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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Novardok_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Self-improvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-improvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Self-improvement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-improvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novardok_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novardok_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Novardok network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novardok_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshiv%C3%A1_de_Novardok" title="Yeshivá de Novardok – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yeshivá de Novardok" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yechiva_de_Novardok" title="Yechiva de Novardok – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yechiva de Novardok" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ישיבת נובהרדוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ישיבת נובהרדוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>Novardok Yeshiva</b> was one of the largest and most important <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshivas</a> in pre-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Europe, and a force within the <a href="/wiki/Mussar_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussar movement">Mussar movement</a>. It was the first of hundreds of a network of Musar yeshivas that were all called Novardok yeshivas.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishgen2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The yeshiva was established in <a href="/wiki/Novogrudok" title="Novogrudok">Novogrudok</a>, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire in 1896,<sup id="cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishgen2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with a <a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a> for married men, under the direction of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yozel_Horwitz" title="Yosef Yozel Horwitz">Yosef Yozel Horwitz</a>, an alumnus of the <a href="/wiki/Kovno_Kollel" title="Kovno Kollel">Kovno Kollel</a> and pupil of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Salanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Yisrael Salanter">Yisrael Salanter</a>, like whom he was an advocate of the Mussar approach. He was known as the <i>Alter fun Novardok</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a> term meaning "the elder of <a href="/wiki/Novardok" class="mw-redirect" title="Novardok">Novardok</a>". </p><p>Novardok established yeshivas all over the region, in major cities such as <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berdychiv" title="Berdychiv">Berdychiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsaritsyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsaritsyn">Tsaritsyn</a> (now Volgograd), <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plogid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plogid (page does not exist)">Plogid</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tzemachdovid_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tzemachdovid-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influenced by the <i>Alter</i>, his students also created Yeshivas in <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohyliv-Podilskyi" title="Mohyliv-Podilskyi">Mohyliv-Podilskyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamieniec-Podolski" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamieniec-Podolski">Kamieniec-Podolski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berdichev" class="mw-redirect" title="Berdichev">Berdichev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Nikolaev</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83l%C5%A3i" class="mw-redirect" title="Bălţi">Bălţi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa">Odessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other places.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishgen2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Novardok_philosophy">The Novardok philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The Novardok philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-improvement">Self-improvement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Self-improvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novardok had its own unique outlook, stressing the total negation of <a href="/wiki/Id,_ego_and_super-ego#Ego" class="mw-redirect" title="Id, ego and super-ego">ego</a> and the physical world. Through this, the complete and total focus of a person can be on his spiritual and intellectual side. Like other Mussar schools, Novardok demanded the complete shattering of personal desires, eradicating any vestige of evil habits. For that purpose, students would carry notebooks, in which they would daily enter records of failures and achievements. Before bedtime, they would check their "bookkeeping" and make plans-of-action for correcting faults. One method of "breaking" oneself was by denying oneself extra pleasures of this world. </p><p>Students of Novardok participated in deliberately humiliating behaviour, such as wearing old, patched clothing, or going to a shop and asking for a product not sold there, such as screws in a bakery. All Novardok students would share their personal belongings with friends to rid themselves of their desires for worldly possessions.<sup id="cite_ref-tzemachdovid_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tzemachdovid-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One pupil related that the purpose of these exercises were not to "put yourself down", as is commonly thought. The training, in fact, promoted the opposite; it gave the students the emotional freedom from the chains of public approval. They discovered that the fear of embarrassment was actually much greater than the reality. This strengthened their confidence to do the right thing, oblivious to what others might think. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novardok_network">Novardok network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Novardok network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An extension of Novardok's unconventional approach entailed the establishment of numerous branches of the yeshiva. The most elite students of the yeshiva would set out on foot to strange communities without money in their pockets, simultaneously abstaining from speech and not asking for a ride or even food. Upon reaching a town, they would enter the <a href="/wiki/Beth_Midrash" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth Midrash">Beth Midrash</a>, and without a word to anyone, study <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>. </p><p>With this method, Novardok established in Poland alone no less than seventy yeshivas of varying sizes. Dispatched from the yeshiva base in Białystok, teams would investigate towns and cities and evaluate their suitability for a yeshiva. The extensive Novardok network supplied half of all the students to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>'s other famous yeshivas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navahradak,_%C5%A0kolny_Dvor._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(9.05.1920).