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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosson_Sev%C3%AD_Finkel" title="Nosson Seví Finkel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nosson Seví Finkel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel" title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel" title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)" title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F_%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C" title="נתן צבי פינקל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נתן צבי פינקל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natanas_Cvi_Finkelis" title="Natanas Cvi Finkelis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Natanas Cvi Finkelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84" title="نوسون تسفى فينكل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوسون تسفى فينكل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Финкель, Натан Цви – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Финкель, Натан Цви" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Lithuanian rabbi, founder of the Slabodka yeshiva (1849–1927)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Mir)" title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Mir)">Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Mir)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #ADD8E6; color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Rabbi</div><div class="fn">Nosson Tzvi Finkel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alter_of_Slabodka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Alter_of_Slabodka.jpg/220px-Alter_of_Slabodka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Alter_of_Slabodka.jpg/330px-Alter_of_Slabodka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Alter_of_Slabodka.jpg/440px-Alter_of_Slabodka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="2066" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ADD8E6; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1849<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Raseiniai" title="Raseiniai">Raseiniai</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 1, 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Jerusalem</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Gittel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Moshe (father)</li><li>Miriam (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kelm_Talmud_Torah" title="Kelm Talmud Torah">Kelm Talmud Torah</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Position</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Yeshiva</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)">Slabodka Yeshiva</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron Yeshiva">Chevron Yeshiva</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Began</th><td class="infobox-data">1882</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ended</th><td class="infobox-data">1927</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Yahrtzeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahrtzeit">Yahrtzeit</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data">29 Shevat 5687</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nosson Tzvi Finkel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">נתן צבי פינקל</span>, <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic Hebrew">Sephardic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Israeli</a>: <i>Natan Tzvi</i>; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">נָטע הערש</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">Nota Hirsch</i></span>; 1849–1927) was an influential <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Jews">Lithuanian Jewish</a> leader of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)" title="Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)">Slabodka yeshiva</a>, in the town of Sloboda Vilyampolskaya (now <a href="/wiki/Vilijampol%C4%97" title="Vilijampolė">Vilijampolė</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>). He is also known by the <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> appellation <i>der Alter</i> ("the Elder") and as the <b>Alter of Slabodka</b>. Many of his pupils were to become major leaders of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rabbi Finkel was born in 1849 to Reb Moshe Finkel<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was orphaned at an early age, not much is known about his formative years. At a young age, he went to study at the <a href="/wiki/Kelm_Talmud_Torah" title="Kelm Talmud Torah">Kelm Talmud Torah</a> under Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Simcha_Zissel_Ziv" title="Simcha Zissel Ziv">Simcha Zissel Ziv</a>, "the Alter of Kelm." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_approach">Philosophical approach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philosophical approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)" title="Special:EditPage/Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Despite his influence, he was an intensely private person. Yet, he personally oversaw the complete student body of the <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a>. </p><p>His motto was summed up in the words <i>Gadlus HaAdam</i> ("Greatness of Man"). He stressed the need for <i>mussar</i> (ethics), using works such as those of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Chaim_Luzzatto" title="Moshe Chaim Luzzatto">Moshe Chaim Luzzatto</a>, polishing the character traits of his students so that they would aspire to become <i>gedolim</i> - "great ones" in all areas of both scholarship, and personal <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a>. </p><p>He spent ten out of every twelve months with his students full-time, only returning to his wife for the Jewish holidays. He had special agents who would keep an eye out all over Europe for teenagers with an aptitude for both scholarship and leadership, recruiting them and bringing them back to Slobodka. He attained unusual success, and his students subsequently reflected that he was a master of the human psyche and knew just which psychological buttons to press to give direction to his students' lives. </p><p>He would monitor the extracurricular behavior of students, judging their character faults and strengths. He was responsible for deciding which boys would share rooms together, weighing the strengths of one against the other. Some were chosen to be his personal assistants. He stressed the importance of outer appearance and the need for neatness and cleanliness. He did not want the image of the poor, tattered, down-trodden <i><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_bochur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva bochur">yeshiva bochur</a></i> (yeshiva student) to be associated with the alumni of his institution. The rabbinical and <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudical</a> graduates of the Slobodka Yeshiva tried to live up to a higher code of dress and deportment, to the point of being accused of being dandies. </p><p>He would send teams of his trained prized pupils to places that needed a boost in religious observance and learning of <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>. His own