPjjTdTLQZN0HccVJEpfO~px0sTMw8ZW091Ka~iH8S5qLauA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11447012"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11447012/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of UTILIZATION OF ICT FOR TEACHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE NIGERIAN TEACHERS’ CHALLENGE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986406/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11447012/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE">UTILIZATION OF ICT FOR TEACHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE NIGERIAN TEACHERS’ CHALLENGE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceed...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceeding rapid pace, therefore teachers face a growing challenge  to use technology that is evolving everyday to a teach a very “wired” and equally “wireless” generation of students . This paper defines 21st century students and teachers, and presents the challenges educators face as these students and their accompanying technology cross the classroom threshold. The paper then argues that ICT is an integral part of the modern society and analyses the characteristics of the 21st century that make it imperative for Nigerian teachers to appreciate and use information and communications technology. Therefore, Nigerian teachers are obliged to embrace ICT if they are to be relevant internationally. This paper also presents solutions to help teachers effectively meet the needs of these students while preparing them for the 21st century workforce.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="995749cf91c5f695882672baaef859bf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36986406,"asset_id":11447012,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986406/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11447012"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11447012"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11447012; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11447012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11447012]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11447012; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11447012']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11447012, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "995749cf91c5f695882672baaef859bf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11447012]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11447012,"title":"UTILIZATION OF ICT FOR TEACHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE NIGERIAN TEACHERS’ CHALLENGE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceeding rapid pace, therefore teachers face a growing challenge to use technology that is evolving everyday to a teach a very “wired” and equally “wireless” generation of students . This paper defines 21st century students and teachers, and presents the challenges educators face as these students and their accompanying technology cross the classroom threshold. The paper then argues that ICT is an integral part of the modern society and analyses the characteristics of the 21st century that make it imperative for Nigerian teachers to appreciate and use information and communications technology. Therefore, Nigerian teachers are obliged to embrace ICT if they are to be relevant internationally. This paper also presents solutions to help teachers effectively meet the needs of these students while preparing them for the 21st century workforce. "},"translated_abstract":"Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceeding rapid pace, therefore teachers face a growing challenge to use technology that is evolving everyday to a teach a very “wired” and equally “wireless” generation of students . This paper defines 21st century students and teachers, and presents the challenges educators face as these students and their accompanying technology cross the classroom threshold. The paper then argues that ICT is an integral part of the modern society and analyses the characteristics of the 21st century that make it imperative for Nigerian teachers to appreciate and use information and communications technology. Therefore, Nigerian teachers are obliged to embrace ICT if they are to be relevant internationally. This paper also presents solutions to help teachers effectively meet the needs of these students while preparing them for the 21st century workforce. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11447012/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-15T16:40:57.426-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":27862689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36986406,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986406/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986406/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986406/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc?1426462528=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=RsSjeayW3BQyt5J98YsLn1bvBxvQvR2TCJtIq8zQgLIdDolf5-p50c-aA6J68WVyNjDpIVxMGyE6~2FT-~bzxfENzriYfsrqEcOjyoU2QJkVa3wrbBsxK8yM9XmaoVcncey7FjkyGSdHJEArzDJiOOx-iB8s8F70iP0eUo7RqnCt1g37qHkLfHiR0Uu8YJXQqIwcGc3azJSzBrwOYmBn0jjgBCenNvEt74keEsCz-ps57B1-sx3tQ2aaQTwP0Rpo~5M0tZeT3YReFwQI6mA~t0rkTObEkWFjkOjEcRrYMYp9Pg9GHXhVG2GzjIw0JaJydNE263Xl5FlqTcswAKDo6w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":27862689,"first_name":"Oluwakemi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Olurinola","page_name":"OluwakemiOlurinola","domain_name":"oou-ng","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:30:03.872-07:00","display_name