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Navahradak%2C_%C5%A0kolny_Dvor._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%2C_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%289.05.1920%29.jpg/300px-Navahradak%2C_%C5%A0kolny_Dvor._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%2C_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%289.05.1920%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Navahradak%2C_%C5%A0kolny_Dvor._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%2C_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%289.05.1920%29.jpg/450px-Navahradak%2C_%C5%A0kolny_Dvor._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%2C_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%289.05.1920%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Navahradak%2C_%C5%A0kolny_Dvor._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%2C_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%289.05.1920%29.jpg/600px-Navahradak%2C_%C5%A0kolny_Dvor._%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%2C_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%289.05.1920%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>Building yeshiva in <a href="/wiki/Novogrudok" title="Novogrudok">Novogrudok</a>, 9 May 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>The yeshiva opened with ten students. A few months later there were already fifty. A year after the yeshiva's establishment, great criticism was levelled at the study and practice of Mussar, and the opponents of that philosophy sought to close the yeshiva. They didn't succeed. By 1899, the yeshiva had swelled to 200 pupils. </p><p>Some students came to Novardok yeshiva from as far as the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishgen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishgen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first, The <i>Alter</i> served as both the <a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">rosh yeshiva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">mashgiach</a> of the yeshiva, delivering <a href="/wiki/Shiurim" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiurim">shiurim</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a> and mussar. In time, though, he appointed others to deliver the Gemara shiurim, while he focused on developing the mussar aspect of the yeshiva.<sup id="cite_ref-tzemachdovid_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tzemachdovid-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relocation_to_Gomel">Relocation to Gomel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relocation to Gomel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the outbreak of World War I, the Yeshiva moved en-masse to <a href="/wiki/Gomel" title="Gomel">Gomel</a>. Aside from functioning as a yeshiva, it also served as a safe house for young bochurim, seeking refuge from the war. </p><p>The Yeshiva would have <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Conscription in the Russian Empire">conscripts</a> demanded from it, but the students would refuse to come. There were stories in the yeshiva about the soldiers threatening students at gunpoint, only to have the student respond that the soldier was powerless before God. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escape_to_Poland;_Kiev_era"><span id="Escape_to_Poland.3B_Kiev_era"></span>Escape to Poland; Kiev era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Escape to Poland; Kiev era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik takeover of Russia</a>, the <i>Alter</i> ordered his students to cross the border into Poland. this was a top secret operation that not even the parents knew about. Many of the students were shot in the attempt; others were sent to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberian</a> <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">prison camps</a>, but six hundred made it across the border. </p><p>In 1919, when the Yeshiva was fleeing the war and was stationed in Kiev, a <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> outbreak occurred in the Yeshiva. The Alter succumbed to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interwar_period">Interwar period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Alter's</i> son-in-law, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yoffen" title="Avraham Yoffen">Avraham Yoffen</a>, was the head of the Novardok yeshiva in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, the biggest Yeshiva in Poland between the two world wars. This yeshiva <i>Beis Yosef</i>, which was the name of all Novardok yeshivas in Poland, supervised 30 other <i>Beis Yosef</i> yeshivas.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishgen2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deportation_to_Siberia">Deportation to Siberia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Deportation to Siberia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A group of students from the Novardok yehiva were deported as a group by the Soviet Union to internment camps in Siberia, and largely remained together as a group during their internment. Their experiences are recounted in <i>The Alter of Novardok: The life of Rav Yosef Yoizel Horowitz and his worldwide impact,</i> a book published in 2020 by Artscroll Publishing, a major publisher of numerous books on Jewish history. <sup id="cite_ref-artscroll_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artscroll-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Israel">In Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the <i>Alter's</i> students, Rabbi Ben Tzion Bruk opened a branch of the Yeshiva in Jerusalem in the 1930s. The Yeshiva was called Bais Yoseph Novardok. Today, it is headed by his son and grandson, Rabbi Yitzchok Bruk and Rabbi Avrohom Bruk, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_World_War_II">Post World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Post World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the exception of <a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Talmudical_College" title="Gateshead Talmudical College">Gateshead Talmudical College</a> which is officially called "Yeshivas Beis Yosef" of <a