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细胞凋亡 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-出现" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出现"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>出现</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出现-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-过程细节" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#过程细节"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>过程细节</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-过程细节-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-组织中细胞凋亡过程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#组织中细胞凋亡过程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>组织中细胞凋亡过程</span> </div> 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">细胞凋亡</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。63种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="استماتة (علم أحياء) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استماتة (علم أحياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC" title="موت خلوي مبرمج – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موت خلوي مبرمج" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoz" title="Apoptoz – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Apoptoz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Апаптоз – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апаптоз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Апаптоз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Апаптоз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Апоптоза – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апоптоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8" title="কোষপতন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষপতন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoza" title="Apoptoza – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apoptoza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apoptosi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apopt%C3%B3za" title="Apoptóza – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apoptóza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Απόπτωση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απόπτωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoos" title="Apoptoos – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apoptoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apoptosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2" title="آپوپتوز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپوپتوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoosi" title="Apoptoosi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apoptoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apapt%C3%B3is" title="Apaptóis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Apaptóis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94" title="אפופטוזה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפופטוזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apopt%C3%B3zis" title="Apoptózis – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apoptózis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%A6" title="Ապոպտոզ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ապոպտոզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptozo" title="Apoptozo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Apoptozo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apoptosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9D%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9" title="アポトーシス – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アポトーシス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="აპოპტოზი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აპოპტოზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಪೊಪ್ಟೋಸಿಸ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಪೊಪ್ಟೋಸಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%9E%90%EC%82%B4" title="세포자살 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포자살" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B7_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Апопеоз (биология) – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Апопеоз (биология)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoz%C4%97" title="Apoptozė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apoptozė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Апоптоза – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Апоптоза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="കോശാത്മഹത്യ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശാത്മഹത്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apopt%C3%B2si" title="Apoptòsi – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Apoptòsi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoza" title="Apoptoza – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apoptoza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptose" title="Apoptose – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apoptose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoz%C4%83" title="Apoptoză – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apoptoză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Апоптоз – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апоптоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoza" title="Apoptoza – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apoptoza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apopt%C3%B3za" title="Apoptóza – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apoptóza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoza" title="Apoptoza – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apoptoza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Апоптоза – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Апоптоза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptos" title="Apoptos – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apoptos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="உயிரணு தன்மடிவு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு தன்மடிவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="อะพอพโทซิส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะพอพโทซิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Apoptosis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoz" title="Apoptoz – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Apoptoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Апоптоз – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апоптоз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AA" title="استماتت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استماتت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptoz" title="Apoptoz – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Apoptoz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BFt_t%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o_theo_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tr%C3%ACnh" title="Chết tế bào theo chương trình – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chết tế bào theo chương trình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1" title="细胞凋亡 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="细胞凋亡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14599311#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:21em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">细胞凋亡(Apoptosis)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apoptosis_DU145_cells_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Apoptosis_DU145_cells_mosaic.jpg/306px-Apoptosis_DU145_cells_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="306" height="614" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Apoptosis_DU145_cells_mosaic.jpg/459px-Apoptosis_DU145_cells_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Apoptosis_DU145_cells_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="1009" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E6%89%98%E6%B3%8A%E8%8B%B7" title="依托泊苷">依托泊苷</a>治疗的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="DU145" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="DU145"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DU145&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="DU145(页面不存在)">DU145</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DU145" class="extiw" title="en:DU145"><span lang="en" dir="auto">DU145</span></a></span>)</span></span>前列腺癌细胞可分解成级联的凋亡小体。