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola"},"attachments":[{"id":36986406,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986406/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986406/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986406/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc?1426462528=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=RsSjeayW3BQyt5J98YsLn1bvBxvQvR2TCJtIq8zQgLIdDolf5-p50c-aA6J68WVyNjDpIVxMGyE6~2FT-~bzxfENzriYfsrqEcOjyoU2QJkVa3wrbBsxK8yM9XmaoVcncey7FjkyGSdHJEArzDJiOOx-iB8s8F70iP0eUo7RqnCt1g37qHkLfHiR0Uu8YJXQqIwcGc3azJSzBrwOYmBn0jjgBCenNvEt74keEsCz-ps57B1-sx3tQ2aaQTwP0Rpo~5M0tZeT3YReFwQI6mA~t0rkTObEkWFjkOjEcRrYMYp9Pg9GHXhVG2GzjIw0JaJydNE263Xl5FlqTcswAKDo6w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education"},{"id":13545,"name":"Teacher Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Training"},{"id":17773,"name":"Teachers' professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teachers_professional_development-1"},{"id":33784,"name":"ICT in Teachers Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11446425"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11446425/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of COLOUR IN LEARNING: IT'S EFFECT ON THE RETENTION RATE OF GRADUATE STUDENTS" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986075/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11446425/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS">COLOUR IN LEARNING: IT'S EFFECT ON THE RETENTION RATE OF GRADUATE STUDENTS</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71b1e545687cde46b749d1f27485f01e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36986075,"asset_id":11446425,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986075/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11446425"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11446425"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11446425; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11446425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11446425]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11446425; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11446425']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11446425, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "71b1e545687cde46b749d1f27485f01e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11446425]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11446425,"title":"COLOUR IN LEARNING: IT'S EFFECT ON THE RETENTION RATE OF GRADUATE STUDENTS","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Cognitive psychologists have discovered different design principles to enhance memory performance. It has been said that retrieving process depends on many variables and one of them is colour. This paper provides an overview of research on colour and learning. It includes the effect of colour on attention, retention and memory performance, and relates these to the design of instructional materials. The study reported the effect colour had on the retention rate of graduate students of the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye. Thirty graduate students participated in this study. The purpose of this research study was to determine if colour (in prints form) influence the learning process. The independent variable was colour at two levels: Congruent colours (colours corresponding to the words) and Incongruent colours (colours not related to the words), while for the control, Achromatic colours (black and shades of grey) were used. The dependent variable was the retention rate i.e. number of words recalled. The research design was a posttest only design. A one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data and the results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the number of words recalled based on colour. The groups exposed to congruent colours and achromatic colours performed better than those exposed to incongruent colours, although the group exposed to the congruent colour prints performed better than those of the other groups. Therefore designers of instructional materials need to use colour wisely by paying attention to the effect of colour on learning.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":36986075},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11446425/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:45:21.650-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":27862689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36986075,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986075/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986075/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986075/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx?1426459495=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCOLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=AtNSIaDpz6jXEqpy17cWpO8kLKD6n4yvIoK-E71BWhF1ZTR4D91-gnlkoOZ4puBbcrGGXRnz5DhjJYXxVr~UOPS57Xe0in6EmVK9GdKWGilusHuwLxS-I2r2XXu4Qkfc~IeZlF311GCc7a7vPWFWAa5ReH4zEX8qktyQ0~E~hL5Kk4vdGv~ynn5SdTVEKcE8d7pBJVVh~whcK8We61ANSb75rbNQPjG5xRr9A7Qnt3OkQd5820rHB4sucGyAv6~VNxL-dxsFUD4YtlpujS58wTf3ktw-7aPucTmEerHwxDMGYi-sIbeSvIEK5oERPtL0VxX38p0rLNztfP9wd4VEjQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":27862689,"first_name":"Oluwakemi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Olurinola","page_name":"OluwakemiOlurinola","domain_name":"oou-ng","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:30:03.872-07:00","display_name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola"},"attachments":[{"id":36986075,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