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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Reformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_German_reunification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_German_reunification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Since German reunification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_German_reunification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor_and_city_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_and_city_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Mayor and city council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_and_city_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Event_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Event_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Event venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Event_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Cathedral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Other sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle People subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A–K" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A–K"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>A–K</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A–K-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L–Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L–Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>L–Z</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L–Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Magdeburg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 124 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maagdeburg" title="Maagdeburg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maagdeburg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ማክደቡርክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማክደቡርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="ماغديبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماغديبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgo" title="Magdeburgo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Magdeburgo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgu" title="Magdeburgu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Magdeburgu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqdeburq" title="Maqdeburq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maqdeburq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="ম্যাগডেবার্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাগডেবার্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдэбург – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магдэбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдэбург – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Магдэбург" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdebuag" title="Magdebuag – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Magdebuag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landeshauptstadt_Magdeburg" title="Landeshauptstadt Magdeburg – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Landeshauptstadt Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF" title="Μαγδεμβούργο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγδεμβούργο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgo" title="Magdeburgo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Magdeburgo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgo" title="Magdeburgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Magdeburgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ماگدبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماگدبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdebourg" title="Magdebourg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Magdebourg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Magdeburg (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Magdeburg (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌸𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%8D%B0%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="마그데부르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마그데부르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makekepuka" title="Makekepuka – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makekepuka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Մագդեբուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մագդեբուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="मागदेबुर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मागदेबुर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BA%C4%9Bwin_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Dźěwin (město) – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Dźěwin (město)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgo" title="Magdeburgo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magdeburgo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="מגדבורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגדבורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebon_Raja_Magdeburg" title="Kebon Raja Magdeburg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kebon Raja Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="მაგდებურგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაგდებურგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1e%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебeрг – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Магдебeрг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgum" title="Magdeburgum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magdeburgum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburga" title="Magdeburga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Magdeburga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgas" title="Magdeburgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Magdeburgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeb%C3%BCrgu" title="Magdebürgu – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Magdebürgu" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgh" title="Magdeburgh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Magdeburgh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="മാഗ്‌ഡെബുർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാഗ്‌ഡെബുർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="माक्देबुर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माक्देबुर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="მაგდებურგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაგდებურგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="ماجدبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماجدبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maagdenburg_(stad)" title="Maagdenburg (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maagdenburg (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%87%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="マクデブルク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マクデブルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeb%C3%B6rj" title="Magdebörj – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Magdebörj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeborg" title="Magdeborg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Magdeborg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AF%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مگڈیبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مگڈیبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeborgh" title="Magdeborgh – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Magdeborgh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meideborg" title="Meideborg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Meideborg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgo" title="Magdeburgo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Magdeburgo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D2%91" title="Маґдебурґ – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Маґдебурґ" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgu" title="Magdeburgu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Magdeburgu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ماگدێبورگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماگدێبورگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburgo" title="Magdeburgo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Magdeburgo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="มัคเดอบวร์ค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มัคเดอบวร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Магдебург – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магдебург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="马格德堡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马格德堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="麥德堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麥德堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Magdeburg" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="马格德堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马格德堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1733#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="View 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Magdeburg&params=52_07_54_N_11_38_21_E_region:de_type:city(239364)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°07′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°38′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.13167°N 11.63917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.13167; 11.63917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected until December 8, 2025 at 04:49 UTC."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Magdeburg (disambiguation)">Magdeburg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Magdeburg </span></div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small><span title="Low German-language text"><i lang="nds">Meideborg</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#f8f9fa;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:300px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:3px 0 0 3px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/300px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/450px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg/600px-Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2820" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MD-Altstadt_Alter_Markt_6_Rathaus-01_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Town Hall"><img alt="Town Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/MD-Altstadt_Alter_Markt_6_Rathaus-01_Cropped.jpg/250px-MD-Altstadt_Alter_Markt_6_Rathaus-01_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/MD-Altstadt_Alter_Markt_6_Rathaus-01_Cropped.jpg/330px-MD-Altstadt_Alter_Markt_6_Rathaus-01_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5143" data-file-height="3867" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hundertwasser_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Green Citadel"><img alt="Green Citadel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hundertwasser_Magdeburg.jpg/148px-Hundertwasser_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hundertwasser_Magdeburg.jpg/222px-Hundertwasser_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hundertwasser_Magdeburg.jpg/296px-Hundertwasser_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JahrtausendturmMagdeburg_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/JahrtausendturmMagdeburg_cropped.jpg/250px-JahrtausendturmMagdeburg_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/JahrtausendturmMagdeburg_cropped.jpg/330px-JahrtausendturmMagdeburg_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4719" data-file-height="3547" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburger-Dom-Nachts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg Cathedral at night"><img alt="Magdeburg Cathedral at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Magdeburger-Dom-Nachts.jpg/148px-Magdeburger-Dom-Nachts.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Magdeburger-Dom-Nachts.jpg/222px-Magdeburger-Dom-Nachts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Magdeburger-Dom-Nachts.jpg/296px-Magdeburger-Dom-Nachts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Elbuferpanorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama"><img alt="Panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Magdeburg_Elbuferpanorama.jpg/300px-Magdeburg_Elbuferpanorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Magdeburg_Elbuferpanorama.jpg/450px-Magdeburg_Elbuferpanorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Magdeburg_Elbuferpanorama.jpg/600px-Magdeburg_Elbuferpanorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8965" data-file-height="1247" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><b>From top, left to right:</b> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> Aerial view of part of the city centre – Town Hall – "Green Citadel" – <a href="/wiki/Jahrtausendturm" title="Jahrtausendturm">"Millennium Tower"</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Cathedral" title="Magdeburg Cathedral">Magdeburg Cathedral</a> at night – and panorama: city wall</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_Magdeburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Magdeburg"><img alt="Flag of Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flagge_Magdeburg.svg/100px-Flagge_Magdeburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flagge_Magdeburg.svg/150px-Flagge_Magdeburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flagge_Magdeburg.svg/200px-Flagge_Magdeburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Magdeburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Magdeburg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wappen_Magdeburg.svg/71px-Wappen_Magdeburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="71" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wappen_Magdeburg.svg/106px-Wappen_Magdeburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Wappen_Magdeburg.svg/141px-Wappen_Magdeburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="579" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Magdeburg</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_67fe50fcaee1a7ac758276ac51eb00da48a8ccc0"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Magdeburg&revid=1281274744&groups=_67fe50fcaee1a7ac758276ac51eb00da48a8ccc0" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Magdeburg&revid=1281274744&groups=_67fe50fcaee1a7ac758276ac51eb00da48a8ccc0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg is located in Germany"><img alt="Magdeburg is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.574%;left:61.392%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Magdeburg"><img alt="Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Magdeburg </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxony-Anhalt_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg is located in Saxony-Anhalt"><img alt="Magdeburg is located in Saxony-Anhalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Saxony-Anhalt_location_map.svg/250px-Saxony-Anhalt_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Saxony-Anhalt_location_map.svg/375px-Saxony-Anhalt_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Saxony-Anhalt_location_map.svg/500px-Saxony-Anhalt_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="2306" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.501%;left:40.403%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Magdeburg"><img alt="Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Magdeburg </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Saxony-Anhalt</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Magdeburg&params=52_07_54_N_11_38_21_E_region:de_type:city(239364)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°07′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°38′21″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.13167°N 11.63917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.13167; 11.63917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">40 boroughs</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2022–29) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simone_Borris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simone Borris (page does not exist)">Simone Borris</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Borris" class="extiw" title="de:Simone Borris">de</a>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">201.03 km<sup>2</sup> (77.62 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">43 m (141 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">239,364</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">39104–39130</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0391</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MD</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/">magdeburg.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Magdeburg</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈmakdəbʊʁk]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d9\/De-Magdeburg.ogg\/De-Magdeburg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Magdeburg.