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id="toc-Early_history_and_founding_(750–1386)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_and_founding_(750–1386)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history and founding (750–1386)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_and_founding_(750–1386)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_city_to_city-state_(1386–1520)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_city_to_city-state_(1386–1520)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>From city to city-state (1386–1520)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_city_to_city-state_(1386–1520)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swiss-Catholic_town_(1520–1798)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swiss-Catholic_town_(1520–1798)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Swiss-Catholic town (1520–1798)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swiss-Catholic_town_(1520–1798)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Century_of_revolutions_(1798–1914)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Century_of_revolutions_(1798–1914)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Century of revolutions (1798–1914)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Century_of_revolutions_(1798–1914)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1993_great_fire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993_great_fire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1993 great fire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1993_great_fire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merge_with_Littau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merge_with_Littau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Merge with Littau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merge_with_Littau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and climate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>National elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>National Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Twin towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lucerne_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lucerne_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Lucerne in art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lucerne_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lucerne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 99 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لوسرن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوسرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luts%C3%A8rna" title="Lutsèrna – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lutsèrna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCtsern" title="Lütsern – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lütsern" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ار، سوئیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ار، سوئیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="লুসার্ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুসার্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцэрн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Люцэрн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Люцэрн (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Люцэрн (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцерн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Люцерн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ལུ་ཛེར་ན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལུ་ཛེར་ན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцерн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Люцерн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(kapital_sa_kanton)" title="Luzern (kapital sa kanton) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Luzern (kapital sa kanton)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucern" title="Lucern – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lucern" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne_(dinas)" title="Lucerne (dinas) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lucerne (dinas)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Λουκέρνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουκέρνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna_(ciudad)" title="Lucerna (ciudad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lucerna (ciudad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerno" title="Lucerno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lucerno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzerna" title="Luzerna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luzerna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لوسرن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوسرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%B2%B4%EB%A5%B8" title="루체른 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루체른" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6" title="Լյուցեռն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյուցեռն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="लूसर्न – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लूसर्न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцерн – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Люцерн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="לוצרן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוצרן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Lucerne" title="Canton Lucerne – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Canton Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლუცერნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუცერნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцерн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Люцерн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna_(Helvetia)" title="Lucerna (Helvetia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lucerna (Helvetia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna_(pils%C4%93ta)" title="Lucerna (pilsēta) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lucerna (pilsēta)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liucerna_(%C5%A0veicarija)" title="Liucerna (Šveicarija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liucerna (Šveicarija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCzerna" title="Lüzerna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lüzerna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="लुत्सर्न – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुत्सर्न" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლუცერნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლუცერნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لوسرن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لوسرن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern_(stad)" title="Luzern (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luzern (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3" title="ルツェルン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルツェルン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Луьцерн – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Луьцерн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc%C3%A8rna" title="Lucèrna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lucèrna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لوزرن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوزرن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцерн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Люцерн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerni" title="Lucerni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lucerni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lucerna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Луцерн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луцерн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="லூசெர்ன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லூசெர்ன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцерн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Люцерн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99" title="ลูเซิร์น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูเซิร์น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Люцерн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Люцерн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzerna_(Sv%C3%ACsara)" title="Luzerna (Svìsara) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Luzerna (Svìsara)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzern" title="Luzern – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Luzern" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lucerne" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%A1%9E%E6%81%A9" title="卢塞恩 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢塞恩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="לוצערן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לוצערן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%89%E6%A3%AE" title="琉森 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="琉森" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%89%E6%A3%AE" title="琉森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="琉森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4191#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4191" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lucerne&params=47_3_N_8_18_E_region:CH-LU_type:city(82620)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°3′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.050°N 8.300°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.050; 8.300</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Switzerland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lucerne (disambiguation)">Lucerne (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Switzerland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lucerne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_08_24_06262_Lucerne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kapellbrücke" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2009_08_24_06262_Lucerne.jpg/330px-2009_08_24_06262_Lucerne.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2009_08_24_06262_Lucerne.jpg/500px-2009_08_24_06262_Lucerne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/2009_08_24_06262_Lucerne.jpg/960px-2009_08_24_06262_Lucerne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3590" data-file-height="2120" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucerne_Switzerland_Hotel_des_Balances_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Traditional frescoed building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lucerne_Switzerland_Hotel_des_Balances_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Lucerne_Switzerland_Hotel_des_Balances_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lucerne_Switzerland_Hotel_des_Balances_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Lucerne_Switzerland_Hotel_des_Balances_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4643" data-file-height="3130" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%B6wendenkmal_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Löwendenkmal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/L%C3%B6wendenkmal_-_panoramio.jpg/133px-L%C3%B6wendenkmal_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/L%C3%B6wendenkmal_-_panoramio.jpg/200px-L%C3%B6wendenkmal_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/L%C3%B6wendenkmal_-_panoramio.jpg/266px-L%C3%B6wendenkmal_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="719" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzern,_Stadtmauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Luzern%2C_Stadtmauer.jpg/250px-Luzern%2C_Stadtmauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzern_old_part_of_town_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="City walls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Luzern_old_part_of_town_edit.jpg/140px-Luzern_old_part_of_town_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Luzern_old_part_of_town_edit.jpg/210px-Luzern_old_part_of_town_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Luzern_old_part_of_town_edit.jpg/280px-Luzern_old_part_of_town_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Clockwise from top:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kapellbr%C3%BCcke" title="Kapellbrücke">Kapellbrücke</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6wendenkmal" class="mw-redirect" title="Löwendenkmal">Löwendenkmal</a>, Old town, City walls, Traditional frescoed building</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lucerne"><img alt="Flag of Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg/60px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg/90px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg/120px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Lucerne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lucerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Lucerne">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lucerne"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/60px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/90px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg/120px-Wappen_Luzern_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Lucerne</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_9ba1cf9b0d1099adc7db93f96a2080cb0d7f0f1b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lucerne&revid=1278970604&groups=_9ba1cf9b0d1099adc7db93f96a2080cb0d7f0f1b" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lucerne&revid=1278970604&groups=_9ba1cf9b0d1099adc7db93f96a2080cb0d7f0f1b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucerne is located in Switzerland"><img alt="Lucerne is located in Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.535%;left:51.02%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lucerne"><img alt="Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lucerne</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Switzerland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Luzern_blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucerne is located in Canton of Lucerne"><img alt="Lucerne is located in Canton of Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reliefkarte_Luzern_blank.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Luzern_blank.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reliefkarte_Luzern_blank.png/375px-Reliefkarte_Luzern_blank.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Reliefkarte_Luzern_blank.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Luzern_blank.png 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="1905" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.886%;left:59.023%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lucerne"><img alt="Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lucerne</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Canton of Lucerne</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lucerne&params=47_3_N_8_18_E_region:CH-LU_type:city(82620)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°3′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.050°N 8.300°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.050; 8.300</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Switzerland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Districts of Switzerland">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lucerne_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucerne (district)">Lucerne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="#Government">Stadtrat</a></i> <br />with 5 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor (Switzerland)">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Stadtpräsident</i><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lucerne" title="List of mayors of Lucerne"> (list)</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beat_Z%C3%BCsli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beat Züsli (page does not exist)">Beat Züsli</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SPS/PSS</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(as of 2020)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="#Parliament">Grosser Stadtrat</a></i> <br />with 48 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">37.4 km<sup>2</sup> (14.