CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7e0803ce-56d4-49ac-bf58-d0ea93608365","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor","wgTitle":"Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor","wgCurRevisionId":1219593987,"wgRevisionId":1219593987,"wgArticleId":14722972,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2019","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States National Library of Medicine","Genes on human chromosome 5","Clusters of differentiation","Immunoglobulin superfamily cytokine receptors","Tyrosine kinase receptors"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor","wgRelevantArticleId":14722972,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5148523","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES= ["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1000"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png/800px-Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="667"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png/640px-Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor rootpage-Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Colony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Colony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Colony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Colony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Gene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Protein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osteoclasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osteoclasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Osteoclasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osteoclasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monocytes_and_macrophages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monocytes_and_macrophages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Monocytes and macrophages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monocytes_and_macrophages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microglia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microglia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Microglia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microglia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neural_progenitor_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neural_progenitor_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Neural progenitor cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neural_progenitor_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germline_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germline_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Germline cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germline_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bone_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bone_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bone disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bone_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurological_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurological_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Neurological disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurological_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adult-onset_leukoencephalopathy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adult-onset_leukoencephalopathy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adult-onset_leukoencephalopathy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_brain_diseases_and_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_brain_diseases_and_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Other brain diseases and disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_brain_diseases_and_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Therapeutics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Therapeutics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Therapeutics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Therapeutics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Therapeutics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Therapeutics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Safety_of_CSF1R_inhibition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_of_CSF1R_inhibition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Safety of CSF1R inhibition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety_of_CSF1R_inhibition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_1" title="مستقبل عامل تحفيز المستعمرات 1 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستقبل عامل تحفيز المستعمرات 1" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF1R" title="CSF1R – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="CSF1R" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF1R" title="CSF1R – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="CSF1R" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_1" title="مستقبل عامل تحفيز المستعمرات 1 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مستقبل عامل تحفيز المستعمرات 1" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_1_faktora_stimulacije_kolonija" title="Receptor 1 faktora stimulacije kolonija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Receptor 1 faktora stimulacije kolonija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF1R" title="CSF1R – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="CSF1R" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5148523#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&oldid=1219593987" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&id=1219593987&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FColony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FColony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5148523" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">Macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein found in humans</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">CSF1R</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png/250px-Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png/375px-Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png/500px-Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P09581%20or%20P07333">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P09581,P07333">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I0V">2I0V</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I0Y">2I0Y</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I1M">2I1M</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2OGV">2OGV</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3BEA">3BEA</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3DPK">3DPK</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3KRJ">3KRJ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3KRL">3KRL</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3LCD">3LCD</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3LCO">3LCO</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4DKD">4DKD</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4HW7">4HW7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4LIQ">4LIQ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4R7H">4R7H</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4R7I">4R7I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4WRL">4WRL</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4WRM">4WRM</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/2433">CSF1R</a></span>, C-FMS, CD115, CSF-1R, CSFR, FIM2, FMS, HDLS, M-CSF-R, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, BANDDOS, HDLS1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/164770">164770</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1339758">1339758</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=3817">3817</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CSF1R">CSF1R</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000182578">CSF1R - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+2.7.10.1">2.7.10.1</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ideogram_human_chromosome_5.