href="/wiki/Gateshead" title="Gateshead">Gateshead</a>, all Novardok yeshivas in Europe were wiped out during the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>. Several Novardok yeshivas were established after the Holocaust. However, most of the post-World War II yeshivas are run as regular yeshivas, without the unique Novardok way of education. </p><p>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yoffen" title="Avraham Yoffen">Avraham Yoffen</a> survived the Holocaust, came to the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishgen2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and settled in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> where he re-established the yeshiva. The faculty consisted of Rabbi Yoffen as dean, his son, Rabbi Yaakov Yoffen as a lecturer, and his son-in-law Rabbi Yehuda Leib Nekritz as <a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Mashgiach ruchani</a>. </p><p>During the 1960s, Rabbi Avraham Yoffen moved to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and established a branch of his yeshiva in <a href="/wiki/Meah_Shearim" class="mw-redirect" title="Meah Shearim">Meah Shearim</a>. Under the leadership of the younger Rabbi Yoffen and Rabbi Nekritz, the Brooklyn branch continued to thrive and became renowned as a center for advanced <a href="/wiki/Talmudic" class="mw-redirect" title="Talmudic">Talmudic</a> studies. </p><p>Following Rabbi Avraham Yoffen's death in 1970, leadership of the Jerusalem branch was assumed by his grandson, Rabbi Aaron Yoffen, editor of the <a href="/wiki/Mossad_Harav_Kook" title="Mossad Harav Kook">Mossad Harav Kook</a> edition of the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Tov_Asevilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Tov Asevilli">Ritva</a>'s commentary to <a href="/wiki/Yevamot" title="Yevamot">Yevamot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nedarim_(tractate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedarim (tractate)">Nedarim</a>. Yearly, Rabbi Yaakov Jofen would travel to Jerusalem to teach the students of his father's yeshiva. </p><p>Following Rabbi Nekritz's death and Rabbi Yaakov Yoffen's death in 2003, the leadership of the Brooklyn-based yeshiva fell to their sons, Rabbi Mordechai Yoffen and Rabbi Tzvi Nekritz. They chose to move the Yeshiva to the <a href="/wiki/Flatbush,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatbush, Brooklyn">Flatbush</a> neighborhood of Brooklyn, and bring in Rabbi Yaakov Drillman of <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Chaim_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva Chaim Berlin">Yeshiva Chaim Berlin</a> as a Rosh Yeshiva. </p><p>The Jerusalem branch is headed by Rabbi Shmuel and Rabbi Eitan Yoffen, sons of Rabbi Aaron Yoffen. However, the latter is primarily a high level talmudic professor in the Chevron Yeshiva (Knesset Yisrael) of Jerusalem . </p><p>Also influenced by the Novardok movement is the <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_of_Far_Rockaway" title="Yeshiva of Far Rockaway">Yeshiva of Far Rockaway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Far_Rockaway,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Rockaway, New York">Far Rockaway, New York</a>, founded by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Perr" title="Yechiel Perr">Yechiel Perr</a>, son-in-law of Rabbi Yehuda Leib Nekritz. The yeshiva is named after Rabbi Yoffen's book, <i>Derech Ayson</i>. Rabbi Perr led the yeshiva until he died in May 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another branch in the footsteps of Novardok is Yeshiva Madreigas HaAdam in <a href="/wiki/Queens,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens, NY">Queens, NY</a>, named after the Alter's mussar compendium, headed by Rabbi Yoffen's grandson, Rabbi Moshe Faskowitz. </p><p>A significant, additional network of Novardok Yeshivas was founded after World War II in France by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Gershon_Liebman" title="Gershon Liebman">Gershon Liebman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ami_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ami-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in its heyday, had 40 schools and 6,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though "Rabenou Guerchon"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as he is known in France had founded numerous yeshivos before the war, and had even managed to keep one going during the war, the Beth Yosef-France network found its origins within the newly liberated camp of <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_displaced_persons_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp">Bergen-Belsen</a>. Relocating to various DP camps, and then through several French cities, the yeshiva became a mainstay of the French Jewish community until today. </p><p>Reb Gershon would travel to Morocco to recruit Jewish students, whose only other option for Jewish education were the irreligious <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Isra%C3%A9lite_Universelle" title="Alliance Israélite Universelle">Alliance Israélite Universelle</a> schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Europe</dt></dl> <ul><li>Dayan <a href="/wiki/Yehezkel_Abramsky" title="Yehezkel Abramsky">Yehezkel Abramsky</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Meir_Bar-Ilan" title="Meir Bar-Ilan">Meir Bar-Ilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Grade" title="Chaim Grade">Chaim Grade</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Shlomo_Kahaneman" title="Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman">Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Yisrael_Kanievsky" title="Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky">Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Gershon_Liebman" title="Gershon Liebman">Gershon Liebman</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Galinsky" title="Yaakov Galinsky">Yaakov Galinsky</a></li> <li>Rabbi Yehuda Leib Nekritz</li> <li>Rabbi Yitzchak Orlansky</li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yisroel_Yaakov_Lubchansky" title="Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky">Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>New York</dt></dl> <ul><li>Rabbi Dr. <a href="/wiki/Irving_Greenberg" title="Irving Greenberg">Irving Greenberg</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Nachman_Kahane" class="mw-redirect" title="Nachman Kahane">Nachman Kahane</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Perr" title="Yechiel Perr">Yechiel Perr</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Botchko" title="Eliyahu Botchko">Yera'hmiel Eliyahu Botschko</a></li> <li>Rabbi Yehuda Mandel</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeib_Nekritz,_Rabbi_Yehuda" class="citation book cs1">Leib Nekritz, Rabbi Yehuda. <i>History of the Novardok Yeshiva</i> (condensed ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Novardok+Yeshiva&rft.edition=condensed&rft.au=Leib+Nekritz%2C+Rabbi+Yehuda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishgen2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeintraub,_Rabbi_Shlomo2020" class="citation book cs1">Weintraub, Rabbi Shlomo (February 2020). <i><a href="/wiki/Alter_of_Navordok" class="mw-redirect" title="Alter of Navordok">Alter of Navordok</a></i>. Artscroll.