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Lake shore)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">435 m (1,427 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Sonnenberg)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">800 m (2,600 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Rotsee" title="Rotsee">Rotsee</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">422 m (1,385 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ae3316172ad6c8382acf9e7766d771decfefc3b2-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ae3316172ad6c8382acf9e7766d771decfefc3b2-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">81,691</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200/km<sup>2</sup> (5,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Luzerner(in)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Switzerland" title="Time in Switzerland">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Postal codes in Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">6000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_Identification_Number#Switzerland" title="Community Identification Number">SFOS number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1061</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-LU</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Localities</th><td class="infobox-data">Luzern, <a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surrounded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adligenswil" title="Adligenswil">Adligenswil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebikon" title="Ebikon">Ebikon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmen,_Switzerland" title="Emmen, Switzerland">Emmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horw" title="Horw">Horw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kriens" title="Kriens">Kriens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malters" title="Malters">Malters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meggen" title="Meggen">Meggen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuenkirch" title="Neuenkirch">Neuenkirch</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtluzern.ch">www<wbr />.stadtluzern<wbr />.ch</a></span> <br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lustat.ch/gd_1061">Profile</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/maps/profile/profile.html?226.1061.en.geoRefStandard">SFSO statistics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lucerne</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">English: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">loo-<span style="font-size:90%">SURN</span></i></a>) or <b>Luzern</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Swiss Standard German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-CH-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[luˈtsɛrn]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b0\/Aussprache_Luzern.ogg\/Aussprache_Luzern.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Aussprache Luzern.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Aussprache_Luzern.ogg/Aussprache_Luzern.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Aussprache_Luzern.ogg" title="File:Aussprache Luzern.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> in central <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">German-speaking portion</a> of the country. Lucerne is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">canton of Lucerne</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucerne (district)">district</a> of the same name. With a population of approximately 82,000 people,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lucerne is <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">the most populous city</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Switzerland" title="Central Switzerland">Central Switzerland</a>, and a nexus of economics, transport, culture, and media in the region. The city's <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a> consists of 19 municipalities and towns with an overall population of about 220,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzern_am_Vierwaldst%C3%A4ttersee_Luftaufnahme_2012_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Luzern_am_Vierwaldst%C3%A4ttersee_Luftaufnahme_2012_10.jpg/220px-Luzern_am_Vierwaldst%C3%A4ttersee_Luftaufnahme_2012_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Luzern_am_Vierwaldst%C3%A4ttersee_Luftaufnahme_2012_10.jpg/330px-Luzern_am_Vierwaldst%C3%A4ttersee_Luftaufnahme_2012_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Luzern_am_Vierwaldst%C3%A4ttersee_Luftaufnahme_2012_10.jpg/440px-Luzern_am_Vierwaldst%C3%A4ttersee_Luftaufnahme_2012_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Owing to its location on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Vierwaldstättersee</i>) and its outflow, the river <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a>, within sight of the mounts <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_(mountain)" title="Pilatus (mountain)">Pilatus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rigi" title="Rigi">Rigi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a>, Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists. One of the city's landmarks is the <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapel Bridge">Chapel Bridge</a> (German: <i lang="de">Kapellbrücke</i>), a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century. </p><p>The official language of Lucerne is <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the main spoken language is the local variant of the <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a> dialect, <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucerne German">Lucerne German</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_and_founding_(750–1386)"><span id="Early_history_and_founding_.28750.E2.80.931386.29"></span>Early history and founding (750–1386)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history and founding (750–1386)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Roman Empire">fall of the Roman Empire</a> beginning in the 6th century, Germanic <a href="/wiki/Alamanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamanni">Alemannic</a> peoples increased their influence on this area of present-day Switzerland. </p><p>Around 750 the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Leodegar_(Lucerne)" title="Church of St. Leodegar (Lucerne)">Benedictine Monastery of St. Leodegar</a> was founded, which was later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Murbach_Abbey" title="Murbach Abbey">Murbach Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> in the middle of the 9th century, and by this time the area had become known as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Luciaria</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origin of the name is uncertain, it is possibly derived from the Latin name of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">pike</a>, <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lucius#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:lucius">lucius</a></i>, thus designating a pike fishing spot in the river Reuss. Derivation from the theonym <i><a href="/wiki/Lugus" title="Lugus">Lugus</a></i> has been suggested but is phonetically implausible. In any case, the name was associated by popular etymology with Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lucerna</i></span> 'lantern' from an early time.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1178 Lucerne acquired its independence from the jurisdiction of Murbach Abbey, and the founding of the city proper probably occurred that same year. The city gained importance as a strategically located gateway for the growing commerce from the <a href="/wiki/St_Gotthard_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="St Gotthard Pass">Gotthard</a> trade route. </p><p>By 1290, Lucerne had become a self-sufficient city of reasonable size with about 3000 inhabitants. About this time <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph I of Germany">King Rudolph I von Habsburg</a> gained authority over the Monastery of St. Leodegar and its lands, including Lucerne. The populace was not content with the increasing <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> influence, and Lucerne allied with neighboring towns to seek independence from their rule. Along with Lucerne, the three other forest cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a> formed the "eternal" <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a>, known as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Eidgenossenschaft" title="Eidgenossenschaft">Eidgenossenschaft</a></i></span>, on November 7, 1332. </p><p>Later the cities of <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> joined the alliance. With the help of these additions, the rule of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> over the area came to an end. The issue was settled by Lucerne's victory over the Habsburgs in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sempach" title="Battle of Sempach">Battle of Sempach</a> in 1386. For Lucerne this victory ignited an era of expansion. The city shortly granted many rights to itself, rights which had been withheld by the Habsburgs until then. By this time the borders of Lucerne were approximately those of today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_city_to_city-state_(1386–1520)"><span id="From_city_to_city-state_.281386.E2.80.931520.29"></span>From city to city-state (1386–1520)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: From city to city-state (1386–1520)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1415 Lucerne gained <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsfreiheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsfreiheit">Reichsfreiheit</a></i></span> from <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Sigismund</a> and became a strong member of the Swiss confederacy. The city developed its infrastructure, raised taxes, and appointed its own local officials. The city's population of 3000 dropped about 40% due to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Plague" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Plague">Black Plague</a> and several wars around 1350. </p><p>In 1419 town records show the first witch trial against a male person. </p><p>In 1471, the law was passed to persecute the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Romani_history#Germany" title="Timeline of Romani history">Romani people</a> of Indian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swiss-Catholic_town_(1520–1798)"><span id="Swiss-Catholic_town_.281520.E2.80.931798.29"></span>Swiss-Catholic town (1520–1798)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Swiss-Catholic town (1520–1798)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merian_Luzern_1642.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Merian_Luzern_1642.jpg/250px-Merian_Luzern_1642.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Merian_Luzern_1642.jpg/330px-Merian_Luzern_1642.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Merian_Luzern_1642.jpg/500px-Merian_Luzern_1642.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3483" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption>Lucerne in 1642, by <a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Merian_the_Elder" title="Matthäus Merian the Elder">Matthäus Merian</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Among the growing towns of the confederacy, Lucerne was especially popular in attracting new residents. Remaining predominantly Catholic, Lucerne hosted its own annual <a href="/wiki/Passion_play" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion play">passion play</a> from 1453 to 1616, a two-day-long play of 12 hours performance per day.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the confederacy broke up during the <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a>, after 1520, most nearby cities became Protestant, but Lucerne remained Catholic. After the victory of the Catholics over the Protestants in the <a href="/wiki/Second_war_of_Kappel" class="mw-redirect" title="Second war of Kappel">Battle at Kappel</a> in 1531, the Catholic towns dominated the confederacy. It was during this period that <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> first came to Lucerne in 1567, with their arrival given considerable backing by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlo Borromeo">Carlo Borromeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Milan">Archbishop of Milan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region, though, was destined to be dominated by Protestant cities such as Zürich, Bern and <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, which defeated the Catholic forces in the 1712 <a href="/wiki/Toggenburg_War" title="Toggenburg War">Toggenburg War</a>. The former prominent position of Lucerne in the confederacy was lost forever. In the 16th and 17th centuries, wars and epidemics became steadily less frequent and as a result the population of the country increased strongly. </p><p>Lucerne was besieged by a peasant army and quickly signed a peace treaty with the rebels in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_peasant_war_of_1653" title="Swiss peasant war of 1653">Swiss peasant war of 1653</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Century_of_revolutions_(1798–1914)"><span id="Century_of_revolutions_.281798.E2.80.931914.29"></span>Century of revolutions (1798–1914)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Century of revolutions (1798–1914)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzern_Battle_1845.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Luzern_Battle_1845.gif/170px-Luzern_Battle_1845.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Luzern_Battle_1845.gif/255px-Luzern_Battle_1845.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Luzern_Battle_1845.gif/340px-Luzern_Battle_1845.gif 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption><i>Conflict at Lucerne</i>, Illustrated London News, 1845</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CH-NB_-_Luzern,_von_Nordwesten_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-ANONYM-B-2.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_von_Nordwesten_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-ANONYM-B-2.tif/lossy-page1-220px-CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_von_Nordwesten_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-ANONYM-B-2.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_von_Nordwesten_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-ANONYM-B-2.tif/lossy-page1-330px-CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_von_Nordwesten_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-ANONYM-B-2.