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ideogram_human_chromosome_5.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ideogram_human_chromosome_5.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_5_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 5 (human)">Chromosome 5 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_5_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Human_chromosome_5_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_5_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Human_chromosome_5_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_5_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Human_chromosome_5_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_5_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 237.76907523475px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CSF1R"><img alt="Genomic location for CSF1R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 243.8px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CSF1R"><img alt="Genomic location for CSF1R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">5q32</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">150,053,291 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">150,113,372 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 18 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 18 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 18 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 18 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 18 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_18.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 193.22151313084px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CSF1R"><img alt="Genomic location for CSF1R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 199.2px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CSF1R"><img alt="Genomic location for CSF1R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">18 E1|18 34.41 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">61,233,670 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">61,265,221 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000182578">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">granulocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">monocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">spleen</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right coronary artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">placenta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">inferior ganglion of vagus nerve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">retinal pigment epithelium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gallbladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">appendix</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lymph node</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000024621">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">stroma of bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">retinal pigment epithelium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">ankle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">motor neuron</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tibiofemoral joint</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">internal carotid artery</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">calvaria</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">substantia nigra</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gastrula</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">globus pallidus</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000182578">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_CSF1R_203104_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PBB_GE_CSF1R_203104_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_CSF1R_203104_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PBB_GE_CSF1R_203104_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_CSF1R_203104_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/PBB_GE_CSF1R_203104_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_CSF1R_203104_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/1436/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000166">nucleotide binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004713">protein tyrosine kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004672">protein kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016740">transferase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004714">transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016301">kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042803">protein homodimerization activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005524">ATP binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019903">protein phosphatase binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005011">macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019955">cytokine binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420511" class="extiw" title="d:Q420511">receptor tyrosine kinase</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004888">transmembrane signaling receptor activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016021">integral component of membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005887">integral component of plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016020">membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009986">cell surface</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1990682">CSF1-CSF1R complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005654">nucleoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005886">plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043231">intracellular membrane-bounded organelle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043235">receptor complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008285">negative regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007169">transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071902">positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060603">mammary gland duct morphogenesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000147">positive regulation of cell motility</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0038145">macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048015">phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043066">negative regulation of apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070374">positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007165">signal transduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007411">axon guidance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007275">multicellular organism development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030224">monocyte differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030225">macrophage differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031529">ruffle organization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030335">positive regulation of cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071345">cellular response to cytokine stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046777">protein autophosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0018108">peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0021772">olfactory bulb development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045124">regulation of bone resorption</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046488">phosphatidylinositol metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006468">protein phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061098">positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045217">cell-cell junction maintenance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030316">osteoclast differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045087">innate immune response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000249">regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002376">immune system process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006954">inflammatory response</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001934">positive regulation of protein phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0021879">forebrain neuron differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016310">phosphorylation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0036006">cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008284">positive regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008360">regulation of cell shape</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008283">cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042531">positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019221">cytokine-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030097">hemopoiesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009968">negative regulation of signal transduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030154">cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002244">hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043410">positive regulation of MAPK cascade</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002931">response to ischemia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061518">microglial cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0044794">positive regulation by host of viral process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=1436&rn=1">1436</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=12978&rn=1">12978</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000182578;db=core">ENSG00000182578</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000024621;db=core">ENSMUSG00000024621</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P07333">P07333</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09581">P09581</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001288705">NM_001288705</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_005211">NM_005211</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001349736">NM_001349736</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001375320">NM_001375320</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001375321">NM_001375321</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001037859">NM_001037859</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_007779">NM_007779</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001275634">NP_001275634</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_005202">NP_005202</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001336665">NP_001336665</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001362249">NP_001362249</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001362250">NP_001362250</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001032948">NP_001032948</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr5:150053291-150113372">Chr 5: 150.05 – 150.11 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr18:61233670-61265221">Chr 18: 61.23 – 61.27 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148523" class="extiw" title="d:Q5148523">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18248541" class="extiw" title="d:Q18248541">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor</b> (CSF1R), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), and CD115 (Cluster of Differentiation 115), is a cell-surface <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> encoded by the human <i>CSF1R</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> (known also as c-FMS).<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1611909_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1611909-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CSF1R is a <a href="/wiki/Immune_receptor" title="Immune receptor">receptor</a> that can be activated by two <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" title="Macrophage colony-stimulating factor">colony stimulating factor 1</a> (CSF-1) and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_34" title="Interleukin 34">interleukin-34</a> (IL-34). CSF1R is highly expressed in <a href="/wiki/Myeloid_tissue" title="Myeloid tissue">myeloid</a> cells, and CSF1R signaling is necessary for the <a href="/wiki/Cell_survival" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell survival">survival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_proliferation" title="Cell proliferation">proliferation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cell_differentiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell differentiation">differentiation</a> of many myeloid cell types <i><a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a>.</i> CSF1R signaling is involved in many diseases and is targeted in therapies for <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurodegeneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurodegeneration">neurodegeneration</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bone_disease" title="Bone disease">inflammatory bone diseases</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gene">Gene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the human genome, the <i>CSF1R</i> gene is located on chromosome 5 (5q32), and in mice the <i>Csf1r</i> gene is located on chromosome 18 (18D). <i>CSF1R</i> is 60.002 kilobases (kbs) in length. <a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">Hematopoietic stem cells</a> express <i>CSF1R</i> at low levels, but <i>CSF1R</i> is highly expressed in <a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">more differentiated</a> myeloid cell types such as <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">osteoclasts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">myeloid dendritic cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">microglia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley_2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>CSF1R</i> expression is controlled by two alternative <a href="/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)" title="Promoter (genetics)">promoters</a> that are active in specific tissue types. <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">Exon</a> 1 of <i>CSF1R</i> is specifically <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcribed</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trophoblast" title="Trophoblast">trophoblastic cells</a> whereas exon 2 is specifically transcribed in macrophages. Activation of <i>CSF1R</i> transcription is regulated by several transcription factors including <a href="/wiki/ETS_transcription_factor_family" title="ETS transcription factor family">Ets</a> and <a href="/wiki/PU.1" class="mw-redirect" title="PU.1">PU.1</a>. Macrophage expression of the <i>CSF1R</i> gene is regulated by the promoter <a href="/wiki/Upstream_and_downstream_(transduction)" title="Upstream and downstream (transduction)">upstream</a> of exon 2 and another highly <a href="/wiki/Conserved_sequence" title="Conserved sequence">conserved</a> region termed the fms intronic regulatory element (FIRE). The FIRE is a 250-bp region in <a href="/wiki/Intron" title="Intron">intron</a> 2 that regulates transcript elongation during transcription of <i>CSF1R</i> in macrophages. Specific deletion of FIRE prevents differentiation of only specific macrophage types such as brain microglia and macrophages in the skin, kidney, heart, and peritoneum whereas deletion of the entire mouse <i>Csf1r</i> gene widely prevents macrophage differentiation, causing profound developmental defects.<sup id="cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the first <a href="/wiki/Intron" title="Intron">intron</a> of the <i>CSF1R</i> gene contains a <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcriptionally</a> inactive <a href="/wiki/RPL7" class="mw-redirect" title="RPL7">ribosomal protein L7</a> processed <a href="/wiki/Pseudogene" title="Pseudogene">pseudogene</a>, oriented in the opposite direction to the <i>CSF1R</i> gene.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protein">Protein</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Protein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinase_Dimerization.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinase_Dimerization.jpg/331px-Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinase_Dimerization.jpg" decoding="async" width="331" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinase_Dimerization.jpg/497px-Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinase_Dimerization.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinase_Dimerization.jpg/662px-Receptor_Tyrosine_Kinase_Dimerization.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>Schematic showing how ligand binding to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as CSF1R promotes receptor dimerization which is important for receptor signaling.</figcaption></figure> <p>CSF1R, the protein encoded by the <i>CSF1R</i> gene is a <a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">tyrosine kinase</a> <a href="/wiki/Transmembrane_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmembrane receptor">transmembrane receptor</a> and member of the CSF1/<a href="/wiki/PDGF_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="PDGF receptor">PDGF receptor</a> family of tyrosine-protein kinases. CSF1R has 972 amino acids, is predicted to have a <a href="/wiki/Molecular-weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular-weight">molecular weight</a> of 107.984 kilo<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">daltons</a>, and is composed of an extracellular and a cytoplasmic <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domain</a>. The extracellular domain has 3 N-terminal <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunoglobulin">immunoglobulin</a> (Ig) domains (D1-D3) which bind ligand, 2 Ig domains (D4-D5) which stabilize the ligand, a linker region, and a single-pass transmembrane helix. The cytoplasmic domain has a juxtamembrane domain and tyrosine kinase domain that is interrupted by a kinase insert domain. At rest, the juxtamembrane domain of CSF1R enters an autoinhibitory position to prevent signaling of the CSF1R cytosolic domain.<sup id="cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon binding of ligand to extracellular Ig domains, CSF1R <a href="/wiki/Dimer_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimer (chemistry)">dimerizes</a> noncovalently and <a href="/wiki/Autophosphorylation" title="Autophosphorylation">autophosphorylates</a> several tyrosine residues. This first wave of CSF1R tyrosine phosphorylation creates <a href="/wiki/Phosphotyrosine-binding_domain" title="Phosphotyrosine-binding domain">phosphotyrosine-binding domains</a> to which <a href="/wiki/Effector_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Effector protein">effector proteins</a> can bind and initiate various cellular responses. Many proteins become tyrosine phosphorylated in response to CSF1R signaling (<b>Table 1</b>) including <a href="/wiki/P85a" class="mw-redirect" title="P85a">p85</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBL_(gene)" title="CBL (gene)">Cbl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/GAB3" class="mw-redirect" title="GAB3">Gab3</a> which are important for survival, differentiation, <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxis" title="Chemotaxis">chemotaxis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Actin_cytoskeleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Actin cytoskeleton">actin cytoskeleton</a> of myeloid cells. The first wave of tyrosine phosphorylation also leads to the covalent dimerization of CSF1R via <a href="/wiki/Disulfide_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Disulfide bonds">disulfide bonds</a>. Covalent CSF1R dimerization is important for a series of modifications to CSF1R itself including a second wave of tyrosine phosphorylation, serine phosphorylation, <a href="/wiki/Ubiquitination" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubiquitination">ubiquitination</a>, and eventually <a href="/wiki/Endocytosis" title="Endocytosis">endocytosis</a> which terminates signaling by trafficking the ligand-CSF1R complex to the <a href="/wiki/Lysosome" title="Lysosome">lysosome</a> for degradation.<sup id="cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pixley_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" title="Macrophage colony-stimulating factor">Colony stimulating factor 1</a> (CSF-1) and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_34" title="Interleukin 34">interleukin-34</a> (IL-34) are both CSF1R <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a>. Both ligands regulate myeloid cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, but CSF-1 and IL-34 differ in their structure, distribution in the body, and the specific cellular <a href="/wiki/Signaling_cascade" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling cascade">signaling cascades</a> triggered upon binding to CSF1R.