986075/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986075/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986075/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx?1426459495=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCOLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=AtNSIaDpz6jXEqpy17cWpO8kLKD6n4yvIoK-E71BWhF1ZTR4D91-gnlkoOZ4puBbcrGGXRnz5DhjJYXxVr~UOPS57Xe0in6EmVK9GdKWGilusHuwLxS-I2r2XXu4Qkfc~IeZlF311GCc7a7vPWFWAa5ReH4zEX8qktyQ0~E~hL5Kk4vdGv~ynn5SdTVEKcE8d7pBJVVh~whcK8We61ANSb75rbNQPjG5xRr9A7Qnt3OkQd5820rHB4sucGyAv6~VNxL-dxsFUD4YtlpujS58wTf3ktw-7aPucTmEerHwxDMGYi-sIbeSvIEK5oERPtL0VxX38p0rLNztfP9wd4VEjQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2732863" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="24376662"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/24376662/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44707900/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/24376662/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences">Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and most effectively support students with different learning styles. The basis for the use of multimedia is the assumption that when the user interacts within these various methods they learn more meaningfully. The fundamental principle behind multimedia learning is best described by Mayer (2005) “People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone”. This study seeks to provide a framework for multimedia-enhanced education in the curriculum. The multimedia learning tools used in this study was PowerPoint and Multiple Mouse Mischief. The framework for the study was built on what high-end multimedia presentation currently facilitates: presenting course materials in; text, graphics, photographs and animation (visual), audio and discussion (aural), with follow-up point-and-click or drag-and-drop exercises (Kinaesthetic).  The study set out to examine how learning styles interact with the presentation media to influence the learning outcomes of the students. The findings revealed no significant main effect of learning style on the students’ achievement scores. However, the result of the multiple classification analysis (MCA) on learning style showed that the kinaesthetic learners recorded the highest adjusted post-test mean achievement score. It was concluded that interactive multimedia presentation can facilitate diverse learning styles and although there are claims about the benefits of multimedia presentations but the reality is that the instructional technologies are only tools and should be applied with careful regard to the complex nature of human information processing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9686d0adcdd3be561e32049e612450ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44707900,"asset_id":24376662,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44707900/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24376662"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24376662"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24376662; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24376662]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24376662]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24376662; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='24376662']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24376662, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9686d0adcdd3be561e32049e612450ba" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=24376662]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":24376662,"title":"Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and most effectively support students with different learning styles. The basis for the use of multimedia is the assumption that when the user interacts within these various methods they learn more meaningfully. The fundamental principle behind multimedia learning is best described by Mayer (2005) “People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone”. This study seeks to provide a framework for multimedia-enhanced education in the curriculum. The multimedia learning tools used in this study was PowerPoint and Multiple Mouse Mischief. The framework for the study was built on what high-end multimedia presentation currently facilitates: presenting course materials in; text, graphics, photographs and animation (visual), audio and discussion (aural), with follow-up point-and-click or drag-and-drop exercises (Kinaesthetic). The study set out to examine how learning styles interact with the presentation media to influence the learning outcomes of the students. The findings revealed no significant main effect of learning style on the students’ achievement scores. However, the result of the multiple classification analysis (MCA) on learning style showed that the kinaesthetic learners recorded the highest adjusted post-test mean achievement score. It was concluded that interactive multimedia presentation can facilitate diverse learning styles and although there are claims about the benefits of multimedia presentations but the reality is that the instructional technologies are only tools and should be applied with careful regard to the complex nature of human information processing.