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_von_Nordwesten_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-ANONYM-B-2.tif/lossy-page1-440px-CH-NB_-_Luzern%2C_von_Nordwesten_-_Collection_Gugelmann_-_GS-GUGE-ANONYM-B-2.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6157" data-file-height="4054" /></a><figcaption>Lucerne and <a href="/wiki/Rigi" title="Rigi">Rigi</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1820</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller,_1825-1894_G01_Luzern.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_G01_Luzern.JPG/220px-Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_G01_Luzern.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_G01_Luzern.JPG/330px-Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_G01_Luzern.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_G01_Luzern.JPG/440px-Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller%2C_1825-1894_G01_Luzern.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4420" data-file-height="2994" /></a><figcaption>Lucerne and <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_(mountain)" title="Pilatus (mountain)">Pilatus</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span>. Etching by <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(1825-1894)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Johann Heinrich Müller (1825-1894)">Heinrich Müller</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1798, nine years after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the French army marched into Switzerland. The <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Swiss Confederacy</a> collapsed and the government became democratic. The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> hit Lucerne rather late, and by 1860 only 1.7% of the population worked in industry, which was about a quarter of the national average at that time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, which employed about 40% of the workers, was the main form of economic output in the canton. Nevertheless, industry was attracted to the city from areas around Lucerne. From 1850 to 1913, the population quadrupled and the flow of settlers increased. In 1856 trains first linked the city to <a href="/wiki/Olten" title="Olten">Olten</a> and Basel, then Zug and Zürich in 1864 and finally to the south in 1897.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 1804 play <i><a href="/wiki/William_Tell_(play)" title="William Tell (play)">William Tell</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a> did much to establish the reputation of Lucerne and its environs.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schiller himself had not been to Lucerne, but was inspired to write the play by his wife Lotte and his friend <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>, who had both personally visited the city and its surrounding canton. Goethe had lodged in the Hirschenplatz on his route to Italy in 1779.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was during the latter part of the 19th century that Lucerne became a popular destination for artists, royalty and others to escape to. The German composer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> established a residence at <a href="/wiki/Tribschen" title="Tribschen">Tribschen</a> in 1866, where he lived and worked.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was then boosted by a visit by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> to the city in 1868, during which she went sightseeing at the <a href="/wiki/Kapellbr%C3%BCcke" title="Kapellbrücke">Kapellbrücke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lion_Monument" title="Lion Monument">Lion Monument</a> and relished speaking with local people in her native German.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucerne,_Villa_Wallis_(1870).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pension Wallis (close to Château Gütsch), where Queen Victoria stayed in 1868"><img alt="Pension Wallis (close to Château Gütsch), where Queen Victoria stayed in 1868" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lucerne%2C_Villa_Wallis_%281870%29.jpg/180px-Lucerne%2C_Villa_Wallis_%281870%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lucerne%2C_Villa_Wallis_%281870%29.jpg/270px-Lucerne%2C_Villa_Wallis_%281870%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lucerne%2C_Villa_Wallis_%281870%29.jpg/360px-Lucerne%2C_Villa_Wallis_%281870%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pension Wallis</i> (close to <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_G%C3%BCtsch" title="Château Gütsch">Château Gütsch</a>), where Queen Victoria stayed in 1868</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Queen%27s_View,_Lake_of_Lucerne,_from_the_Pension_Wallis_(The_Illustrated_London_News,_1869).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""The Queen's View, Lake of Lucerne, from the Pension Wallis by Collingwood Smith", from The Illustrated London News, 1869"><img alt=""The Queen's View, Lake of Lucerne, from the Pension Wallis by Collingwood Smith", from The Illustrated London News, 1869" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Queen%27s_View%2C_Lake_of_Lucerne%2C_from_the_Pension_Wallis_%28The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1869%29.jpg/180px-The_Queen%27s_View%2C_Lake_of_Lucerne%2C_from_the_Pension_Wallis_%28The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1869%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Queen%27s_View%2C_Lake_of_Lucerne%2C_from_the_Pension_Wallis_%28The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1869%29.jpg/270px-The_Queen%27s_View%2C_Lake_of_Lucerne%2C_from_the_Pension_Wallis_%28The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1869%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Queen%27s_View%2C_Lake_of_Lucerne%2C_from_the_Pension_Wallis_%28The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1869%29.jpg/360px-The_Queen%27s_View%2C_Lake_of_Lucerne%2C_from_the_Pension_Wallis_%28The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_1869%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"<i>The Queen's View, Lake of Lucerne, from the Pension Wallis</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Collingwood_Smith" title="William Collingwood Smith">Collingwood Smith</a>", from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_London_News" title="The Illustrated London News">The Illustrated London News</a></i>, 1869</div> </li> </ul> <p>The American writer <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> further popularised the city and its environs in his travel writings after visiting twice, in 1878 and 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1892 Swiss poet and future <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a> also established himself in Lucerne, living there until his death in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lucerne's status as a fashionable destination led to it becoming one of the first centres of modern-style tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the city's most recognisable buildings are hotels from this period, such as the Schweizerhof Hotel (1845), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_National" title="Grand Hotel National">Grand Hotel National</a> (1870), and <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_G%C3%BCtsch" title="Château Gütsch">Château Gütsch</a> (1879).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_National" title="Grand Hotel National">National</a> that Swiss hotelier <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Ritz" title="César Ritz">César Ritz</a> would establish himself as manager between 1878 and 1888. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993_great_fire">1993 great fire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1993 great fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Luzern,_%C3%9Cbersicht-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000491.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ETH-BIB-Luzern%2C_%C3%9Cbersicht-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000491.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ETH-BIB-Luzern%2C_%C3%9Cbersicht-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000491.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ETH-BIB-Luzern%2C_%C3%9Cbersicht-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000491.tif/lossy-page1-330px-ETH-BIB-Luzern%2C_%C3%9Cbersicht-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000491.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ETH-BIB-Luzern%2C_%C3%9Cbersicht-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000491.tif/lossy-page1-440px-ETH-BIB-Luzern%2C_%C3%9Cbersicht-Inlandfl%C3%BCge-LBS_MH01-000491.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5750" data-file-height="4235" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mittelholzer" title="Walter Mittelholzer">Walter Mittelholzer</a> (1919)</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1993, the <a href="/wiki/Kapellbr%C3%BCcke" title="Kapellbrücke">Kapellbrücke</a> in the centre of the city suffered from a great fire which destroyed two thirds of its interior paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge was subsequently reconstructed and reopened to the public in April 1994, after a total of CHF 3.4 million was spent on its repair.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merge_with_Littau">Merge with Littau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Merge with Littau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 17, 2007, voters of the city of Lucerne and the adjacent town of <a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a> agreed to a merger in a simultaneous <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>. This took effect on January 1, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-fusion_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fusion-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new city, still called Lucerne, has a population of around 80,000 people, making it the seventh-largest city in Switzerland. The results of this referendum are expected to pave the way for negotiations with other nearby cities and towns in an effort to create a unified city-region, based on the results of a study.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lucerne is located at the outfall of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a> into the river <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a>, which flows from south-east to north-west. The city occupies both banks of the river and the lowest reach of the lake, with the city centre straddling the river immediately downstream of the outfall. The city's suburbs climb the hills to the north-east and south-west, and stretch out along the river and lake banks, whilst the recently added area of <a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a> is to the north-west.<sup id="cite_ref-swmap_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swmap-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides this contiguous city area, the municipality also includes an <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> on the south shore of Lake Lucerne some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) away, comprising the northern slopes of the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgenstock" title="Bürgenstock">Bürgenstock</a>. This section of the municipality is entirely surrounded by the lake and by land of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Nidwalden">canton of Nidwalden</a>. It does not contain any significant settlements, but the summit of the Bürgenstock is the highest point of the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-swmap_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swmap-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality has an area of 29.1 square kilometers (11.2 sq mi). Of this area and as of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 28.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 22.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 47.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (2.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO2012_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1961 and 1990 Lucerne had an average of 138.1 days of rain per year and on average received 1,171 mm (46.1 in) of <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a>. The wettest month was June during which time Lucerne received an average of 153 mm (6.0 in) of rainfall. During this month there was rainfall for an average of 14.2 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 61 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation over 10.2 days.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> subtype for this climate is "<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_C:_Temperate/mesothermal_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Cfb</a>" (Marine West Coast Climate/<a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Lucerne, elevation 454 m (1,490 ft), (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.8<br />(2.20) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.4<br />(2.97) </td> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.5<br />(3.80) </td> <td style="background: #21FF21; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.7<br />(5.85) </td> <td style="background: #01FF01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164.5<br />(6.48) </td> <td style="background: #08FF08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.5<br />(6.52) </td> <td style="background: #01FF01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.0<br />(6.69) </td> <td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.2<br />(4.30) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.2<br />(3.47) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.9<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.4<br />(3.09) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,291.4<br />(50.84) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #1818FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(5.6) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.9<br />(18.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">132.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5C5C5C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.8 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0A0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.9 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.3 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.5 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.7 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.9 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.9 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.4 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.8 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.4 </td> <td style="background: #646464; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.4 </td> <td style="background: #474747; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0 </td> <td style="background: #BABA44; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,530 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/MeteoSwiss" title="MeteoSwiss">MeteoSwiss</a><sup id="cite_ref-MeteoSwiss_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeteoSwiss-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_der_Stadt_Luzern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Logo_der_Stadt_Luzern.svg/220px-Logo_der_Stadt_Luzern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Logo_der_Stadt_Luzern.svg/330px-Logo_der_Stadt_Luzern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Logo_der_Stadt_Luzern.svg/440px-Logo_der_Stadt_Luzern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the municipality of Lucerne</figcaption></figure> <p>The City Council (<b>Stadtrat</b>) constitutes the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> government of the city of Lucerne and operates as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegiate authority (page does not exist)">collegiate authority</a>. It is composed of five councilors (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Stadtrat/-rätin</i>), each presiding over a directorate (<i>Direktion</i>) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> (<i>Stadtpräsident</i>). In the mandate period (<i>Legislatur</i>) September 2020 – August 2024 the City Council is presided by <i>Stadtpräsident</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beat_Z%C3%BCsli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beat Züsli (page does not exist)">Beat Züsli</a>. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Grand City Council are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Lucerne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majorz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majorz (page does not exist)">Majorz</a>. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate.<sup id="cite_ref-SR_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Luzern's City Council is made up of one representative of the SP (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a>, who is also the mayor), and one each of CVP (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">Christian Democratic Party</a>), GPS (<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a>), FDP (<a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP.The Liberals</a>), and glp (<a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Liberal Party">Green Liberal Party</a>). The last regular election was held on 29 March/28 June 2020. All members have been re-elected, though two of them (Bitz Staub and Jost) only with the second round.<sup id="cite_ref-W_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>The City Council (<i>Stadtrat</i>) of Luzern<sup id="cite_ref-SR_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SR-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>City Councilor<br />(<i>Stadtrat/-rätin</i>)</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Head of Directorate (<i>Direktion</i>, since) of</th> <th>elected since </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beat_Z%C3%BCsli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beat Züsli (page does not exist)">Beat Züsli</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>SR 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> SP</td> <td>Education and Mayor's Office (<i>Bildungsdirektion/Präsidiales</i>, 2016)</td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franziska_Bitzi_Staub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franziska Bitzi Staub (page does not exist)">Franziska Bitzi Staub</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF7D00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> CVP</td> <td>Finances (<i>Finanzdirektion</i>, 2016)</td> <td>November 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Borgula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Borgula (page does not exist)">Adrian Borgula</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> GPS</td> <td>Environment and Transport (<i>Umwelt- und Verkehrsdirektion</i>, 2012/20)</td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuela_Jost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuela Jost (page does not exist)">Manuela Jost</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b4dc00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> glp</td> <td>Building and Civil Engineering (<i>Baudirektion</i>, 2012)</td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Merki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Merki (page does not exist)">Martin Merki</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0E52A0; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> FDP</td> <td>Social Services and Security (<i>Sozial- und Sicherheitsdirektion</i>, 2012/20)</td> <td>2012 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayor (<i>Stadtpräsident</i>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Michèle Bucher (FDP) is Town Chronicler (<i>Stadtschreiberin</i>) since 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">The <i>Grosse Stadtrat</i> of Luzern for the mandate period of 2020-2024</div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#E4002B;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">JUSO 2.1 (2.05%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#84B414;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">jg 2.1 (2.05%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#E4002B;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">SP 27.1 (26.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#84B414;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">GPS 12.5 (12.2%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#b4dc00;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">glp 8.3 (8.12%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#EF7D00;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">CVP 14.6 (14.3%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#0E52A0;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">FDP 18.8 (18.4%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#009F4F;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">SVP 16.7 (16.3%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#009F4F;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="SVP 16.7 (16.3%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div style="; background:#E4002B;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 13.27179928% 0%, 0 100%)" title="JUSO 2.1 (2.05%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.021turn); background:#84B414;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 13.27179928% 0%, 0 100%)" title="jg 2.1 (2.05%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E4002B;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.041turn)" title="SP 27.1 (26.5%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E4002B;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.056turn)" title="SP 27.1 (26.5%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#84B414;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.306turn)" title="GPS 12.5 (12.2%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#84B414;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.359turn)" title="GPS 12.5 (12.2%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#b4dc00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.429turn)" title="glp 8.3 (8.12%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#b4dc00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.440turn)" title="glp 8.3 (8.12%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#EF7D00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.510turn)" title="CVP 14.6 (14.3%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#EF7D00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.528turn)" title="CVP 14.6 (14.3%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#0E52A0;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.653turn)" title="FDP 18.8 (18.4%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#0E52A0;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.712turn)" title="FDP 18.8 (18.4%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>The Grand City Council (<b>Grosser Stadtrat</b>) holds <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a>. It is made up of 48 members, with elections held every four years. The Grand City Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the City Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. </p><p>The sessions of the Grand City Council are public. Unlike members of the City Council, members of the Grand City Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Luzern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Grand City Council. The parliament holds its meetings in the <i>Rathaus</i> (Town Hall) am Kornmarkt.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last regular election of the Grand City Council was held on 29 March 2020 for the mandate period (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Legislatur</i>) from September 2020 to August 2024. Currently the Grand City Council consist of 13 members of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party (SP/PS)</a> and one of its junior section, the <i>JUSO</i>, 9 <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">The Liberals (FDP/PLR)</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC)</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC)</a>, 6 <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party (GPS/PES)</a> and one of its junior section, the <i>jg of Luzern</i>, and 4 <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-W_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_elections">National elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: National elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Council">National Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: National Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_federal_election" title="2019 Swiss federal election">2019 federal election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">PS</a> which received 25.0% (-0.7) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a> (20.8%, +7.4), the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP</a> (15.0%, -4.6), the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">CVP</a> (14.1%, 0), <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP</a> (13.0%, -2.5), the <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">glp</a> (10.5%, +1.8).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the federal election a total of 25,836 votes were cast, and the <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> was 49.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2015 election for the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP</a> which received 25.8% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP</a> (19.5%), the <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP</a> (15.4%), the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">CVP</a> (14.1%), the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">GPS</a> (13.3%), and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">GLP</a> (8.9%). In the federal election, a total of 26,521 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.48%.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland">List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Twin towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lucerne is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with the following towns:<sup id="cite_ref-Lucerne_twinnings_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucerne_twinnings-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a>, United Kingdom (1981)<sup id="cite_ref-Lucerne_twinnings_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucerne_twinnings-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorset_twinnings_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorset_twinnings-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, United States (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-Lucerne_twinnings_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucerne_twinnings-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cieszyn" title="Cieszyn">Cieszyn</a>, Poland (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-Lucerne_twinnings_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucerne_twinnings-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guebwiller" title="Guebwiller">Guebwiller / Murbach</a>, France (1978)<sup id="cite_ref-Lucerne_twinnings_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucerne_twinnings-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>, Czech Republic (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-Lucerne_twinnings_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucerne_twinnings-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-Lucerne_twinnings_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucerne_twinnings-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Potsdam_twinnings_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potsdam_twinnings-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Largest groups of foreign residents 2021<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Numbers</th> <th>% of total<br />(% of foreigners) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>3,772</td> <td>4.56 (18.39) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>2,225</td> <td>2.69 (10.85) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>1,376</td> <td>1.66 (6.71) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td>866 </td> <td>1.05 (4.22) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>843</td> <td>1.02 (4.11) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>783</td> <td>0.95 (3.82) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>713</td> <td>0.86 (3.48) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>629</td> <td>0.76 (3.07) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>499 </td> <td>0.60 (2.43) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>428</td> <td>0.52 (2.09) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>365</td> <td>0.44 (1.78) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>323</td> <td>0.39 (1.57) </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1850</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,382</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1860</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,166</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1870</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,450</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,419</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1888</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">23,607</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+15.