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The efforts of ECOWAS was observed in" /> <title>(PDF) Efforts and Challenges of Sub-regional Mediation Mechanism Case of Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS)</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/16922415/Efforts_and_Challenges_of_Sub_regional_Mediation_Mechanism_Case_of_Economic_Community_of_West_Africa_States_ECOWAS_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'a68ca24ef94e14dff4960a9c79b38817761055c5'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740153258000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740153258000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This article analyzes the underpinnings of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) mediation mechanisms with emphasis on efforts, challenges, and possible solutions to effective mediation mechanisms. The efforts of ECOWAS was observed in the adoption of the 1999 Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security (the Mechanism) which established ECOWAS Mediation and Security Council (MSC), but prior to this, ECOWAS engaged in several mediations across the sub-region. However ECOWAS is faced with the question of vesting state interests, lack of resources and effective institutional mandate for the operationalization of the mechanisms it has established inclusive of its failure to adopt a Mediation Support Unit(MSU). This article suggests the empowerment and the re-structuring of processes and mediation strategies of the Council of Elders, establishment MSU and finally incorporation of the use of Multi-Track mediation strategy.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Julius A Adinoyi","url":"https://auburn.academia.edu/JuliusAdinoyi"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-10-17","dateModified":"2015-10-20","datePublished":"2015-04-01","headline":"Efforts and Challenges of Sub-regional Mediation Mechanism Case of Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS)","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39259040/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Africa","Mediation","Conflict Resolution","Conflict 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The efforts of ECOWAS was observed in the adoption of the 1999 Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security (the Mechanism) which established ECOWAS Mediation and Security Council (MSC), but prior to this, ECOWAS engaged in several mediations across the sub-region. However ECOWAS is faced with the question of vesting state interests, lack of resources and effective institutional mandate for the operationalization of the mechanisms it has established inclusive of its failure to adopt a Mediation Support Unit(MSU). This article suggests the empowerment and the re-structuring of processes and mediation strategies of the Council of Elders, establishment MSU and finally incorporation of the use of Multi-Track mediation strategy.","event_date":null,"publication_date":"2015,4,","conference_end_date":null,"conference_start_date":null},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Efforts and Challenges of Sub-regional Mediation Mechanism Case of Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS)","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4694038]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":39259040,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Efforts and Challenges of Sub-regional Mediation Mechanism Case of Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/39259040/mini_magick20190223-10276-103o23i.png?1550922620" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Efforts and Challenges of Sub-regional Mediation Mechanism Case of Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4694038" href="https://auburn.academia.edu/JuliusAdinoyi"><img alt="Profile image of Julius A Adinoyi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4694038/1977822/118066751/s65_julius.adinoyi.jpeg" />Julius A Adinoyi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 16922415; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This article analyzes the underpinnings of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) mediation mechanisms with emphasis on efforts, challenges, and possible solutions to effective mediation mechanisms. The efforts of ECOWAS was observed in the adoption of the 1999 Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security (the Mechanism) which established ECOWAS Mediation and Security Council (MSC), but prior to this, ECOWAS engaged in several mediations across the sub-region. However ECOWAS is faced with the question of vesting state interests, lack of resources and effective institutional mandate for the operationalization of the mechanisms it has established inclusive of its failure to adopt a Mediation Support Unit(MSU). This article suggests the empowerment and the re-structuring of processes and mediation strategies of the Council of Elders, establishment MSU and finally incorporation of the use of Multi-Track mediation strategy.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":39259040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/16922415/Efforts_and_Challenges_of_Sub_regional_Mediation_Mechanism_Case_of_Economic_Community_of_West_Africa_States_ECOWAS_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":39259040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/16922415/Efforts_and_Challenges_of_Sub_regional_Mediation_Mechanism_Case_of_Economic_Community_of_West_Africa_States_ECOWAS_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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It has been used to prevent and resolve many violent conflicts in Africa. The commonly used type of mediation in African conflict is regional organisation-led mediation processes. Despite the popularity of this type of mediation in Africa, we know preciously little about the lessons major African regional organization have, or have not, learned from these mediation processes. This paper examines Organization of African Unity, now the African Union’s (O/AU) mediation of Burundi conflicts between 1993 and 2009 to help observers of African international relations gain a deeper understanding of lessons that can be learned from mediation by African regional organizations. The paper argues that many novel conflict resolution tools, including the creation of an effective ad hoc regional institution to provide political support to the mediator, emerged from the mediation processes. Yet, the mediation lacked the most basic element of the scie...