<sup id="cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 1. CSF-1R signaling proteins in myeloid cells<sup id="cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pixley_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Protein </th> <th>Full protein name; function </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Src_family_kinase" title="Src family kinase">SFK</a> </td> <td>Src family tyrosine kinases </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GRB2" title="GRB2">Grb2</a> </td> <td>Adaptor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GRAP2" title="GRAP2">Mona</a> </td> <td>Monocyte adaptor; adaptor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SOCS1" class="mw-redirect" title="SOCS1">Socs1</a> </td> <td>Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1; adaptor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PLC%CE%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="PLCγ">PLCγ</a> </td> <td>Phospholipase C-γ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PIK3R1" title="PIK3R1">p85</a> PI3K </td> <td>Regulatory subunit of <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase" title="Phosphoinositide 3-kinase">PI3K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CBL_(gene)" title="CBL (gene)">Cbl</a> </td> <td>Casitas B lineage; ubiquitin ligase, adaptor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FMIP" class="mw-redirect" title="FMIP">FMIP</a> </td> <td>FMS-interacting protein; function unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PP2A" class="mw-redirect" title="PP2A">PP2A</a> </td> <td>Protein phosphatase 2A; serine/threonine phosphatase </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PYK2" class="mw-redirect" title="PYK2">Pyk2</a> </td> <td>Proline-rich and Ca2C-activated tyrosine kinase </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paxillin" title="Paxillin">Paxilin</a> </td> <td>Focal complex adaptor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PTP%CF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="PTPφ">PTPφ</a> </td> <td>PTP for phosphopaxillin </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PSTPIP2" title="PSTPIP2">MAYP/PSTPIP2</a> </td> <td>Macrophage actin-associated and tyrosine-phosphorylated protein; actin bundling </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iba1" class="mw-redirect" title="Iba1">Iba1</a> </td> <td>Ionized Ca2C-binding adaptor protein 1; actin bundling </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GAB2" title="GAB2">Gab2</a> </td> <td>Grb2-associated binder-2; Adaptor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GAB3" class="mw-redirect" title="GAB3">Gab3</a> </td> <td>Grb2-associated binder-3; adaptor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SHIP1" class="mw-redirect" title="SHIP1">SHIP1</a> </td> <td>SH2-domain-containing polyinositol phosphatase-1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SHP1" class="mw-redirect" title="SHP1">SHP1</a> </td> <td>SH2-domain-containing phosphatase-1; PTP </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shp2" class="mw-redirect" title="Shp2">SHP2</a> </td> <td>SH2-domain-containing phosphatase-2; PTP </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PKC%CE%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="PKCδ">PKC-δ</a> </td> <td>Protein kinase C-d </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pkare" class="mw-redirect" title="Pkare">Pkare</a> </td> <td>PKA-related gene (Pkare); protein kinase </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MysPDZ" class="mw-redirect" title="MysPDZ">MysPDZ</a> </td> <td>110-kDa myosin XVIIIA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/STAT1" title="STAT1">STAT1</a>, <a href="/wiki/STAT3" title="STAT3">STAT3</a>, <a href="/wiki/STAT5" title="STAT5">STAT5</a> </td> <td>Signal transducers and activators of transcription-1, -2, -3; transcription factors </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DOK1" title="DOK1">Dok1</a>, <a href="/wiki/DOK2" title="DOK2">Dok2</a>, <a href="/wiki/DOK3" title="DOK3">Dok3</a> </td> <td>Downstream of kinase-1, -2, -3; adaptors </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vav_(protein)" title="Vav (protein)">Vav</a> </td> <td>Rho family guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blimp-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Blimp-1">BLIMP-1</a> </td> <td>B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1; transcriptional repressor </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osteoclasts">Osteoclasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Osteoclasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osteoclast1.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Osteoclast1.PNG/220px-Osteoclast1.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Osteoclast1.PNG/330px-Osteoclast1.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Osteoclast1.PNG/440px-Osteoclast1.PNG 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Illustrated cross-section of an activated osteoclast.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Osteoclast" title="Osteoclast">Osteoclast</a> are multi-nucleated cells that that absorb and remove bone which is critical for growth of new bones and maintenance of bone strength. Osteoclasts are critical for the <a href="/wiki/Bone_remodeling" title="Bone remodeling">bone remodeling cycle</a> which is achieved by the building of bone by <a href="/wiki/Osteoblast" title="Osteoblast">osteoblasts</a>, reabsorption by osteoclasts, and remodeling by osteoblasts.<sup id="cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El-Gamal_2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osteoclasts precursor cells and mature osteoclast require stimulation of CSF1R for survival. Blockage of CSF1R signaling prevents osteoclast precursor cells from proliferating, maturing, and fusing into multi-nucleated cells. Stimulation of CSF1R promotes osteoclastogenesis (differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts). CSF1R signaling in osteoclasts precursors promotes survival by upregulation of the <a href="/wiki/Bcl-xL" title="Bcl-xL">Bcl-X(L)</a> protein, an inhibitor of pro-apoptotic <a href="/wiki/Caspase-9" title="Caspase-9">caspase-9</a>. CSF1R signaling in mature osteoclasts promotes survival by stimulating <a href="/wiki/MTOR" title="MTOR">mTOR/S6</a> kinase and the Na/HCO3 co-transporter, NBCn1.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CSF1R signaling also directly regulates osteoclast function. Osteoclasts migrate along the bone surface, then adhere to the bone to degrade and reabsorb the bone matrix. CSF1R signaling positively regulates this behavior, increasing osteoclast <a href="/wiki/Chemotaxis" title="Chemotaxis">chemotaxis</a> and bone reabsorption.<sup id="cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El-Gamal_2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monocytes_and_macrophages">Monocytes and macrophages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monocytes and macrophages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fimmu-09-02948-g002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fimmu-09-02948-g002.jpg/220px-Fimmu-09-02948-g002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fimmu-09-02948-g002.jpg/330px-Fimmu-09-02948-g002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fimmu-09-02948-g002.jpg/440px-Fimmu-09-02948-g002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Illustrated schematic of monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and liver-resident Kupffer cells.</figcaption></figure> <p>Monocytes and macrophages are <a href="/wiki/Mononuclear_phagocyte_system" title="Mononuclear phagocyte system">mononuclear phagocytes</a>. Monocytes circulate in the blood and are capable of differentiating into macrophages or <a href="/wiki/Dendritic_cell" title="Dendritic cell">dendritic cells</a>, and macrophages are <a href="/wiki/Terminally_differentiated" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminally differentiated">terminally differentiated</a> tissue-resident cells. CSF1R signaling is <a href="/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency" title="Necessity and sufficiency">necessary</a> for differentiation of <a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">microglia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Langerhans_cell" title="Langerhans cell">Langerhans cells</a> which are derived from yolk sac progenitor cells with high expression of CSF1R.