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alter+of+Navordok&rft.pub=Artscroll&rft.date=2020-02&rft.au=Weintraub%2C+Rabbi+Shlomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.yu.edu/xtf/view?docId=ead/leocogan/leocogan.xml;query=;brand=default">Guide to the Leo J. Cogan Papers</a> at Yeshiva University Archives, a collection of correspondence documenting Cogan's time studying at Novardok from 1937 until just before the German invasion of Poland in 1939.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novardok_Yeshiva&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jewishgen2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishgen2_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman" class="citation web cs1">Gutman, Shlomo M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Novogrudok/nov033.html">"What I Remember of Novogrudok"</a>. p. 39<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+I+Remember+of+Novogrudok&rft.pages=39&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=Shlomo+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2FYizkor%2FNovogrudok%2Fnov033.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tzemachdovid-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tzemachdovid_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tzemachdovid_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tzemachdovid_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSofer" class="citation web cs1">Sofer, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040448/http://www.tzemachdovid.org/Musar/navordok1.html">"Rav Yosef Yoizel Horowitz ZT"L The Alter of Novardok"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tzemachdovid.org/Musar/navordok1.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Feb 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rav+Yosef+Yoizel+Horowitz+ZT%22L+The+Alter+of+Novardok&rft.aulast=Sofer&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tzemachdovid.org%2FMusar%2Fnavordok1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yizkor.nypl.org/index.php?id=2939,">"LibGuides: Yizkor Books: Home"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LibGuides%3A+Yizkor+Books%3A+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyizkor.nypl.org%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D2939%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewishgen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jewishgen_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinsburg" class="citation web cs1">Ginsburg, Mordechai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Novogrudok/nov033.html">"The Musar movement"</a>. p. 33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Musar+movement&rft.pages=33&rft.aulast=Ginsburg&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2FYizkor%2FNovogrudok%2Fnov033.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-artscroll-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-artscroll_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artscroll.com/Books/9781422625590.html"><i>The Alter of Novardok: The life of Rav Yosef Yoizel Horowitz and his worldwide impact,</i></a> by Rabbi Shlomo Weintraub, translated from Hebrew, Artscroll Mesorah Publications, 2020,. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matzav.com/rav-yechiel-yitzchok-perr-ztl/">"Rav Yechiel Yitzchok Perr zt"l"</a>. Matzav. May 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rav+Yechiel+Yitzchok+Perr+zt%E2%80%9Dl&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatzav.com%2Frav-yechiel-yitzchok-perr-ztl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvner2011" class="citation book cs1">Avner, Esther Leah (June 2011). <i>Learn, Live, Teach</i>. Brand Name Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-7552-00-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-7552-00-1"><bdi>978-965-7552-00-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learn%2C+Live%2C+Teach&rft.pub=Brand+Name+Books&rft.date=2011-06&rft.isbn=978-965-7552-00-1&rft.aulast=Avner&rft.aufirst=Esther+Leah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ami-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ami_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuchmayer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Tuchmayer, Avi (Sep 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/amimagazine/docs/epub_ami136">"Novardok in the French Countryside"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ami_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ami (magazine)">Ami</a></i> (136): 140–151<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 2,</span> 2016</span>;</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ami&rft.atitle=Novardok+in+the+French+Countryside&rft.issue=136&rft.pages=140-151&rft.date=2013-09-15&rft.aulast=Tuchmayer&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Famimagazine%2Fdocs%2Fepub_ami136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankfurter2013" class="citation journal cs1">Frankfurter, Yitzchok (Sep 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/amimagazine/docs/epub_ami136">"A Conversation with Rav Chaim Halpern of Armentières-en-Brie"</a>. <i>Ami</i> (136): 155–164<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Nov 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ami&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+with+Rav+Chaim+Halpern+of+Armenti%C3%A8res-en-Brie&rft.issue=136&rft.pages=155-164&rft.date=2013-09-15&rft.aulast=Frankfurter&rft.aufirst=Yitzchok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Famimagazine%2Fdocs%2Fepub_ami136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankfurter2013" class="citation journal cs1">Frankfurter (Sep 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/amimagazine/docs/epub_ami136">"A Conversation with Rav Chaim Halpern of Armentières-en-Brie"</a>. <i>Ami</i> (136): 161–162<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jan 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ami&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+with+Rav+Chaim+Halpern+of+Armenti%C3%A8res-en-Brie&rft.issue=136&rft.pages=161-162&rft.date=2013-09-15&rft.au=Frankfurter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Famimagazine%2Fdocs%2Fepub_ami136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bethyossef.fr/en/yeshiva/">"Yeshiva"</a>. <i>Yeshiva Beth Yossef</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yeshiva+Beth+Yossef&rft.atitle=Yeshiva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbethyossef.fr%2Fen%2Fyeshiva%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovardok+Yeshiva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artscroll.com/Books/9781422625590.html">"The Alter of Novardok"</a>. <i>Artscroll.com</i>.