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lessons learned from mediation by an African regional Organization","attachmentId":80679433,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71255934/Lessons_learned_from_mediation_by_an_African_regional_Organization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71255934/Lessons_learned_from_mediation_by_an_African_regional_Organization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="103570379" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103570379/Mediating_Peace_in_Africa_A_study_on_the_role_of_Mediation_Support_Units">Mediating Peace in Africa: A study on the role of Mediation Support Units</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34181064" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KizitoSabala">Kizito Sabala</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Monograph Series No. 1/2023, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The announcement by the Burundian ruling party, the National Council for the Defence of Democracy–Forces for the Defence of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), that President Pierre Nkurunziza would be seeking a third term in office in 2015, sparked unprecedented violence that compelled the East Africa Community (EAC) to intervene. The EAC found itself on unfamiliar ground with limited experience in mediation and in an environment where several factors conspired to undermine the process producing mixed results, the subject matter of this chapter. Through desk research, this chapter uses the EAC mediation in Burundi between 2015 and 2017 to glean crucial lessons about the Community’s role in mediation in the sub-region. It concludes that the EAC approach to mediation in the Burundi crisis was disjointed, lacked an effective strategy and plan and sound political leadership and will. Furthermore, the process suffered from a lack of effective coordination between the African Union (AU), the United Nations (UN) and the EAC. Moving forward, the Community’s leadership should prioritise regional peace and security over historical ties, personal relations and differences and co-ordination.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mediating Peace in Africa: A study on the role of Mediation Support Units","attachmentId":103543392,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103570379/Mediating_Peace_in_Africa_A_study_on_the_role_of_Mediation_Support_Units","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103570379/Mediating_Peace_in_Africa_A_study_on_the_role_of_Mediation_Support_Units"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="13232342" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13232342/The_Challenges_of_Implementing_Mediation_In_Africa">The Challenges of Implementing Mediation In Africa </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24978857" href="https://uonbi.academia.edu/ScofieldMuliru">Scofield Y . Muliru</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Mediation has for a long time been used as one of the major means of conflict resolution as it has always created a win-win solution to the warring parties. The question of sustainable peace has been subject of discussion in Africa for a while now. In most cases, it has been seen that mediators drawn from states and other international organizations focus more on focus more on the solutions to the conflict rather than peace-making. In addition, the selection of the mediators has been seen as a power dynamic situation where mediators are chosen on the basis of political affiliations rather that the experience in negotiations and mediation as a whole. 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The question of sustainable peace has been subject of discussion in Africa for a while now. In most cases, it has been seen that mediators drawn from states and other international organizations focus more on focus more on the solutions to the conflict rather than peace-making. In addition, the selection of the mediators has been seen as a power dynamic situation where mediators are chosen on the basis of political affiliations rather that the experience in negotiations and mediation as a whole. More than 20 agreements have been developed in different mediation processes but questions on; why some peace processes succeed and other don’t, why some create efficient provisions for the protection of human rights while others do not and finally the short term with which hostilities are usually put to rest in a post mediation process. This paper seeks to look at some of the challenges facing the implementation of mediation agreements with the case of Sudan and Sierra Leone as examples of use.