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley_2014_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CSF1R signaling is only partially required for other tissue macrophages, and it is not necessary for <a href="/wiki/Monocytopoiesis" title="Monocytopoiesis">monocytopoiesis</a> (production of monocytes and macrophages) from <a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">hematopoietic stem cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley_2014_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley_2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macrophages of <a href="/wiki/Thymus" title="Thymus">thymus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lymph_node" title="Lymph node">lymph nodes</a> are almost completely independent of CSF1R signaling. In macrophages whose survival is fully or partially dependent on CSF1R signaling, CSF1R promotes survival by activating <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase" title="Phosphoinositide 3-kinase">PI3K</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pixley_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CSF1R signaling also regulates macrophage function. One function of CSF1R signaling is to promote tissue protection and healing following damage. Damage to the kidney causes upregulation of CSF-1 and CSF1R in tubular epithelial cells. This promotes proliferation and survival of injured tubular epithelial cells and promotes anti-inflammatory phenotypes in resident macrophage to promote kidney healing.<sup id="cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El-Gamal_2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lastly, activation of CSF1R is a strong <a href="/wiki/Chemokinesis" title="Chemokinesis">chemokinetic</a> signal, inducing <a href="/wiki/Macrophage_polarization" title="Macrophage polarization">macrophage polarization</a> and chemotaxis towards the source of CSF1R ligand. This macrophage response requires rapid morphological changes which is achieved by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton via the <a href="/wiki/Src_family_kinase" title="Src family kinase">Src/</a> <a href="/wiki/PYK2" class="mw-redirect" title="PYK2">Pyk2</a> and <a href="/wiki/PI3K" class="mw-redirect" title="PI3K">PI3K</a> signaling pathways.<sup id="cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pixley_2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microglia">Microglia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Microglia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microglia_in_a_Healthy_Adult_Mouse_Retina_(40264110974).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Microglia_in_a_Healthy_Adult_Mouse_Retina_%2840264110974%29.jpg/150px-Microglia_in_a_Healthy_Adult_Mouse_Retina_%2840264110974%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Microglia_in_a_Healthy_Adult_Mouse_Retina_%2840264110974%29.jpg/225px-Microglia_in_a_Healthy_Adult_Mouse_Retina_%2840264110974%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Microglia_in_a_Healthy_Adult_Mouse_Retina_%2840264110974%29.jpg/300px-Microglia_in_a_Healthy_Adult_Mouse_Retina_%2840264110974%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Immunofluorescence staining of homeostatic microglia in a healthy adult mouse retina.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">Microglia</a> are the tissue-resident <a href="/wiki/Phagocyte" title="Phagocyte">phagocytes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>. CSF1R signaling promotes migration of primitive microglia precursor cells from the embryonic <a href="/wiki/Yolk_sac" title="Yolk sac">yolk sac</a> to the developing brain prior to formation of the <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood-brain-barrier</a>. In perinatal development, microglia are instrumental in <a href="/wiki/Synaptic_pruning" title="Synaptic pruning">synaptic pruning</a>, a process in which microglia <a href="/wiki/Phagocytosis" title="Phagocytosis">phagocytose</a> weak and inactive synapses via binding of microglial <a href="/wiki/Complement_Receptor_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement Receptor 3">complement receptor 3</a> (CR3) (complex of <a href="/wiki/CD11b" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11b">CD11b</a> and <a href="/wiki/Integrin_beta_2" title="Integrin beta 2">CD18</a>) to synapse-bound iC3b. <i>Csf1r</i> <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">loss-of-function</a> inhibits synaptic pruning and leads to excessive non-functional synapses in the brain. In adulthood, CSF1R is required for the proliferation and survival of microglia.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inhibition of CSF1R signaling in adulthood causes near-complete (>99%) depletion (death) of brain microglia, however reversal of CSF1R inhibition stimulates remaining microglia to proliferate and repopulate microglia-free niches in the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_2020_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green_2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of CSF1R ligands CSF-1 and IL-34 is increased in the brain following injury or viral infection, which directs microglia to proliferate and execute immune responses.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neural_progenitor_cells">Neural progenitor cells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Neural progenitor cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neural_progenitors_in_olfactory_bulb.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Neural_progenitors_in_olfactory_bulb.tif/lossy-page1-165px-Neural_progenitors_in_olfactory_bulb.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Neural_progenitors_in_olfactory_bulb.tif/lossy-page1-248px-Neural_progenitors_in_olfactory_bulb.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Neural_progenitors_in_olfactory_bulb.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Neural_progenitors_in_olfactory_bulb.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>Immunofluorescence staining of neural progenitor cells (green), vasculature (red), and astrocytes (blue).</figcaption></figure> <p>CSF1R signaling has been found to play important roles in non-myeloid cells such as neural progenitor cells, <a href="/wiki/Multipotent" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipotent">multipotent</a> cells that are able to self-renew or terminally differentiate into <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrocyte" title="Astrocyte">astrocytes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oligodendrocyte" title="Oligodendrocyte">oligodendrocytes</a>. Mice with <i>Csf1r</i> loss-of-function have a significantly more neural progenitor cells in <a href="/wiki/Neurogenesis" title="Neurogenesis">generative zones</a> and fewer matured neurons in forebrain <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">laminae</a> due to failure of progenitor cell maturation and radial migration. These phenotypes were also seen in animals with <i>Csf1r</i> <a href="/wiki/Conditional_gene_knockout" title="Conditional gene knockout">conditional knock-out</a> specifically in neural progenitor cells, suggesting that CSF1R signaling by neural progenitor cells is important for maturation of certain neurons.