</cite><span 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aria-labelledby="Musar_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musar_movement" title="Template:Musar movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musar_movement" title="Template talk:Musar movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musar_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musar movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musar_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musar_movement" title="Musar movement">Musar movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prewar leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Salanter" title="Israel Salanter">Yisroel Salanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcha_Zissel_Ziv" title="Simcha Zissel Ziv">Simcha Zissel Ziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Blazer" title="Yitzchak Blazer">Yitzchak Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)" title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)">Nosson Tzvi Finkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Amsterdam" title="Naftali Amsterdam">Naftali Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yozel_Horwitz" title="Yosef Yozel Horwitz">Yosef Yozel Horwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeruchom_Levovitz" title="Yeruchom Levovitz">Yeruchom Levovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Dov_Dessler" title="Reuven Dov Dessler">Reuven Dov Dessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Gordon" title="Eliezer Gordon">Eliezer Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Rosenstain" title="Moshe Rosenstain">Moshe Rosenstain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftoli_Trop" title="Naftoli Trop">Naftoli Trop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Postwar leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Eliezer_Dessler" title="Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler">Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershon_Liebman" title="Gershon Liebman">Gershon Liebman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechezkel_Levenstein" title="Yechezkel Levenstein">Yechezkel Levenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Leib_Shmuelevitz" title="Chaim Leib Shmuelevitz">Chaim Leib Shmuelevitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosson_Meir_Wachtfogel" title="Nosson Meir Wachtfogel">Nosson Meir Wachtfogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Yaakov_Weinberg" title="Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg">Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Wolbe" title="Shlomo Wolbe">Shlomo Wolbe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary thinkers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Perr" title="Yechiel Perr">Yechiel Perr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_F._Stone" title="Ira F. Stone">Ira F. Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Claussen" title="Geoffrey Claussen">Geoffrey Claussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Morinis" title="Alan Morinis">Alan Morinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jaffe_(rabbi)" title="David Jaffe (rabbi)">David Jaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_Goldberg" title="Hillel Goldberg">Hillel Goldberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yeshivot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kovno_Kollel" title="Kovno Kollel">Kovno Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomza_Yeshiva" title="Lomza Yeshiva">Lomza Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)" title="Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)">Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Belarus)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)">Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelm_Talmud_Torah" title="Kelm Talmud Torah">Kelm Talmud Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron_Yeshiva" title="Hebron Yeshiva">Hebron Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Chofetz_Chaim" title="Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim">Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musar_literature" title="Musar literature">Musar literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_meditation" title="Jewish meditation">Jewish meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Jewish ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teshuvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Teshuvah">Teshuvah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niggun" class="mw-redirect" title="Niggun">Niggun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Mashgiach ruchani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Musar_movement" title="Category:Musar movement">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre–World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" title="Template:Pre-World War II European Yeshivos"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" title="Template talk:Pre-World War II European Yeshivos"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-World War II European Yeshivos"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre–World_War_II_European_Yeshivos" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yeshivos_in_Europe_(before_World_War_II)" title="List of yeshivos in Europe (before World War II)">Pre–World War II European Yeshivos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithuania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelm_Talmud_Torah" title="Kelm Talmud Torah">Kelm Talmud Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponevezh_Yeshiva" title="Ponevezh Yeshiva">Ponevezh Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramailes_Yeshiva" title="Ramailes Yeshiva">Ramailes Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Yisrael_(Slabodka)" title="Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka)">Slabodka Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telshe_Yeshiva" title="Telshe Yeshiva">Telshe Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yitzchak_Bloch" title="Avraham Yitzchak Bloch">Avraham Yitzchak Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Leib_Bloch" title="Yosef Leib Bloch">Yosef Leib Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Mordechai_Epstein" title="Moshe Mordechai Epstein">Moshe