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/De-Magdeburg.ogg/De-Magdeburg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Magdeburg.ogg" title="File:De-Magdeburg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Low German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nds-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐ̯x]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>. The city is on the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> river.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Magdeburg" title="Archbishopric of Magdeburg">Archbishopric of Magdeburg</a>, was buried in the city's <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Cathedral" title="Magdeburg Cathedral">cathedral</a> after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magdeburg's version of <a href="/wiki/German_town_law" title="German town law">German town law</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_rights" title="Magdeburg rights">Magdeburg rights</a>, spread throughout <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and Eastern Europe. In the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, Magdeburg was one of the largest and most prosperous German cities and a notable member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>. One of the most notable people from the city was <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a>, famous for his experiments with the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres" title="Magdeburg hemispheres">Magdeburg hemispheres</a>. </p><p>Magdeburg has experienced three major devastations in its history. In 1207 the first catastrophe struck the city, with a fire burning down large parts of the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Cathedral#Previous_building" title="Magdeburg Cathedral">Ottonian cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(German)" title="Catholic League (German)">Catholic League</a> <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg" title="Sack of Magdeburg">sacked Magdeburg</a> in 1631,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in the death of 25,000 non-combatants, the largest loss of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> bombed the city in 1945 and destroyed much of the city centre. Today, around 46% of the city consists of buildings from before 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War II, the city belonged to the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">German Democratic Republic</a> from 1949 to 1990. Since then, many new construction projects have been implemented and old buildings have been restored.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magdeburg celebrated its 1,200th anniversary in 2005. </p><p>Magdeburg is on <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_2" title="Bundesautobahn 2">Autobahn 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_14" title="Bundesautobahn 14">Autobahn 14</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> as well as northern and southern Germany. Significant industries include <a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">machines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">environmental technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">circular economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_industry" title="Culture industry">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">information and communications technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are numerous <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural institutions</a> in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Theater_Magdeburg" title="Theater Magdeburg">Theater Magdeburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kulturhistorisches_Museum_Magdeburg" title="Kulturhistorisches Museum Magdeburg">Museum of Cultural History</a>. The city is also the location of two universities, the <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke_University_Magdeburg" title="Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg">Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg-Stendal_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences">Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Magdeburg" title="Timeline of Magdeburg">Timeline of Magdeburg</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankunft_Ottos_I._und_Ediths_in_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ankunft_Ottos_I._und_Ediths_in_Magdeburg.jpg/250px-Ankunft_Ottos_I._und_Ediths_in_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ankunft_Ottos_I._und_Ediths_in_Magdeburg.jpg/330px-Ankunft_Ottos_I._und_Ediths_in_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Ankunft_Ottos_I._und_Ediths_in_Magdeburg.jpg/500px-Ankunft_Ottos_I._und_Ediths_in_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> and his wife Edith arrive near Magdeburg (Hugo Vogel 1898, Ständehaus Merseburg).</figcaption></figure> <p>Founded by <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in 805 as Magadoburg (probably from <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>magado</i> for <i>big</i>, <i>mighty</i> and <i>burg</i> for <i>fortress</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the town was fortified in 919 by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry the Fowler</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">Magyars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavs</a>. In 929 King <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a> granted the city to his English-born wife <a href="/wiki/Eadgyth" title="Eadgyth">Edith</a> as <a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">dower</a>. Queen Edith loved the town and often resided there;<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at her death she was buried in the crypt of the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> abbey of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurice" title="Saint Maurice">Saint Maurice</a>, later rebuilt as the cathedral. In 937, Magdeburg was the seat of a royal assembly. Otto I repeatedly visited Magdeburg, establishing a convent here about 937<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was later buried in the cathedral. He granted the abbey the right to income from <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithes</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">corvée</a> labour from the surrounding countryside. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Magdeburg" title="Archbishopric of Magdeburg">Archbishopric of Magdeburg</a> was founded in 968<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adalbert_(Archbishop_of_Magdeburg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adalbert (Archbishop of Magdeburg)">Adalbert of Magdeburg</a> was consecrated as its first archbishop. The archbishopric under Adalbert included the bishoprics of <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Havelberg" title="Bishopric of Havelberg">Havelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Brandenburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Merseburg" title="Bishopric of Merseburg">Merseburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dresden-Meissen" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen">Meissen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Naumburg-Zeitz" title="Bishopric of Naumburg-Zeitz">Naumburg-Zeitz</a>. The archbishops played a prominent role in the <a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">German colonisation</a> of the Slavic lands east of the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> river. </p><p>In 1035 Magdeburg received a patent giving the city the right to hold trade exhibitions and conventions. This formed the basis of <a href="/wiki/German_town_law" title="German town law">German town law</a> to become known as the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_rights" title="Magdeburg rights">Magdeburg rights</a>. These laws were adopted and modified throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Visitors from many countries began to trade with Magdeburg. The town was burnt down in 1188.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 13th century, Magdeburg became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>. With more than 20,000 inhabitants Magdeburg was one of the largest cities in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. The town had active maritime commerce on the west (towards <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>), with the countries of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, and maintained traffic and communication with the interior (for example <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformation">Reformation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg" title="Sack of Magdeburg">Sack of Magdeburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres" title="Magdeburg hemispheres">Magdeburg hemispheres</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Magdeburg.jpg/220px-Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Magdeburg.jpg/330px-Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Magdeburg.jpg/440px-Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4196" data-file-height="3381" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Schott" title="Gaspar Schott">Gaspar Schott</a>'s sketch of <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres" title="Magdeburg hemispheres">Magdeburg hemispheres</a> experiment</figcaption></figure> <p>The citizens constantly struggled against the archbishop, becoming nearly independent from him by the end of the 15th century. Around Easter 1497, the then twelve-year-old <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> attended school in Magdeburg, where he was exposed to the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Brethren_of_the_Common_Life" title="Brethren of the Common Life">Brethren of the Common Life</a>. In 1524, he was called to Magdeburg, where he preached and caused the city's defection from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> had quickly found adherents in the city, where Luther had been a schoolboy. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> repeatedly outlawed the unruly town, which had joined the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Torgau" title="League of Torgau">League of Torgau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League" title="Schmalkaldic League">Schmalkaldic League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As it had not accepted the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Interim" title="Augsburg Interim">Augsburg Interim</a> decree (1548), the city, by the emperor's commands, was besieged (1550–1551) by <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Maurice, Elector of Saxony">Maurice, Elector of Saxony</a>, but it retained its independence. The rule of the archbishop was replaced by that of administrators belonging to Protestant dynasties. In the following years, Magdeburg gained a reputation as a stronghold of Protestantism and became the first major city to publish the writings of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>. In Magdeburg, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a> and his companions wrote their anti-Catholic pamphlets and the <i><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Centuries" title="Magdeburg Centuries">Magdeburg Centuries</a></i>, in which they argued that the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> had become the kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catholic_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1629 the city withstood its first siege during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Albrecht von Wallenstein</a>, a Protestant convert to Catholicism. However, in 1631, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">imperial</a> troops under <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg" title="Sack of Magdeburg">stormed the city and massacred the inhabitants</a>, killing about 20,000 and burning the city.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, a population of only 4,000 remained. Under the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> (1648), Magdeburg was to be assigned to <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a> after the death of the administrator <a href="/wiki/August,_Duke_of_Saxe-Weissenfels" class="mw-redirect" title="August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels">August of Saxe-Weissenfels</a>, as the semi-autonomous <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Magdeburg" title="Duchy of Magdeburg">Duchy of Magdeburg</a>. This occurred in 1680.<sup id="cite_ref-Rathmann1806_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rathmann1806-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rein2016_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rein2016-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GehrtHund2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GehrtHund2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city made an astonishingly quick recovery, due especially to the energy and dedication of its mayor <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a>, who was also a noted scientist. Just six years after the end of the terribly destructive war, Magdeburg was the scene of the famous scientific experiment known as The <i><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres" title="Magdeburg hemispheres">Magdeburg hemispheres</a></i> by which the existence of <a href="/wiki/Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a> – hitherto <a href="/wiki/Horror_vacui_(physics)" title="Horror vacui (physics)">hotly debated</a> – was empirically proven, with enormous implications for the later developments of physics.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <p>In the course of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the fortress surrendered to <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French</a> troops in 1806. The city was annexed to the French-controlled <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Westphalia" title="Kingdom of Westphalia">Kingdom of Westphalia</a> in the 1807 <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Treaty of Tilsit</a>. King <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme</a> appointed Count Heinrich <a href="/wiki/Von_Blumenthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Blumenthal">von Blumenthal</a> as mayor. In 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, Magdeburg was made the capital of the new <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Province of Saxony</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <p>In 1912, the old fortress was dismantled, and in 1908, the municipality <a href="/wiki/Ohrekreis" title="Ohrekreis">Rothensee</a> became part of Magdeburg.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Polish leader <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a> and his close associate <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Sosnkowski" title="Kazimierz Sosnkowski">Kazimierz Sosnkowski</a> were imprisoned in the city by Germany in 1917–1918.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Magdeburger Tageszeitung</i></span> was published as a local newspaper in Magdeburg. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Magdeburg was the location of 30 <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> detachments of the <a href="/wiki/Stalag_XI-A" title="Stalag XI-A">Stalag XI-A</a> <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camp</a> for some 4,500 <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> POWs,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a camp for <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> (see also <i><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and three <a href="/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Buchenwald" title="List of subcamps of Buchenwald">subcamps</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a>, in which mostly Jewish men and boys and Soviet, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">Polish</a> and Jewish women were imprisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-ab_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ab-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1945, dozens of prisoners were massacred by the <i><a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a>, and surviving prisoners were sent on <a href="/wiki/Death_marches_during_the_Holocaust" title="Death marches during the Holocaust">death marches</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/Ravensbr%C3%BCck_concentration_camp" title="Ravensbrück concentration camp">Ravensbrück</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen</a> concentration camps.<sup id="cite_ref-ab_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ab-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Allied_air_attacks"></span>Magdeburg was heavily bombed by British and American air forces during the Second World War. The RAF bombing raid on the night of 16 January 1945 destroyed much of the city centre. The death toll is estimated at 2,000–2,500. Near the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the city of about 340,000 became capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Magdeburg" title="Province of Magdeburg">Province of Magdeburg</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brabag" title="Brabag">Brabag</a>'s Magdeburg/Rothensee plant that produced <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fuel" title="Synthetic fuel">synthetic oil</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a> coal was a target of the <a href="/wiki/Oil_Campaign_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Campaign of World War II">Oil Campaign of World War II</a>. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnderzeit" title="Gründerzeit">Gründerzeit</a></i></span> suburbs north of the city, called the Nordfront, were destroyed as well as some of the city's main streets with its Baroque buildings. </p><p>It was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Ninth_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth United States Army">9th US Army</a> troops on 18 April 1945 and was left to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> on 1 July 1945. <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">Post-war</a> the area was part of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Occupation_Zones_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Occupation Zones in Germany">Soviet Zone of Occupation</a> and many of the remaining pre-World War II city buildings were destroyed, with only a few buildings near the cathedral and in the southern part of the old city being restored to their pre-war state. Before the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification of Germany</a>, many surviving <i>Gründerzeit</i> buildings were left uninhabited and, after years of degradation, waiting for demolition. From 1949 until German reunification on 3 October 1990, Magdeburg belonged to the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Stadtplan_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Magdeburg, 1900"><img alt="Map of Magdeburg, 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Magdeburg_Stadtplan_1900.jpg/250px-Magdeburg_Stadtplan_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Magdeburg_Stadtplan_1900.jpg/500px-Magdeburg_Stadtplan_1900.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="1174" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Magdeburg, 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Gesch%C3%A4ftshaus_der_Magdeburger_Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft_in_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Breiter Weg", approx. 1900"><img alt=""Breiter Weg", approx. 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Magdeburg_Gesch%C3%A4ftshaus_der_Magdeburger_Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft_in_Magdeburg.jpg/138px-Magdeburg_Gesch%C3%A4ftshaus_der_Magdeburger_Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft_in_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Magdeburg_Gesch%C3%A4ftshaus_der_Magdeburger_Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft_in_Magdeburg.jpg/207px-Magdeburg_Gesch%C3%A4ftshaus_der_Magdeburger_Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft_in_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Magdeburg_Gesch%C3%A4ftshaus_der_Magdeburger_Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft_in_Magdeburg.jpg/275px-Magdeburg_Gesch%C3%A4ftshaus_der_Magdeburger_Feuerversicherungs-Gesellschaft_in_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2652" data-file-height="3464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Breiter Weg", approx. 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fountain_and_Breiter_Weg,_Magdeburg,_Germany,_Saxony-Anhalt,_Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Hasselbachplatz", approx. 1900"><img alt=""Hasselbachplatz", approx. 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fountain_and_Breiter_Weg%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Germany%2C_Saxony-Anhalt%2C_Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg/244px-Fountain_and_Breiter_Weg%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Germany%2C_Saxony-Anhalt%2C_Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fountain_and_Breiter_Weg%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Germany%2C_Saxony-Anhalt%2C_Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg/366px-Fountain_and_Breiter_Weg%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Germany%2C_Saxony-Anhalt%2C_Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fountain_and_Breiter_Weg%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Germany%2C_Saxony-Anhalt%2C_Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg/487px-Fountain_and_Breiter_Weg%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Germany%2C_Saxony-Anhalt%2C_Germany-LCCN2002720637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3505" data-file-height="2590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Hasselbachplatz", approx. 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siegelmarke_Kreis_Versicherungskommissar_-_Magdeburger_Land_-_Feuer_-_Societaet_W0251229.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sealing stamp (1850–1923)"><img alt="Sealing stamp (1850–1923)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Siegelmarke_Kreis_Versicherungskommissar_-_Magdeburger_Land_-_Feuer_-_Societaet_W0251229.jpg/181px-Siegelmarke_Kreis_Versicherungskommissar_-_Magdeburger_Land_-_Feuer_-_Societaet_W0251229.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Siegelmarke_Kreis_Versicherungskommissar_-_Magdeburger_Land_-_Feuer_-_Societaet_W0251229.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sealing stamp (1850–1923)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-14898-0002,_Magdeburg,_Blick_auf_die_zerst%C3%B6rte_Altstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City center after World War II"><img alt="City center after World War II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-14898-0002%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Blick_auf_die_zerst%C3%B6rte_Altstadt.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-14898-0002%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Blick_auf_die_zerst%C3%B6rte_Altstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-14898-0002%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Blick_auf_die_zerst%C3%B6rte_Altstadt.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-14898-0002%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Blick_auf_die_zerst%C3%B6rte_Altstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-14898-0002%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Blick_auf_die_zerst%C3%B6rte_Altstadt.jpg/519px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-14898-0002%2C_Magdeburg%2C_Blick_auf_die_zerst%C3%B6rte_Altstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">City center after World War II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MagdeburgStalinist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg's centre has a number of Stalinist buildings from the 1950s."><img alt="Magdeburg's centre has a number of Stalinist buildings from the 1950s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MagdeburgStalinist.jpg/240px-MagdeburgStalinist.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MagdeburgStalinist.jpg/360px-MagdeburgStalinist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/MagdeburgStalinist.jpg/480px-MagdeburgStalinist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Magdeburg's centre has a number of <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture#East_Germany" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a> buildings from the 1950s.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_German_reunification">Since German reunification</h3></div> <p>In 1990 Magdeburg became the capital of the new state of <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> within reunified Germany. Huge parts of the city and its centre were also rebuilt in a modern style. Its economy is one of the fastest-growing in the former East German states.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 Magdeburg celebrated its 1200th anniversary. </p><p>The city was hit by <a href="/wiki/2013_European_floods" title="2013 European floods">2013 European floods</a>. Authorities declared a state of emergency and said they expected the Elbe river to rise higher than in 2002. In Magdeburg, with water levels of five metres (16 ft) above normal, about 23,000 residents had to leave their homes on 9 June.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 December 2024, at least five people were killed and more than 200 injured at the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Christmas_market" title="Magdeburg Christmas market">Magdeburg Christmas market</a> when <a href="/wiki/2024_Magdeburg_car_attack" title="2024 Magdeburg car attack">a car was driven into the crowd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suspect, who was arrested at the scene, was identified in German media as Taleb al-Abdulmohsen, a Saudi psychiatrist living in Germany since 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> will build its largest plant in Europe in the south of the city by 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Landtag-sachsen-anhalt-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg is the capital and seat of the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt."><img alt="Magdeburg is the capital and seat of the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Landtag-sachsen-anhalt-2012.jpg/271px-Landtag-sachsen-anhalt-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Landtag-sachsen-anhalt-2012.jpg/407px-Landtag-sachsen-anhalt-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Landtag-sachsen-anhalt-2012.jpg/542px-Landtag-sachsen-anhalt-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Magdeburg is the capital and seat of the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt">Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UB_Magdeburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Library of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg"><img alt="Library of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/UB_Magdeburg.JPG/240px-UB_Magdeburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/UB_Magdeburg.JPG/360px-UB_Magdeburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/UB_Magdeburg.JPG/480px-UB_Magdeburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Library of the <a href="/wiki/Otto-von-Guericke_University_Magdeburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg">Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gr%C3%BCne_Zitadelle_von_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Green Citadel of Magdeburg, built in 2005"><img alt="The Green Citadel of Magdeburg, built in 2005" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gr%C3%BCne_Zitadelle_von_Magdeburg.jpg/270px-Gr%C3%BCne_Zitadelle_von_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gr%C3%BCne_Zitadelle_von_Magdeburg.jpg/405px-Gr%C3%BCne_Zitadelle_von_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gr%C3%BCne_Zitadelle_von_Magdeburg.jpg/540px-Gr%C3%BCne_Zitadelle_von_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4429" data-file-height="2953" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Green Citadel of Magdeburg, built in 2005</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 199.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 197.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadion_Magdeburg_Luftbild_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The MDCC-Arena - a Soccer stadium, built in 2006"><img alt="The MDCC-Arena - a Soccer stadium, built in 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Stadion_Magdeburg_Luftbild_2.JPG/296px-Stadion_Magdeburg_Luftbild_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="198" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Stadion_Magdeburg_Luftbild_2.JPG/443px-Stadion_Magdeburg_Luftbild_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Stadion_Magdeburg_Luftbild_2.JPG/591px-Stadion_Magdeburg_Luftbild_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1402" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/MDCC-Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="MDCC-Arena">MDCC-Arena</a> - a Soccer stadium, built in 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haus_BreiterWeg_Magdeburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Restored building - Baroque architecture"><img alt="Restored building - Baroque architecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Haus_BreiterWeg_Magdeburg.JPG/214px-Haus_BreiterWeg_Magdeburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="143" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Haus_BreiterWeg_Magdeburg.JPG/321px-Haus_BreiterWeg_Magdeburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Haus_BreiterWeg_Magdeburg.JPG/428px-Haus_BreiterWeg_Magdeburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Restored building - <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architecture</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <p>Magdeburg is one of the major towns along the <a href="/wiki/Elbe_Cycle_Route" title="Elbe Cycle Route">Elbe Cycle Route</a> (Elberadweg). Its area is 201.03 km<sup>2</sup> (77.62 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg,_administrative_districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Magdeburg%2C_administrative_districts.svg/500px-Magdeburg%2C_administrative_districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="707" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Magdeburg%2C_administrative_districts.svg/750px-Magdeburg%2C_administrative_districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Magdeburg%2C_administrative_districts.svg/1000px-Magdeburg%2C_administrative_districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Magdeburg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3></div> <p>The city of Magdeburg is divided into 40 <i><a href="/wiki/Stadtteil" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadtteil">Stadtteile</a></i> (districts).<sup id="cite_ref-demog_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demog-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of these, the former municipalities Beyendorf-Sohlen, Pechau and Randau-Calenberge, have a special status as <i>Ortschaften</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hauptsatzung_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hauptsatzung-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Stadtteile</i> of Magdeburg are:<sup id="cite_ref-demog_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demog-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr class="background:#EAECF0;"> <td> <ul><li>Alt Olvenstedt</li> <li>Alte Neustadt</li> <li>Altstadt</li> <li>Barleber See</li> <li>Berliner Chaussee</li> <li>Beyendorfer Grund</li> <li>Beyendorf-Sohlen</li> <li>Brückfeld</li> <li>Buckau</li> <li>Cracau</li> <li>Diesdorf</li> <li>Fermersleben</li> <li>Gewerbegebiet Nord</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Großer Silberberg</li> <li>Herrenkrug</li> <li>Hopfengarten</li> <li>Magdeburg-Industriehafen</li> <li>Kannenstieg</li> <li>Kreuzhorst</li> <li>Leipziger Straße</li> <li>Lemsdorf</li> <li>Neu Olvenstedt</li> <li>Neue Neustadt</li> <li>Neustädter Feld</li> <li>Neustädter See</li> <li>Nordwest</li> <li>Ottersleben</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>Pechau</li> <li>Prester</li> <li>Randau-Calenberge</li> <li>Reform</li> <li>Rothensee</li> <li>Salbke</li> <li>Stadtfeld Ost</li> <li>Stadtfeld West</li> <li>Sudenburg</li> <li>Sülzegrund</li> <li>Werder</li> <li>Westerhüsen</li> <li>Zipkeleben</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>Magdeburg has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>; <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>: <i>Dobk</i>) according to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. The weather is damp and chilly in winters, with 71.7 days per year in which the minimum temperature is below the freezing point, and 15.6 days with maximum temperature below the 0 °C (32 °F) mark.<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magdeburg is warm and relatively wet in summer and can sometimes become hot. Annually, 48.9 days have maximum temperature above 25 °C (77 °F), of which 12 days have daily maximum above 30 °C (86 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On average, there are 20.9 days with <a href="/wiki/Thunder" title="Thunder">thunder</a> and 0.8 days with <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hail</a>, annually. Thunder is more common in spring and summer than other times of the year, while hail exclusively occurs in spring and summer months.<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Magdeburg weather station has recorded the following extreme values:<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Its highest temperature was 38.2 °C (100.8 °F) on <a href="/wiki/2022_European_heatwaves#July_heatwave_2" title="2022 European heatwaves">20 July 2022</a>.</li> <li>Its lowest temperature was −29.6 °C (−21.3 °F) on 27 January 1942.</li> <li>Its greatest annual precipitation was 831.5 mm (32.74 in) in 1926.</li> <li>Its least annual precipitation was 299.8 mm (11.80 in) in 1911.</li> <li>The longest annual sunshine was 2,168.1 hours in 2018.</li> <li>The shortest annual sunshine was 1,393.0 hours in 1984.</li></ul> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Magdeburg (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1881–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.2<br />(100.