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2017_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies using <a href="/wiki/Cell_culture" title="Cell culture">cultured</a> neural progenitor cells also show that CSF1R signaling stimulates neural progenitor cells maturation.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germline_cells">Germline cells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Germline cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CSF1R is expressed in <a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">oocytes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trophoblast" title="Trophoblast">trophoblast</a>, and fertilized embryos prior to <a href="/wiki/Implantation_(embryology)" title="Implantation (embryology)">implantation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies using early mouse embryos <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i> have shown that activation of CSF1R stimulates formation of the <a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" title="Blastocyst">blastocyst cavity</a> and enhances the number of trophoblast cells. <i>Csf1r</i> loss-of-function mice exhibit several reproductive system abnormalities in the <a href="/wiki/Estrous_cycle" title="Estrous cycle">estrous cycle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">ovulation</a> rates as well as reduced <a href="/wiki/Antral_follicle" title="Antral follicle">antral follicles</a> and ovarian macrophages. It is not clear whether ovulation dysfunction in <i>Csf1r</i> loss-of-function mice is due to loss of the protective effects of ovarian macrophages or loss of CSF1R signaling in oocytes themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2017_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bone_disease">Bone disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bone disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorham%27s_disease.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gorham%27s_disease.jpg/229px-Gorham%27s_disease.jpg" decoding="async" width="229" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gorham%27s_disease.jpg/344px-Gorham%27s_disease.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gorham%27s_disease.jpg/458px-Gorham%27s_disease.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>X-ray (A), CT scan (B) and MRI (C, D) show osteolysis of bone in the skull of an individual with Gorham-Stout disease.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bone_remodeling" title="Bone remodeling">Bone remodeling</a> is regulated by mutual cross-regulation between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. As a result, the dysfunction of CSF1R signaling directly affects the reabsorption (osteoclasts) and indirectly affects bone deposition (osteoblasts). In inflammatory arthritis conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis" title="Psoriatic arthritis">psoriatic arthritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_cytokine" title="Inflammatory cytokine">proinflammatory cytokine</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor" title="Tumor necrosis factor">TNF-α</a> is secreted by synovial macrophages which stimulates <a href="/wiki/Stromal_cell" title="Stromal cell">stromal cells</a> and osteoblasts to produce CSF-1. Increased CSF-1 promotes proliferation of osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors and increases osteoclast bone reabsorption. This pathogenic increase in osteoclast activity causes abnormal bone loss or <a href="/wiki/Osteolysis" title="Osteolysis">osteolysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In animal models of rheumatoid arthritis, administration of CSF-1 increases the severity of disease whereas <i>Csf1r</i> loss-of-function reduces inflammation and joint erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-El-Gamal_2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a rare bone disease called <a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_disease" title="Gorham's disease">Gorham‐Stout disease</a>, elevated production of CSF-1 by lymphatic <a href="/wiki/Endothelial_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Endothelial cells">endothelial cells</a> similarly produces excessive osteoclastogenesis and <a href="/wiki/Osteolysis" title="Osteolysis">osteolysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">postmenopausal</a> loss of <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a> has also been found to impact CSF1R signaling and cause <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogen</a> deficiency causes osteoporosis by upregulating production of <a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor" title="Tumor necrosis factor">TNF-α</a> by activated <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a>. As in inflammatory arthritis, TNF-α stimulates stromal cells to produce CSF-1 which increases CSF1R signaling in osteoclasts.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumor-associated_immune_cells_in_the_tumor_microenvironment_(TME)_of_breast_cancer_models.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tumor-associated_immune_cells_in_the_tumor_microenvironment_%28TME%29_of_breast_cancer_models.svg/294px-Tumor-associated_immune_cells_in_the_tumor_microenvironment_%28TME%29_of_breast_cancer_models.svg.png" decoding="async" width="294" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tumor-associated_immune_cells_in_the_tumor_microenvironment_%28TME%29_of_breast_cancer_models.svg/441px-Tumor-associated_immune_cells_in_the_tumor_microenvironment_%28TME%29_of_breast_cancer_models.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tumor-associated_immune_cells_in_the_tumor_microenvironment_%28TME%29_of_breast_cancer_models.svg/588px-Tumor-associated_immune_cells_in_the_tumor_microenvironment_%28TME%29_of_breast_cancer_models.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Schematic of tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. Cancers secrete many signals including colony stimulating factor which activates TAM CSF1R and promotes tumor growth and survival.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tumor-associated_macrophage" title="Tumor-associated macrophage">Tumor-associated macrophages</a> (TAMs) react to early stage cancers with anti-inflammatory immune responses that support tumor survival at the expense of healthy tissue. <a href="/wiki/Tumor-infiltrating_lymphocytes" title="Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes">Tumor infiltration</a> by CSF1R-expressing TAMs yields a negative <a href="/wiki/Prognosis" title="Prognosis">prognosis</a> and is correlated with poor survival rates for individuals with <a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphoma</a> and solid tumors. The <a href="/wiki/Tumor_microenvironment" title="Tumor microenvironment">tumor microenvironment</a> often produces high levels of CSF-1, creating a <a href="/wiki/Positive_feedback" title="Positive feedback">positive feedback loop</a> in which the tumor stimulates survival of TAMs and TAMs promote tumor survival and growth. Thus, CSF1R signaling in TAMs is associated tumor survival, <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resistant_cancer" title="Resistant cancer">therapy resistance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metastasis" title="Metastasis">metastasis</a>. Production of CSF-1 by brain tumors called <a href="/wiki/Glioblastoma" title="Glioblastoma">glioblastomas</a> causes microglia (brain-resident macrophages) to exhibit immunosuppressive, tumor-permissive phenotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannarile_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CSF1R inhibition in mouse glioblastoma models is beneficial and improves survival by inhibiting tumor-promoting functions of microglia. <a href="/wiki/MMTV-PyMT" class="mw-redirect" title="MMTV-PyMT">Mouse models of breast cancer</a> also show that <i>Csf1r</i> loss-of-function delays TAM infiltration and metastasis. Because <a href="/wiki/Tumoricidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumoricidal">anti-cancer</a> macrophages and microglia rely on <a href="/wiki/GM-CSF" class="mw-redirect" title="GM-CSF">GM-CSF</a> and <a href="/wiki/IFN-%CE%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="IFN-γ">IFN-γ</a> signaling instead CSF-1, inhibition of CSF1R signaling has been posited as a therapeutic target in cancer to preferentially deplete tumor-permissive TAMs.