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searchaux" style="display:none">American Spiritualist medium</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_Belle_Fraud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Silver_Belle_Fraud.jpg/220px-Silver_Belle_Fraud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Silver_Belle_Fraud.jpg/330px-Silver_Belle_Fraud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Silver_Belle_Fraud.jpg/440px-Silver_Belle_Fraud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>The spirit guide Silver Belle was made from cardboard. Both Parrish and the lady standing outside the curtain were in on the hoax.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ethel Post-Parrish</b> (died 1960) was an American <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualist</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">medium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Post-Parrish&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932 Parrish founded Camp Silver Belle a Spiritualist summer camp situated at <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Springs_Hotel" title="Mountain Springs Hotel">Mountain Springs Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ephrata,_Pennsylvania" title="Ephrata, Pennsylvania">Ephrata, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">séances</a> Parrish claimed to materialize her <a href="/wiki/Spirit_guide" title="Spirit guide">spirit guide</a> an Indian girl known as Silver Belle.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a séance at Ephrata, Pennsylvania, in 1953, Parrish materialized her spirit guide Silver Belle whilst sitting in her curtained cabinet. The pictures claimed to be taken at 50 second intervals in infra-red light by photographer Jack Edwards, show Silver Belle growing from a cloud of "<a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">ectoplasm</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fraud">Fraud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Post-Parrish&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fraud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A related spiritualist camp known as <a href="/wiki/Camp_Chesterfield" title="Camp Chesterfield">Camp Chesterfield</a> in Anderson, Indiana was managed by Mabel Riffle the cousin of Parrish. The camp was exposed in 1960 as infra red film had revealed that the materialized figures were all human and had entered the séance room through a side door.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Camp Silver Belle was also practicing fraudulent <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">mediumship</a>, and had been exposed in various newspapers. Before exposures the camp took in up to a million dollars a year.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The photographs taken by Jack Edwards of Silver Belle materializing were discovered to be a hoax. A photograph was taken of <a href="/wiki/Smoke" title="Smoke">smoke</a> and by a <a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">double exposure</a> a cardboard figure was superimposed onto it. The woman standing outside the cabinet curtain was also an accomplice involved in the deception.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Post-Parrish&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy Stemman. (1976). <i>The Supernatural</i>. Danbury Press. p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Victoria Barnes. (1948). <i>Centennial Book of Modern Spiritualism in America</i>. National Spiritualist Association. p. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Fairley, Simon Welfare. (1984). <i>Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers</i>. Putnam. p. 192. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0002166799" title="Special:BookSources/978-0002166799">978-0002166799</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a>. 2002. <i>Undercover Among the Spirits</i>. <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>. 26:2 (March/April). pp. 22-25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Hines" title="Terence Hines">Terence Hines</a>. (2003). <i>Pseudoscience and the Paranormal</i>. Prometheus Books. p. 53. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573929790" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573929790">978-1573929790</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Buckland" title="Raymond Buckland">Raymond Buckland</a>. (1993). <i>Doors to Other Worlds: A Practical Guide to Communicating With Spirits</i>. Llewellyn. p. 227. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0875420615" title="Special:BookSources/978-0875420615">978-0875420615</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/M._Lamar_Keene" title="M. Lamar Keene">M. Lamar Keene</a>. (1997). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Psychic_Mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Psychic Mafia">The Psychic Mafia</a></i>. Prometheus Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573921619" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573921619">978-1573921619</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Spiritualism_and_spiritism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialization_(paranormal)" title="Materialization (paranormal)">Materialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">Séance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_guide" title="Spirit guide">Spirit guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_healing" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual healing">Spiritual healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsession_(Spiritism)" title="Obsession (Spiritism)">Spirit obsession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spiritualists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Acorah" title="Derek Acorah">Derek Acorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Altea" title="Rosemary Altea">Rosemary Altea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bailey_(medium)" title="Charles Bailey (medium)">Charles Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangs_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangs Sisters">Bangs Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Besinnet" title="Ada Besinnet">Ada Besinnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_E._Braude" title="Stephen E. Braude">Stephen E. Braude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Breeze" title="William Breeze">William Breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Brown_(spiritualist)" title="Rosemary Brown (spiritualist)">Rosemary Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Browne" title="Sylvia Browne">Sylvia Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eva Carrière">Eva Carrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Collins" title="Doris Collins">Doris Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Cook_(medium)" title="Florence Cook (medium)">Florence Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_Crandon" title="Mina Crandon">Mina Crandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Cummins" title="Geraldine Cummins">Geraldine Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience_Worth" title="Patience Worth">Pearl Curran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Decker_(medium)" title="Frank Decker (medium)">Frank Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Duncan" title="Helen Duncan">Helen Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Brothers" title="Eddy Brothers">Eddy Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Edwards_(healer)" title="Harry Edwards (healer)">Harry Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward" title="John Edward">John Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eglinton" title="William Eglinton">William Eglinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Evans_(medium)" title="Colin Evans (medium)">Colin Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_sisters" title="Fox sisters">Fox sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Flint" title="Leslie Flint">Leslie Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ford_(psychic)" title="Arthur Ford (psychic)">Arthur Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Fry" title="Colin Fry">Colin Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_J._Garrett" title="Eileen J. Garrett">Eileen Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Goligher" title="Kathleen Goligher">Kathleen Goligher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Goold" title="Rita Goold">Rita Goold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Guzyk" title="Jan Guzyk">Jan Guzyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hare_(chemist)" title="Robert Hare (chemist)">Robert Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Harris" title="Alec Harris">Alec Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Higginson_(medium)" title="Gordon Higginson (medium)">Gordon Higginson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hodgson_(parapsychologist)" title="Richard Hodgson (parapsychologist)">Richard Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dunglas_Home" title="Daniel Dunglas Home">Daniel Dunglas Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mme._d%27Esperance" title="Mme. d'Esperance">Elizabeth Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hope_(paranormal_investigator)" title="William Hope (paranormal investigator)">William Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_O%27Delia_Diss_Debar" title="Ann O'Delia Diss Debar">Swami Laura Horos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Husk" title="Cecil Husk">Cecil Husk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Hyslop" title="James H. Hyslop">James H. Hyslop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Kardec" title="Allan Kardec">Allan Kardec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franek_Kluski" title="Franek Kluski">Franek Kluski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Osborne_Leonard" title="Gladys Osborne Leonard">Gladys Osborne Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lodge" title="Oliver Lodge">Oliver Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Melzer" title="Heinrich Melzer">Heinrich Melzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Mirabelli" title="Carmine Mirabelli">Carmine Mirabelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ward_Monck" title="Francis Ward Monck">Francis Ward Monck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Usborne_Moore" title="William Usborne Moore">William Usborne Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorin_Morgan-Richards" title="Lorin Morgan-Richards">Lorin Morgan-Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stainton_Moses" title="William Stainton Moses">William Stainton Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einer_Nielsen" title="Einer Nielsen">Einer Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusapia_Palladino" title="Eusapia Palladino">Eusapia Palladino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonora_Piper" title="Leonora Piper">Leonora Piper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethel Post-Parrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Praagh" title="James Van Praagh">James Van Praagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Reese" title="Bert Reese">Bert Reese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_Roberts" title="Estelle Roberts">Estelle Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Roberts" title="Jane Roberts">Jane Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roy_(medium)" title="William Roy (medium)">William Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Schneider" title="Rudi Schneider">Rudi Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Silbert" title="Maria Silbert">Maria Silbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Slade_(medium)" title="Henry Slade (medium)">Henry Slade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Stokes" title="Doris Stokes">Doris Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosina_Thompson" title="Rosina Thompson">Rosina Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82awa_Tomczyk" title="Stanisława Tomczyk">Stanisława Tomczyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ena_Twigg" title="Ena Twigg">Ena Twigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Valiantine" title="George Valiantine">George Valiantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Webber" title="Jack Webber">Jack Webber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_Wriedt" title="Etta Wriedt">Etta Wriedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chico_Xavier" title="Chico Xavier">Chico Xavier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spiritualist_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spiritualist organizations">List of Spiritualist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualist_church" title="Spiritualist church">Spiritualist churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritist_centre" title="Spiritist centre">Spiritist centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Spiritualist_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="London Spiritualist Alliance">London Spiritualist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritualist_Association_of_Churches" title="National Spiritualist Association of Churches">National Spiritualist Association of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualists%27_National_Union" title="Spiritualists' National