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.8<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.6<br />(−21.3) </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.7<br />(−14.3) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.6<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.9<br />(19.6) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.9<br />(−7.4) </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.6<br />(−8.7) </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−25.4<br />(−13.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(1.51) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(1.03) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(1.37) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(1.09) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1<br />(2.21) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8<br />(2.04) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.9<br />(2.40) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.3<br />(1.70) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(1.45) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(1.56) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">515.8<br />(20.31) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.7<br />(3.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.9 </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.7 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">165.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.7 </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.6 </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.9 </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1 </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.3 </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1 </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.3 </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.1 </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.8 </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.4 </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.9 </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #6D6D6D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.7 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.8 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.9 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.5 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.8 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.4 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">230.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.7 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.7 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.0 </td> <td style="background: #707070; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59.7 </td> <td style="background: #595959; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.1 </td> <td style="background: #C3C310; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,754.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NCEI</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> / SKlima.de<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1400</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1620</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−16.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1825</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,647</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+46.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1855</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">61,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">84,401</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+37.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1885</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,291</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">202,234</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+76.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">229,667</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">279,629</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1919</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">285,856</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">293,959</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">306,894</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">336,838</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">346,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1945</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">225,030</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−35.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">260,305</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">259,320</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">262,437</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">267,817</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">271,906</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">279,430</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">287,362</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">288,975</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">280,536</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">229,755</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−18.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">228,144</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">241,517</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (August 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>As of 2021, Magdeburg has a population of about 237,000. Its population grew rapidly after the end of 19th century due to industrialization. In 1885, the population was 100,000, and doubled after only five years. Magdeburg reached its greatest population in 1940, at approximately 346,000. At that time the city was poised to become a giant metropolis, but the events of WWII changed its future. After the war, in the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> era, Magdeburg recovered its industrial base to a degree, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">Machine industry</a>, and became one of the important cities of East Germany. In 1991, when Magdeburg became the capital of the state of <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>, its population was about 275,000. After the <a href="/wiki/German_Reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="German Reunification">German Reunification</a>, the population of Magdeburg declined due to some loss of industries, when many residents moved to former <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>. Since 2011, the population has stabilized at around 240,000. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Rank </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Nationality </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Population (2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>5,341 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>4,893 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>2,379 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>1,431 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>1,348 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>1,253 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1,013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>947 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>833 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>674 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor_and_city_council">Mayor and city council</h3></div> <p>The mayor of Magdeburg is <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent politician</a> Simone Borris since 2022. The most recent mayoral election was held on 24 April 2022, with a runoff held on 8 May, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Simone Borris </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a>, future!, <a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Environment Animal Protection">MUT</a>) </td> <td>33,065 </td> <td>44.3 </td> <td>39,201 </td> <td>64.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left">Jens Rösler </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> </td> <td>20,080 </td> <td>26.3 </td> <td>21,298 </td> <td>35.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left">Tobias Krull </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> </td> <td>9,327 </td> <td>12.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left">Nicole Anger </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> </td> <td>5,230 </td> <td>6.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left">Frank Pasemann </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> </td> <td>3,802 </td> <td>5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Till Isenhuth </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>1,676 </td> <td>2.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left">Sarah Biedermann </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> </td> <td>1,289 </td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#3d499a"> </td> <td align="left">Bettina Fassl </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Human_Rights,_Animal_and_Nature_Protection" title="Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection">Animal Protection Alliance</a> </td> <td>1,103 </td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left">André Jordan </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>860 </td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>76,432 </th> <th>99.6 </th> <th>60,508 </th> <th>99.4 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>302 </th> <th>0.4 </th> <th>340 </th> <th>0.6 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>76,734 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>60,848 </th> <th>100.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>189,916 </th> <th>40.4 </th> <th>189,471 </th> <th>32.1 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlergebnisse.magdeburg.de/OB2022/">City of Magdeburg</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td>75,972 </td> <td>23.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.2 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td>72,626 </td> <td>22.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.4 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td>47,852 </td> <td>15.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (Die Linke) </td> <td>32,549 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.1 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td>30,119 </td> <td>9.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.9 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Magdeburg Garden Party (Gartenpartei) </td> <td>14,711 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00545F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">Animal Protection Party</a> (Tierschutzpartei) </td> <td>14,328 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td>13,141 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">future! </td> <td>6,984 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#3d499a"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Human_Rights,_Animal_and_Nature_Protection" title="Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection">Animal Protection Alliance</a> (Tierschutzallianz) </td> <td>5,495 </td> <td>1.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt Germany</a> (Volt) </td> <td>3,343 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Pößel (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>) </td> <td>809 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Valid votes </th> <th>319,022 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Invalid balots </th> <th>1,620 </th> <th>1.5 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total ballots </th> <th>109,729 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>56 </th> <th>±0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>187,588 </th> <th>58.5 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.1 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlergebnisse.magdeburg.de/">City of Magdeburg</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Otto-von-Guericke_University_Magdeburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg">Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Otto-von-Guericke_University_Magdeburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg">Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg</a> (German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg) was founded in 1993 and is one of the newest universities in Germany. The university in Magdeburg has about 13,000 students in nine faculties. There are 11,700 papers published in international journals from this institute. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg-Stendal_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences">Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences</a> was founded in 1991. There are 30 direct study programs in five departments in Magdeburg and two departments in Stendal. The university has more than 130 professors and approximately 4,500 students at Magdeburg and 1,900 at Stendal. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blick_auf_die_Otto-von-Guericke_Universit%C3%A4t_Magdeburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of the University area"><img alt="Aerial view of the University area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Blick_auf_die_Otto-von-Guericke_Universit%C3%A4t_Magdeburg.JPG/270px-Blick_auf_die_Otto-von-Guericke_Universit%C3%A4t_Magdeburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Blick_auf_die_Otto-von-Guericke_Universit%C3%A4t_Magdeburg.JPG/405px-Blick_auf_die_Otto-von-Guericke_Universit%C3%A4t_Magdeburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Blick_auf_die_Otto-von-Guericke_Universit%C3%A4t_Magdeburg.JPG/540px-Blick_auf_die_Otto-von-Guericke_Universit%C3%A4t_Magdeburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view of the University area</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_Tower_und_Fakult%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Elektro-_und_Informationstechnik.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campus Tower of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg"><img alt="Campus Tower of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Campus_Tower_und_Fakult%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Elektro-_und_Informationstechnik.jpg/240px-Campus_Tower_und_Fakult%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Elektro-_und_Informationstechnik.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Campus_Tower_und_Fakult%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Elektro-_und_Informationstechnik.jpg/360px-Campus_Tower_und_Fakult%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Elektro-_und_Informationstechnik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Campus_Tower_und_Fakult%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Elektro-_und_Informationstechnik.jpg/480px-Campus_Tower_und_Fakult%C3%A4t_f%C3%BCr_Elektro-_und_Informationstechnik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Campus Tower of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UB_MD_innen.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg library"><img alt="Magdeburg library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/UB_MD_innen.JPG/250px-UB_MD_innen.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/UB_MD_innen.JPG/500px-UB_MD_innen.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Magdeburg library</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hochschule_Magdeburg-Stendal_(FH).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Building No.1 of the University of Applied Sciences in Magdeburg"><img alt="Building No.1 of the University of Applied Sciences in Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hochschule_Magdeburg-Stendal_%28FH%29.jpg/272px-Hochschule_Magdeburg-Stendal_%28FH%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hochschule_Magdeburg-Stendal_%28FH%29.jpg/408px-Hochschule_Magdeburg-Stendal_%28FH%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hochschule_Magdeburg-Stendal_%28FH%29.jpg/544px-Hochschule_Magdeburg-Stendal_%28FH%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Building No.1 of the University of Applied Sciences in Magdeburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konservatorium.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Conservatory – "Georg-Philipp-Telemann""><img alt="Conservatory – "Georg-Philipp-Telemann"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Konservatorium.jpg/240px-Konservatorium.