Mordechai Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosson_Tzvi_Finkel_(Slabodka)" title="Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)">Nosson Tzvi Finkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Gordon" title="Eliezer Gordon">Eliezer Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Heiman" title="Shlomo Heiman">Shlomo Heiman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzvi_Hersh_Levitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzvi Hersh Levitan (page does not exist)">Tzvi Hersh Levitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Salanter" title="Israel Salanter">Israel Salanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Isaac_Sher" title="Yitzchak Isaac Sher">Yitzchak Isaac Sher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Notable mashgichim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leib_Chasman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leib Chasman (page does not exist)">Leib Chasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Chadash" title="Meir Chadash">Meir Chadash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Tzvi_Heller" title="Dov Tzvi Heller">Dov Tzvi Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Zion_Kranitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Zion Kranitz (page does not exist)">Ben Zion Kranitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeruchom_Levovitz" title="Yeruchom Levovitz">Yeruchom Levovitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belarus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Ohel_Torah-Baranovich" title="Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich">Baranovich Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Yeshiva" title="Grodno Yeshiva">Grodno Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Beis_Yitzchak-Kaminetz" title="Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz">Kaminetz Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kobrin_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kobrin Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Kobrin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Belarus)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)">Mir Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinsk_Yeshiva-Novardok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinsk Yeshiva-Novardok (page does not exist)">Pinsk Yeshiva-Novardok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radin_Yeshiva" title="Radin Yeshiva">Radin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slonim_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slonim Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Slonim Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutsk-Kletsk_Yeshiva" title="Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva">Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volozhin_Yeshiva" title="Volozhin Yeshiva">Volozhin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Tmimim" title="Tomchei Tmimim">Tomchei Tmimim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Zvi_Yehuda_Berlin" title="Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin">Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yehuda_Finkel_(born_1879)" title="Eliezer Yehuda Finkel (born 1879)">Eliezer Yehuda Finkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yozel_Horwitz" title="Yosef Yozel Horwitz">Yosef Yozel Horwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Meir_Kagan" title="Yisrael Meir Kagan">Yisrael Meir Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elya_Baruch_Kammai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elya Baruch Kammai (page does not exist)">Elya Baruch Kammai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Kotler" title="Aharon Kotler">Aharon Kotler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moshe_Landynski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moshe Landynski (page does not exist)">Moshe Landynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boruch_Ber_Leibowitz" title="Boruch Ber Leibowitz">Boruch Ber Leibowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isser_Zalman_Meltzer" title="Isser Zalman Meltzer">Isser Zalman Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesach_Pruskin" title="Pesach Pruskin">Pesach Pruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rappoport" title="David Rappoport">David Rappoport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Shkop" title="Shimon Shkop">Shimon Shkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soloveitchik" title="Chaim Soloveitchik">Chaim Soloveitchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchok_Zev_Soloveitchik" title="Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik">Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Leib_Tiktinsky" title="Chaim Leib Tiktinsky">Chaim Leib Tiktinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftoli_Trop" title="Naftoli Trop">Naftoli Trop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_of_Volozhin" title="Chaim of Volozhin">Chaim of Volozhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_of_Volozhin" title="Yitzhak of Volozhin">Yitzhak of Volozhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elchonon_Wasserman" title="Elchonon Wasserman">Elchonon Wasserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabsi_Yogel" title="Shabsi Yogel">Shabsi Yogel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Notable mashgichim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Harkavy" title="Shlomo Harkavy">Shlomo Harkavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisroel_Yaakov_Lubchansky" title="Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky">Yisroel Yaakov Lubchansky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yosef_Leib_Nenedik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yosef Leib Nenedik (page does not exist)">Yosef Leib Nenedik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Dolinsky" title="Zalman Dolinsky">Zalman Dolinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheftel_Kramer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheftel Kramer (page does not exist)">Sheftel Kramer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keser_Torah_Radomsk" title="Keser Torah Radomsk">Keser Torah Radomsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomza_Yeshiva" title="Lomza Yeshiva">Lomza Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chachmei_Lublin_Yeshiva" title="Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva">Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesivta_of_Warsaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesivta of Warsaw (page does not exist)">Mesivta of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Tzvi_Frumer" title="Aryeh Tzvi Frumer">Aryeh Tzvi Frumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Yisrael_Kanievsky" title="Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky">Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dan_Plotzky" title="Meir