这些子图像是从一个61小时的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="延时显微镜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Time-lapse microscopy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%B6%E6%97%B6%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="延时显微镜(页面不存在)">延时显微镜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse_microscopy" class="extiw" title="en:Time-lapse microscopy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Time-lapse microscopy</span></a></span>)</span></span>攝影中提取出来的,使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="定量相差显微镜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%9B%B8%E5%B7%AE%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E9%95%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="定量相差显微镜(页面不存在)">定量相差显微镜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_phase-contrast_microscopy" class="extiw" title="en:Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quantitative phase-contrast microscopy</span></a></span>)</span></span>技术制作而成。光学厚度是彩色编码的。随着厚度的增加,颜色从灰色变为黄色,红色,紫色,最后变成黑色<sup id="cite_ref-PHI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PHI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/43705"><br />在The Cell:An Image Library中查看影片</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">标识字符</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D017209">D017209</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">解剖學術語</a>》<div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">&#91;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311" class="extiw" title="d:Q14599311">在维基数据上编辑</a>&#93;</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>细胞凋亡</b>(英語:<span lang="en">apoptosis</span>,源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>:<span lang="el">απόπτωσις</span>,有“堕落、死亡”之意),為一種<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞程序性死亡">細胞程序性死亡</a>。相对于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9D%8F%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞坏死">细胞坏死</a>(necrosis),细胞凋亡是细胞主动实施的。細胞凋亡一般由<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="生理">生理</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="病理">病理</a>性因素引起。而細胞壞死則主要為缺氧造成,两者可以很容易通过观察区分开来。在细胞凋亡过程中,细胞缩小,<a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>被<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E5%86%85%E5%88%87%E9%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="核酸内切酶">核酸内切酶</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="降解">降解</a>成180bp-200bp片段屬於有層次之斷裂(可以通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E8%86%A0%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%B3" title="凝膠電泳">凝胶电泳</a>证明),而细胞坏死时,细胞肿胀,细胞膜被破坏,通透性改变。细胞器散落到细胞间质,需要<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%99%AC%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="巨噬细胞">巨噬细胞</a>去清除,结果是该局部组织<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="发炎">发炎</a>。相比起<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9D%8F%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞坏死">细胞坏死</a>,细胞凋亡是更常见的细胞死亡形式。 </p><p>细胞凋亡受到抑凋亡因子和<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="凋亡诱导因子">促凋亡因子</a>的调控。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="出现"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E7.8E.B0"></span>出现</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:出现"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>细胞凋亡是动物发育过程中的必经之路,已知的例子有: </p> <ul><li>从<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%8C%E8%9A%AA" title="蝌蚪">蝌蚪</a>到蛙的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E6%80%81%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="变态发育">变态发育</a></li> <li>昆蟲的蛻變</li> <li>高等<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a>指间蹼的消失,如人体<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="胚胎發育">胚胎發育</a>中,胚胎长到第5周时出现扁盘状的肢体萌芽,手指和脚趾之间的蹼消失,四肢才能顺利形成其最终形态。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛">眼睛</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E4%BD%93" title="玻璃体">玻璃体</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶状体">晶状体</a>的细胞死亡,是眼睛对光通透重要的一步。</li></ul> <p>就算在成熟的个体中,细胞凋亡也是必不可少的: </p> <ul><li>细胞数目和组织大小的控制</li> <li>组织的更新(如鼻的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%97%85%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="嗅表皮(页面不存在)">嗅表皮</a>、皮膚表皮細胞的更替)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="免疫系统">免疫系统</a>对丧失功能的或是有潜在危险的细胞进行选择和清除,如<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%AE%BA%E6%89%8B%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="自然殺手細胞">自然殺手細胞</a>(NK)對癌細胞的非專一性胞殺作用。</li> <li>清除坏变的细胞</li> <li>赋予<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中枢神经系统">中枢神经系统</a>可塑性。研究人员尝试在胚胎期激活小鼠的bcl-2基因。该基因会阻止神经细胞的细胞凋亡过程。出生的小鼠脑部神经元数量因此比正常的小鼠多,容积变大。但在测试中显得比正常小鼠迟钝。</li> <li>对<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="生殖细胞">生殖细胞</a>进行选择(大约95%的生殖细胞会在其成熟之前通过细胞凋亡被清除)</li></ul> <p>目前在细胞凋亡与<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>发生和各种<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E9%AB%94%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="自體免疫性疾病">自體免疫性疾病</a>之间的关系有着很多研究。人们希望激发<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="癌细胞">癌细胞</a>的细胞凋亡,以达到消弭癌症的目的。另有為了維持人類大腦的體積,使細胞凋亡的基因在人類身上受到了抑制的說法<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>细胞凋亡在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="神经退化性疾病">神经退化性疾病</a>中所扮演的角色(如<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="阿茲海默氏症">阿茲海默氏症(失智症的類型之一)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E4%B8%81%E9%A0%93%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88%E7%97%87" title="亨丁頓舞蹈症">亨丁頓舞蹈症(Huntington's disease)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="帕金森氏症">帕金森病(Parkinson's Disease)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%A7%E7%B4%A2%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症">肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症</a>(ALS),是目前热门的研究话题,人们在这个领域也进行着很多研究。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="过程细节"><span id=".E8.BF.87.E7.A8.8B.E7.BB.86.E8.8A.82"></span>过程细节</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:过程细节"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>细胞凋亡过程可分为两阶段:开始阶段和效应阶段。在开始阶段又可分为两个途径:外始式和内始式。 </p><p><b>外始式途径</b>: </p><p>外始式途径是通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=TNF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="TNF(页面不存在)">TNF</a>受体家族(如CD95)的受体与<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="配体 (生物化学)">配体</a>结合开始的。这些配体有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87%E5%9D%8F%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="癌症坏死因子(页面不存在)">癌症坏死因子</a>(TNF),和其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="细胞因子">细胞因子</a>,后者可以由如T<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" title="淋巴细胞">淋巴细胞</a>分泌。 在FADD(Fas偶联死亡区域蛋白Fas-associated death domain protein)的协助下,受体不断在细胞质中收集<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B6%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="半胱天冬酶原">半胱天冬酶原</a>8(Procaspase 8)。后者通过高密度自催化激活自身。活化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%83%B1%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="半胱天冬酶">半胱天冬酶</a>8(Caspase 8)将会引发所谓的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Caspase%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Caspase级联反应(页面不存在)">Caspase级联反应</a>。<br /> </p><p>因此在<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a>人体内,很多未受感染的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83" title="白血球">白血球</a>也会凋亡:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%BC%BA%E4%B9%8F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="人類免疫缺乏病毒">人類免疫缺乏病毒</a>通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nef%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nef蛋白质(页面不存在)">Nef蛋白质</a>激发未受感染的防御细胞的程序性死亡。抑制剂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%88%92%E5%9C%B0%E5%B0%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="盐酸法舒地尔(页面不存在)">盐酸法舒地尔</a>可以阻断这一机制。 </p><p><b>内始式途径</b>: </p><p>内始式途径始于肿瘤抑制基因如<a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">p53</a>,一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="转录因子">转录因子</a>,它会受<a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>损伤激发。