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class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>College of Psychic Studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_of_Psychic_Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=College_of_Psychic_Studies&params=51.49461_N_0.17762_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°10′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.49461°N 0.17762°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.49461; -0.17762</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Spiritualist_Alliance&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="London Spiritualist Alliance">London Spiritualist Alliance</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">NGO in South Kensington, England</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:College_of_Psychic_Studies_(8012376197).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/College_of_Psychic_Studies_%288012376197%29.jpg/220px-College_of_Psychic_Studies_%288012376197%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/College_of_Psychic_Studies_%288012376197%29.jpg/330px-College_of_Psychic_Studies_%288012376197%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/College_of_Psychic_Studies_%288012376197%29.jpg/440px-College_of_Psychic_Studies_%288012376197%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The College building on Queensberry Place</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>College of Psychic Studies</b> (founded in 1884 as the London Spiritualist Alliance) is a non-profit organisation based in <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington" title="South Kensington">South Kensington</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. It is dedicated to the study of <a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">psychic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">spiritualist</a> phenomena. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_National_Association_of_Spiritualists">British National Association of Spiritualists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: British National Association of Spiritualists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1873, the British National Association of Spiritualists (BNAS) was formed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Everitt" title="Thomas Everitt">Thomas Everitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Rogers" title="Edmund Rogers">Edmund Rogers</a> and others at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oppenheim_53_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim_53-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png/170px-William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png/255px-William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png/340px-William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Stainton_Moses" title="William Stainton Moses">William Stainton Moses</a>, founder of the London Spiritualist Alliance.</figcaption></figure> <p>Early members included well known spiritualists such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_Davies" title="Charles Maurice Davies">Charles Maurice Davies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Isham" title="Charles Isham">Charles Isham</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stainton_Moses" title="William Stainton Moses">William Stainton Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanhope_Templeman_Speer" title="Stanhope Templeman Speer">Stanhope Templeman Speer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morell_Theobald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morell Theobald (page does not exist)">Morell Theobald</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Wyld" title="George Wyld">George Wyld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spence_2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spence_2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BNAS carried out experimental <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">séances</a> and investigations into mediumship. It held no dogmatic religious views but was known for "sympathising with the religion of Jesus Christ".<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png/220px-London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="451" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png/330px-London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Member list for the London Spiritualist Alliance in March 1884.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first public meeting of the BNAS took place on 16 April 1874 under the chairmanship of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Carter_Hall" title="Samuel Carter Hall">Samuel Carter Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1875 the BNAS had over 400 members.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its headquarters moved to <a href="/wiki/Great_Russell_Street" title="Great Russell Street">Great Russell Street</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-Oppenheim_53_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim_53-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1879 the German astrophysicist <a href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_Friedrich_Z%C3%B6llner" title="Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner">Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner</a> became an honorary member.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William Henry Harrison and his colleagues from the "Scientific Research Committee" of the BNAS were involved in experiments that weighed mediums during materialization séances.<sup id="cite_ref-Noakes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noakes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specially built self-recording instruments were used. This was considered controversial and not all members agreed in conducting such experiments. In 1872, Harrison also caused controversy in the spiritualist community by exposing the fraud of spirit photographer <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hudson_(photographer)" title="Frederick Hudson (photographer)">Frederick Hudson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Noakes_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noakes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1875, Harrison with <a href="/wiki/C._F._Varley" title="C. F. Varley">C. F. Varley</a> conducted an unsuccessful experiment in photographing the alleged <a href="/wiki/Odic_force" title="Odic force">Odic force</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Reichenbach" title="Carl Reichenbach">Carl Reichenbach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Noakes_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noakes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a large dispute between Moses and Harrison over its leadership council. Harrison was expelled from the BNAS.<sup id="cite_ref-Noakes_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noakes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1879, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Massey" title="Charles Massey">Charles Massey</a> a vice-president resigned, as did Moses on 31 December 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1882, the BNAS changed name to the Central Association of Spiritualists (CAS). The remaining members such as vice-president Edmund Rogers, one of Moses's loyal supporters tried to reconstruct the society.