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The challenges of implementing mediation agreements in Africa ","attachmentId":37483368,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12190647/The_challenges_of_implementing_mediation_agreements_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12190647/The_challenges_of_implementing_mediation_agreements_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="32927200" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32927200/How_to_Manage_Interorganizational_Disputes_over_Mediation_in_Africa">How to Manage Interorganizational Disputes over Mediation in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2931146" href="https://up-za.academia.edu/LaurieNathan">Laurie Nathan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article explores the inter-organizational tension and competition that frequently impair the effectiveness of international mediation in Africa. It examines the principle of subsidiarity as a basis for preventing and managing disputes between the UN, the AU and the sub-regional bodies. Considerable support for this principle can be found in the UN Charter, AU policies and the scholarly literature. However, the article concludes that subsidiarity is not an appropriate institutional model for determining the nature of multilateral relations and the locus of decision-making authority in peacemaking on the continent. A model based on the principle of strategic partnership would be politically and organizationally more mature and productive.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How to Manage Interorganizational Disputes over Mediation in Africa","attachmentId":53061174,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32927200/How_to_Manage_Interorganizational_Disputes_over_Mediation_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32927200/How_to_Manage_Interorganizational_Disputes_over_Mediation_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="8378461" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8378461/_2014_The_African_Union_Preventive_Diplomacy_Mediation_and_the_Panel_of_the_Wise_Review_and_reflection_on_the_Panels_first_six_years">(2014) The African Union, Preventive Diplomacy, Mediation and the Panel of the Wise: Review and reflection on the Panel's first six years</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42376806" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YvetteNgandu">Yvette Ngandu</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="267856" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jo%C3%A3oGomesPorto">João Gomes Porto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Panel of the Wise, now in its seventh year, is one of the pillars of the African Union's Peace and Security Architecture (APSA). The short history of this important pillar of APSA reveals its gradual and progressive institutionalisation within a complex and rapidly moving environment. The institutionalization of the Panel is discussed by reference to the various stages of institutionalization and change applied to the context of organizations. These include a first phase characterized by innovation, commitment and initiation (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007); a second phase focused on operationalization where creativity and discovery characterized the search for an operational niche and where a degree of institutional habitualization began to take place (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), and a third phase characterized by full institutionalization, an expanding portfolio of activities and diffusion through the creation of the Pan-African Network of the Wise (PanWise) the creation of the "Friends of the Panel" (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014). Moreover, understanding the Panel of the Wise requires reference to the wider context of African Union mediation and related peacemaking activities in light of the persistent misunderstanding in academic and policy circles that the Panel of the Wise is the Union's mediation arm. Discussions of the Panel must therefore include a considering of existing -and potential -linkages with the special envoys, special representatives and chief mediators of the African Union Commission (AUC), other APSA pillars as well as the Panel's Secretariat role in doctrinal development of strategies, guidelines, capacity-building, learning and knowledge management on mediation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"(2014) The African Union, Preventive Diplomacy, Mediation and the Panel of the Wise: Review and reflection on the Panel's first six years","attachmentId":45540872,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8378461/_2014_The_African_Union_Preventive_Diplomacy_Mediation_and_the_Panel_of_the_Wise_Review_and_reflection_on_the_Panels_first_six_years","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8378461/_2014_The_African_Union_Preventive_Diplomacy_Mediation_and_the_Panel_of_the_Wise_Review_and_reflection_on_the_Panels_first_six_years"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="41612321" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41612321/Engel_ed_2012_New_Mediation_Practices_in_African_Conflicts">Engel (ed.) 2012. New Mediation Practices in African Conflicts</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24087337" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/UlfEngel">Ulf Engel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Mediation Practices in African Conflicts, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The contributions to this volume unambiguously demonstrate that the African Union has broken with the past of its predecessor, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), and has become very serious in addressing violations of its shared values, in particular with regard to unconstitutional changes of government. The new mediation practices differ from past experience .... They are facing similar constraints, but also new opportunities. Conflict mediation in difficult terrain has become a major pre-occupation of various actors of the African peace and security as well as the African governance architectures, APSA and AGA. In this process the AUC itself has become the crucial actor. It slowly develops into a – still to be capacitated, strengthened and consolidated – centre of professionalization and mediation activity. The AUC is defining interests of its own which usually are negotiated in alliance, but when necessary increasingly also against AU member states. This is not surprising; it only confirms the expectations of some observers on the impact of “Africrats”, i.e. the continental organization’s bureaucrats, in the institutionalization of the African Union.