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Konservatorium.jpg/360px-Konservatorium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Konservatorium.jpg/480px-Konservatorium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Conservatory</a> – "Georg-Philipp-Telemann"</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_architecture">Culture and architecture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weihnachtsmarkt_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Weihnachtsmarkt_Magdeburg.jpg/220px-Weihnachtsmarkt_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Weihnachtsmarkt_Magdeburg.jpg/330px-Weihnachtsmarkt_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Weihnachtsmarkt_Magdeburg.jpg/440px-Weihnachtsmarkt_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>Christmas-Market Magdeburg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3></div> <p>Magdeburg has a municipal theatre, <a href="/wiki/Theater_Magdeburg" title="Theater Magdeburg">Theater Magdeburg</a>. </p><p>Magdeburg is well known for the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Christmas_market" title="Magdeburg Christmas market">Magdeburg Christmas market</a>, which is an attraction for 1.5 million visitors every year. Other events are the <i>Stadtfest</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Street_Day" title="Christopher Street Day">Christopher Street Day</a></i>, <i>Elbe in Flames</i>, and the <i>Europafest Magdeburg</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The autumn fair (formerly men's fair) of Magdeburg goes back to Germany's oldest folk festival. The tradition dates back to September 1010, when the holy feast of the Theban Legion was celebrated in Magdeburg (then called Magathaburg).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Event_venues">Event venues</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GETEC_Arena_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GETEC_Arena_Magdeburg.jpg/250px-GETEC_Arena_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GETEC_Arena_Magdeburg.jpg/330px-GETEC_Arena_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/GETEC_Arena_Magdeburg.jpg/500px-GETEC_Arena_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/GETEC_Arena" title="GETEC Arena">GETEC Arena</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg,_Blick_vom_Jahrtausendturm_zur_Seeb%C3%BChne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Magdeburg%2C_Blick_vom_Jahrtausendturm_zur_Seeb%C3%BChne.jpg/220px-Magdeburg%2C_Blick_vom_Jahrtausendturm_zur_Seeb%C3%BChne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Magdeburg%2C_Blick_vom_Jahrtausendturm_zur_Seeb%C3%BChne.jpg/330px-Magdeburg%2C_Blick_vom_Jahrtausendturm_zur_Seeb%C3%BChne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Magdeburg%2C_Blick_vom_Jahrtausendturm_zur_Seeb%C3%BChne.jpg/440px-Magdeburg%2C_Blick_vom_Jahrtausendturm_zur_Seeb%C3%BChne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>View of the Lake-Stage in Elbauenpark</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_asv2022-08_img27_Hubbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Magdeburg_asv2022-08_img27_Hubbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/220px-Magdeburg_asv2022-08_img27_Hubbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Magdeburg_asv2022-08_img27_Hubbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/330px-Magdeburg_asv2022-08_img27_Hubbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Magdeburg_asv2022-08_img27_Hubbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/440px-Magdeburg_asv2022-08_img27_Hubbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7648" data-file-height="4302" /></a><figcaption>Magdeburg Vertical-lift bridge (Hubbrücke)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Altes Theater am Jerichower Platz – Former theater, used for parties and large conferences</li> <li>AMO – Culture and congress building</li> <li>Buttergasse – Night club near the city centre at "Alter Markt" – house-, electro, pop and black music</li> <li>Concert hall Georg Philipp Telemann at "Kloster unser lieben Frauen"</li> <li>Factory – Former factory building, German and international pop, rock, metal, and indie music artists are featured</li> <li>Festung Mark – Part of the former city fortification, now reconstructed for parties and conventions</li> <li>Feuerwache – Former fire station, repurposed for events</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GETEC_Arena" title="GETEC Arena">GETEC Arena</a> – Biggest multi-purpose hall in Saxony-Anhalt, home of handball team <a href="/wiki/SC_Magdeburg" title="SC Magdeburg">SC Magdeburg</a></li> <li>halber85 – Conventions, partys, conferences</li> <li>Kunstkantine – Factory cafeteria, monthly electro-music parties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDCC-Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="MDCC-Arena">MDCC-Arena</a> – Home of <a href="/wiki/1._FC_Magdeburg" title="1. FC Magdeburg">1. FC Magdeburg</a></li> <li>Messe Magdeburg – Official trade fair site</li> <li>Prinzzclub – Night club at Halberstädter Straße – house-, electro, and black music</li> <li>Seebühne at Elbauenpark</li> <li>Stadthalle – Concert hall</li> <li>Studentenclub Baracke – Night club especially for students – house-, electro, rock, pop, indie and black music</li> <li>Tessenow Loft – Conventions, partys, conferences</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <ul><li>Magdeburg Museum of Cultural History</li> <li>Otto-von-Guericke-Museum Lukasklause</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahrtausendturm" title="Jahrtausendturm">Jahrtausendturm</a></li> <li>Magdeburg Museum of Nature</li> <li>Magdeburg Museum of Technology</li> <li>Art Museum in the Monastery of Our Lady</li> <li>Magdeburg Circus Museum</li> <li>Magdeburg Hairdressing Museum</li> <li>Steamboat Württemberg – a museum ship</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:02_Magdeburg_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/02_Magdeburg_004.jpg/220px-02_Magdeburg_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/02_Magdeburg_004.jpg/330px-02_Magdeburg_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/02_Magdeburg_004.jpg/440px-02_Magdeburg_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cathedral of Magdeburg</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_St_Petri_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Magdeburg_St_Petri_02.jpg/220px-Magdeburg_St_Petri_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Magdeburg_St_Petri_02.jpg/330px-Magdeburg_St_Petri_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Magdeburg_St_Petri_02.jpg/440px-Magdeburg_St_Petri_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4165" data-file-height="2383" /></a><figcaption>The three churches at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eingang_Zoo_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eingang_Zoo_Magdeburg.jpg/220px-Eingang_Zoo_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eingang_Zoo_Magdeburg.jpg/330px-Eingang_Zoo_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Eingang_Zoo_Magdeburg.jpg/440px-Eingang_Zoo_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Entrance – Zoo Magdeburg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cathedral">Cathedral</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Magdeburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Magdeburg">Cathedral of Magdeburg</a></div> <p>One of Magdeburg's most impressive buildings is the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Lutheran</a> Cathedral of Saints <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Catherine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurice" title="Saint Maurice">Maurice</a> with a height of 104 m (341.21 ft), making it the tallest church building of eastern Germany. It is notable for its beautiful and unique sculptures, especially the "Twelve Virgins" at the Northern Gate, the depictions of <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I the Great</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Eadgyth" title="Eadgyth">Editha</a> as well as the statues of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurice" title="Saint Maurice">St Maurice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">St Catherine</a>. The predecessor of the cathedral was a church built in 937 within an abbey, called St. Maurice. Emperor Otto I the Great was buried here beside his wife in 973. St. Maurice burnt to ashes in 1207. The exact location of that church remained unknown for a long time. The foundations were rediscovered in May 2003, revealing a building 80 m (262.47 ft) long and 41 m (134.51 ft) wide. </p><p>The construction of the new church lasted 300 years. The cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice was the first <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> church building in Germany. The building of the steeples was completed as late as 1520. </p><p>While the cathedral was virtually the only building to survive the massacres of the Thirty Years' War, it suffered damage in World War II. It was soon rebuilt and completed in 1955. </p><p>The square in front of the cathedral (also called the <i>Neuer Markt</i>, or "new marketplace") was occupied by an imperial palace (<i>Kaiserpfalz</i>), which was destroyed in the fire of 1207. The stones from the ruin were used for the building of the cathedral. The presumed remains of the palace were excavated in the 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_sights">Other sights</h4></div> <ul><li><i>Unser Lieben Frauen </i>Monastery (Our Lady), 11th century, containing the church of St. Mary. Today a museum for Modern Art. Home of the National Collection of Small Art Statues of the GDR (Nationale Sammlung Kleinkunstplastiken der DDR).</li> <li>The <i>Magdeburger Reiter</i> ("Magdeburg Rider", 1240), the first free-standing equestrian sculpture north of the Alps. It probably depicts the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I</a>.</li> <li>City hall (1698). This building had stood on the market place since the 13th century, but it was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War; the new city hall was built in a <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> style influenced by Dutch architecture. It was renovated and re-opened in Oct 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt">Landtag</a>; the seat of the government of Saxony-Anhalt with its <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> façade built-in 1724.</li> <li>Monuments depicting <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a> (1907), <a href="/wiki/Eike_von_Repgow" class="mw-redirect" title="Eike von Repgow">Eike von Repkow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben</a>.</li> <li>Ruins of the greatest fortress of the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>.</li> <li>Rotehorn-Park</li> <li>Elbauenpark containing the highest wooden structure in Germany.</li> <li>St. Sebastian's Cathedral, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Magdeburg" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg">Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg</a>.</li> <li>St. John Church (Johanniskirche)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gruson-Gew%C3%A4chsh%C3%A4user" title="Gruson-Gewächshäuser">Gruson-Gewächshäuser</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouse</a> complex</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Water_Bridge" title="Magdeburg Water Bridge">Magdeburg Water Bridge</a>, Europe's longest water bridge</li> <li>"Die Grüne Zitadelle" or The Green Citadel of Magdeburg, a large, pink building of a modern architectural style designed by <a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Friedensreich Hundertwasser</a> and completed in 2005.</li> <li>Jerusalem Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Zoo" title="Magdeburg Zoo">Zoo Magdeburg</a></li> <li>St. Johannis Church</li> <li>St. Petri Church, with stained glass by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Crodel" title="Charles Crodel">Charles Crodel</a></li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1160px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View to a part of the city centre, seen from the tower of the St.-Johannis Church"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg/1150px-Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="1150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg/1725px-Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg/2300px-Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10021" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Blick_von_der_Johanniskirche_11.jpg" title="File:Blick von der Johanniskirche 11.jpg"> </a></div>View to a part of the city centre, seen from the tower of the St.-Johannis Church</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div style="background-color:#f8f9fa;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #f8f9fa;width:300px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#f8f9fa;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FC_Magdeburg_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/FC_Magdeburg_1.jpg/149px-FC_Magdeburg_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/FC_Magdeburg_1.jpg/224px-FC_Magdeburg_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/FC_Magdeburg_1.jpg/298px-FC_Magdeburg_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SC_Magdeburg_Handball_Pano_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SC_Magdeburg_Handball_Pano_3.jpg/149px-SC_Magdeburg_Handball_Pano_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SC_Magdeburg_Handball_Pano_3.jpg/224px-SC_Magdeburg_Handball_Pano_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SC_Magdeburg_Handball_Pano_3.jpg/298px-SC_Magdeburg_Handball_Pano_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5144" data-file-height="3005" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="display:table-row"><div class="thumbcaption" style="display:table-cell;background-color:#F8F8FF;font-size:95%"><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/1._FC_Magdeburg" title="1. FC Magdeburg">FCM</a> and <a href="/wiki/SC_Magdeburg" title="SC Magdeburg">SCM</a> venues</div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Magdeburg has a proud history of sports teams. <a href="/wiki/1._FC_Magdeburg" title="1. FC Magdeburg">1. FC Magdeburg</a> plays in the <a href="/wiki/2._Bundesliga" title="2. Bundesliga">2. Bundesliga</a>, the second division of German football. They are the only East German football club to have won the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="UEFA Cup Winners' Cup">UEFA Cup Winners' Cup</a>. The now-defunct clubs <a href="/wiki/SV_Victoria_96_Magdeburg" title="SV Victoria 96 Magdeburg">SV Victoria 96 Magdeburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket_Viktoria_Magdeburg" title="Cricket Viktoria Magdeburg">Cricket Viktoria Magdeburg</a> were among the first football clubs in Germany. </p><p>There is also the very successful <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a> team, <a href="/wiki/SC_Magdeburg" title="SC Magdeburg">SC Magdeburg</a>. They won multiple times the <a href="/wiki/Handball-Bundesliga" title="Handball-Bundesliga">Handball-Bundesliga (HBL)</a>, <a href="/wiki/DHB-Pokal" title="DHB-Pokal">DHB-Pokal</a>, <a href="/wiki/DHB-Supercup" title="DHB-Supercup">DHB-Supercup</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHF_European_League" title="EHF European League">EHF European League</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHF_Champions_League" title="EHF Champions League">EHF Champions League</a>, <a href="/wiki/EHF_Men%27s_Champions_Trophy" title="EHF Men's Champions Trophy">EHF Men's Champions Trophy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/IHF_Men%27s_Super_Globe" title="IHF Men's Super Globe">IHF Men's Super Globe</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Discus_throw" title="Discus throw">discus</a> was re-discovered in Magdeburg in the 1870s by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Georg_Kohlrausch" title="Christian Georg Kohlrausch">Christian Georg Kohlrausch</a>, a gymnastics teacher. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Magdeburg is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1977)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a>, Germany (1987)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, United States (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a>, Ukraine (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a>, Poland (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>, China (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, France (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a>, Israel (2024)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A–K"><span id="A.E2.80.93K"></span>A–K</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto-von-Guericke-TS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Otto-von-Guericke-TS.jpg/250px-Otto-von-Guericke-TS.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Otto-von-Guericke-TS.jpg/330px-Otto-von-Guericke-TS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telemann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Telemann.jpg/160px-Telemann.