<sup id="cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim_55-57-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, internal conflict between members and financial problems caused the group to dissolve.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim_55-57-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="London_Spiritualist_Alliance">London Spiritualist Alliance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: London Spiritualist Alliance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1883 a special conference was set up to discuss the ideas of Moses to form a new society.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1884, Moses and others formed the London Spiritualist Alliance (LSA). The first meeting was held on 5 May at the banqueting room in <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Hall" title="St James's Hall">St James's Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moses was president and members included <a href="/wiki/John_Stephen_Farmer" title="John Stephen Farmer">John Stephen Farmer</a>, Massey, Rogers, Stanhope Templeman Speer, <a href="/wiki/Alaric_Alfred_Watts" title="Alaric Alfred Watts">Alaric Alfred Watts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Percy_Wyndham_(1835%E2%80%931911)" title="Percy Wyndham (1835–1911)">Percy Wyndham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim_55-57-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Moses died in 1892, Rogers became the president. The LSA obtained a wider membership under the leadership of Rogers including notable figures such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppenheim_55-57-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1886, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Mildred_Sidgwick" title="Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick">Eleanor Sidgwick</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a> (SPR) claimed that the medium <a href="/wiki/William_Eglinton" title="William Eglinton">William Eglinton</a> was fraudulent. Members from the LSA and articles in the journal <i>Light</i> supported Eglinton and accused Sidgwick of bias and prejudice. Some spiritualist members resigned from the SPR.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1925, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a> became president and the LSA bought a new headquarters at Queensberry Place, South Kensington.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between October 1930 and June 1931 the <a href="/wiki/Materialization_(paranormal)" title="Materialization (paranormal)">materialization</a> medium <a href="/wiki/Helen_Duncan" title="Helen Duncan">Helen Duncan</a> was investigated by the LSA. Despite early favourable reports, an examination of Duncan's <a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">ectoplasm</a> revealed it was made of <a href="/wiki/Cheesecloth" title="Cheesecloth">cheesecloth</a>, paper mixed with the white of egg and lavatory paper stuck together. One of Duncan's tricks was to swallow and regurgitate some of her ectoplasm and she was persuaded to swallow a tablet of <a href="/wiki/Methylene_blue" title="Methylene blue">methylene blue</a> before one of her séances to rule out any chance of this trick being performed and because of this no ectoplasm appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The journal <i>Light</i> endorsed the court decision that Duncan was fraudulent and supported <a href="/wiki/Harry_Price" title="Harry Price">Harry Price</a>'s investigation that revealed her ectoplasm was cheesecloth.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="College_of_Psychic_Studies">College of Psychic Studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: College of Psychic Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955 the LSA changed its name to the College of Psychic Science. In 1970 it became the College of Psychic Studies.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to psychical researcher Simeon Edmunds, by the 1955 name change there was "no doubt that from that time onwards the society was no longer a spiritualist one" as it was accepting non-spiritualist members and held no corporate opinion on the question of survival.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, after a revival in spiritualism, the college associated itself with the Society for Psychical Research, collecting thousands of case files.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Beard_(spiritualist)" title="Paul Beard (spiritualist)">Paul Beard</a> was the president of the college for 16 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the college offered twelve courses on psychic abilities. </p><p>In April 2021 The College re-launched their website with an expanded programme of online courses, talks and events able to be completed online. Their current president, Geoffrey Dart C.B.E, references this being partly in response to the challenges of running in-person events during the Covid-19 pandemic. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, the London Spiritualist Alliance published a series of five books under L.S.A Publications Ltd. These were: </p> <ul><li>Helen A. Dallas. <i>Human Survival and its Implications</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drayton_Thomas" title="Charles Drayton Thomas">Charles Drayton Thomas</a>. <i>The Mental Phenomena of Spiritualism</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_De_Brath" title="Stanley De Brath">Stanley De Brath</a>. <i>The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism</i>.</li> <li>Helen MacGregor and Margaret V. Underhill. <i>The Psychic Faculties and Their Development</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lodge" title="Oliver Lodge">Oliver Lodge</a>. <i>Demonstrated Survival: Its Influence on Science, Philosophy and Religion.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal">Journal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Journal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest spiritualist <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal</a> in Britain is known as <i>Light</i>. It was formed in January 1881 by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Rogers" title="Edmund Rogers">Edmund Rogers</a> and became affiliated with the BNAS and its successor organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The College of Psychic Studies publishes the <i>Light</i> journal twice a year.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_historical_members">Notable historical members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notable historical members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington,_1914.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Arthur Conan Doyle, physician and writer"><img alt="Arthur Conan Doyle, physician and writer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/91px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/136px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/182px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>, physician and writer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_S._Farmer_spiritualist.png" class="mw-file-description" title="John Stephen Farmer, lexicographer"><img alt="John Stephen Farmer, lexicographer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/John_S._Farmer_spiritualist.png/98px-John_S._Farmer_spiritualist.