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Engel (ed.) 2012. New Mediation Practices in African Conflicts","attachmentId":61767575,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41612321/Engel_ed_2012_New_Mediation_Practices_in_African_Conflicts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41612321/Engel_ed_2012_New_Mediation_Practices_in_African_Conflicts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="116320445" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116320445/Observations_Regarding_the_International_Regulation_of_Mediation_as_a_Diplomatic_Way_to_Resolve_the_Conflicts_between_States">Observations Regarding the International Regulation of Mediation, as a Diplomatic Way to Resolve the Conflicts between States</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="77456904" href="https://independent.academia.edu/danguna">dan guna</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Mediation is one of the political-diplomatic ways which are the most frequently regulated but also used for resolving the international conflicts between states. It is regulated by the international conventions either in a distinct manner, or by referring to the category of peaceful methods to which it belongs. In the circumstances in which is distinctly regulated, mediation can be found along with reconciliation, good offices and inquiry, according to the model provided by article 33 of the U.N. Charter. Apart from the enumeration method, there are also (less frequent) situations in which mediation is separately indicated either as self-standing or together with good offices. In what the international organizations are concerned, it can be noticed that, apart from providing for mediation within their statute, efforts are made to organize a permanent professional basis for some structures specialized in using mediation throughout the process of resolving conflicts. The importance of mediation as a method to prevent and resolve disputes has been underlined when the U.N. General Assembly adopted a special resolution regarding this method, but also at the creation of a specialized body for mediation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Observations Regarding the International Regulation of Mediation, as a Diplomatic Way to Resolve the Conflicts between States","attachmentId":112484717,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116320445/Observations_Regarding_the_International_Regulation_of_Mediation_as_a_Diplomatic_Way_to_Resolve_the_Conflicts_between_States","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116320445/Observations_Regarding_the_International_Regulation_of_Mediation_as_a_Diplomatic_Way_to_Resolve_the_Conflicts_between_States"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="126681966" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126681966/Appraisal_of_the_use_of_Mediation_and_Negotiation_in_Conflict_Resolution_during_Armed_Conflicts_in_East_Africa">Appraisal of the use of Mediation and Negotiation in Conflict Resolution during Armed Conflicts in East Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="163700542" href="https://noun.academia.edu/JACOBASHIBI">Jacob E N E J I ASHIBI</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This research appraises the use of mediation and negotiations during armed conflicts in East Africa, focusing on some key case studies like South Sudan, Somalia, and Northern Uganda. Attention is paid to how regional and international actors have been significant facilitators of peace processes, involving the African Union, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, and the United Nations. The doctrinal approach to research was undertaken to understand the successes and setbacks of these efforts, address practical challenges pertaining to cultural, political, and logistical barriers, and analyze power dynamics and processes of trust-building during mediation and negotiation. While mediation has indeed been instrumental in brokering peace agreements, many challenges persist, such as the influence of external actors on peace processes and the sustainability of the outcomes. By taking a nuanced approach to understanding how mediation and negotiation can best be developed and leveraged in East Africa's conflict landscape. It provides practical recommendations on how to enhance the capacity of local mediators, improve coordination among external actors, and ensure the sustainability of peace agreements. This study contributes to the academic discourse of conflict resolution and policy development and imparts valuable information to scholars and policymakers alike on current dynamics in armed conflict in East Africa and what that may mean for international peace building efforts in the years ahead. Keywords: Mediation, Negotiation, East-Africa, Peace Agreement, Peace</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Appraisal of the use of Mediation and Negotiation in Conflict Resolution during Armed Conflicts in East Africa","attachmentId":120523001,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126681966/Appraisal_of_the_use_of_Mediation_and_Negotiation_in_Conflict_Resolution_during_Armed_Conflicts_in_East_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126681966/Appraisal_of_the_use_of_Mediation_and_Negotiation_in_Conflict_Resolution_during_Armed_Conflicts_in_East_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39259040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39259040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_39259040" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="2316654" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2316654/Mediation_in_African_conflicts_The_gap_between_mandate_and_capacity">Mediation in African conflicts: The gap between mandate and capacity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2931146" href="https://up-za.academia.edu/LaurieNathan">Laurie Nathan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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