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Telemann.jpg/240px-Telemann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Telemann.jpg/320px-Telemann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Georg Philipp Telemann</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Anders" title="Ernst Anders">Ernst Anders</a> (1845–1911), portrait and genre painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Assmann" title="Richard Assmann">Richard Assmann</a> (1845–1918), meteorologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Av%C3%A9-Lallemant" title="Theodor Avé-Lallemant">Theodor Avé-Lallemant</a> (1806–1890), music critic and writer on music</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfons_Bach" title="Alfons Bach">Alfons Bach</a>, (1904–1999), industrial designer<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Behrens" title="Kurt Behrens">Kurt Behrens</a> (1884–1928), springboard diver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Bieberstein" title="Arno Bieberstein">Arno Bieberstein</a> (1884–1918), swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_B%C3%B6hrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessica Böhrs">Jessica Böhrs</a> (born 1980), actress and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Busse" title="Henry Busse">Henry Busse</a> (1894–1955), trumpeter and bandleader, emigrated to the US at 18</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Adelbert Delbrück">Adelbert Delbrück</a> (1822–1890), banker and lawyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarethe_D%C3%BCren" title="Margarethe Düren">Margarethe Düren</a> (1904–1988), German operatic soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ernst_Fesca" title="Friedrich Ernst Fesca">Friedrich Ernst Fesca</a> (1789–1826), violinist and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gericke" title="Hans Gericke">Hans Gericke</a> (1912–2014), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Giering" title="Frank Giering">Frank Giering</a> (1971–2010), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Giese" title="Harry Giese">Harry Giese</a> (1903–1991), actor and spokesman in Nazi newsreels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Gradnauer" title="Georg Gradnauer">Georg Gradnauer</a> (1866–1946), newspaper editor and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Alfred Grünberg">Alfred Grünberg</a> (1901–1942), worker, KPD member and resistance fighter against Nazism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a> (1602–1686), mayor and inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres" title="Magdeburg hemispheres">Magdeburg hemispheres</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke_University_Magdeburg" title="Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg">Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg</a> is named after him</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Friedrich_Hasselbach" title="Carl Gustav Friedrich Hasselbach">Carl Gustav Friedrich Hasselbach</a> (1809–1882), mayor and member of the Prussian House of Lords; a square in the centre of Magdeburg is named after him</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrike_Helzel" title="Ulrike Helzel">Ulrike Helzel</a>, soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_von_Haeseler" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottlieb von Haeseler">Gottlieb von Haeseler</a> (1701–1752), entrepreneur in the Duchy of Magdeburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolf_Huhn" title="Ingolf Huhn">Ingolf Huhn</a> (born 1955), theatre and opera manager</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmann_Wilhem_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmann Wilhem Otto (page does not exist)">Hartmann Wilhem Otto</a> (1876–1960), immigrated to the US, where he changed his name to William Hartman and served as a Rough Rider in the Spanish–American War together with Theodore Roosevelt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Georg_Kohlrausch" title="Christian Georg Kohlrausch">Christian Georg Kohlrausch</a> (1851–1934), gymnastics teacher and re-discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Discus_throw" title="Discus throw">discus throwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna-Maria_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck" title="Anna-Maria Henckel von Donnersmarck">Anna-Maria Henckel von Donnersmarck</a> (born 1940), political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hindenburg" title="Carl Hindenburg">Carl Hindenburg</a> (1820–1899), cycling official and first president of the German Cyclist Federation (DRB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Jost" title="Heinrich Jost">Heinrich Jost</a> (1889–1948), typeface designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_J%C3%BCngel" title="Eberhard Jüngel">Eberhard Jüngel</a> (1934–2021), German Lutheran theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Georg Kaiser</a> (1878–1945), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Kleinert" title="Nadine Kleinert">Nadine Kleinert</a> (born 1975), retired shot putter, Olympic and World Championship silver medallist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Kobelt" title="Wilhelm Kobelt">Wilhelm Kobelt</a> (1865–1927), member of the Reichstag and local politician in Magdeburg</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolf_Kohnert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolf Kohnert (page does not exist)">Rolf Kohnert</a> (born 1938), engineer, 3 times Australian masters cycling champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Kretzschmar" title="Stefan Kretzschmar">Stefan Kretzschmar</a> (born 1973), handball player and Olympic medallist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BChne" title="Hans Kühne">Hans Kühne</a> (1880–1969), chemist on the board of I.G. Farben and defendant during the Nuremberg trials</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L–Z"><span id="L.E2.80.93Z"></span>L–Z</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002352-0002,_Bonn,_Bundestag,_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge,_Ollenhauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002352-0002%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Ollenhauer.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002352-0002%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Ollenhauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002352-0002%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Ollenhauer.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002352-0002%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Ollenhauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002352-0002%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Ollenhauer.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F002352-0002%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundestag%2C_Pariser_Vertr%C3%A4ge%2C_Ollenhauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ollenhauer" title="Erich Ollenhauer">Erich Ollenhauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> 1954</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben.jpg/150px-Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben.jpg/225px-Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben.jpg/300px-Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben</a> 1782</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Ernst Lehmann (1908–1945), SPD politician, active in the resistance against Nazism</li> <li>Otto Lehmann (1900–1936), resistance fighter against Nazism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Marcks" title="Werner Marcks">Werner Marcks</a> (1896–1967), lieutenant general in World War II</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Malolepski" class="mw-redirect" title="Olaf Malolepski">Olaf Malolepski</a> (born 1946), singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A4re_Mj%C3%B8en" title="Cläre Mjøen">Cläre Mjøen</a> (1874–1963), German and Norwegian translator and women's rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Carl_Simon_Morgenstern" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Carl Simon Morgenstern">Johann Carl Simon Morgenstern</a> (1770–1852), philologist who coined the term <a href="/wiki/Bildungsroman" title="Bildungsroman">Bildungsroman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_von_Niemeyer" title="Felix von Niemeyer">Felix von Niemeyer</a> (1820–1871), physician, royal Württemberg personal physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Nowak_(bishop)" title="Leo Nowak (bishop)">Leo Nowak</a> (born 1929), Roman Catholic bishop of Magdeburg (1990–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> (born 1942), biologist, the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Kuznetsov" title="Oleh Kuznetsov">Oleh Kuznetsov</a> (born 1963), Ukrainian football coach and former professional player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_%C3%96lze" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Ölze">Richard Ölze</a> (1900–1980), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ollenhauer" title="Erich Ollenhauer">Erich Ollenhauer</a> (1901–1963), leader of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> 1952–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Pressler" title="Menahem Pressler">Menahem Pressler</a> (1923–2023), pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Reuter" title="Ernst Reuter">Ernst Reuter</a> (1889–1953), Mayor of Magdeburg 1931–1933, then Mayor of West Berlin in 1948–1953</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Rosen" title="Willy Rosen">Willy Rosen</a> (1894–1944) composer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ruppin" title="Arthur Ruppin">Arthur Ruppin</a> (1876–1943), Zionist thinker and leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Sch%C3%A4fer_(drummer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Schäfer (drummer)">Gustav Schäfer</a> (1988–), drummer and musician for <a href="/wiki/Tokio_Hotel" title="Tokio Hotel">Tokio Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekkehard_Schall" title="Ekkehard Schall">Ekkehard Schall</a> (1930–2005), actor and theatre director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Schmelzer" title="Marcel Schmelzer">Marcel Schmelzer</a> (born 1988), footballer</li> <li>Karl Schmidt (1902–1945), resistance fighter against Nazism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petra_Schmidt-Schaller" title="Petra Schmidt-Schaller">Petra Schmidt-Schaller</a> (born 1980), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Schoof" title="Manfred Schoof">Manfred Schoof</a> (born 1936), jazz trumpeter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Schreyer" title="Wolfgang Schreyer">Wolfgang Schreyer</a> (1927–2017), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarete_Sch%C3%B6n" title="Margarete Schön">Margarete Schön</a> (1895–1985), stage and film actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Shyshkin" title="Ivan Shyshkin">Ivan Shyshkin</a> (born 1983), Ukrainian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Singer" title="Kurt Singer">Kurt Singer</a> (1886–1962), philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben</a> (1730–1794), American patriot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Christian_Sturm" title="Christoph Christian Sturm">Christoph Christian Sturm</a> (1740–1786), preacher and author, wrote the majority of his devotional works here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Taut" title="Bruno Taut">Bruno Taut</a> (1880–1938), city architect 1921–1923, completed two housing projects in Magdeburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Georg Philipp Telemann</a> (1681–1767), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Thunemann" title="Klaus Thunemann">Klaus Thunemann</a> (born 1937), bassoon professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_von_Tresckow" title="Henning von Tresckow">Henning von Tresckow</a> (1901–1944), major general in the <i>Wehrmacht</i>, active in the military resistance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_von_Trotha" title="Lothar von Trotha">Lothar von Trotha</a> (1848–1920), military commander notorious for presiding over the <a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Namaqua_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Herero and Namaqua genocide">near-extermination of the Herero</a> in <a href="/wiki/German_South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="German South-West Africa">German South-West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wallenda" title="Karl Wallenda">Karl Wallenda</a> (1905–1978), highwire acrobat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Walzel" title="Camillo Walzel">Camillo Walzel</a> (1829–1895), <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">librettist</a> and theatre director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Weitling" title="Wilhelm Weitling">Wilhelm Weitling</a> (1808–1871), <a href="/wiki/Utopian_Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopian Socialist">utopian Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Zahn" title="Dieter Zahn">Dieter Zahn</a> (born 1940), <a href="/wiki/Double-bassist" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-bassist">double-bassist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejan_Zavec" class="mw-redirect" title="Dejan Zavec">Dejan Zavec</a> (born 1976), Slovenian welterweight boxer, IBF Welterweight Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Zschokke" title="Heinrich Zschokke">Heinrich Zschokke</a> (1771–1848), author and reformer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_William_Ziemann" title="George William Ziemann">George William Ziemann</a> (1809–1881), Christian missionary who served in Magdeburg in the infantry</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery_2">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 248px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blick_%C3%BCber_Magdeburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View over a part of Magdeburg in 2012"><img alt="View over a part of Magdeburg in 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blick_%C3%BCber_Magdeburg.JPG/372px-Blick_%C3%BCber_Magdeburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="248" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blick_%C3%BCber_Magdeburg.JPG/557px-Blick_%C3%BCber_Magdeburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blick_%C3%BCber_Magdeburg.JPG/743px-Blick_%C3%BCber_Magdeburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6010" data-file-height="2914" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View over a part of Magdeburg in 2012</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburger_Dom_Cathedral_(40705658233).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of Magdeburg"><img alt="Cathedral of Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Magdeburger_Dom_Cathedral_%2840705658233%29.jpg/233px-Magdeburger_Dom_Cathedral_%2840705658233%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Magdeburger_Dom_Cathedral_%2840705658233%29.jpg/349px-Magdeburger_Dom_Cathedral_%2840705658233%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Magdeburger_Dom_Cathedral_%2840705658233%29.jpg/465px-Magdeburger_Dom_Cathedral_%2840705658233%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4324" data-file-height="3346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Magdeburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Magdeburg">Cathedral of Magdeburg</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haus_60a_-_Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Magdeburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main building of the university hospital"><img alt="Main building of the university hospital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Haus_60a_-_Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Magdeburg.jpg/240px-Haus_60a_-_Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Magdeburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Haus_60a_-_Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Magdeburg.jpg/360px-Haus_60a_-_Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Magdeburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Haus_60a_-_Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Magdeburg.jpg/480px-Haus_60a_-_Universit%C3%A4tsklinikum_Magdeburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main building of the university hospital</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Johannis_(Magdeburg-Altstadt).ajb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St.-Johannis Church"><img alt="St.-Johannis Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/St._Johannis_%28Magdeburg-Altstadt%29.ajb.jpg/119px-St._Johannis_%28Magdeburg-Altstadt%29.ajb.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/St._Johannis_%28Magdeburg-Altstadt%29.ajb.jpg/179px-St._Johannis_%28Magdeburg-Altstadt%29.ajb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/St._Johannis_%28Magdeburg-Altstadt%29.ajb.jpg/239px-St._Johannis_%28Magdeburg-Altstadt%29.ajb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St.-Johannis Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauptbahnhof_MD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof (Central Station)"><img alt="Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof (Central Station)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hauptbahnhof_MD.jpg/240px-Hauptbahnhof_MD.