<a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">P53</a>能刺激<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bcl-2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bcl-2(页面不存在)">Bcl-2</a>家族中于细胞凋亡前起作用的成员(如Bax, Bad)的表达。这将导致线粒体内外膜间的物质释放,如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞色素C(页面不存在)">细胞色素C</a>和Smac/DIABLO,它们都是作用于细胞凋亡前的物质。细胞色素C和胞质中的Apaf-1以及Procaspase 9共同组成所谓的凋亡体,其实就是Caspase 9的活化形式。它和Caspase 8一样引起Caspase级联反应。 </p><p><b>Caspase级联反应和效应caspase</b>: </p><p>所谓的效应caspase,指的是Caspase 3, 6和7这些能引起细胞的程序性死亡的蛋白酶。一方面它们通过有限的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3%E9%85%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蛋白质水解酶(页面不存在)">蛋白质水解酶</a>激活下游的目标蛋白(如Caspase激活的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E9%85%B6" title="去氧核糖核酸酶">去氧核糖核酸酶</a>, CAD,或是其他的Caspase)。另一方面它们参与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%BA%A4%E8%82%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="核纤肽(页面不存在)">核纤肽</a>(在细胞膜上)和<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="肌动蛋白">肌动蛋白</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E9%AA%A8%E6%9E%B6" title="细胞骨架">细胞骨架</a>的成分)的分解过程。 另一方面,DNA的修复会为caspase介导的阻抗反应而受到抑制。 </p><p>最后细胞慢慢地缩小为一小颗粒,并且为鄰近具有吞噬能力的细胞所吞噬(<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9E%E8%91%AC%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="胞葬作用">胞葬作用</a>)。相对于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9D%8F%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞坏死">细胞坏死</a>,细胞膜在凋亡过程中保持完整。 </p><p>细胞色素C从<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%B2%92%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="线粒体">线粒体</a>中溢出到细胞质,这是细胞凋亡的标志之一。这在外始式途径中是在凋亡过程后期才出现的,这里它反而是凋亡的结果,而不再是在内始式途径中所担任的激发者的角色了。細胞物質內,細胞凋亡信號的傳播速度約每分鐘30微米。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>在外始式途径中,又分为主动(由受体的激活开始)和被动(由<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="生长因子">生长因子</a>,如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="神经营养素(页面不存在)">神经营养素</a>的排出引起)两种形式。 </p><p>最重要的抑制细胞凋亡蛋白质有:Bcl-2家族中的抗细胞凋亡成员(Bcl-2和Bcl-xL),<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6B" title="蛋白激酶B">蛋白激酶B</a>和Trk受体家族(参看<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="神经营养素(页面不存在)">神经营养素</a>)还有IAP蛋白(inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="组织中细胞凋亡过程"><span id=".E7.BB.84.E7.BB.87.E4.B8.AD.E7.BB.86.E8.83.9E.E5.87.8B.E4.BA.A1.E8.BF.87.E7.A8.8B"></span>组织中细胞凋亡过程</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:组织中细胞凋亡过程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apoptosis-zh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Apoptosis-zh.png/600px-Apoptosis-zh.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="733" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Apoptosis-zh.png/900px-Apoptosis-zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Apoptosis-zh.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1465" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="获诺贝尔奖的相关研究"><span id=".E8.8E.B7.E8.AF.BA.E8.B4.9D.E5.B0.94.E5.A5.96.E7.9A.84.E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>获诺贝尔奖的相关研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:获诺贝尔奖的相关研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>科学家<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="悉尼·布伦纳">悉尼·布伦纳</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>)、<a href="/wiki/H%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E7%BB%B4%E8%8C%A8" title="H·罗伯特·霍维茨">H·罗伯特·霍维茨</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>)和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7E%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·E·苏尔斯顿">约翰·E·苏尔斯顿</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>)在2002年因其研究发现对器官发育和程序性细胞死亡的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%B0%83%E6%8E%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="基因调控(页面不存在)">基因调控</a>所作的贡献而获得了<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="诺贝尔医学奖">诺贝尔医学奖</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PHI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PHI_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phiab.se">Quantitative phase contrast microscopy — label-free live cell imaging and quantification</a>. Phase Holographic Imaging AB. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2020-09-16</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214040849/https://www.phiab.se/">存档</a>于2019-02-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;rft.btitle=Quantitative+phase+contrast+microscopy+%E2%80%94+label-free+live+cell+imaging+and+quantification&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Phase+Holographic+Imaging+AB&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phiab.se&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.solidot.org/article.pl?sid=12/10/16/0916239">人類癌症風險可能與大腦有關</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-10-21</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023090926/http://science.solidot.org/article.pl?sid=12%2F10%2F16%2F0916239">存档</a>于2012-10-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%A6%E6%9C%89%E9%97%9C&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.solidot.org%2Farticle.pl%3Fsid%3D12%2F10%2F16%2F0916239&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/12706/20121015/humans-risk-cancer-result-large-brains.htm">Humans' Risk for Cancer May Be a Result of Our Large Brains Read more at http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/12706/20121015/humans-risk-cancer-result-large-brains.htm#lGcHz5oVt2fGzcvi.99</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-10-21</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020025454/http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/12706/20121015/humans-risk-cancer-result-large-brains.htm">存档</a>于2012-10-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;rft.btitle=Humans%27+Risk+for+Cancer+May+Be+a+Result+of+Our+Large+Brains+Read+more+at+http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicaldaily.com%2Farticles%2F12706%2F20121015%2Fhumans-risk-cancer-result-large-brains.htm%23lGcHz5oVt2fGzcvi.99&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicaldaily.com%2Farticles%2F12706%2F20121015%2Fhumans-risk-cancer-result-large-brains.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">外部链接存在于<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.solidot.org/story?sid=57532">细胞死亡传播速度为每分钟约 30 微米</a>. www.solidot.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2018-09-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909112346/https://www.solidot.org/story?sid=57532">存档</a>于2018-09-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;rft.atitle=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%BA%E6%AF%8F%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F%E7%BA%A6+30+%E5%BE%AE%E7%B1%B3&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.solidot.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.solidot.org%2Fstory%3Fsid%3D57532&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Hubert Hug: Apoptose: <i>Die Selbstvernichtung der Zelle als Überlebensschutz</i>. Biologie in unserer Zeit 30(3), S. 128 - 135 (2000),</li> <li>Stefan Grimm: <i>Die Apoptose: Programmierter Zelltod</i>. Chemie in unserer Zeit 37(3), S. 172 - 178 (2003),</li> <li>Fritz Höffeler: <i>Die Maschinerie der Apoptose: Chronik eines angekündigten Todes</i>. Biologie in unserer Zeit 34(1), S. 16 - 23(2004)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2002/press.html">Nobelpreis für Medizin und Physiologie 2002</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20021127043739/http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2002/press.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li>Lawen, A. (2003): Apoptosis – an introduction. <i>BioEssays</i> <b>25</b>, 888-896. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/104552885/ABSTRACT">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2019年5月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>&#93;</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cella.cn/book/15/03.htm">细胞凋亡的分子机理</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20051219172910/http://www.cella.cn/book/15/03.