\n\n"},"translated_abstract":"Multimedia learning offers a significant opportunity to reach the greatest number of students and most effectively support students with different learning styles. The basis for the use of multimedia is the assumption that when the user interacts within these various methods they learn more meaningfully. The fundamental principle behind multimedia learning is best described by Mayer (2005) “People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone”. This study seeks to provide a framework for multimedia-enhanced education in the curriculum. The multimedia learning tools used in this study was PowerPoint and Multiple Mouse Mischief. The framework for the study was built on what high-end multimedia presentation currently facilitates: presenting course materials in; text, graphics, photographs and animation (visual), audio and discussion (aural), with follow-up point-and-click or drag-and-drop exercises (Kinaesthetic). The study set out to examine how learning styles interact with the presentation media to influence the learning outcomes of the students. The findings revealed no significant main effect of learning style on the students’ achievement scores. However, the result of the multiple classification analysis (MCA) on learning style showed that the kinaesthetic learners recorded the highest adjusted post-test mean achievement score. It was concluded that interactive multimedia presentation can facilitate diverse learning styles and although there are claims about the benefits of multimedia presentations but the reality is that the instructional technologies are only tools and should be applied with careful regard to the complex nature of human information processing.\n\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24376662/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-04-13T14:46:02.546-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":27862689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":19084899,"work_id":24376662,"tagging_user_id":27862689,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":4341144,"email":"2***4@gmail.com","display_order":0,"name":"Omoniyi Tayo","title":"Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences"},{"id":19084900,"work_id":24376662,"tagging_user_id":27862689,"tagged_user_id":52443648,"co_author_invite_id":4341145,"email":"k***a@gmail.com","display_order":4194304,"name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","title":"Educational Multimedia and Learning Style Preferences"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44707900,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44707900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44707900/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44707900/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx?1460583168=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=fr2hB1dpsRoJ95SAIO44f2nF4q7DlLrThp76-lGB-qi0kpPxjYojnreqSa3Ffcuc3ge6Nq5FkS~bRfnroUzlPC~~3ir82j7~WT2b~8Z5QxBSmD~Ig6rBg9akZABm0q77sTjF3EmvCgoZhTU-6Q0cRyfLcdX4qrFxS7vhv430fa3-CL6ynONnBSNcv1iAOwyKk~Kz4XpxLtftr5rpFs4tCPHfdLEPB9WOKHwhv4YiW7SKERJ~I2pFdcUqRzQG6U7uxIUXTRjW-J~PAtVRoGCN6HyA~XgOP4jSpICXUlBPjjTdTLQZN0HccVJEpfO~px0sTMw8ZW091Ka~iH8S5qLauA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":27862689,"first_name":"Oluwakemi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Olurinola","page_name":"OluwakemiOlurinola","domain_name":"oou-ng","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:30:03.872-07:00","display_name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola"},"attachments":[{"id":44707900,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44707900/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44707900/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44707900/Educational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Style_Preferences.docx?1460583168=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEducational_Multimedia_and_Learning_Styl.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=fr2hB1dpsRoJ95SAIO44f2nF4q7DlLrThp76-lGB-qi0kpPxjYojnreqSa3Ffcuc3ge6Nq5FkS~bRfnroUzlPC~~3ir82j7~WT2b~8Z5QxBSmD~Ig6rBg9akZABm0q77sTjF3EmvCgoZhTU-6Q0cRyfLcdX4qrFxS7vhv430fa3-CL6ynONnBSNcv1iAOwyKk~Kz4XpxLtftr5rpFs4tCPHfdLEPB9WOKHwhv4YiW7SKERJ~I2pFdcUqRzQG6U7uxIUXTRjW-J~PAtVRoGCN6HyA~XgOP4jSpICXUlBPjjTdTLQZN0HccVJEpfO~px0sTMw8ZW091Ka~iH8S5qLauA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11447012"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11447012/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of UTILIZATION OF ICT FOR TEACHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE NIGERIAN TEACHERS’ CHALLENGE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986406/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11447012/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE">UTILIZATION OF ICT FOR TEACHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE NIGERIAN TEACHERS’ CHALLENGE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceed...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceeding rapid pace, therefore teachers face a growing challenge  to use technology that is evolving everyday to a teach a very “wired” and equally “wireless” generation of students . This paper defines 21st century students and teachers, and presents the challenges educators face as these students and their accompanying technology cross the classroom threshold. The paper then argues that ICT is an integral part of the modern society and analyses the characteristics of the 21st century that make it imperative for Nigerian teachers to appreciate and use information and communications technology. Therefore, Nigerian teachers are obliged to embrace ICT if they are to be relevant internationally. This paper also presents solutions to help teachers effectively meet the needs of these students while preparing them for the 21st century workforce.