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/John_S._Farmer_spiritualist.png/147px-John_S._Farmer_spiritualist.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/John_S._Farmer_spiritualist.png/196px-John_S._Farmer_spiritualist.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Stephen_Farmer" title="John Stephen Farmer">John Stephen Farmer</a>, lexicographer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_carter_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samuel Carter Hall, journalist"><img alt="Samuel Carter Hall, journalist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Samuel_carter_hall.jpg/112px-Samuel_carter_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Samuel_carter_hall.jpg/168px-Samuel_carter_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Samuel_carter_hall.jpg/224px-Samuel_carter_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Carter_Hall" title="Samuel Carter Hall">Samuel Carter Hall</a>, journalist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_Hockley_spiritualist.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Frederick Hockley, occult writer"><img alt="Frederick Hockley, occult writer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Frederick_Hockley_spiritualist.png/82px-Frederick_Hockley_spiritualist.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Frederick_Hockley_spiritualist.png/124px-Frederick_Hockley_spiritualist.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Frederick_Hockley_spiritualist.png/165px-Frederick_Hockley_spiritualist.png 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="918" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hockley" title="Frederick Hockley">Frederick Hockley</a>, occult writer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Charles_Isham_circa_1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Isham, gardener and landowner"><img alt="Charles Isham, gardener and landowner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sir_Charles_Isham_circa_1850.jpg/98px-Sir_Charles_Isham_circa_1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sir_Charles_Isham_circa_1850.jpg/147px-Sir_Charles_Isham_circa_1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sir_Charles_Isham_circa_1850.jpg/196px-Sir_Charles_Isham_circa_1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Isham" title="Charles Isham">Charles Isham</a>, gardener and landowner</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Dawson_Rogers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund Dawson Rogers, journalist"><img alt="Edmund Dawson Rogers, journalist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Edmund_Dawson_Rogers.jpg/73px-Edmund_Dawson_Rogers.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Edmund_Dawson_Rogers.jpg/109px-Edmund_Dawson_Rogers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Edmund_Dawson_Rogers.jpg/146px-Edmund_Dawson_Rogers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dawson_Rogers" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Dawson Rogers">Edmund Dawson Rogers</a>, journalist </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Wyld_physician.png" class="mw-file-description" title="George Wyld, homeopathic physician"><img alt="George Wyld, homeopathic physician" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/George_Wyld_physician.png/75px-George_Wyld_physician.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/George_Wyld_physician.png/112px-George_Wyld_physician.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/George_Wyld_physician.png/150px-George_Wyld_physician.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/George_Wyld" title="George Wyld">George Wyld</a>, homeopathic physician</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Percy_Scawen_Wyndham,_Vanity_Fair,_1880-10-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Percy Wyndham, politician"><img alt="Percy Wyndham, politician" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Percy_Scawen_Wyndham%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1880-10-30.jpg/76px-Percy_Scawen_Wyndham%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1880-10-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Percy_Scawen_Wyndham%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1880-10-30.jpg/114px-Percy_Scawen_Wyndham%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1880-10-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Percy_Scawen_Wyndham%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1880-10-30.jpg/152px-Percy_Scawen_Wyndham%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1880-10-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="948" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Percy_Wyndham_(1835%E2%80%931911)" title="Percy Wyndham (1835–1911)">Percy Wyndham</a>, politician</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_Psychic_Studies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Oppenheim_53-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oppenheim_53_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oppenheim_53_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim" title="Janet Oppenheim">Oppenheim, Janet</a>. (1988). <i>The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 53. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521347679" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521347679">978-0521347679</a> "The British National Association of Spiritualists emerged from a meeting in Liverpool, in August 1873, sponsored by the local Psychological Society. Attendance was not confined to spiritualists from the immediate area, and among the participants were W. H. Harrison and Thomas Everitt from London. The meeting heard several papers advocating the benefits of national organization for the expansion and consolidation of British spiritualism, and these arguments carried the day. The conference resolved to form a national association, and initiative then passed to London, where the following year the BNAS commenced its activities. From 1875, it was comfortably housed at 38 Great Russell Street, the scene of its numerous stances, both public and private, committee meetings, lectures, and social gatherings."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lavoie_2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lavoie_2014_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2014). <i>Search for Meaning in Victorian Religion: The Spiritual Journey and Esoteric Teachings of Charles Carleton Massey</i>. Lehigh University Press. pp. 19-20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1611461848" title="Special:BookSources/978-1611461848">978-1611461848</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spence_2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spence_2006_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Spence" title="Lewis Spence">Spence, Lewis</a>. (2006 edition, originally published 1920). <i>An Encyclopaedia of Occultism</i>. Cosimo. p. 80. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1596052376" title="Special:BookSources/978-1596052376">978-1596052376</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Podmore" title="Frank Podmore">Podmore, Frank</a>. (2011 edition, originally published 1902). <i>Modern Spiritualism: A History and a Criticism. Volume 2</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 169. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-07258-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-07258-8">978-1-108-07258-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2014). <i>Search for Meaning in Victorian Religion: The Spiritual Journey and Esoteric Teachings of Charles Carleton Massey</i>. Lehigh University Press. p. 61. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1611461848" title="Special:BookSources/978-1611461848">978-1611461848</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noakes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noakes_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noakes_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noakes_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noakes_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noakes, Richard J. <i>Instruments to Lay Hold of Spirits: Technologizing the Bodies of Victorian Spiritualism</i>. In Iwan Rhys Morus. (2002). <i>Bodies/Machines</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 125-163. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85973-690-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85973-690-4">1-85973-690-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oppenheim_55-57-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oppenheim_55-57_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim" title="Janet Oppenheim">Oppenheim, Janet</a>. (1988). <i>The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 55-57. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521347679" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521347679">978-0521347679</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, G. K. (2013). <i>Spiritualism and Society</i>. p. 110. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415714624" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415714624">978-0415714624</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Luckhurst" title="Roger Luckhurst">Luckhurst, Roger</a>. (2002). <i>The Invention of Telepathy, 1870-1901</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 57. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199249626" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199249626">978-0199249626</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lycett" title="Andrew Lycett">Lycett, Andrew</a>. (2008). <i>The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</i>. Free Press. p. 434. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-7523-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-7523-3">0-7432-7523-3</a> "Having benefited from a memorial fund for the war dead, the London Spiritualist Alliance had bought a new headquarters in Queensberry Place, South Kensington. With Arthur as its president beginning in 1925, it held a three-day bazaar at Caxton Hall in May, raising 1,000 pounds to renovate and furnish the place. It also rented out its top floor to Harry Price, thus giving him a permanent location for his National Laboratory for Psychical Research."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haynes, Renée. (1982). <i>The Society for Psychical Research 1882-1982: A History</i>. MacDonald & Co. p. 144. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0356078755" title="Special:BookSources/978-0356078755">978-0356078755</a> "The London Spiritualist Alliance had fifty sittings with her between October 1930 and June 1931; for these sittings she was stripped, searched and dressed in 'seance garments'. Two interim reports in <i>Light</i> were favorable, a third found indications of fraud. Pieces of 'ectoplasm' found from time to time differed in composition. Two early specimens consisted of paper or cloth mixed with something like white of egg. Two others were pads of surgical gauze soaked in 'a resinous fluid'; yet another consisted of layers of lavatory paper stuck together. The most usual material for 'ectoplasm' however, seemed to be butter muslin or cheesecloth, probably swallowed and regurgitated. Distressing choking noises were sometimes heard from within the cabinet; and it was interesting that when she was persuaded to swallow a tablet of methylene blue before one of the seances at the London Spiritualist Alliance, no ectoplasm whatsoever appeared."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hazelgrove, Jenny. (2000). <i>Spiritualism and British Society Between the Wars</i>. Manchester University Press. p. 279. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0719055584" title="Special:BookSources/978-0719055584">978-0719055584</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Ellen_Guiley" title="Rosemary Ellen Guiley">Rosemary Guiley</a>. (1994). <i>The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits</i>. Guinness World Records Limited. p. 125. p. 334. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0851127484" title="Special:BookSources/978-0851127484">978-0851127484</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fichman, Martin. (2004). <i>An Elusive Victorian: The Evolution of Alfred Russel Wallace</i>. University Of Chicago Press. p. 191. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0226246130" title="Special:BookSources/978-0226246130">978-0226246130</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrne, Georgina. (2010). <i>Modern Spiritualism and the Church of England, 1850-1939</i>. Boydell Press. pp. 60-62. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1843835899" title="Special:BookSources/978-1843835899">978-1843835899</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmunds, Simeon. (1966). <i>Spiritualism: A Critical Survey</i>. Aquarian Press. p. 72. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0850300130" title="Special:BookSources/978-0850300130">978-0850300130</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1397313/Paul-Beard.html">"Paul Beard"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collegeofpsychicstudies.co.uk/enlighten/a-covid-19-update-from-our-college-president/">"The College of Psychic Studies : Enlighten : A covid 19 update from our college president"</a>. <i>The College of Psychic Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+College+of+Psychic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+College+of+Psychic+Studies+%3A+Enlighten+%3A+A+covid+19+update+from+our+college+president&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collegeofpsychicstudies.co.uk%2Fenlighten%2Fa-covid-19-update-from-our-college-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege+of+Psychic+Studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim" title="Janet Oppenheim">Oppenheim, Janet</a>. (1988). <i>The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 46. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521347679" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521347679">978-0521347679</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collegeofpsychicstudies.co.uk/about/page/id/16/light-the-college-journal">"Light"</a>. College of Psychic Studies.