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biox.cn/content/20050812/32730.htm">综述:细胞凋亡</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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aria-labelledby="细胞-&amp;#123;zh-cn:周期;_zh-tw:週期;&amp;#125;-与相关蛋白质" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:细胞周期蛋白质"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="细胞-&amp;#123;zh-cn:周期;_zh-tw:週期;&amp;#125;-与相关蛋白质" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="細胞週期">细胞周期</a>与相关<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8" title="蛋白质">蛋白质</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="周期蛋白">週期素</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BDA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白A(页面不存在)">A</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BDA1" title="周期蛋白A1">A1</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BDA2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白A2(页面不存在)">A2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素B(页面不存在)">B</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素B1(页面不存在)">B1</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素B2(页面不存在)">B2</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素B3(页面不存在)">B3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素D(页面不存在)">D</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BDD1" title="周期蛋白D1">D1</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0D2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素D2(页面不存在)">D2</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0D3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素D3(页面不存在)">D3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素E(页面不存在)">E</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0E1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素E1(页面不存在)">E1</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E7%B4%A0E2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="週期素E2(页面不存在)">E2</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cell_Cycle_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="细胞周期示意图"><img alt="细胞周期示意图" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cell_Cycle_2.png/210px-Cell_Cycle_2.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cell_Cycle_2.png/315px-Cell_Cycle_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cell_Cycle_2.png/420px-Cell_Cycle_2.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶">CDK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B61&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(页面不存在)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B62&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶2(页面不存在)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B63&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶3(页面不存在)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B64" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B65&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶5(页面不存在)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B66" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B67&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶7(页面不存在)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B68&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶8(页面不存在)">z</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B69&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶9(页面不存在)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B610&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶10(页面不存在)">10</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶激活激酶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CDK-activating kinase"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6%E6%BF%80%E6%B4%BB%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶激活激酶(页面不存在)">周期蛋白依赖性激酶激活激酶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK-activating_kinase" class="extiw" title="en:CDK-activating kinase"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CDK-activating kinase</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制蛋白" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制蛋白(页面不存在)">CDK抑制因子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent_kinase_inhibitor_protein" class="extiw" title="en:Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F#抑制因子" title="細胞週期">INK4a/ARF</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=P14arf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P14arf(页面不存在)">p14arf</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=P16_(%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P16 (基因)(页面不存在)">p16</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=CDKN2B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CDKN2B(页面不存在)">p15</a>、<a href="/wiki/CDKN2C" title="CDKN2C">p18</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=CDKN2D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CDKN2D(页面不存在)">p19</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F#抑制因子" title="細胞週期">cip/kip</a>(<a href="/wiki/P21" class="mw-disambig" title="P21">p21</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=CDKN1B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CDKN1B(页面不存在)">p27</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%901C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子1C(页面不存在)">p57</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P53_p63_p73%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="P53 p63 p73家族">P53 p63 p73家族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">p53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P63" title="P63">p63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P73" title="P73">p73</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cdk1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cdk1(页面不存在)">Cdc2</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cdc25" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cdc25"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cdc25&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cdc25(页面不存在)">Cdc25</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdc25" class="extiw" title="en:Cdc25"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cdc25</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CDC42" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CDC42"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDC42&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CDC42(页面不存在)">Cdc42</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC42" class="extiw" title="en:CDC42"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CDC42</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="细胞凋亡易感蛋白" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E6%98%93%E6%84%9F%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞凋亡易感蛋白(页面不存在)">细胞凋亡易感蛋白</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_apoptosis_susceptibility_protein" class="extiw" title="en:Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F" title="E2F">E2F</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="促成熟因子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maturation promoting factor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%83%E6%88%90%E7%86%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="促成熟因子(页面不存在)">促成熟因子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturation_promoting_factor" class="extiw" title="en:Maturation promoting factor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maturation promoting factor</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wee1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wee1(页面不存在)">Wee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cullin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cullin(页面不存在)">Cullin</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUL7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CUL7(页面不存在)">CUL7</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">期与<br />检查点</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%93%E6%9C%9F" title="間期">間期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G1%E6%9C%9F" title="G1期">G<sub>1</sub>期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E6%9C%9F" title="S期">S期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G2%E6%9C%9F" title="G2期">G<sub>2</sub>期</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="细胞分裂">M期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%B5%B2%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="有絲分裂">有絲分裂</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="早前期">早前期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="前期">前期</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前中期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prometaphase"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="前中期(页面不存在)">前中期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometaphase" class="extiw" title="en:Prometaphase"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prometaphase</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Metaphase"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中期(页面不存在)">中期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphase" class="extiw" title="en:Metaphase"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Metaphase</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anaphase"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="后期(页面不存在)">后期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphase" class="extiw" title="en:Anaphase"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anaphase</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="末期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telophase"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AB%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="末期(页面不存在)">末期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telophase" class="extiw" title="en:Telophase"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telophase</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="胞质分裂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cytokinesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="胞质分裂(页面不存在)">胞质分裂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinesis" class="extiw" title="en:Cytokinesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cytokinesis</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5%E9%BB%9E" title="細胞週期檢查點">細胞週期檢查點</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="限制点" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Restriction point"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E7%82%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="限制点(页面不存在)">限制点</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_point" class="extiw" title="en:Restriction point"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Restriction point</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纺锤体检查点" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spindle checkpoint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%BA%E9%94%A4%E4%BD%93%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E7%82%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="纺锤体检查点(页面不存在)">纺锤体检查点</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_checkpoint" class="extiw" title="en:Spindle checkpoint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spindle checkpoint</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="复制后检查点" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postreplication checkpoint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%90%8E%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E7%82%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="复制后检查点(页面不存在)">复制后检查点</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postreplication_checkpoint" class="extiw" title="en:Postreplication checkpoint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postreplication checkpoint</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他细胞期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">凋亡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="G0期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="G0 phase"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G0%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="G0期(页面不存在)">G<sub>0</sub>期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G0_phase" class="extiw" title="en:G0 phase"><span lang="en" dir="auto">G0 phase</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="减数分裂">减数分裂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>参见:<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template:蛋白质生物合成导航">蛋白质生物合成导航</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="细胞凋亡信号转导" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:细胞凋亡信号通路"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template talk:细胞凋亡信号通路"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:细胞凋亡信号通路"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="细胞凋亡信号转导" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">细胞凋亡</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="信号转导">信号转导</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Fas通路">Fas通路</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="配体 (生物化学)">配体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fas%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fas配体(页面不存在)">Fas配体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="受体 (生物化学)">受体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fas%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fas受体(页面不存在)">Fas受体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%86%85%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%82%BD%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞内信号肽和信号蛋白质(页面不存在)">细胞内</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="死亡诱导信号复合体(页面不存在)">死亡诱导信号复合体</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DAXX&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="DAXX(页面不存在)">DAXX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASK1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ASK1(页面不存在)">ASK1</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FADD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="FADD(页面不存在)">FADD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B1%E5%A4%A9%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B68" title="胱天蛋白酶8">半胱天冬酶8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BH3%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%9F%9F%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E6%BF%80%E5%8A%A8%E5%89%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="BH3结构相互作用域死亡激动剂(页面不存在)">BID</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞色素C(页面不存在)">细胞色素C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B1%E5%A4%A9%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B69" title="胱天蛋白酶9">半胱天冬酶9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B1%E5%A4%A9%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B63" title="胱天蛋白酶3">半胱天冬酶3</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><i>促凋亡:</i></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=BCL-2%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3X%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="BCL-2相关X蛋白(页面不存在)">BAX</a></dd> <dd>BAK1/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bcl-2%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E6%80%A7%E6%8B%AE%E6%8A%97%E6%89%BC%E6%9D%80%E5%89%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bcl-2同源性拮抗扼杀剂(页面不存在)">Bcl-2同源性拮抗扼杀剂</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bcl-2%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E5%8A%A9%E5%89%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bcl-2相关死亡助剂(页面不存在)">Bcl-2相关死亡助剂</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><i>抗凋亡:</i></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bcl-2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bcl-2(页面不存在)">Bcl-2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bcl-xL&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bcl-xL(页面不存在)">Bcl-xL</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#TNF通路">TNF通路</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="配体 (生物化学)">配体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4%E5%9D%8F%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="肿瘤坏死因子">肿瘤坏死因子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="受体 (生物化学)">受体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4%E5%9D%8F%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="肿瘤坏死因子受体(页面不存在)">肿瘤坏死因子受体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%86%85%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%82%BD%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞内信号肽和信号蛋白质(页面不存在)">细胞内</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRADD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="TRADD(页面不存在)">TRADD</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FADD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="FADD(页面不存在)">FADD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B1%E5%A4%A9%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B68" title="胱天蛋白酶8">半胱天冬酶8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B1%E5%A4%A9%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E9%85%B63" title="胱天蛋白酶3">半胱天冬酶3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BH3%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%9F%9F%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E6%BF%80%E5%8A%A8%E5%89%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="BH3结构相互作用域死亡激动剂(页面不存在)">BID</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TRAF2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="TRAF2(页面不存在)">TRAF2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASK1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ASK1(页面不存在)">ASK-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MAP3K1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="MAP3K1(页面不存在)">MEKK1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%CE%BAB%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="IκB激酶(页面不存在)">IKK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%CE%BAB%CE%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="IκBα(页面不存在)">IκBα</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MAP2K7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="MAP2K7(页面不存在)">MKK7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C-Jun%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AB%E7%AB%AF%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C-Jun氨基末端激酶(页面不存在)">JNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="细胞内" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite; text-align:center; padding-left:3.6em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%86%85%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%82%BD%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="细胞内信号肽和信号蛋白质(页面不存在)">细胞内</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="凋亡抑制因子(页面不存在)">凋亡抑制因子</a></dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIAP&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="XIAP(页面不存在)">XIAP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=NAIP_(%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="NAIP (基因)(页面不存在)">NAIP</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="生存素(页面不存在)">生存素</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=BIRC2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="BIRC2(页面不存在)">c-IAP-1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=BIRC3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="BIRC3(页面不存在)">c-IAP-2</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E8%AF%B1%E5%AF%BC%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="凋亡诱导因子">细胞凋亡诱导因子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="信号转导索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%BC" title="Template:信号转导">信号转导</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Intercellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" title="Template:Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins">胞外</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%82%BD" title="Template:神经肽">神經肽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="Template:生长因子">生长因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="Template:细胞因子">细胞因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:激素">激素</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Cell surface receptors" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Cell surface receptors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cell_surface_receptors&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cell surface receptors(页面不存在)">細胞表面受體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cell_surface_receptors" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Cell surface receptors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Cell surface receptors</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93%E9%97%A8%E6%8E%A7%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93" title="Template:配体门控离子通道">配体门控离子通道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%85%B6%E8%81%94%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:酶联受体">酶联受體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:G%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E5%81%B6%E8%81%94%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:G蛋白偶联受体">G蛋白偶聯受體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors(页面不存在)">免疫球蛋白超家族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:整合素">整合素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%82%BD%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:神经肽受体">神經肽受體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:生长因子受体">生長因子受體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:细胞因子受体">细胞因子受體</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%86%85%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%82%BD%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="Template:细胞内信号肽及信号蛋白">胞內</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Signal_transducing_adaptor_proteins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins(页面不存在)">受體蛋白</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Signal_transducing_adaptor_proteins" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:GTP-binding protein regulators" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:GTP-binding protein regulators"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:GTP-binding_protein_regulators&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:GTP-binding protein regulators(页面不存在)">GTP-binding</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:GTP-binding_protein_regulators" class="extiw" title="en:Template:GTP-binding protein regulators"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:GTP-binding protein regulators</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:MAP%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84" title="Template:MAP激酶途径">MAP激酶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calcium_signaling" title="Template:Calcium signaling">鈣信號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lipid_signaling" title="Template:Lipid signaling">脂質系號</a></li> <li>路徑 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%88%BA%E7%8C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:刺猬信号通路">hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wnt%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:Wnt信号通路">Wnt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TGF_beta_signaling" title="Template:TGF beta signaling">TGF-β</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:MAPK_ERK_signaling_pathway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway(页面不存在)">MAPK ERK</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:MAPK_ERK_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Notch signaling pathway" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Notch signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Notch_signaling_pathway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Notch signaling pathway(页面不存在)">notch</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Notch_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Notch signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Notch signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:JAK-STAT%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:JAK-STAT信号通路">JAK-STAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:细胞凋亡信号通路">細胞凋亡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Hippo signaling pathway" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Hippo signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hippo_signaling_pathway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Hippo signaling pathway(页面不存在)">hippo</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hippo_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Hippo signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Hippo signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TLR%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:TLR信号通路">TLR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="細胞生理學:信號轉導_/_細胞信號傳送" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%BC" title="Template:信号转导"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:信号转导(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%BC" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:信号转导"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="細胞生理學:信號轉導_/_細胞信號傳送" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="細胞生理學">細胞生理學</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%8A%E6%81%AF%E5%82%B3%E9%81%9E_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="訊息傳遞 (生物)">信號轉導</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%81" title="细胞信号传送">細胞信號傳送</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">信號傳送途徑</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E5%81%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%8F%97%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="G蛋白偶聯受體">GPCR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E7%8C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="刺猬信号通路">刺蝟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wnt%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Wnt信号通路">Wnt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E9%AB%94%E9%85%AA%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6" title="受體酪氨酸激酶">RTK</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TGFβ信號傳送途徑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TGF beta signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TGF%CE%B2%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E5%82%B3%E9%80%81%E9%80%94%E5%BE%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="TGFβ信號傳送途徑(页面不存在)">TGFβ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:TGF beta signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TGF beta signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MAPK/ERK途徑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MAPK/ERK pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MAPK/ERK%E9%80%94%E5%BE%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="MAPK/ERK途徑(页面不存在)">MAPK/ERK</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK/ERK_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:MAPK/ERK pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MAPK/ERK pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notch%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Notch信号通路">Notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAK-STAT%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="JAK-STAT信号通路">JAK-STAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akt/PKB%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Akt/PKB信号通路">Akt/PKB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fas凋亡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="hippo信號通路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hippo signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippo%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippo信號通路(页面不存在)">hippo</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippo_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:Hippo signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hippo signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PI3K/AKT/mTOR途徑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PI3K/AKT/mTOR%E9%80%94%E5%BE%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="PI3K/AKT/mTOR途徑(页面不存在)">PI3K/AKT/mTOR途徑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PI3K/AKT/mTOR_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E8%81%94%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="整联蛋白">整聯蛋白受體</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">調控因子</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="配體 (生物化學)">配體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="激素">激素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%92%E8%B4%A8" title="神经递质">神经递质</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E8%82%BD" title="神經肽">神經肽</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="神經激素">神經激素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="细胞因子">细胞因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="生长因子">生長因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%81" title="细胞信号传送">細胞信號傳送</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="受体 (生物化学)">受體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%8F%97%E9%AB%94" title="細胞表面受體">細胞表面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="细胞内受体">細胞內</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="協同受體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Co-receptor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%94%E5%90%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%AB%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="協同受體(页面不存在)">協同受體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-receptor" class="extiw" title="en:Co-receptor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Co-receptor</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="第二信使系统">第二信使</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="cAMP依賴途徑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="cAMP-dependent pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAMP%E4%BE%9D%E8%B3%B4%E9%80%94%E5%BE%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CAMP依賴途徑(页面不存在)">cAMP依賴途徑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cAMP-dependent_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:cAMP-dependent pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">cAMP-dependent pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鈣信號傳送" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Calcium signaling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%A3%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E5%82%B3%E9%80%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="鈣信號傳送(页面不存在)">Ca<sup>2+</sup>信號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_signaling" class="extiw" title="en:Calcium signaling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Calcium signaling</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脂類信號傳送" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lipid signaling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%82%E9%A1%9E%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E5%82%B3%E9%80%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="脂類信號傳送(页面不存在)">脂類信號傳送</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_signaling" class="extiw" title="en:Lipid signaling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lipid signaling</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IP3%E9%80%94%E5%BE%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="IP3途徑(页面不存在)">IP<sub>3</sub>/DAG途徑</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">助手:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%BC%E6%8E%A5%E5%A4%B4%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="信号转导接头蛋白">信號轉導銜接蛋白</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%9E%B6%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" title="支架蛋白質">支架蛋白質</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="转录因子">转录因子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="通用转录因子">通用轉錄因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84%E5%89%8D%E8%B5%B7%E5%A7%8B%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="轉錄前起始複合體">轉錄前起始複合物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉錄因數ⅡD" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transcription factor II D"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B8%E2%85%A1D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="轉錄因數ⅡD(页面不存在)">TFⅡD</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_D" class="extiw" title="en:Transcription factor II D"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transcription factor II D</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉錄因數ⅡH" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transcription factor II