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,954</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,611</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">48,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,102</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">59,847</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,170</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,148</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">83,374</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">78,274</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">76,466</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,425</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">77,491</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,620</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Lucerne has a population (as of 31 December 2021) of 82,771<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, 20,508 or 24.78% of the population was made up of foreign nationals, of which 18.22% are from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, 3.63% from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, 1.85% from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and 0.97% from <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lustat2013Foreign_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lustat2013Foreign-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 1.2%. </p><p>Most of the population (as of 2020) speak <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (83.26%), with <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> with 7.45%, as well as <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (5.06%) and <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> (3.80%) being respectively second, third and fourth most common first languages reported. Following, there are <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> (2.81%), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (2.53%), <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> (2.25%) and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (2.11%) language speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The age distribution in Lucerne is (as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>); 12,916 people or 15.7% of the population is 0–19 years old. 26,381 people or 33.8% are 20–39 years old, and 25,863 people or 32.1% are 40–64 years old. The senior population distribution is 10,530 people or 13.1% are 65–79 years old, 4,208 or 5.2% are 80–89 years old and 900 people or 1.1% of the population are 90+ years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Lustat2013Prozent_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lustat2013Prozent-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Lucerne about 73.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary" title="Education in Switzerland">upper secondary education</a> or additional higher education (either university or a <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>). </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there are 30,586 households, of which 15,452 households (or about 50.5%) contain only a single individual. 853 or about 2.8% are large households, with at least five members.<sup id="cite_ref-LUSTAT_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUSTAT-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there were 5,707 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 4,050 were built only as housing, and 1,657 were <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed use</a> buildings. There were 1,152 single family homes, 348 double family homes, and 2,550 multi-family homes in the municipality. Most homes were either two (787) or three (1,468) story structures. There were only 74 single story buildings and 1,721 four or more story buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-LUSTAT_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUSTAT-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city grew up around Sankt Leodegar Abbey, founded in AD 840, and remained strongly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> into the 21st century. By 1850, 96.9% of the population was Catholic, in 1900 it was 81.9% and in 1950 it was still 72.3%. In the 2000 census<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the religious membership of Lucerne was: 35,682 (60%) Roman Catholic, 9,227 (15.5%) Protestant, with an additional 1,979 (3.33%) who were of some other Christian denominations; 1,824 individuals (3.07% of the population) Muslim; 196 individuals (0.33% of the population) Jewish. Of the remainder, 1,073 (1.8%) individuals were another religion; 6,310 (10.61%) stated they do not belong to any organized religion; and 3,205 (5.39%) did not answer the question.<sup id="cite_ref-LUSTAT_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUSTAT-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of  2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were a total of 77,641 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 166 people worked in 53 businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary economic sector</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> employed 7,326 workers in 666 separate businesses. Finally, the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a> provided 70,149 jobs in 6,929 businesses. In 2013 a total of 11.0% of the population received social assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO2016_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO2016-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 51.7% of the population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, women made up 47.9% of the workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-LUSTAT_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUSTAT-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lucerne is home to a number of major Swiss companies, including <a href="/wiki/AlpTransit_Gotthard_rail_link" class="mw-redirect" title="AlpTransit Gotthard rail link">AlpTransit Gotthard rail link</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schindler_Group" title="Schindler Group">Schindler Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronoswiss" title="Chronoswiss">Chronoswiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmi_AG" title="Emmi AG">Emmi</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Luzerner_Kantonalbank" title="Luzerner Kantonalbank">Luzerner Kantonalbank</a>. <a href="/wiki/Suva_(insurer)" title="Suva (insurer)">Suva</a>, one of Switzerland's oldest accident insurance companies, is also based in Lucerne, as is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lucerne" title="University of Lucerne">University of Lucerne</a>, the youngest of Switzerland's traditional universities. An international company is the <a href="/wiki/EF_Education_First" title="EF Education First">EF Education First</a>. </p><p>Thanks to its continuous tax-cutting policies, Lucerne has become Switzerland's most business-friendly canton. As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Lucerne offers Switzerland's lowest corporate tax rate at cantonal level.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, Lucerne also offers very moderate personal income tax rates. In a recent published study of BAK Basel Economics taxation index 2012, Lucerne made it to the 4th place with an only marginally 2% higher tax rate compared to the top canton in this comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the first export oriented branches was the production of <a href="/wiki/Scythe" title="Scythe">scythes</a> from the 14th century onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lucerne imported iron and steel and the cities blacksmiths produced scythes which were exported to western Switzerland and northern Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The workshops of the blacksmiths were located in the outskirts of the city due to fire concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The workshops at the Krienbach creek included hammers moved by watermills.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights">Sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucerne,_Switzerland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lucerne%2C_Switzerland.jpg/220px-Lucerne%2C_Switzerland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lucerne%2C_Switzerland.jpg/330px-Lucerne%2C_Switzerland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lucerne%2C_Switzerland.jpg/440px-Lucerne%2C_Switzerland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Chapel Bridge and Jesuit Church St. Francis Cavier on the Reuss</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the city straddles the <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a> where it drains the lake, it has a number of bridges. These include the Chapel Bridge (<i><a href="/wiki/Kapellbr%C3%BCcke" title="Kapellbrücke">Kapellbrücke</a></i>), a 204 m (669 ft) long wooden covered bridge originally built in 1333, the oldest covered bridge in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, although much of it had to be replaced after a fire on 18 August 1993, allegedly caused by a discarded cigarette. Partway across, the bridge runs by the octagonal Water Tower (<i>Wasserturm</i>), a fortification from the 13th century. Inside the bridge are a series of paintings from the 17th century depicting events from Lucerne's history. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucerne_city,_lake_and_mountains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Lucerne_city%2C_lake_and_mountains.jpg/220px-Lucerne_city%2C_lake_and_mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Lucerne_city%2C_lake_and_mountains.jpg/330px-Lucerne_city%2C_lake_and_mountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Lucerne_city%2C_lake_and_mountains.jpg/440px-Lucerne_city%2C_lake_and_mountains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Lucerne city, lake and mountains view from the tower</figcaption></figure> <p>Downriver, between the Kasernenplatz and the Mühlenplatz, the <a href="/wiki/Spreuer_Bridge" title="Spreuer Bridge">Spreuer Bridge</a> (<i>Spreuerbrücke</i> or <i>Mühlenbrücke</i>, Mill Bridge) zigzags across the Reuss. Constructed in 1408, it features a series of medieval-style 17th century plague paintings by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaspar_Meglinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaspar Meglinger (page does not exist)">Kaspar Meglinger</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspar_Meglinger" class="extiw" title="de:Kaspar Meglinger">de</a>) titled <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_Death" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance of Death">Dance of Death</a></i> (<i>Totentanzzyklus</i>). The bridge has a small chapel in the middle that was added in 1568. </p><p>Old Town Lucerne is mainly located just north of the Reuss, and still has several fine <a href="/wiki/Half-timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timber">half-timber</a> structures with painted fronts. Remnants of the old town walls exist on the hill above Lucerne, complete with eight tall watch towers. An additional gated tower sits at the base of the hill on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Reuss_(river)" title="Reuss (river)">Reuss</a>. </p><p>The twin needle towers of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Leodegar_(Lucerne)" title="Church of St. Leodegar (Lucerne)">Church of St. Leodegar</a>, which was named after the city's patron saint, sit on a small hill just above the lake front. Originally built in 735, the present structure was erected in 1633 in the late <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> style. However, the towers are surviving remnants of an earlier structure. The interior is richly decorated. The church is popularly called the <i>Hofkirche</i> (in German) and is known locally as the <i>Hofchile</i> (in Swiss-German). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bertel_Thorvaldsen" title="Bertel Thorvaldsen">Bertel Thorvaldsen</a>'s carving of a dying lion (the <i><a href="/wiki/Lion_Monument" title="Lion Monument">Lion Monument</a></i>, or <i>Löwendenkmal</i>) is found in a small park just off the Löwenplatz. The carving commemorates the hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guards" title="Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a> who were <a href="/wiki/10_August_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="10 August (French Revolution)">massacred in 1792</a> during the French Revolution, when an armed mob stormed the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Museum_of_Transport" title="Swiss Museum of Transport">Swiss Museum of Transport</a> is a large and comprehensive museum exhibiting all forms of transport, including <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>. It is to be found beside the lake in the northern-eastern section of the city. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Culture_and_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture and Convention Center">Culture and Convention Center</a> (KKL) beside the lake in the center of the city was designed by <a href="/wiki/Nouvel_Jean" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouvel Jean">Jean Nouvel</a>. The center has one of the world's leading concert halls, with acoustics by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Johnson_(architect)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell Johnson (architect) (page does not exist)">Russell Johnson</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner_Museum,_Lucerne" title="Richard Wagner Museum, Lucerne">Richard Wagner Museum</a> is found on the lake at <a href="/wiki/Tribschen" title="Tribschen">Tribschen</a> and is dedicated to the composer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wagner lived in Lucerne from 1866 to 1872 and his former villa now hosts the museum dedicated to him.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_events">Culture and events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucerne_reflections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lucerne_reflections.jpg/250px-Lucerne_reflections.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lucerne_reflections.jpg/330px-Lucerne_reflections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lucerne_reflections.jpg/500px-Lucerne_reflections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Culture_and_Congress_Centre" title="Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre">Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre</a> at night</figcaption></figure> <p>Since plans for the new culture and convention centre arose in the late 1980s, Lucerne has found a balance between the so-called established culture and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_culture" title="Alternative culture">alternative culture</a>. A consensus was reached that culminated in a culture compromise (Kulturkompromiss). The established culture comprises the <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Culture_and_Congress_Centre" title="Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre">Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre</a> (KKL), the city theater (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luzerner_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luzerner Theater (page does not exist)">Luzerner Theater</a>) and, in a broader sense, smaller establishments such as the Kleintheater, founded by <a href="/wiki/Comedian" title="Comedian">comedian</a> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Steinberger_(actor)" title="Emil Steinberger (actor)">Emil Steinberger</a>, a Lucerne native, or Stadtkeller, a music restaurant in the city's old town. KKL houses a concert hall as well as the Museum of Art Lucerne (<a href="/wiki/Kunstmuseum_Luzern" title="Kunstmuseum Luzern">Kunstmuseum Luzern</a>). </p><p>Alternative culture took place mostly on the premises of a former tube factory, which became known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boa_(Lucerne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boa (Lucerne) (page does not exist)">Boa</a>. Other localities for alternative culture have since emerged in the same inner city area as Boa. Initially, Boa staged various plays, but concerts became more and more common; this new use of the building clashed with the development of <a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">apartment</a> buildings on nearby lots of land. Due to possible noise pollution, Boa was closed and a replacement in a less heavily inhabited area is currently under construction. Critics claimed though that the new establishment would not meet the requirements for an alternative culture. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCdpol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Südpol (page does not exist)">Südpol</a> is a center for performing arts in Lucerne presenting music-, dance- and theatre-events. The house at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_(mountain)" title="Pilatus (mountain)">Pilatus</a> opened in November 2008. </p><p>Lucerne is home to the <a href="/wiki/Luzerner_Sinfonieorchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Luzerner Sinfonieorchester">Luzerner Sinfonieorchester</a>, a category A <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphonic orchestra">symphonic orchestra</a>, and to the <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Symphony" title="21st Century Symphony">21st Century Symphony Orchestra</a>, and they both hold most of their performances in the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre. </p><p>Lucerne is also home to Keramikkonzerte, a series of classical <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber music</a> concerts held throughout each year,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Zaubersee, a festival dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Russian_classical_music" title="Russian classical music">Russian classical music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 27, 2024 faith leaders from the Catholic Church of the City of Lucerne and researchers from the <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_University_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts">Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts</a> jointly released a report detailing findings from the experimental "Deus in Machina" exhibit that ran for two months.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhibit's purpose was to explore the intersection between faith and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI). The exhibit was found in a confessional booth within the Peter's chapel of the historic St. Peters-Kapelle, an 18th-century church.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhibit consisted of an avatar <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> who would have faith-based discussions with people via the use of <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">Open AI</a>'s large language model, GPT-4o. The report details findings from a total of 900 conversations that visitors to the chapel had with the exhibit, and subsequent exit surveys. The exhibit attracted reverent individuals of all kinds of faith communities from Catholics to Buddhists. The project was led by the chapel's theologian, Marco Schmid. The public's reception of the exhibit was quite varied with praises from some and accusations of blasphemy by others.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lucerne_in_art">Lucerne in art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lucerne in art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 238.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 236.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(Barcelona)_Lucerne_from_the_Walls,_Sample_Study_-_William_Turner_-_Tate_Britain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucerne from the Walls William Turner, 1841 Tate Britain"><img alt="Lucerne from the Walls William Turner, 1841 Tate Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%28Barcelona%29_Lucerne_from_the_Walls%2C_Sample_Study_-_William_Turner_-_Tate_Britain.jpg/355px-%28Barcelona%29_Lucerne_from_the_Walls%2C_Sample_Study_-_William_Turner_-_Tate_Britain.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%28Barcelona%29_Lucerne_from_the_Walls%2C_Sample_Study_-_William_Turner_-_Tate_Britain.jpg/532px-%28Barcelona%29_Lucerne_from_the_Walls%2C_Sample_Study_-_William_Turner_-_Tate_Britain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/%28Barcelona%29_Lucerne_from_the_Walls%2C_Sample_Study_-_William_Turner_-_Tate_Britain.jpg/709px-%28Barcelona%29_Lucerne_from_the_Walls%2C_Sample_Study_-_William_Turner_-_Tate_Britain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5731" data-file-height="4363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i>Lucerne from the Walls</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Mallord William Turner">William Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 290.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 288.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Lucerne_from_the_Lake_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucerne from the Lake William Turner, 1845 Morgan Library, New York City"><img alt="Lucerne from the Lake William Turner, 1845 Morgan Library, New York City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Lucerne_from_the_Lake_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/433px-Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Lucerne_from_the_Lake_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="289" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Lucerne_from_the_Lake_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/649px-Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Lucerne_from_the_Lake_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Lucerne_from_the_Lake_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/865px-Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner_-_Lucerne_from_the_Lake_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i>Lucerne from the Lake</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Mallord William Turner">William Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Library and Museum">Morgan Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzerner_Fasnacht_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Luzerner_Fasnacht_2009.JPG/220px-Luzerner_Fasnacht_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Luzerner_Fasnacht_2009.JPG/330px-Luzerner_Fasnacht_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Luzerner_Fasnacht_2009.JPG/440px-Luzerner_Fasnacht_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Lucerne Fasnacht</figcaption></figure> <p>Every year, towards the end of winter, <i><a href="/wiki/Fasnacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasnacht">Fasnacht</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a>) breaks out in the streets, alleyways and squares of the old town. This is a glittering outdoor party, where chaos and merriness reign, and nothing is as it normally is. Strange characters in fantastic masks and costumes make their way through the alleyways, while <i>Guggenmusiken</i> (carnival bands) blow their instruments in joyful cacophony and thousands of bizarrely clad people sing and dance away the winter. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne_Fasnacht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucerne Fasnacht (page does not exist)">Lucerne Fasnacht</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzerner_Fasnacht" class="extiw" title="de:Luzerner Fasnacht">de</a>]</span>, based on religious, Catholic backgrounds, starts every year on the Thursday before <i>Aschermittwoch</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a>) at 5 am with a detonation called <i>Urknall</i> (Big Bang), the signal to begin the <i>Tagwache</i> (wake-up procession).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are big parades in the afternoon on <i>Schmotzige Donnerstag</i> (literally: <a href="/wiki/Fat_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat Tuesday">Lardy Thursday</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the following Monday, called <i>Güdismontag</i> (literally: <a href="/wiki/Shrove_Monday" title="Shrove Monday">Paunch Monday</a>), which attract tens of thousands of people. Lucerne's Carnival ends with a crowning finish on <i>Güdisdienstag</i> (literally: <a href="/wiki/Fat_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat Tuesday">Paunch Tuesday</a>) evening with the <i>Monstercorso</i>, a tremendous parade of <i>Guggenmusiken</i>, lights and lanterns with even a larger audience. Rather recently a fourth Fasnacht day has been introduced on the Saturday between the other Fasnacht days, the <i>Rüüdige Samstag</i> while mainly several indoor balls take place. From dusk till dawn on the evenings of <i>Schmotzige Donnerstag</i>, <i>Güdismontag</i>, and after the <i>Monstercorso</i> many bands wander through the historical part of the city playing typical Fasnacht tunes. Until midnight, the historical part of the city usually is packed with people participating. A large part of the audience are also dressed up in costumes, even a majority in the evenings. </p><p>The city hosts various renowned festivals throughout the year. The <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Festival" title="Lucerne Festival">Lucerne Festival</a> for classical music takes place in the summer. Its orchestra, the <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Festival_Orchestra" title="Lucerne Festival Orchestra">Lucerne Festival Orchestra</a>, is hand-picked from some of the finest instrumentalists in the world. In June yearly the pop music festival B-Sides takes place in Lucerne. It focuses on international acts in <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rock</a> and other <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_art" title="State of the art">cutting edge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Left_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Left field">left field</a> artistic musical genres. In July, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Balls_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Balls Festival (page does not exist)">Blue Balls Festival</a> brings jazz, blues and punk music to the lake promenade and halls of the Culture and Convention Center. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne_Blues_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucerne Blues Festival (page does not exist)">Lucerne Blues Festival</a> is another musical festival which usually takes place in November. Since spring 2004, Lucerne has hosted the <a href="/wiki/Festival_Rose_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival Rose d'Or">Festival Rose d'Or</a> for television entertainment. And in April, the well-established comics festival <i><a href="/wiki/Fumetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fumetto">Fumetto</a></i> attracts an international audience. </p><p>Being the cultural center of a rather rural region, Lucerne regularly holds different <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> festivals, such as <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Cheese_Festival" title="Lucerne Cheese Festival">Lucerne Cheese Festival</a>, held annually. In 2004, Lucerne was the focus of <a href="/wiki/Schwingen" title="Schwingen">Swiss Wrestling</a> fans when it had hosted the Swiss Wrestling and Alpine festival (<i>Eidgenössisches Schwing- und Älplerfest</i>), which takes place every three years in a different location. A national music festival (<i>Eidgenössiches Musikfest</i>) attracted marching bands from all parts of Switzerland in 2006. In summer 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Yodelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Yodelling">yodelling</a> festival (<i>Eidgenössisches Jodlerfest</i>) had a similar impact. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2021_Winter_Universiade" title="2021 Winter Universiade">2021 Winter Universiade</a> was planned to be hosted by Lucerne, but was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VBL_NAW_NT_und_GT_Bahnhof_Luzern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/VBL_NAW_NT_und_GT_Bahnhof_Luzern.jpg/220px-VBL_NAW_NT_und_GT_Bahnhof_Luzern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/VBL_NAW_NT_und_GT_Bahnhof_Luzern.jpg/330px-VBL_NAW_NT_und_GT_Bahnhof_Luzern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/VBL_NAW_NT_und_GT_Bahnhof_Luzern.jpg/440px-VBL_NAW_NT_und_GT_Bahnhof_Luzern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Lucerne bus station <i>Luzern Bahnhof</i> in front of the railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin" title="Ferdinand von Zeppelin">Ferdinand von Zeppelin</a> landed his <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">airship</a> in Lucerne in 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city became a pioneer for the aeronautical industry in Switzerland. In February 1910 the countries first (and after the <a href="/wiki/DELAG" title="DELAG">DELAG</a> of Germany the second in the world<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) air transport company was founded,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in July the same year then also the first <a href="/wiki/Airship_hangar" title="Airship hangar">airship hangar</a> at Tribschenmoos.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company provided flights with airships until 1914 without notable accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lucerne boasts a developed and well-run transport network, with the main operator, <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsbetriebe_Luzern" title="Verkehrsbetriebe Luzern">Verkehrsbetriebe Luzern (VBL)</a>, running both the <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Lucerne" title="Trolleybuses in Lucerne">trolleybuses in Lucerne</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Motor_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor bus">motor buses</a> network in the city and to neighboring municipalities. Other operators, such as <a href="/wiki/PostBus_Switzerland" title="PostBus Switzerland">PostAuto Schweiz</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto_AG_Rothenburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auto AG Rothenburg (page does not exist)">Auto AG Rothenburg</a>, provide <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> services to other towns and villages. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lucerne_railway_station" title="Lucerne railway station">Lucerne</a> is one of Switzerland's principal stations, and is well-connected to the rest of Switzerland via <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railway</a> services operated by <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdostbahn" title="Südostbahn">Südostbahn SOB</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BLS_AG" title="BLS AG">BLS</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zentralbahn" title="Zentralbahn">Zentralbahn (zb)</a>. There are 40 trains per day between Lucerne and <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, with an average travel time of 48 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Airport" title="Zurich Airport">Zurich Airport</a> can be reached in just over an hour.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adjacent to the station is <a href="/wiki/Luzern_Bahnhofquai" title="Luzern Bahnhofquai">Luzern Bahnhofquai</a>, from which ships of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne_Navigation_Company" title="Lake Lucerne Navigation Company">Lake Lucerne Navigation Company</a> operate to various destinations on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a>. Between April and mid October, the tourist oriented <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Panorama_Express" title="Gotthard Panorama Express">Gotthard Panorama Express</a> connects Lucerne with <a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a> once a day by boat and train, travelling by boat along the length of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lucerne" title="Lake Lucerne">Lake Lucerne</a> and then by train over the historic high-level Gotthard route.