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="995749cf91c5f695882672baaef859bf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36986406,"asset_id":11447012,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986406/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11447012"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11447012"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11447012; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11447012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11447012]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11447012; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11447012']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11447012, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "995749cf91c5f695882672baaef859bf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11447012]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11447012,"title":"UTILIZATION OF ICT FOR TEACHING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE NIGERIAN TEACHERS’ CHALLENGE","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceeding rapid pace, therefore teachers face a growing challenge to use technology that is evolving everyday to a teach a very “wired” and equally “wireless” generation of students . This paper defines 21st century students and teachers, and presents the challenges educators face as these students and their accompanying technology cross the classroom threshold. The paper then argues that ICT is an integral part of the modern society and analyses the characteristics of the 21st century that make it imperative for Nigerian teachers to appreciate and use information and communications technology. Therefore, Nigerian teachers are obliged to embrace ICT if they are to be relevant internationally. This paper also presents solutions to help teachers effectively meet the needs of these students while preparing them for the 21st century workforce. "},"translated_abstract":"Today, information and communication technologies (ICTs) infiltrate classrooms today at an exceeding rapid pace, therefore teachers face a growing challenge to use technology that is evolving everyday to a teach a very “wired” and equally “wireless” generation of students . This paper defines 21st century students and teachers, and presents the challenges educators face as these students and their accompanying technology cross the classroom threshold. The paper then argues that ICT is an integral part of the modern society and analyses the characteristics of the 21st century that make it imperative for Nigerian teachers to appreciate and use information and communications technology. Therefore, Nigerian teachers are obliged to embrace ICT if they are to be relevant internationally. This paper also presents solutions to help teachers effectively meet the needs of these students while preparing them for the 21st century workforce. ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11447012/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-15T16:40:57.426-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":27862689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36986406,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986406/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986406/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986406/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc?1426462528=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=RsSjeayW3BQyt5J98YsLn1bvBxvQvR2TCJtIq8zQgLIdDolf5-p50c-aA6J68WVyNjDpIVxMGyE6~2FT-~bzxfENzriYfsrqEcOjyoU2QJkVa3wrbBsxK8yM9XmaoVcncey7FjkyGSdHJEArzDJiOOx-iB8s8F70iP0eUo7RqnCt1g37qHkLfHiR0Uu8YJXQqIwcGc3azJSzBrwOYmBn0jjgBCenNvEt74keEsCz-ps57B1-sx3tQ2aaQTwP0Rpo~5M0tZeT3YReFwQI6mA~t0rkTObEkWFjkOjEcRrYMYp9Pg9GHXhVG2GzjIw0JaJydNE263Xl5FlqTcswAKDo6w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_NIGERIAN_TEACHERS_CHALLENGE","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":27862689,"first_name":"Oluwakemi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Olurinola","page_name":"OluwakemiOlurinola","domain_name":"oou-ng","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:30:03.872-07:00","display_name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola"},"attachments":[{"id":36986406,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986406/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986406/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986406/UTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY.doc?1426462528=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUTILIZATION_OF_ICT_FOR_TEACHING_IN_THE_2.doc\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=RsSjeayW3BQyt5J98YsLn1bvBxvQvR2TCJtIq8zQgLIdDolf5-p50c-aA6J68WVyNjDpIVxMGyE6~2FT-~bzxfENzriYfsrqEcOjyoU2QJkVa3wrbBsxK8yM9XmaoVcncey7FjkyGSdHJEArzDJiOOx-iB8s8F70iP0eUo7RqnCt1g37qHkLfHiR0Uu8YJXQqIwcGc3azJSzBrwOYmBn0jjgBCenNvEt74keEsCz-ps57B1-sx3tQ2aaQTwP0Rpo~5M0tZeT3YReFwQI6mA~t0rkTObEkWFjkOjEcRrYMYp9Pg9GHXhVG2GzjIw0JaJydNE263Xl5FlqTcswAKDo6w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education"},{"id":13545,"name":"Teacher Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Training"},{"id":17773,"name":"Teachers' professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teachers_professional_development-1"},{"id":33784,"name":"ICT in Teachers Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_in_Teachers_Education"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="11446425"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/11446425/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of COLOUR IN LEARNING: IT'S EFFECT ON THE RETENTION RATE OF GRADUATE STUDENTS" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986075/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/11446425/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS">COLOUR