H"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B8%E2%85%A1H&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="轉錄因數ⅡH(页面不存在)">TFⅡH</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_H" class="extiw" title="en:Transcription factor II H"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transcription factor II H</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">按距離</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E5%82%B3%E9%80%81" title="自分泌信號傳送">自分泌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="近分泌信號傳送" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Juxtacrine signalling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E5%82%B3%E9%80%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="近分泌信號傳送(页面不存在)">近分泌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtacrine_signalling" class="extiw" title="en:Juxtacrine signalling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Juxtacrine signalling</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C" title="旁分泌">旁分泌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="內分泌系統">內分泌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="信号分子">信號分子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%85%8B%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="氣態信號分子">氣態</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93" title="离子通道">離子通道閘門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E8%85%BA" title="外分泌腺">外分泌信號</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B4%A0" title="信息素">信息素</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="機械力轉導" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mechanotransduction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%8A%9B%E8%BD%89%E5%B0%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="機械力轉導(页面不存在)">機械力轉導</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanotransduction" class="extiw" title="en:Mechanotransduction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mechanotransduction</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%85%89%E8%BD%89%E5%B0%8E" title="視覺光轉導">光轉導</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93" title="离子通道">离子通道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%AA%81%E8%A7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学突触">突觸傳遞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5" title="间隙连接">间隙连接</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="神经分泌细胞">神經分泌細胞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="信号转导索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%BC" title="Template:信号转导">信号转导</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Intercellular_signaling_peptides_and_proteins" title="Template:Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins">胞外</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%82%BD" title="Template:神经肽">神經肽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="Template:生长因子">生长因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="Template:细胞因子">细胞因子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:激素">激素</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Cell surface receptors" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Cell surface receptors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cell_surface_receptors&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cell surface receptors(页面不存在)">細胞表面受體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cell_surface_receptors" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Cell surface receptors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Cell surface receptors</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93%E9%97%A8%E6%8E%A7%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%80%9A%E9%81%93" title="Template:配体门控离子通道">配体门控离子通道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%85%B6%E8%81%94%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:酶联受体">酶联受體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:G%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E5%81%B6%E8%81%94%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:G蛋白偶联受体">G蛋白偶聯受體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors(页面不存在)">免疫球蛋白超家族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_immune_receptors" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Immunoglobulin superfamily immune receptors</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:整合素">整合素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%82%BD%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:神经肽受体">神經肽受體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:生长因子受体">生長因子受體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="Template:细胞因子受体">细胞因子受體</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%86%85%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%82%BD%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="Template:细胞内信号肽及信号蛋白">胞內</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Signal_transducing_adaptor_proteins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins(页面不存在)">受體蛋白</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Signal_transducing_adaptor_proteins" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Signal transducing adaptor proteins</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:GTP-binding protein regulators" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:GTP-binding protein regulators"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:GTP-binding_protein_regulators&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:GTP-binding protein regulators(页面不存在)">GTP-binding</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:GTP-binding_protein_regulators" class="extiw" title="en:Template:GTP-binding protein regulators"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:GTP-binding protein regulators</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:MAP%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84" title="Template:MAP激酶途径">MAP激酶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Calcium_signaling" title="Template:Calcium signaling">鈣信號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lipid_signaling" title="Template:Lipid signaling">脂質系號</a></li> <li>路徑 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%88%BA%E7%8C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:刺猬信号通路">hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wnt%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:Wnt信号通路">Wnt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TGF_beta_signaling" title="Template:TGF beta signaling">TGF-β</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:MAPK_ERK_signaling_pathway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway(页面不存在)">MAPK ERK</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:MAPK_ERK_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:MAPK ERK signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Notch signaling pathway" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Notch signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Notch_signaling_pathway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Notch signaling pathway(页面不存在)">notch</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Notch_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Notch signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Notch signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:JAK-STAT%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:JAK-STAT信号通路">JAK-STAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%87%8B%E4%BA%A1%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:细胞凋亡信号通路">細胞凋亡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Hippo signaling pathway" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Hippo signaling pathway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hippo_signaling_pathway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Hippo signaling pathway(页面不存在)">hippo</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hippo_signaling_pathway" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Hippo signaling pathway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Template:Hippo signaling pathway</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TLR%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Template:TLR信号通路">TLR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output 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