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three other railway stations are located within the city boundaries, with <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_Allmend/Messe_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucerne Allmend/Messe railway station">Lucerne Allmend/Messe</a> close to the <a href="/wiki/Swissporarena" title="Swissporarena">Swissporarena</a> in the south of the city, <a href="/wiki/Luzern_Littau_railway_station" title="Luzern Littau railway station">Luzern Littau</a> in the former municipality of <a href="/wiki/Littau" title="Littau">Littau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Luzern_Verkehrshaus_railway_station" title="Luzern Verkehrshaus railway station">Luzern Verkehrshaus</a> adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Museum_of_Transport" title="Swiss Museum of Transport">Swiss Museum of Transport</a> in the east. </p><p>Lucerne's city transit system is fully integrated into the coherent and integrated fare network system called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passepartout_(fare_network)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passepartout (fare network) (page does not exist)">passepartout</a> encompassing all kind of public transport in the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Obwalden">Obwalden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Nidwalden">Nidwalden</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A funicular, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtsch_Funicular" title="Gütsch Funicular">Gütschbahn</a>, links the city to <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_G%C3%BCtsch" title="Château Gütsch">Château Gütsch</a>, 90 m above. <a href="/wiki/Standseilbahn_Hotel_Montana" title="Standseilbahn Hotel Montana">Standseilbahn Hotel Montana</a> runs from the lakefront to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hotel_Montana_(Lucerne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotel Montana (Lucerne) (page does not exist)">Hotel Montana</a>. From 1912 to 1978, there was <a href="/wiki/Dietschibergbahn" title="Dietschibergbahn">Dietschibergbahn</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietschiberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietschiberg (page does not exist)">Dietschiberg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swissporarena_luftaufnahme_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Swissporarena_luftaufnahme_cropped.jpg/220px-Swissporarena_luftaufnahme_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Swissporarena_luftaufnahme_cropped.jpg/330px-Swissporarena_luftaufnahme_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Swissporarena_luftaufnahme_cropped.jpg/440px-Swissporarena_luftaufnahme_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2417" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Swissporarena" title="Swissporarena">Swissporarena</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/FC_Lucerne" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Lucerne">FC Lucerne</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Super_League" title="Swiss Super League">Swiss Super League</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> clubs throughout the city. The most successful one is <a href="/wiki/FC_Luzern" title="FC Luzern">FC Luzern</a> which plays in Switzerland's premier league (<a href="/wiki/Swiss_Super_League" title="Swiss Super League">Swiss Super League</a>). The club plays its home matches at the new <a href="/wiki/Swissporarena" title="Swissporarena">Swissporarena</a>, with a capacity of 16,800. </p><p>The city's main <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">hockey</a> team is the HC Luzern which plays in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_2._Liga_(ice_hockey)" title="Swiss 2. Liga (ice hockey)">Swiss Second League</a>, the fourth tier of Swiss hockey. They play their home games in the 5,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Life_Arena" title="Swiss Life Arena">Swiss Life Arena</a>. </p><p>In the past, Lucerne also produced national successes in men's <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a> and women's <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a>. </p><p>Having a long tradition of <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian sports</a>, Lucerne has co-hosted CSIO Switzerland, an international equestrian <a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">show jumping</a> event, until it left entirely for <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> in 2006. Since then, the Lucerne Equestrian Masters replaced it. There is also an annual <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> event, usually taking place in August. </p><p>Lucerne annually hosts the final leg of the <a href="/wiki/World_Rowing_Cup" title="World Rowing Cup">World Rowing Cup</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rotsee" title="Rotsee">Rotsee</a> Lake. Numerous <a href="/wiki/World_Rowing_Championships" title="World Rowing Championships">World Rowing Championships</a> have been held in Lucerne including the inaugural World Championships of <a href="/wiki/1962_World_Rowing_Championships" title="1962 World Rowing Championships">1962</a> and then the regattas of <a href="/wiki/1974_World_Rowing_Championships" title="1974 World Rowing Championships">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1982_World_Rowing_Championships" title="1982 World Rowing Championships">1982</a> and <a href="/wiki/2001_World_Rowing_Championships" title="2001 World Rowing Championships">2001</a>. </p><p>Lucerne hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Spitzen_Leichtathletik_Luzern" title="Spitzen Leichtathletik Luzern">Spitzen Leichtathletik Luzern</a> <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> meeting, which attracts world class athletes such as <a href="/wiki/Yohan_Blake" title="Yohan Blake">Yohan Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Adams" title="Valerie Adams">Valerie Adams</a>. </p><p>The city also provides facilities for <a href="/wiki/Ice-hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice-hockey">ice-hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Figure-skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Figure-skating">figure-skating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Human swimming">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">climbing</a> and more. </p><p>Lucerne hosted <a href="/wiki/FIVB_Beach_Volleyball_World_Tour" title="FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour">FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour</a> event Lucerne Open 2015 and <a href="/wiki/FIVB_Beach_Volleyball_U21_World_Championships" title="FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championships">FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championship</a> in 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jesuit Church"><img alt="Jesuit Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg/130px-Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg/195px-Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg/260px-Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Church,_Lucerne" title="Jesuit Church, Lucerne">Jesuit Church</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%B6wendenkmal_tourists.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucerne's Lion Monument commemorates the Swiss Guards of Louis XVI who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution."><img alt="Lucerne's Lion Monument commemorates the Swiss Guards of Louis XVI who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/L%C3%B6wendenkmal_tourists.jpg/130px-L%C3%B6wendenkmal_tourists.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/L%C3%B6wendenkmal_tourists.jpg/195px-L%C3%B6wendenkmal_tourists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/L%C3%B6wendenkmal_tourists.jpg/260px-L%C3%B6wendenkmal_tourists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1996" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lucerne's <a href="/wiki/Lion_Monument" title="Lion Monument">Lion Monument</a> commemorates the Swiss Guards of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a> who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzern_-_Rathausquai.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The crowded Rathausquai"><img alt="The crowded Rathausquai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Luzern_-_Rathausquai.JPG/130px-Luzern_-_Rathausquai.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Luzern_-_Rathausquai.JPG/195px-Luzern_-_Rathausquai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Luzern_-_Rathausquai.JPG/260px-Luzern_-_Rathausquai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The crowded Rathausquai</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jodlerfest08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yodelling festival 2008"><img alt="Yodelling festival 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jodlerfest08.jpg/130px-Jodlerfest08.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jodlerfest08.jpg/195px-Jodlerfest08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jodlerfest08.jpg/260px-Jodlerfest08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="441" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yodelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Yodelling">Yodelling</a> festival 2008</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SUVA,_Schw._Unfallversicherungsgesellschaft_IMG_4964.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Suva head office, set on a hill overlooking the centre of Lucerne"><img alt="The Suva head office, set on a hill overlooking the centre of Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SUVA%2C_Schw._Unfallversicherungsgesellschaft_IMG_4964.jpg/130px-SUVA%2C_Schw._Unfallversicherungsgesellschaft_IMG_4964.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SUVA%2C_Schw._Unfallversicherungsgesellschaft_IMG_4964.jpg/195px-SUVA%2C_Schw._Unfallversicherungsgesellschaft_IMG_4964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SUVA%2C_Schw._Unfallversicherungsgesellschaft_IMG_4964.jpg/260px-SUVA%2C_Schw._Unfallversicherungsgesellschaft_IMG_4964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Suva head office, set on a hill overlooking the centre of Lucerne</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzern_asv2022-10_Rathaus_img1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucerne's town hall has been home to the city's government for centuries."><img alt="Lucerne's town hall has been home to the city's government for centuries." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Luzern_asv2022-10_Rathaus_img1.jpg/130px-Luzern_asv2022-10_Rathaus_img1.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Luzern_asv2022-10_Rathaus_img1.jpg/195px-Luzern_asv2022-10_Rathaus_img1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Luzern_asv2022-10_Rathaus_img1.jpg/260px-Luzern_asv2022-10_Rathaus_img1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5070" data-file-height="4056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lucerne's town hall has been home to the city's government for centuries.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Lucerne" title="List of people from Lucerne">List of people from Lucerne</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lucerne" title="List of mayors of Lucerne">List of mayors of Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism in Switzerland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other languages: <a href="/wiki/Lucerne_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucerne German">Lucerne German</a>: <i lang="gsw">Lozärn</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Lucerna</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[luˈtʃɛrna]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Lucerna</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="rm-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">[luˈtsɛrnɐ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/76\/Rm-sursilv-Lucerna.flac\/Rm-sursilv-Lucerna.flac.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Rm-sursilv-Lucerna.flac"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Rm-sursilv-Lucerna.flac/Rm-sursilv-Lucerna.flac.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Rm-sursilv-Lucerna.flac" title="File:Rm-sursilv-Lucerna.flac">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Lucerne</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lysɛʁn]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The official language in any municipality in German-speaking Switzerland is always German. In this context, the term 'German' is used as an umbrella term for any variety of German. So, according to law, you are allowed to communicate with the authorities by using any kind of German, in written or oral form. However, the authorities will always use <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a> (aka the Swiss variety of <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a>) in documents, or any written form. And orally, it is either <i>Hochdeutsch</i> (i.e., Swiss Standard German or what the particular speaker considers as <i>High German</i>), or then it depends on the speaker's origin, which dialectal variant (s)he is using.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.html">"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen"</a>. Federal Statistical Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arealstatistik+Standard+-+Gemeinden+nach+4+Hauptbereichen&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fraum-umwelt%2Fbodennutzung-bedeckung%2Fgesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen%2Fgemeinden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-ae3316172ad6c8382acf9e7766d771decfefc3b2-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-ae3316172ad6c8382acf9e7766d771decfefc3b2-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/">https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Ffr%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201%2F-%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201.px%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStatistik2019" class="citation web cs1">Statistik, Bundesamt für (April 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung.assetdetail.7966022.html">"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie, Geschlecht und Gemeinde, Provisorische Jahresergebnisse, 2018 - 2018 | Tabelle"</a>. <i>Bundesamt für Statistik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeitskategorie%2C+Geschlecht+und+Gemeinde%2C+Provisorische+Jahresergebnisse%2C+2018+-+2018+%26%23124%3B+Tabelle&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft.aulast=Statistik&rft.aufirst=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fbevoelkerung.assetdetail.7966022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStatistik2014" class="citation web cs1">Statistik, Bundesamt für (December 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/querschnittsthemen/raeumliche-analysen/raeumliche-gliederungen/analyseregionen.assetdetail.188849.html">"Räume mit städtischem Charakter der Schweiz 2012 - 2012 | Tabelle"</a>. <i>Bundesamt für Statistik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik&rft.atitle=R%C3%A4ume+mit+st%C3%A4dtischem+Charakter+der+Schweiz+2012+-+2012+%26%23124%3B+Tabelle&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.aulast=Statistik&rft.aufirst=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fquerschnittsthemen%2Fraeumliche-analysen%2Fraeumliche-gliederungen%2Fanalyseregionen.assetdetail.188849.