IN LEARNING: IT'S EFFECT ON THE RETENTION RATE OF GRADUATE STUDENTS</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71b1e545687cde46b749d1f27485f01e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36986075,"asset_id":11446425,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986075/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="11446425"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11446425"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11446425; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11446425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11446425]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11446425; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='11446425']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11446425, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "71b1e545687cde46b749d1f27485f01e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=11446425]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":11446425,"title":"COLOUR IN LEARNING: IT'S EFFECT ON THE RETENTION RATE OF GRADUATE STUDENTS","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Cognitive psychologists have discovered different design principles to enhance memory performance. It has been said that retrieving process depends on many variables and one of them is colour. This paper provides an overview of research on colour and learning. It includes the effect of colour on attention, retention and memory performance, and relates these to the design of instructional materials. The study reported the effect colour had on the retention rate of graduate students of the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye. Thirty graduate students participated in this study. The purpose of this research study was to determine if colour (in prints form) influence the learning process. The independent variable was colour at two levels: Congruent colours (colours corresponding to the words) and Incongruent colours (colours not related to the words), while for the control, Achromatic colours (black and shades of grey) were used. The dependent variable was the retention rate i.e. number of words recalled. The research design was a posttest only design. A one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data and the results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the number of words recalled based on colour. The groups exposed to congruent colours and achromatic colours performed better than those exposed to incongruent colours, although the group exposed to the congruent colour prints performed better than those of the other groups. Therefore designers of instructional materials need to use colour wisely by paying attention to the effect of colour on learning.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":36986075},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11446425/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:45:21.650-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":27862689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36986075,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986075/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986075/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986075/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx?1426459495=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCOLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=AtNSIaDpz6jXEqpy17cWpO8kLKD6n4yvIoK-E71BWhF1ZTR4D91-gnlkoOZ4puBbcrGGXRnz5DhjJYXxVr~UOPS57Xe0in6EmVK9GdKWGilusHuwLxS-I2r2XXu4Qkfc~IeZlF311GCc7a7vPWFWAa5ReH4zEX8qktyQ0~E~hL5Kk4vdGv~ynn5SdTVEKcE8d7pBJVVh~whcK8We61ANSb75rbNQPjG5xRr9A7Qnt3OkQd5820rHB4sucGyAv6~VNxL-dxsFUD4YtlpujS58wTf3ktw-7aPucTmEerHwxDMGYi-sIbeSvIEK5oERPtL0VxX38p0rLNztfP9wd4VEjQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":27862689,"first_name":"Oluwakemi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Olurinola","page_name":"OluwakemiOlurinola","domain_name":"oou-ng","created_at":"2015-03-15T15:30:03.872-07:00","display_name":"Oluwakemi Olurinola","url":"https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola"},"attachments":[{"id":36986075,"title":"","file_type":"docx","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36986075/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36986075/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3NDk1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36986075/COLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RETENTION_RATE_OF_GRADUATE_STUDENTS.docx?1426459495=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCOLOUR_IN_LEARNING_ITS_EFFECT_ON_THE_RET.docx\u0026Expires=1732472343\u0026Signature=AtNSIaDpz6jXEqpy17cWpO8kLKD6n4yvIoK-E71BWhF1ZTR4D91-gnlkoOZ4puBbcrGGXRnz5DhjJYXxVr~UOPS57Xe0in6EmVK9GdKWGilusHuwLxS-I2r2XXu4Qkfc~IeZlF311GCc7a7vPWFWAa5ReH4zEX8qktyQ0~E~hL5Kk4vdGv~ynn5SdTVEKcE8d7pBJVVh~whcK8We61ANSb75rbNQPjG5xRr9A7Qnt3OkQd5820rHB4sucGyAv6~VNxL-dxsFUD4YtlpujS58wTf3ktw-7aPucTmEerHwxDMGYi-sIbeSvIEK5oERPtL0VxX38p0rLNztfP9wd4VEjQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "57c59d122b6770c364f6002fa0bfe05bd1574f42ac128ac26845e15304b58a0e", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="Cb2SETIMznaIxQlUvXjDcdv8NzIDi+y3V3XEhuxsdgCvE8tpIz6nA2mW2tI+u2UmPEEzV/qaj4wyi3qqF4A1EQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://oou-ng.academia.edu/OluwakemiOlurinola" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="k3BNEHeVCadSjF5a3lZvHtlit4c7uuSDkKKpxXGXVwk13hRoZqdg0rPfjdxdlclJPt+z4sKrh7j1XBfpinsUGA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>