son, <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yehuda_Finkel_(Mir_rosh_yeshiva,_Poland_and_Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliezer Yehuda Finkel (Mir rosh yeshiva, Poland and Jerusalem)">Eliezer Yehudah</a> (<i>Leizer Yudel</i>) Finkel eventually became the head of the far older Mir yeshiva, eventually leading it all the way to Jerusalem where it is today the largest post-high school yeshiva in the world with thousands of students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition">Opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)" title="Special:EditPage/Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>His main opponents in the "<i>yeshiva</i> world" were first and foremost Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soloveitchik" title="Chaim Soloveitchik">Chaim Soloveitchik</a> and as a result the <a href="/wiki/Brisk_yeshivas" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisk yeshivas">Brisk yeshivas</a>, who were adamantly opposed to any changes in what they believed to be the time-tested ways of yeshiva education. To this day, the Brisk <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshivos</a>, based mainly in Jerusalem today, do not teach <i>mussar</i> (ethics) as a separate curriculum, but focus on pure <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> study. </p><p>Finkel's opponents argued that the pure focus on the Talmud would automatically create greatness in both scholarship and ethics. But Finkel believed that, while this might have been true in previous generations, the modern age was different. In his view, too many new enticing secular ideologies, such as <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> and the very real lure of <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a> in <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a>, were becoming a replacement for traditional <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> for many young <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>. He was determined to prove that what he had to offer was more appealing than anything the outside world could offer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Land_of_Israel">Land of Israel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Land of Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)" title="Special:EditPage/Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nosson_Zvi_Finkel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nosson_Zvi_Finkel.jpg/150px-Nosson_Zvi_Finkel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nosson_Zvi_Finkel.jpg/225px-Nosson_Zvi_Finkel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nosson_Zvi_Finkel.jpg/300px-Nosson_Zvi_Finkel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel, tended by his yeshiva students, in the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a> in his last years.</figcaption></figure> <p>Finkel staged one of the most dramatic moves in the history of yeshivos. In the 1920s he decided to create a branch of his yeshiva in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>, together with the dean Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Mordechai_Epstein" title="Moshe Mordechai Epstein">Moshe Mordechai Epstein</a>, setting it up in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and sending waves of hand-picked students there, culminating with his own permanent <i>aliyah</i>, "going up", to the Holy Land two years before his passing. </p><p>In the region of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> he founded his own institution in the town of Hebron called <i>Knesses Yisroel</i> - "Gathering of Israel", which moved to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> following the massacre of Jews during the <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">1929 Palestine riots</a> in which many of the yeshiva students were murdered. This yeshiva today, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Chevron" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivas Chevron">Yeshivas Chevron</a> in Jerusalem, has about a thousand students and is one of the most prestigious Lithuanian yeshivos in Israel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)" title="Special:EditPage/Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During his lifetime, he molded many who would eventually become the heads (<i><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">roshei yeshiva</a></i>) of most of the so-called Lithuanian-style yeshivas that were established in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> during the 20th century, and which continue to grow dramatically in the 21st century. Some of the more famous students are: </p> <ul><li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yehuda_Finkel_(Mir_rosh_yeshiva,_Poland_and_Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliezer Yehuda Finkel (Mir rosh yeshiva, Poland and Jerusalem)">Eliezer Yehuda Finkel</a> (son of the <i>Alter</i>) of the Mirrer Yeshiva in <a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Belarus)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)">Mir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Jerusalem)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Jerusalem)">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yitzchok_Hutner" class="mw-redirect" title="Yitzchok Hutner">Yitzchok Hutner</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Rabbi_Chaim_Berlin" title="Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin">Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Kamenetsky" title="Yaakov Kamenetsky">Yaakov Kamenetsky</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Torah_Vodaas" title="Yeshiva Torah Vodaas">Yeshiva Torah Vodaas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Avrohom_Eliyahu_Kaplan" title="Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan">Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hildesheimer_Rabbinical_Seminary" title="Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary">Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin, Germany">Berlin, Germany</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Kotler" title="Aharon Kotler">Aharon Kotler</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Beth_Medrash_Govoha" title="Beth Medrash Govoha">Beth Medrash Govoha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakewood, New Jersey">Lakewood, New Jersey</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Dovid_Leibowitz" title="Dovid Leibowitz">Dovid Leibowitz</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Chofetz_Chaim:_Rabbinical_Seminary_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim: Rabbinical Seminary of America">Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim: Rabbinical Seminary of America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens County, New York">Queens</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Yitzchok_Ruderman" title="Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman">Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Ner_Yisroel" title="Yeshivas Ner Yisroel">Yeshivas Ner Yisroel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yechezkel_Sarna" title="Yechezkel Sarna">Yechezkel Sarna</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Hebron_Yeshiva" title="Hebron