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDS_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lucerne</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D624.php"><span title="Lucerne in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F624.php"><span title="Lucerne in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I624.php"><span title="Lucerne in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 03 November 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andres Kristol (ed.), <i>Lexikon der schweizerischen Gemeindenamen</i> (2005), p. 558.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=1844">The Roma: Between a Myth and the Future</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZucker1944" class="citation journal cs1">Zucker, A. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lustat.ch&rft.atitle=Ausl%C3%A4ndische+Personen+nach+Nationalit%C3%A4t+und+Status+Ende+2021+-+Stadt+Luzern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lustat.ch%2Ffiles_ftp%2Fdaten%2Fgd%2F1061%2Fw012_005t_gd1061_zz_d_0000_001_008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/en/px-x-4004000000_101/-/px-x-4004000000_101.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=513a4f6a-09be-49d1-99c7-23421ad2dd49">"Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850-2000"</a> [Population development according to institutional divisions, 1850-2000]. 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href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/en/px-x-0102010000_101/-/px-x-0102010000_101.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=18b2f0c5-2cf6-4847-9f6f-3f23d3e7129d">"Permanent resident population by Year, Canton / District / Commune"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Statistical_Office_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland)">Federal Statistical Office</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permanent+resident+population+by+Year%2C+Canton+%2F+District+%2F+Commune&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fen%2Fpx-x-0102010000_101%2F-%2Fpx-x-0102010000_101.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3D18b2f0c5-2cf6-4847-9f6f-3f23d3e7129d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Die+Steuern+sind+weiter+gesunken&rft.date=2012-01-17&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6chli&rft.aufirst=Hansueli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Faktuell%2Fstartseite%2Fdie-steuern-sind-weiter-gesunken-1.14373408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakbasel.ch/downloads/competences/location_factors/taxation/BAK_TIX_2012_Zwischenbericht_Executive_Summary.pdf">"Zwischenbericht Executive Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>BAK Basel</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+%26%23124%3B+Zaubersee&rft.pub=Zaubersee.ch&rft.date=2017-05-28&rft.au=Zaubersee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzaubersee.ch%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucerne_University_of_Applied_Sciences_and_Arts2024" class="citation book cs1">Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (2024-11-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mm-2024-11-25-deus-in-machina-ki-jesus-beilage-report"><i>Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts Deus In Machina AI Jesus Report</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lucerne+University+of+Applied+Sciences+and+Arts+Deus+In+Machina+AI+Jesus+Report&rft.date=2024-11-25&rft.au=Lucerne+University+of+Applied+Sciences+and+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmm-2024-11-25-deus-in-machina-ki-jesus-beilage-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Catholic Church of the City of Lucerne. (2024, November 25). P<i>ublication of the "Deus in Machina" study results</i> [Press release]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/mm-2024-11-25-deus-in-machina-ki-jesus">https://archive.org/details/mm-2024-11-25-deus-in-machina-ki-jesus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTourismus" class="citation web cs1">Tourismus, Schweiz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myswitzerland.com/en-us/experiences/st-peterskapelle-st-peters-chapel/">"Peterskapelle (Peter's Chapel)"</a>. <i>Switzerland Tourism</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Switzerland+Tourism&rft.atitle=Peterskapelle+%28Peter%27s+Chapel%29&rft.aulast=Tourismus&rft.aufirst=Schweiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myswitzerland.com%2Fen-us%2Fexperiences%2Fst-peterskapelle-st-peters-chapel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2024" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Emily (November 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://relevantmagazine.com/culture/deus-in-machina-this-swiss-church-is-using-an-ai-jesus-in-confessionals/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Deus In Machina'? This Swiss Church is Using an AI Jesus in Confessionals"</a>. <i>Relevant</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Relevant&rft.atitle=%27Deus+In+Machina%27%3F+This+Swiss+Church+is+Using+an+AI+Jesus+in+Confessionals&rft.date=2024-11-22&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frelevantmagazine.com%2Fculture%2Fdeus-in-machina-this-swiss-church-is-using-an-ai-jesus-in-confessionals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeaten2024" class="citation web cs1">Keaten, Jamey (November 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-chatbot-jesus-lucerne-catholic-66268027fbcf4b48972d1d62541f0b16">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'AI Jesus' avatar tests man's faith in machines and the divine"</a>. <i>AP News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=%27AI+Jesus%27+avatar+tests+man%27s+faith+in+machines+and+the+divine&rft.date=2024-11-28&rft.aulast=Keaten&rft.aufirst=Jamey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fartificial-intelligence-chatbot-jesus-lucerne-catholic-66268027fbcf4b48972d1d62541f0b16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.luzern.com/de/highlights/fasnacht-in-luzern">"Fasnacht in Luzern".</a> Luzern.com (in German). Retrieved 5 January 2025.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rontaler.ch/20330/woher-hat-der-schmutzige-donnerstag-seinen-namen">"Woher hat der Schmutzige Donnerstag seinen Namen?"</a>. <i>Regionalzeitung Rontaler AG</i> (in German). 17 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regionalzeitung+Rontaler+AG&rft.atitle=Woher+hat+der+Schmutzige+Donnerstag+seinen+Namen%3F&rft.date=2013-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rontaler.ch%2F20330%2Fwoher-hat-der-schmutzige-donnerstag-seinen-namen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaldis2002" class="citation book cs1">Waldis, Alfred (2002). <i>Es begann am Gotthard</i>. Lucerne: Maihof Verlag. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-95220335-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-95220335-1"><bdi>3-95220335-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Es+begann+am+Gotthard&rft.place=Lucerne&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Maihof+Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-95220335-1&rft.aulast=Waldis&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Waldis, Alfred (2002),p.58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waldis, Alfred (2002),p.53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waldis, Alfred (2002),p.54–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raileurope.com/en-us/destinations/zurich-lucerne-train">"Zurich to Lucerne by train"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zurich+to+Lucerne+by+train&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raileurope.com%2Fen-us%2Fdestinations%2Fzurich-lucerne-train&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetrainline.com/en/train-times/lucerne-to-zurich-airport">"Lucerne to Zurich Airport by Train | Buy SBB Tickets"</a>. <i>Trainline</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trainline&rft.atitle=Lucerne+to+Zurich+Airport+by+Train+%26%23124%3B+Buy+SBB+Tickets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetrainline.com%2Fen%2Ftrain-times%2Flucerne-to-zurich-airport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbb.ch/en/leisure-holidays/travel-in-switzerland/panoramareisen/gotthard-panorama-express.html">"Gotthard Panorama Express"</a>. Berne: SBB CFF FFS. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714230532/https://www.sbb.ch/en/leisure-holidays/travel-in-switzerland/panoramareisen/gotthard-panorama-express.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gotthard+Panorama+Express&rft.place=Berne&rft.pub=SBB+CFF+FFS&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbb.ch%2Fen%2Fleisure-holidays%2Ftravel-in-switzerland%2Fpanoramareisen%2Fgotthard-panorama-express.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/switzerlandwith00firgoog#page/n118/mode/2up">"Lucerne"</a>. <i>Switzerland</i>. Coblenz: Karl Baedeker. 1863.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucerne&rft.btitle=Switzerland&rft.place=Coblenz&rft.pub=Karl+Baedeker&rft.date=1863&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fswitzerlandwith00firgoog%23page%2Fn118%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/switzerlandtoget00karl#page/94/mode/2up">"Lucerne"</a>, <i>Switzerland, Together with Chamonix and the Italian Lakes</i> (26th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1922, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4248970">4248970</a>, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23344482M">23344482M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucerne&rft.btitle=Switzerland%2C+Together+with+Chamonix+and+the+Italian+Lakes&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.edition=26th&rft.pub=Karl+Baedeker&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4248970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23344482M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fswitzerlandtoget00karl%23page%2F94%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._B._Coolidge" title="W. A. B. Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lucerne (town)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lucerne_(town)">"Lucerne (town)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). p. 97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lucerne+%28town%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=97&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALucerne" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>André Meyer: <i>The Jesuit church of Lucerne</i>, Berne 1985 (= Schweizerische Kunstführer, ser. 32, Nr. 314).</li> <li>Laura Stokes: <i>Demons of urban reform. Early European witch trials and criminal justice, 1430–1530</i>. Basingstoke 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8683-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8683-2">978-1-4039-8683-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lucerne" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lucerne">Lucerne</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lucerne#Q4191" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luzern.ch">City of Lucerne official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luzern.com">Lucerne Tourism</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adligenswil" title="Adligenswil">Adligenswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchrain" title="Buchrain">Buchrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dierikon" title="Dierikon">Dierikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebikon" title="Ebikon">Ebikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisikon" title="Gisikon">Gisikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greppen" title="Greppen">Greppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horw" title="Horw">Horw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriens" title="Kriens">Kriens</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malters" title="Malters">Malters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meggen" title="Meggen">Meggen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meierskappel" title="Meierskappel">Meierskappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root,_Switzerland" title="Root, Switzerland">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenberg,_Switzerland" title="Schwarzenberg, Switzerland">Schwarzenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udligenswil" title="Udligenswil">Udligenswil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitznau" title="Vitznau">Vitznau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weggis" title="Weggis">Weggis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Luzern_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Canton Lucerne"><img alt="Coat of arms of Canton Lucerne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/CHE_Luzern_COA.svg/35px-CHE_Luzern_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/CHE_Luzern_COA.svg/53px-CHE_Luzern_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/CHE_Luzern_COA.svg/70px-CHE_Luzern_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="676" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Canton of Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Lucerne" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts of Canton Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne#Municipalities" title="Canton of Lucerne">Municipalities of Canton Lucerne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms530" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms530" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons and capitals of Switzerland</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">Three Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and coats of arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Aargau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Landschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Graubünden">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Thurgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Ticino" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4191#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1653" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4191#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1653" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4191#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000112300017">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137855441">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1202792/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrRdffD83FhJr6RdWfDv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036733-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50051974">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luzern (Švýcarsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129903&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1197829">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557382705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f4524357-871a-4c23-9043-1a785978ad4f">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/000624">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045348">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&oldid=1278970604">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucerne&oldid=1278970604</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Lucerne" title="Category:Municipalities of the canton of Lucerne">Municipalities of the canton of Lucerne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lucerne" title="Category:Lucerne">Lucerne</a></li><li><a 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