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=College_of_Psychic_Studies&params=51.49461_N_0.17762_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°29′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°10′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this 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href="/wiki/Template:Parapsychology" title="Template:Parapsychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parapsychology" title="Template talk:Parapsychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parapsychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parapsychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parapsychology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_parapsychology" title="Outline of parapsychology">Outline</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">Auras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathbed_phenomena" title="Deathbed phenomena">Deathbed phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermo-optical_perception" title="Dermo-optical perception">Dermo-optical perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_telepathy" title="Dream telepathy">Dream telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzfeld_experiment" title="Ganzfeld experiment">Ganzfeld experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialization_(paranormal)" title="Materialization (paranormal)">Materialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-death_experience" title="Near-death experience">Near-death experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orb_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (paranormal)">Orb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Reynolds_case" title="Pam Reynolds case">Pam Reynolds case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology_research_at_SRI" title="Parapsychology research at SRI">Parapsychology research at SRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression" title="Past life regression">Past life regression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_perception_(paranormal)" title="Plant perception (paranormal)">Plant perception (paranormal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist" title="Poltergeist">Poltergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_detective" title="Psychic detective">Psychic detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">Psychic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrokinesis" title="Pyrokinesis">Pyrokinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Second sight">Second sight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_leakage" title="Sensory leakage">Sensory leakage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_bending" title="Spoon bending">Spoon bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superconscious" title="Superconscious">Superconscious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoughtography" title="Thoughtography">Thoughtography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoglossy" title="Xenoglossy">Xenoglossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zener_cards" title="Zener cards">Zener cards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="American Society for Psychical Research">American Society for Psychical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Anomalous_Phenomena" title="Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena">Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">College of Psychic Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_M%C3%A9tapsychique_International" title="Institut Métapsychique International">Institut Métapsychique International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Noetic_Sciences" title="Institute of Noetic Sciences">Institute of Noetic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Near-Death_Studies" title="International Association for Near-Death Studies">International Association for Near-Death Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koestler_Parapsychology_Unit" title="Koestler Parapsychology Unit">Koestler Parapsychology Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychological_Association" title="Parapsychological Association">Parapsychological Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology_Foundation" title="Parapsychology Foundation">Parapsychology Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_Research_Center" title="Rhine Research Center">Rhine Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_Club" title="The Ghost Club">The Ghost Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Psychical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="American Psychical Institute">American Psychical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_College_of_Psychic_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="British College of Psychic Science">British College of Psychic Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ghost_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Ghost Society">Cambridge Ghost Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Psychical_Research" title="International Institute for Psychical Research">International Institute for Psychical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Dialectical_Society" title="London Dialectical Society">London Dialectical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Psychical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Psychical Society">Metropolitan Psychical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Laboratory_of_Psychical_Research" title="National Laboratory of Psychical Research">National Laboratory of Psychical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Phasmatological_Society" title="Oxford Phasmatological Society">Oxford Phasmatological Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Engineering_Anomalies_Research_Lab" title="Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab">Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Study_of_Supernormal_Pictures" title="Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures">Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parapsychologists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of parapsychologists">List of parapsychologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeptics_of_parapsychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptics of parapsychology">Skeptics of parapsychology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Experiment_with_Time" title="An Experiment with Time">An Experiment with Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_Perception_(book)" title="Extrasensory Perception (book)">Extrasensory Perception</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irreducible_Mind" title="Irreducible Mind">Irreducible Mind</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Near-Death_Studies" title="Journal of Near-Death Studies">Journal of Near-Death Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Parapsychology" title="Journal of Parapsychology">Journal of Parapsychology</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Anomalous_Experience" title="Varieties of Anomalous Experience">Varieties of Anomalous Experience</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Parapsychology" title="Category:Parapsychology">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons 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