Union">Spiritualists' National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualist_Association_of_Great_Britain" title="Spiritualist Association of Great Britain">Spiritualist Association of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_church_movement" title="Spiritual church movement">Spiritual church movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Findlay_College" title="Arthur Findlay College">Arthur Findlay College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Spiritualist_Federation" title="International Spiritualist Federation">International Spiritualist Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skeptics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Abbott_(magician)" title="David Abbott (magician)">David Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Anderson" title="John Henry Anderson">John Henry Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Miller_Beard" title="George Miller Beard">George Miller Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Brandon" title="Ruth Brandon">Ruth Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._H._Branson" title="L. H. Branson">Lionel Branson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derren_Brown" title="Derren Brown">Derren Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Benjamin_Carpenter" title="William Benjamin Carpenter">William Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milbourne_Christopher" title="Milbourne Christopher">Milbourne Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Clodd" title="Edward Clodd">Edward Clodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Smith_Conklin" title="Edmund Smith Conklin">Edmund Smith Conklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millais_Culpin" title="Millais Culpin">Millais Culpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Cumberland" title="Stuart Cumberland">Stuart Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Dingwall" title="Eric Dingwall">Eric Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunninger" title="Joseph Dunninger">Joseph Dunninger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Evans" title="Henry R. Evans">Henry Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_French" title="Chris French">Chris French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Stanley_Hall" title="G. Stanley Hall">G. Stanley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_H._Hall" title="Trevor H. Hall">Trevor H. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Hammond" title="William A. Hammond">William A. Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._E._M._Hansel" title="C. E. M. Hansel">C. E. M. Hansel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Heredia" title="Carlos María de Heredia">Carlos María de Heredia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hertz" title="Carl Hertz">Carl Hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Hines" title="Terence Hines">Terence Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Houdini" title="Harry Houdini">Harry Houdini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jastrow" title="Joseph Jastrow">Joseph Jastrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_LeFevre_Krebs" title="Stanley LeFevre Krebs">Stanley LeFevre Krebs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Mackenberg" title="Rose Mackenberg">Rose Mackenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Marks_(psychologist)" title="David Marks (psychologist)">David Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne" title="John Nevil Maskelyne">John Nevil Maskelyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Maudsley" title="Henry Maudsley">Henry Maudsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCabe" title="Joseph McCabe">Joseph McCabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._McComas" title="Henry C. McComas">Henry C. McComas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgess_McHargue" title="Georgess McHargue">Georgess McHargue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Arthur_Mercier" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Arthur Mercier">Charles Arthur Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Moll_(German_psychiatrist)" title="Albert Moll (German psychiatrist)">Albert Moll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mulholland_(magician)" title="John Mulholland (magician)">John Mulholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Oursler" title="Fulton Oursler">Fulton Oursler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Clephan_Palmer" title="E. Clephan Palmer">E. Clephan Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Pearsall" title="Ronald Pearsall">Ronald Pearsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Podmore" title="Frank Podmore">Frank Podmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Polidoro" title="Massimo Polidoro">Massimo Polidoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Price" title="Harry Price">Harry Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_J._Proskauer" title="Julien J. Proskauer">Julien J. Proskauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Psychology_of_the_Occult" title="The Psychology of the Occult">Donovan Rawcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Rinn" title="Joseph F. Rinn">Joseph F. Rinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._E._Bechhofer_Roberts" title="C. E. Bechhofer Roberts">C. E. Bechhofer Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chung_Ling_Soo" title="Chung Ling Soo">Chung Ling Soo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Stein" title="Gordon Stein">Gordon Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Tanner" title="Amy Tanner">Amy Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Lloyd_Tuckett" title="Ivor Lloyd Tuckett">Ivor Lloyd Tuckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Forbes_Winslow" title="L. Forbes Winslow">Lyttelton Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wiseman" title="Richard Wiseman">Richard Wiseman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Post-Parrish&oldid=1221346039">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethel_Post-Parrish&oldid=1221346039</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960_deaths" title="Category:1960 deaths">1960 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_spiritual_mediums" title="Category:American spiritual mediums">American spiritual mediums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Ephrata,_Pennsylvania" title="Category:People from Ephrata, Pennsylvania">People from Ephrata, Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing" title="Category:Year of birth missing">Year of birth missing</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 April 2024, at 11:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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