Yeshiva">Chevron Yeshiva</a>, Jerusalem, Israel</li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Sher" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Sher">Isaac Sher</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Slabodka_yeshiva_(Bnei_Brak)" title="Slabodka yeshiva (Bnei Brak)">Slabodka Yeshiva of Bnei Brak</a>, Israel</li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Yaakov_Weinberg" title="Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg">Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hildesheimer_Rabbinical_Seminary" title="Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary">Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin, Germany">Berlin, Germany</a></li></ul> <p><i>The Alter</i> did not author any books or essays personally, but some of his ethical discourses were published under the name <i><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:s:אור הצפון">Ohr HaTzafun</a></i> - "The Hidden Light" (also meaning "The Light of the Hidden (One)"). The word <i>Ha-Tz[a]-F[u]-N</i> also being the four initials of his name, but not in order ("Hirsh-Tzvi-Finkel-Nota"). The title alludes to the hidden and mysterious nature of its subject, as he used to sign his name as <i>Hatzafun</i>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm/280px--Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="280" height="280" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="144" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm/Alter_of_Slobotka_-_Restored_portrait.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Restored portrait, recolored and enliven to compensate for the lack of dimension in the available portraits.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2021" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Yair (2021-02-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/headlines-breaking-stories/1947198/94th-yahrtzeit-of-the-alter-of-slabodka-architect-of-todays-torah-world.html">"94th Yahrtzeit of the Alter of Slabodka - Architect of Today's Torah World"</a>. <i>The Yeshiva World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Yeshiva+World&rft.atitle=94th+Yahrtzeit+of+the+Alter+of+Slabodka+-+Architect+of+Today%27s+Torah+World&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Yair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theyeshivaworld.com%2Fnews%2Fheadlines-breaking-stories%2F1947198%2F94th-yahrtzeit-of-the-alter-of-slabodka-architect-of-todays-torah-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANosson+Tzvi+Finkel+%28Slabodka%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nosson Tzvi Finkel">Nosson Tzvi Finkel</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030426164111/http://www.tzemachdovid.org/Musar/slobodka.html">Spending time in Slabodka</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030119172822/http://www.torah.org/learning/mussar-psych/mussar1.html">Learning from the <i>Alter</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030218161621/http://www.hebron.org.il/pics/tarpat/martyrs.htm">1929 Palestine riots Slabodka victims</a></li> <li>JTA news item March 1, 1927 - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/1927/03/01/archive/rabbi-finkel-former-head-of-slobodka-yeshiva-dies">Rabbi Finkel, Former Head of Slobodka Yeshiva, Dies.</a></li> <li>Article from Hebron.com - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hebron.org.il/history/234">The Slabodka Yeshiva and the Renaissance of Hebron.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Musar_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musar_movement" title="Template:Musar movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musar_movement" title="Template talk:Musar movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musar_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musar movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musar_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musar_movement" title="Musar movement">Musar movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prewar leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Salanter" title="Israel Salanter">Yisroel Salanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcha_Zissel_Ziv" title="Simcha Zissel Ziv">Simcha Zissel Ziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Blazer" title="Yitzchak Blazer">Yitzchak Blazer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nosson Tzvi Finkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Amsterdam" title="Naftali Amsterdam">Naftali Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yozel_Horwitz" title="Yosef Yozel Horwitz">Yosef Yozel Horwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeruchom_Levovitz" title="Yeruchom Levovitz">Yeruchom Levovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Dov_Dessler" title="Reuven Dov Dessler">Reuven Dov Dessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Gordon" title="Eliezer Gordon">Eliezer Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Rosenstain" title="Moshe Rosenstain">Moshe Rosenstain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftoli_Trop" title="Naftoli Trop">Naftoli Trop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Postwar leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Eliezer_Dessler" title="Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler">Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershon_Liebman" title="Gershon Liebman">Gershon Liebman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechezkel_Levenstein" title="Yechezkel Levenstein">Yechezkel Levenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Leib_Shmuelevitz" title="Chaim Leib Shmuelevitz">Chaim Leib Shmuelevitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosson_Meir_Wachtfogel" title="Nosson Meir Wachtfogel">Nosson Meir Wachtfogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Yaakov_Weinberg" title="Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg">Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Wolbe" title="Shlomo Wolbe">Shlomo Wolbe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary thinkers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Perr" title="Yechiel Perr">Yechiel Perr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_F._Stone" title="Ira F. Stone">Ira F. Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Claussen" title="Geoffrey Claussen">Geoffrey Claussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Morinis" title="Alan Morinis">Alan Morinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jaffe_(rabbi)" title="David Jaffe (rabbi)">David Jaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_Goldberg" title="Hillel Goldberg">Hillel Goldberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yeshivot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kovno_Kollel" title="Kovno Kollel">Kovno Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomza_Yeshiva" title="Lomza Yeshiva">Lomza Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novardok_Yeshiva" title="Novardok Yeshiva">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)" title="Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)">Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Belarus)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)">Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelm_Talmud_Torah" title="Kelm Talmud Torah">Kelm Talmud Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron_Yeshiva" title="Hebron Yeshiva">Hebron Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Chofetz_Chaim" title="Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim">Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musar_literature" title="Musar literature">Musar literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_meditation" title="Jewish meditation">Jewish meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Jewish ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teshuvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Teshuvah">Teshuvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niggun" class="mw-redirect" title="Niggun">Niggun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Mashgiach ruchani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Musar_movement" title="Category:Musar movement">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre–World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" title="Template:Pre-World War II European Yeshivos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" title="Template talk:Pre-World War II European Yeshivos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-World War II European Yeshivos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre–World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yeshivos_in_Europe_(before_World_War_II)" title="List of yeshivos in Europe (before World War II)">Pre–World War II European Yeshivos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithuania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelm_Talmud_Torah" title="Kelm Talmud Torah">Kelm Talmud Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponevezh_Yeshiva" title="Ponevezh Yeshiva">Ponevezh Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramailes_Yeshiva" title="Ramailes Yeshiva">Ramailes Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)" title="Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)">Slabodka Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telshe_Yeshiva" title="Telshe Yeshiva">Telshe Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yitzchak_Bloch" title="Avraham Yitzchak Bloch">Avraham Yitzchak Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Leib_Bloch" title="Yosef Leib Bloch">Yosef Leib Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Mordechai_Epstein" title="Moshe Mordechai Epstein">Moshe Mordechai Epstein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nosson Tzvi Finkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Gordon" title="Eliezer Gordon">Eliezer Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Heiman" title="Shlomo Heiman">Shlomo Heiman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzvi_Hersh_Levitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzvi Hersh Levitan (page does not exist)">Tzvi Hersh Levitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Salanter" title="Israel Salanter">Israel Salanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Isaac_Sher" title="Yitzchak Isaac Sher">Yitzchak Isaac Sher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Notable mashgichim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leib_Chasman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leib Chasman (page does not exist)">Leib Chasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Chadash" title="Meir Chadash">Meir Chadash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Tzvi_Heller" title="Dov Tzvi Heller">Dov Tzvi Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Zion_Kranitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Zion Kranitz (page does not exist)">Ben Zion Kranitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeruchom_Levovitz" title="Yeruchom Levovitz">Yeruchom Levovitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belarus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Ohel_Torah-Baranovich" title="Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich">Baranovich Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Yeshiva" title="Grodno Yeshiva">Grodno Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Beis_Yitzchak-Kaminetz" title="Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz">Kaminetz Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kobrin_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kobrin Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Kobrin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Belarus)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)">Mir Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novardok_Yeshiva" title="Novardok Yeshiva">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinsk_Yeshiva-Novardok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinsk Yeshiva-Novardok (page does not exist)">Pinsk Yeshiva-Novardok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radin_Yeshiva" title="Radin Yeshiva">Radin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slonim_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slonim Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Slonim Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutsk-Kletsk_Yeshiva" title="Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva">Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volozhin_Yeshiva" title="Volozhin Yeshiva">Volozhin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Tmimim" title="Tomchei Tmimim">Tomchei Tmimim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Zvi_Yehuda_Berlin" title="Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin">Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yehuda_Finkel_(born_1879)" title="Eliezer Yehuda Finkel (born 1879)">Eliezer Yehuda Finkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yozel_Horwitz" title="Yosef Yozel Horwitz">Yosef Yozel Horwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Meir_Kagan" title="Yisrael Meir Kagan">Yisrael Meir Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elya_Baruch_Kammai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elya Baruch Kammai (page does not exist)">Elya Baruch Kammai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Kotler" title="Aharon Kotler">Aharon Kotler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moshe_Landynski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moshe Landynski (page does not exist)">Moshe Landynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boruch_Ber_Leibowitz" title="Boruch Ber Leibowitz">Boruch Ber Leibowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isser_Zalman_Meltzer" title="Isser Zalman Meltzer">Isser Zalman Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesach_Pruskin" title="Pesach Pruskin">Pesach Pruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rappoport" title="David Rappoport">David Rappoport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Shkop" title="Shimon Shkop">Shimon Shkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soloveitchik" title="Chaim Soloveitchik">Chaim Soloveitchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchok_Zev_Soloveitchik" title="Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik">Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Leib_Tiktinsky" title="Chaim Leib Tiktinsky">Chaim Leib Tiktinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftoli_Trop" title="Naftoli Trop">Naftoli Trop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_of_Volozhin" title="Chaim of Volozhin">Chaim of Volozhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_of_Volozhin" title="Yitzhak of Volozhin">Yitzhak of Volozhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elchonon_Wasserman" title="Elchonon Wasserman">Elchonon Wasserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabsi_Yogel" title="Shabsi Yogel">Shabsi Yogel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Notable mashgichim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Harkavy" title="Shlomo Harkavy">Shlomo Harkavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisroel_Yaakov_Lubchansky" title="Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky">Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yosef_Leib_Nenedik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yosef Leib Nenedik (page does not exist)">Yosef Leib Nenedik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Dolinsky" title="Zalman Dolinsky">Zalman Dolinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheftel_Kramer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheftel Kramer (page does not exist)">Sheftel Kramer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keser_Torah_Radomsk" title="Keser Torah Radomsk">Keser Torah Radomsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomza_Yeshiva" title="Lomza Yeshiva">Lomza Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chachmei_Lublin_Yeshiva" title="Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva">Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesivta_of_Warsaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesivta of Warsaw (page does not exist)">Mesivta of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novardok_Yeshiva" title="Novardok Yeshiva">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Tzvi_Frumer" title="Aryeh Tzvi Frumer">Aryeh Tzvi Frumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Yisrael_Kanievsky" title="Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky">Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dan_Plotzky" title="Meir Dan Plotzky">Meir Dan Plotzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Moshe_Rabinowicz" title="David Moshe Rabinowicz">David Moshe Rabinowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Shapiro" title="Meir Shapiro">Meir Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yoffen" title="Avraham Yoffen">Avraham Yoffen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Notable mashgichim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Rosenstain" title="Moshe Rosenstain">Moshe Rosenstain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehuda_Leib_Nekritz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehuda Leib Nekritz (page does not exist)">Yehuda Leib Nekritz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovakia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitra_Yeshiva_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitra Yeshiva (Slovakia)">Nitra Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressburg_Yeshiva_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Pressburg Yeshiva (Austria-Hungary)">Pressburg Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akiva_Sofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akiva Sofer (page does not exist)">Akiva Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Shmuel_Binyamin_Sofer" title="Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer">Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Sofer" title="Moses Sofer">Moses Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simcha_Bunim_Sofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simcha Bunim Sofer (page does not exist)">Simcha Bunim Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Dovid_Ungar" title="Shmuel Dovid Ungar">Shmuel Dovid Ungar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western<br />Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Talmudical_College" title="Gateshead Talmudical College">Gateshead Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heide_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heide Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Heide Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheimer_Rabbinical_Seminary" title="Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary">Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchester_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchester Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Manchester Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreaux_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montreaux Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Montreaux Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Lehranstalt" title="Torah Lehranstalt">Torah Lehranstalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_of_Aix-les-Bains" title="Yeshiva of Aix-les-Bains">Yeshivas Chachmei Tzorfas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Botchko" title="Eliyahu Botchko">Eliyahu Botchko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Breuer" title="Solomon Breuer">Solomon Breuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breuer" title="Joseph Breuer">Joseph Breuer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaim_Yitzchok_Chaiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaim Yitzchok Chaiken (page does not exist)">Chaim Yitzchok Chaiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azriel_Hildesheimer" title="Azriel Hildesheimer">Azriel Hildesheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zvi_Hoffmann" title="David Zvi Hoffmann">David Zvi Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrohom_Eliyahu_Kaplan" title="Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan">Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nachman_Dovid_Landinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nachman Dovid Landinski (page does not exist)">Nachman Dovid Landinski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moshe_Yitzchak_Segal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moshe Yitzchak Segal (page does not exist)">Moshe Yitzchak Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shraga_Feivel_Shapiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shraga Feivel Shapiro (page does not exist)">Shraga Feivel Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Yaakov_Weinberg" title="Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg">Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_in_World_War_II" title="Yeshivas in World War II">Yeshivas in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaad_HaYeshivos" title="Vaad HaYeshivos">Vaad HaYeshivos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pre%E2%80%93World_War_II_European_yeshivas" title="Category:Pre–World War II European 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073303230">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/39278972">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/382274/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc7RHRJQh7yFVXMQFjV4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr96037805">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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