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hauptbahnhof_MD.jpg/360px-Hauptbahnhof_MD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hauptbahnhof_MD.jpg/480px-Hauptbahnhof_MD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Hauptbahnhof" title="Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof">Magdeburg Hauptbahnhof</a> (Central Station)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opernhaus_magdeburg_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg Opera"><img alt="Magdeburg Opera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Opernhaus_magdeburg_11.JPG/240px-Opernhaus_magdeburg_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Opernhaus_magdeburg_11.JPG/360px-Opernhaus_magdeburg_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Opernhaus_magdeburg_11.JPG/480px-Opernhaus_magdeburg_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Theater_Magdeburg" title="Theater Magdeburg">Magdeburg Opera</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:.00_1533_Magdeburg_-_Geb%C3%A4ude_Justizzentrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Judiciary center"><img alt="Judiciary center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/.00_1533_Magdeburg_-_Geb%C3%A4ude_Justizzentrum.jpg/270px-.00_1533_Magdeburg_-_Geb%C3%A4ude_Justizzentrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/.00_1533_Magdeburg_-_Geb%C3%A4ude_Justizzentrum.jpg/405px-.00_1533_Magdeburg_-_Geb%C3%A4ude_Justizzentrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/.00_1533_Magdeburg_-_Geb%C3%A4ude_Justizzentrum.jpg/540px-.00_1533_Magdeburg_-_Geb%C3%A4ude_Justizzentrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Judiciary center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elbauenpark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View over Elbauenpark with Jahrtausendturm"><img alt="View over Elbauenpark with Jahrtausendturm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Elbauenpark.jpg/240px-Elbauenpark.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Elbauenpark.jpg/360px-Elbauenpark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Elbauenpark.jpg/480px-Elbauenpark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View over <a href="/wiki/Elbauenpark" title="Elbauenpark">Elbauenpark</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jahrtausendturm" title="Jahrtausendturm">Jahrtausendturm</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elbufer_Magdeburg_mit_Dom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elbe river in Magdeburg"><img alt="Elbe river in Magdeburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Elbufer_Magdeburg_mit_Dom.jpg/330px-Elbufer_Magdeburg_mit_Dom.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Elbufer_Magdeburg_mit_Dom.jpg/500px-Elbufer_Magdeburg_mit_Dom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Elbufer_Magdeburg_mit_Dom.jpg/960px-Elbufer_Magdeburg_mit_Dom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> river in Magdeburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Nordbrueckenzug.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jerusalem Bridges"><img alt="Jerusalem Bridges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Magdeburg_Nordbrueckenzug.jpg/500px-Magdeburg_Nordbrueckenzug.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Magdeburg_Nordbrueckenzug.jpg/960px-Magdeburg_Nordbrueckenzug.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="1012" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jerusalem Bridges</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Kanalbr%C3%BCcke_aerial_view_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdeburg Water Bridge"><img alt="Magdeburg Water Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Magdeburg_Kanalbr%C3%BCcke_aerial_view_13.jpg/240px-Magdeburg_Kanalbr%C3%BCcke_aerial_view_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Magdeburg_Kanalbr%C3%BCcke_aerial_view_13.jpg/360px-Magdeburg_Kanalbr%C3%BCcke_aerial_view_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Magdeburg_Kanalbr%C3%BCcke_aerial_view_13.jpg/480px-Magdeburg_Kanalbr%C3%BCcke_aerial_view_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="3040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Water_Bridge" title="Magdeburg Water Bridge">Magdeburg Water Bridge</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Hasselbachplatz_2006-11-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hasselbachplatz, an important transport hub"><img alt="The Hasselbachplatz, an important transport hub" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Magdeburg_Hasselbachplatz_2006-11-18.jpg/250px-Magdeburg_Hasselbachplatz_2006-11-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Magdeburg_Hasselbachplatz_2006-11-18.jpg/500px-Magdeburg_Hasselbachplatz_2006-11-18.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Hasselbachplatz, an important transport hub</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allee-Center_Magdeburg_Innen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The "Allee-Center" shopping complex is one of seven shopping centres."><img alt="The "Allee-Center" shopping complex is one of seven shopping centres." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Allee-Center_Magdeburg_Innen.jpg/240px-Allee-Center_Magdeburg_Innen.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Allee-Center_Magdeburg_Innen.jpg/360px-Allee-Center_Magdeburg_Innen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Allee-Center_Magdeburg_Innen.jpg/480px-Allee-Center_Magdeburg_Innen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "Allee-Center" shopping complex is one of seven shopping centres.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_Sternbrucke_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Embankment of the city park"><img alt="Embankment of the city park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Magdeburg_Sternbrucke_2.jpg/240px-Magdeburg_Sternbrucke_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Magdeburg_Sternbrucke_2.jpg/360px-Magdeburg_Sternbrucke_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Magdeburg_Sternbrucke_2.jpg/480px-Magdeburg_Sternbrucke_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Embankment of the city park</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kulturhistorisches-Museum-Magdeburg.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum of culture and history"><img alt="Museum of culture and history" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kulturhistorisches-Museum-Magdeburg.JPG/240px-Kulturhistorisches-Museum-Magdeburg.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kulturhistorisches-Museum-Magdeburg.JPG/360px-Kulturhistorisches-Museum-Magdeburg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Kulturhistorisches-Museum-Magdeburg.JPG/480px-Kulturhistorisches-Museum-Magdeburg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Museum of culture and history</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 365.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 363.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-09-27_17-45_G90T3345_AL_Commons_Landtag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The parliament of Saxony-Anhalt"><img alt="The parliament of Saxony-Anhalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2019-09-27_17-45_G90T3345_AL_Commons_Landtag.jpg/960px-2019-09-27_17-45_G90T3345_AL_Commons_Landtag.jpg" decoding="async" width="364" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/2019-09-27_17-45_G90T3345_AL_Commons_Landtag.jpg/1089px-2019-09-27_17-45_G90T3345_AL_Commons_Landtag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4905" data-file-height="1622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The parliament of Saxony-Anhalt</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres" title="Magdeburg hemispheres">Magdeburg hemispheres</a>, an experimental apparatus used to demonstrate the force of <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a> in 1656 by scientist <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Magdeburg" title="Timeline of Magdeburg">Timeline of Magdeburg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlergebnisse.magdeburg.de/">Mayoral election results, 2022</a>, accessed 4 October 2022. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de/fileadmin/Bibliothek/Landesaemter/StaLa/startseite/Themen/Bevoelkerung/Berichte/Bevoelkerungsstand/6A102_02_22-A.pdf">"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden – Stand: 31. Dezember 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Statistisches_Landesamt_Sachsen-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt">Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de&rft.atitle=Brandkatastrophen+und+deren+Bedeutung+f%C3%BCr+die+Verbreitung+gotischer+Sakralarchitektur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fartdok%2F7156%2F1%2FKremb_Das_Feuer_der_Erneuerung_2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4">https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/index.php?ModID=7&FID=37.19724.1&object=tx%7C37.19724.1">"Bilanz zum Stadtumbau"</a>. <i>magdeburg.de</i> (in German). Magdeburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/Home/Business-Economy/Business-location/Key-industries/?La=2">the original</a> on 26 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.magdeburg.de&rft.atitle=Key+industries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.magdeburg.de%2FHome%2FBusiness-Economy%2FBusiness-location%2FKey-industries%2F%3FLa%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invest-in-saxony-anhalt.com/paper-industry">"The paper industry in Saxony-Anhalt"</a>. <i>www.saxony-anhalt.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saxony-anhalt.com&rft.atitle=The+paper+industry+in+Saxony-Anhalt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.invest-in-saxony-anhalt.com%2Fpaper-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hs-magdeburg.de/home.html">"Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal"</a>. <i>hs-magdeburg.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hs-magdeburg.de&rft.atitle=Hochschule+Magdeburg-Stendal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs-magdeburg.de%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onomastik.com/on_geschichte_magdeburg.php">"Magdeburg: Jungfrau oder Groß? Der Ortsname erklärt"</a> (in German). Onomastik.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magdeburg%3A+Jungfrau+oder+Gro%C3%9F%3F+Der+Ortsname+erkl%C3%A4rt&rft.pub=Onomastik.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onomastik.com%2Fon_geschichte_magdeburg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLöffler1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Löffler, Klemens (1910). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Magdeburg" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magdeburg&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6ffler&rft.aufirst=Klemens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vojnapovijest.vecernji.hr/govorilo-se-ubili-smo-boga-u-magdeburgu-1055793">"Religijski rat – "Ubili smo Boga u Magdeburgu!"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Serbo-Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernji_list" title="Večernji list">Večernji list</a>. 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Religijski+rat+%E2%80%93+%22Ubili+smo+Boga+u+Magdeburgu%21%22&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvojnapovijest.vecernji.hr%2Fgovorilo-se-ubili-smo-boga-u-magdeburgu-1055793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rathmann1806-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rathmann1806_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeinrich_Rathmann1806" class="citation book cs1">Heinrich Rathmann (1806). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TXkAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA238"><i>Geschichte der Stadt Magdeburg von ihrer ersten Entstehung an bis auf gegenwärtige Zeiten</i></a>. Bey dem Buchhändler Johann Adam Creutz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Stadt+Magdeburg+von+ihrer+ersten+Entstehung+an+bis+auf+gegenw%C3%A4rtige+Zeiten&rft.pub=Bey+dem+Buchh%C3%A4ndler+Johann+Adam+Creutz&rft.date=1806&rft.au=Heinrich+Rathmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTXkAAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rein2016-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rein2016_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNathan_Rein2016" class="citation book cs1">Nathan Rein (5 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ReoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT32"><i>The Chancery of God: Protestant Print, Polemic and Propaganda against the Empire, Magdeburg 1546–1551</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 32–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-89314-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-89314-5"><bdi>978-1-351-89314-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chancery+of+God%3A+Protestant+Print%2C+Polemic+and+Propaganda+against+the+Empire%2C+Magdeburg+1546%E2%80%931551&rft.pages=32-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.isbn=978-1-351-89314-5&rft.au=Nathan+Rein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ReoDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GehrtHund2019-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GehrtHund2019_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_GehrtJohannes_HundStefan_Michel2019" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Gehrt; Johannes Hund; Stefan Michel (28 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vtOFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118"><i>Bekennen und Bekenntnis im Kontext der Wittenberger Reformation</i></a>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 118–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-647-57095-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-647-57095-2"><bdi>978-3-647-57095-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bekennen+und+Bekenntnis+im+Kontext+der+Wittenberger+Reformation&rft.pages=118-&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft.isbn=978-3-647-57095-2&rft.au=Daniel+Gehrt&rft.au=Johannes+Hund&rft.au=Stefan+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvtOFDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Guericke, Otto von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Guericke,_Otto_von">"Guericke, Otto von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 670. <q>...he attempted the creation of a vacuum...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guericke%2C+Otto+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=670&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/Home/CitizenPortal/City-History/index.php?NavID=37.446&object=tx%7C115.14.2&La=2">"City & History – Navigation md.de"</a>. <i>www.magdeburg.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.magdeburg.de&rft.atitle=City+%26+History+%E2%80%93+Navigation+md.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.magdeburg.de%2FHome%2FCitizenPortal%2FCity-History%2Findex.php%3FNavID%3D37.446%26object%3Dtx%257C115.14.2%26La%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaldemar_Kowalski" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Waldemar Kowalski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dzieje.pl/artykuly-historyczne/jozef-pilsudski-w-magdeburgu-czyli-wiezien-stanu-nr-1">"Józef Piłsudski w Magdeburgu, czyli więzień stanu nr 1"</a>. <i>Dzieje.pl</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dzieje.pl&rft.atitle=J%C3%B3zef+Pi%C5%82sudski+w+Magdeburgu%2C+czyli+wi%C4%99zie%C5%84+stanu+nr+1&rft.au=Waldemar+Kowalski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzieje.pl%2Fartykuly-historyczne%2Fjozef-pilsudski-w-magdeburgu-czyli-wiezien-stanu-nr-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMegargeeOvermansVogt2022" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 464. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1"><bdi>978-0-253-06089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+IV&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-253-06089-1&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=Overmans%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=2602">"Lager für Sinti und Roma Magdeburg"</a>. <i>Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Lager+f%C3%BCr+Sinti+und+Roma+Magdeburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D2602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ab-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ab_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ab_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=55">"Magdeburg (Polte, Frauen)"</a>. <i>aussenlager-buchenwald.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aussenlager-buchenwald.de&rft.atitle=Magdeburg+%28Polte%2C+Frauen%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aussenlager-buchenwald.de%2Fdetails.html%3Fcamp%3D55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=57">"Magdeburg (Polte, Männer)"</a>. <i>aussenlager-buchenwald.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aussenlager-buchenwald.de&rft.atitle=Magdeburg+%28Polte%2C+M%C3%A4nner%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aussenlager-buchenwald.de%2Fdetails.html%3Fcamp%3D57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=53">"Magdeburg-Rothensee"</a>. <i>aussenlager-buchenwald.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aussenlager-buchenwald.de&rft.atitle=Magdeburg-Rothensee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aussenlager-buchenwald.de%2Fdetails.html%3Fcamp%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMegargee2009" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. <span class="nowrap">388–</span>390. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35328-3"><bdi>978-0-253-35328-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+I&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E388-%3C%2Fspan%3E390&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35328-3&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102121020/http://www.stadtentwicklung-sachsen-anhalt.de/inhalt/situation/">"Zur Situation der Städte"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtentwicklung-sachsen-anhalt.de/inhalt/situation/">the original</a> on 2 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zur+Situation+der+St%C3%A4dte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtentwicklung-sachsen-anhalt.de%2Finhalt%2Fsituation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/10/germans-evacuated-river-elbe">Thousands evacuated as Elbe bursts dam in German floods</a> 10 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy09y32rlnxo">"Magdeburg Christmas market attack: What we know"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 21 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Magdeburg+Christmas+market+attack%3A+What+we+know&rft.date=2024-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcy09y32rlnxo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy09y32rlnxo">"Who is the suspect? What we know so far about Magdeburg market attack"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 21 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Who+is+the+suspect%3F+What+we+know+so+far+about+Magdeburg+market+attack&rft.date=2024-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcy09y32rlnxo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-germany-magdeburg-gets-6-8bn-euros-funding">"Intel Germany Mega Site Gets €6.8bn in European Chips Act Funding"</a>. 7 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+Germany+Mega+Site+Gets+%E2%82%AC6.8bn+in+European+Chips+Act+Funding&rft.date=2022-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomshardware.com%2Fnews%2Fintel-germany-magdeburg-gets-6-8bn-euros-funding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de/themen/gebiet-und-wahlen/gebiet/tabellen-bodenflaeche">"Tabellen Bodenfläche"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistisches_Landesamt_Sachsen-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt">Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabellen+Bodenfl%C3%A4che&rft.pub=Statistisches+Landesamt+Sachsen-Anhalt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistik.sachsen-anhalt.de%2Fthemen%2Fgebiet-und-wahlen%2Fgebiet%2Ftabellen-bodenflaeche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demog-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demog_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demog_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/PDF/Bev%C3%B6lkerung_Demografie_2021_Heft_110.PDF?ObjSvrID=37&ObjID=49447&ObjLa=1&Ext=PDF&WTR=1&_ts=1632221131">Bevölkerung & Demografie 2021</a>, Magdeburger Statistik.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hauptsatzung-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hauptsatzung_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/PDF/Hauptsatzung_Lesefassung.PDF?ObjSvrID=37&ObjID=29045&ObjLa=1&Ext=PDF&WTR=1&_ts=1621502073">Lesefassung der Hauptsatzung der Landeshauptstadt Magdeburg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211004095435/https://www.magdeburg.de/PDF/Hauptsatzung_Lesefassung.PDF?ObjSvrID=37&ObjID=29045&ObjLa=1&Ext=PDF&WTR=1&_ts=1621502073">Archived</a> 4 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 9 November 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012163020/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Magdeburg_10361.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Magdeburg_10361.csv">the original</a> on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FMagdeburg_10361.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sklima-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2">"Monatsauswertung"</a>. <i>sklima.de</i> (in German). SKlima<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sklima.de&rft.atitle=Monatsauswertung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsklima.de%2Fdatenbank_auswertung.php%3Ftab%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_Magdeburg" class="extiw" title="de:Einwohnerentwicklung von Magdeburg">Link</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/">"Germany: States and Major Cities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+States+and+Major+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg-tourist.de/media/custom/557_6496_1.PDF?1572334142">"Magdeburg-Tourist – PFD"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.magdeburg-tourist.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.magdeburg-tourist.de&rft.atitle=Magdeburg-Tourist+%E2%80%93+PFD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.magdeburg-tourist.de%2Fmedia%2Fcustom%2F557_6496_1.PDF%3F1572334142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://csdmagdeburg.de/">"Christopher Street Day – Magdeburg"</a>. <i>csdmagdeburg.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=csdmagdeburg.de&rft.atitle=Christopher+Street+Day+%E2%80%93+Magdeburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcsdmagdeburg.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOttopix2018" class="citation web cs1">Ottopix (2 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottopix.de/messeplatz-max-wille/">"The oldest folk festival in Germany"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+oldest+folk+festival+in+Germany&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft.au=Ottopix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottopix.de%2Fmesseplatz-max-wille%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/Start/B%C3%BCrger-Stadt/Stadt/St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften">"Partnerstädte"</a>. <i>magdeburg.de</i> (in German). Magdeburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=magdeburg.de&rft.atitle=Partnerst%C3%A4dte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.magdeburg.de%2FStart%2FB%25C3%25BCrger-Stadt%2FStadt%2FSt%25C3%25A4dtepartnerschaften&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPace1999" class="citation news cs1">Pace, Eric (23 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/23/arts/alfons-bach-95-designer-of-tubular-furniture.html">"Alfons Bach, 95, Designer of Tubular Furniture"</a>. <i>Arts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arts&rft.atitle=Alfons+Bach%2C+95%2C+Designer+of+Tubular+Furniture&rft.date=1999-08-23&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F08%2F23%2Farts%2Falfons-bach-95-designer-of-tubular-furniture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdeburg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg" class="extiw" title="commons:Magdeburg"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Magdeburg</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Magdeburg#Q1733" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg.de/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magdeburg-tourist.de/">Website for tourists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magdeburg360.de/">Virtual city tour Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottopix.de/">The city of Otto</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">states of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of area states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdeburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-states</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">City of Bremen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">State of Bremen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Unlike the mono-city states Berlin and Hamburg, the State of Bremen consists of two cities, thus state and capital are not identical.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Saxony-Anhalt_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1293" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template talk:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Saxony-Anhalt_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1293" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Saxony-Anhalt"><img alt="Flag of Saxony-Anhalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saxony-Anhalt_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dessau-Ro%C3%9Flau" title="Dessau-Roßlau">Dessau-Roßlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdeburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altmarkkreis_Salzwedel" title="Altmarkkreis Salzwedel">Altmarkkreis Salzwedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Bitterfeld" title="Anhalt-Bitterfeld">Anhalt-Bitterfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rde_(district)" title="Börde (district)">Börde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgenlandkreis" title="Burgenlandkreis">Burgenlandkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harz_(district)" title="Harz (district)">Harz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerichower_Land" title="Jerichower Land">Jerichower Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfeld-S%C3%BCdharz" title="Mansfeld-Südharz">Mansfeld-Südharz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saalekreis" title="Saalekreis">Saalekreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzlandkreis" title="Salzlandkreis">Salzlandkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stendal_(district)" title="Stendal (district)">Stendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittenberg_(district)" title="Wittenberg (district)">Wittenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kreisreform_Sachsen-Anhalt_2007" title="Kreisreform Sachsen-Anhalt 2007">Former districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhalt-Zerbst" title="Anhalt-Zerbst">Anhalt-Zerbst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschersleben-Sta%C3%9Ffurt" title="Aschersleben-Staßfurt">Aschersleben-Staßfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernburg_(district)" title="Bernburg (district)">Bernburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitterfeld_(district)" title="Bitterfeld (district)">Bitterfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rdekreis" title="Bördekreis">Bördekreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgenlandkreis_(former_district)" title="Burgenlandkreis (former district)">Burgenlandkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halberstadt_(district)" title="Halberstadt (district)">Halberstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6then_(district)" title="Köthen (district)">Köthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfelder_Land_(district)" title="Mansfelder Land (district)">Mansfelder Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseburg-Querfurt" title="Merseburg-Querfurt">Merseburg-Querfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrekreis" title="Ohrekreis">Ohrekreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg_(district)" title="Quedlinburg (district)">Quedlinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saalkreis" title="Saalkreis">Saalkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangerhausen_(district)" title="Sangerhausen (district)">Sangerhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nebeck_(district)" title="Schönebeck (district)">Schönebeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenfels_(district)" title="Weißenfels (district)">Weißenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernigerode_(district)" title="Wernigerode (district)">Wernigerode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_East_German_Bezirke332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bezirke_DDR_Seats" title="Template:Bezirke DDR Seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bezirke_DDR_Seats" title="Template talk:Bezirke DDR Seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bezirke_DDR_Seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bezirke DDR Seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_East_German_Bezirke332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_East_Germany#Division_into_Bezirke" title="Administrative divisions of East Germany">Bezirke</a></i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera" title="Gera">Gera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neubrandenburg" title="Neubrandenburg">Neubrandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhl" title="Suhl">Suhl</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of East Germany"><img alt="Flag of East Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/21px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/42px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:East_Germany" title="Portal:East Germany">East Germany portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League814" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanseatic_League" title="Template talk:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League814" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Chief cities shown in <span class="smallcaps">smallcaps</span>.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free Imperial Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wendish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lübeck88" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;;padding:0.75em 1.0em;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demmin" title="Demmin">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kolberg <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kołobrzeg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo" title="Darłowo">Rügenwalde <span style="font-size:85%;">(Darłowo)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Szczecin)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Stolp <span style="font-size:85%;">(Słupsk)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/150px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/225px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/300px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="603" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/250px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/330px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BrunswickMagdeburg197" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdeburg</a></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baltic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Danzig(Gdańsk)309" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk"><span class="smallcaps">Danzig</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(Gdańsk)</span></span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wrocław)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Dorpat <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tartu)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbing <span style="font-size:85%;">(Elbląg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Cracow <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kraków)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Reval <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tallinn)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga <span style="font-size:85%;">(Rīga)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Thorn <span style="font-size:85%;">(Toruń)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westphalian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cologne_1Dortmund_1458" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span><br /><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kontor" title="Kontor">Kontore</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryggen" title="Bryggen">Bryggen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontor_of_Bruges" title="Kontor of Bruges">Kontor of Bruges</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a><sup>2</sup><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelyard" title="Steelyard">Steelyard</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_(Novgorod)" title="Peterhof (Novgorod)">Peterhof</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Vitten</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falsterbo" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Bishop's Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ipswich" title="Port of Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> The kontor was moved to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> once <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> became inaccessible due to the silting of the <a href="/wiki/Zwin" title="Zwin">Zwin</a> channel.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1795" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1733#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1795" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1733#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405145487">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/246047712">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1215666/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCBFcDvbCPkMCvfDPqQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036934-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81112184">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Magdeburg (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge138920&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000774513&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/51892">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557481405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d433ec3e-b140-47a8-b7da-3062e69749a8">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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