Dan Plotzky">Meir Dan Plotzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Moshe_Rabinowicz" title="David Moshe Rabinowicz">David Moshe Rabinowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Shapiro" title="Meir Shapiro">Meir Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yoffen" title="Avraham Yoffen">Avraham Yoffen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach_ruchani" title="Mashgiach ruchani">Notable mashgichim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Rosenstain" title="Moshe Rosenstain">Moshe Rosenstain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehuda_Leib_Nekritz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehuda Leib Nekritz (page does not exist)">Yehuda Leib Nekritz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovakia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitra_Yeshiva_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitra Yeshiva (Slovakia)">Nitra Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressburg_Yeshiva_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Pressburg Yeshiva (Austria-Hungary)">Pressburg Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akiva_Sofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akiva Sofer (page does not exist)">Akiva Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Shmuel_Binyamin_Sofer" title="Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer">Avraham Shmuel Binyamin Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Sofer" title="Moses Sofer">Moses Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simcha_Bunim_Sofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simcha Bunim Sofer (page does not exist)">Simcha Bunim Sofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Dovid_Ungar" title="Shmuel Dovid Ungar">Shmuel Dovid Ungar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western<br />Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yeshivos" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivos">Yeshivos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Talmudical_College" title="Gateshead Talmudical College">Gateshead Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heide_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heide Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Heide Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheimer_Rabbinical_Seminary" title="Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary">Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchester_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchester Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Manchester Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreaux_Yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montreaux Yeshiva (page does not exist)">Montreaux Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Lehranstalt" title="Torah Lehranstalt">Torah Lehranstalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_of_Aix-les-Bains" title="Yeshiva of Aix-les-Bains">Yeshivas Chachmei Tzorfas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rosh_yeshiva" title="Rosh yeshiva">Notable roshei yeshiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Botchko" title="Eliyahu Botchko">Eliyahu Botchko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Breuer" title="Solomon Breuer">Solomon Breuer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breuer" title="Joseph Breuer">Joseph Breuer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaim_Yitzchok_Chaiken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaim Yitzchok Chaiken (page does not exist)">Chaim Yitzchok Chaiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azriel_Hildesheimer" title="Azriel Hildesheimer">Azriel Hildesheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zvi_Hoffmann" title="David Zvi Hoffmann">David Zvi Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avrohom_Eliyahu_Kaplan" title="Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan">Avrohom Eliyahu Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nachman_Dovid_Landinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nachman Dovid Landinski (page does not exist)">Nachman Dovid Landinski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moshe_Yitzchak_Segal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moshe Yitzchak Segal (page does not exist)">Moshe Yitzchak Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shraga_Feivel_Shapiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shraga Feivel Shapiro (page does not exist)">Shraga Feivel Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yechiel_Yaakov_Weinberg" title="Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg">Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_in_World_War_II" title="Yeshivas in World War II">Yeshivas in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaad_HaYeshivos" title="Vaad HaYeshivos">Vaad HaYeshivos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pre%E2%80%93World_War_II_European_yeshivas" title="Category:Pre–World War II European yeshivas">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_History_of_Jews_and_Judaism_in_Belarus_15px&#124;National_emblem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_Belarusian_history" title="Template:Jewish Belarusian history"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewish_Belarusian_history" title="Template talk:Jewish Belarusian history"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_Belarusian_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish Belarusian history"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_History_of_Jews_and_Judaism_in_Belarus_15px&#124;National_emblem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belarus" title="History of the Jews in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History of Jews and Judaism in Belarus</span></a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_(2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National emblem"><img alt="National emblem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_groups_in_Belarus" title="Category:Jewish groups in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Judaism_in_Belarus" title="Category:Orthodox Judaism in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Orthodox</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misnagdim" title="Misnagdim">Misnagdim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musar_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Musar Movement">Musar Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism_in_Lithuania" title="Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania">Hasidim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad-Lubavitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlin-Stolin_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Karlin-Stolin (Hasidic dynasty)">Karlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechovitch_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Lechovitch (Hasidic dynasty)">Lechovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koidanov_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Koidanov (Hasidic dynasty)">Koidanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slonim_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)">Slonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Chaykl_of_Amdur" title="Chaim Chaykl of Amdur">Amdur</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Secular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah#Spread" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund" title="General Jewish Labour Bund">General Jewish Labour Bund</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Zionist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion">Poale Zion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Union_(Poalei_Zion)" title="Jewish Communist Union (Poalei Zion)">Komverband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Party_(Poalei_Zion)" title="Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)">Jewish Communist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbut" title="Tarbut">Tarbut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_Belarus" title="Category:Synagogues in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Synagogues</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Grodno)" title="Great Synagogue (Grodno)">Great Synagogue (Grodno)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_synagogues_in_Belarus" title="Category:Former synagogues in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Former</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choral_Synagogue_(Brest)" title="Choral Synagogue (Brest)">Choral Synagogue (Brest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choral_synagogue_(Vitebsk)" title="Choral synagogue (Vitebsk)">Choral synagogue (Vitebsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Synagogue,_Minsk" title="Cold Synagogue, Minsk">Cold Synagogue, Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Synagogue,_Mogilev" title="Cold Synagogue, Mogilev">Cold Synagogue, Mogilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slonim_Synagogue" title="Slonim Synagogue">Slonim Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82pa_Synagogue" title="Wołpa Synagogue">Wołpa Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaniomanskaja_Synagogue" title="Zaniomanskaja Synagogue">Zaniomanskaja Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yeshivos_in_Europe_(before_World_War_II)" title="List of yeshivos in Europe (before World War II)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Yeshivas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Ohel_Torah-Baranovich" title="Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich">Baranovich Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Yeshiva" title="Grodno Yeshiva">Grodno Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Beis_Yitzchak-Kaminetz" title="Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz">Kaminetz Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Belarus)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)">Mir Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radin_Yeshiva" title="Radin Yeshiva">Radin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutsk-Kletsk_Yeshiva" title="Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva">Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volozhin_Yeshiva" title="Volozhin Yeshiva">Volozhin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Tmimim" title="Tomchei Tmimim">Tomchei Tmimim − Lubavitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belarus" title="The Holocaust in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">The Holocaust</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_ghettos_in_Nazi-occupied_Belarus" title="Category:Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ghettos</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brze%C5%9B%C4%87_Ghetto" title="Brześć Ghetto">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Ghetto" title="Grodno Ghetto">Grodno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzyatlava_Ghetto" title="Dzyatlava Ghetto">Dzyatlava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobryn#World_War_II_and_recent_times" title="Kobryn">Kobryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81achwa_Ghetto" title="Łachwa Ghetto">Lakhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Ghetto" title="Minsk Ghetto">Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raka%C5%AD_Ghetto" title="Rakaŭ Ghetto">Rakaŭ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%84sk_Ghetto" title="Pińsk Ghetto">Pinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82onim_Ghetto" title="Słonim Ghetto">Slonim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_concentration_camps_in_Belarus" title="Category:Nazi concentration camps in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Concentration camps</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidovka_concentration_camp" title="Davidovka concentration camp">Davidovka concentration camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koldichevo" title="Koldichevo">Koldichevo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Extermination sites and massacres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronna_G%C3%B3ra" title="Bronna Góra">Bronna Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzyatlava_massacre" title="Dzyatlava massacre">Dzyatlava massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maly_Trostenets" title="Maly Trostenets">Maly Trostenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutsk_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Slutsk affair">Slutsk affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bielski_partisans" title="Bielski partisans">Bielski partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81achwa_Ghetto#Uprising_and_massacre" title="Łachwa Ghetto">Łachwa Ghetto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82onim_Ghetto#The_revolt" title="Słonim Ghetto">Słonim Ghetto Jewish revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Ghetto#Resistance" title="Minsk Ghetto">Minsk Ghetto resistance organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzyatlava_Ghetto#Partisan_resistance_activities" title="Dzyatlava Ghetto">Zhetler Battalion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history_in_Lithuania_and_Belarus" title="Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belarusian_Jews" title="List of Belarusian Jews"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of Belarusian Jews</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span 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