<sup id="cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, mutations in <i>CSF1R</i> gene itself are associated with certain cancers such as <a href="/wiki/Chronic_myelomonocytic_leukemia" title="Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia">chronic myelomonocytic leukemia</a> and type M4 <a href="/wiki/Acute_myeloblastic_leukemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute myeloblastic leukemia">acute myeloblastic leukemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2406720_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2406720-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neurological_disorders">Neurological disorders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neurological disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adult-onset_leukoencephalopathy">Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the importance of the <i>CSF1R</i> gene in myeloid cell survival, maturation, and function, loss-of-function in both inherited copies of the <i>CSF1R</i> gene causes postnatal mortality. <a href="/wiki/Heterozygous" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterozygous">Heterozygous</a> mutations in the <i>CSF1R</i> gene prevent downstream CSF1R signaling and cause an <a href="/wiki/Autosomal_dominant" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal dominant">autosomal dominant</a> neurodegenerative disease called <a href="/wiki/Leukoencephalopathy_with_neuroaxonal_spheroids" title="Leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids">adult-onset leukoencephalopathy</a>, which is characterized by <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_dysfunction" title="Executive dysfunction">executive dysfunction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a>. Partial loss of <i>CSF1R</i> in adult-onset leukoencephalopathy causes microglia to exhibit morphological and functional deficits (impaired cytokine production and <a href="/wiki/Phagocytosis" title="Phagocytosis">phagocytosis</a>) which is associated with <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axonal</a> damage, <a href="/wiki/Demyelinating_disease" title="Demyelinating disease">demyelination</a>, and neuronal loss. Signaling by a <a href="/wiki/DAP12" class="mw-redirect" title="DAP12">DAP12</a>-<a href="/wiki/TREM2" title="TREM2">TREM2</a> complex in microglia is downstream of CSF1R signaling and is needed for microglia phagocytosis of cellular debris and maintenance of brain homeostasis.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>TREM2</i> deficiency in cultured myeloid cells prevents stimulation of proliferation by treatment with CSF-1. Similarities between <a href="/wiki/Nasu-Hakola_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasu-Hakola disease">Nasu-Hakola disease</a> (caused by mutations in either <i>DAP12</i> or <i>TREM2</i>) and adult-onset leukoencephalopathy suggest partial loss of microglia CSF1R signaling promotes neurodegeneration. Defects in neurogenesis and neuronal survival are also seen in adult-onset leukoencephalopathy due to impaired CSF1R signaling in neural progenitor cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_brain_diseases_and_disorders">Other brain diseases and disorders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other brain diseases and disorders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mononuclear_phagocytes_in_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mononuclear_phagocytes_in_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.jpg/220px-Mononuclear_phagocytes_in_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mononuclear_phagocytes_in_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.jpg/330px-Mononuclear_phagocytes_in_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mononuclear_phagocytes_in_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.jpg/440px-Mononuclear_phagocytes_in_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Schematic of brain microglia and infiltrating peripheral macrophages mounting immune responses against β-amyloid plaque.</figcaption></figure> <p>CSF1R signaling is involved in several diseases and disorders of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>. Research using animal models of <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kainic_acid" title="Kainic acid">kainic acid</a>-induced seizures) suggests that CSF1 signaling during <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a> protects neurons by activating neuronal <a href="/wiki/CREB" title="CREB">CREB</a> signaling. CSF1R <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonism</a> during seizures increases neuronal survival whereas neuron-specific <i>Csf1r</i> loss-of-function worsens kainic acid <a href="/wiki/Excitotoxicity" title="Excitotoxicity">excitotoxicity</a>, suggesting CSF1R signaling in neurons directly protects against seizure-related neuronal damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although CSF1R signaling is beneficial in certain contexts, it is detrimental in diseases where microglia drive tissue damage. In <a href="/wiki/Charcot-Marie-Tooth_disease_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1</a>, CSF-1 secretion from <a href="/wiki/Endoneurium" title="Endoneurium">endoneurial</a> cells stimulates proliferation and activation of macrophages and microglia that cause demyelination. Likewise in <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, CSF1R signaling supports the survival of inflammatory microglia which promote demyelination. CSF1R inhibition <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">prophylactically</a> reduces demyelination in the <a href="/wiki/Experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis" title="Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis">experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis</a> animal model. The role of CSF1R signaling in <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a> is more complicated because microglia both protect and damage the brain in response to Alzheimer's disease pathology. CSF-1 stimulates <a href="/wiki/Primary_cell_culture" title="Primary cell culture">primary cultured</a> human microglia to phagocytose toxic <a href="/wiki/Amyloid_beta" title="Amyloid beta">Aβ<sub>1–42</sub> peptides</a>. Microglia also initiate TREM2-dependent immune responses to <a href="/wiki/Amyloid_plaques" title="Amyloid plaques">amyloid plaques</a> which protects neurons.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Alzheimer's disease microglia also excessively secrete inflammatory cytokines and prune synapses promoting synapse loss, neuronal death, and <a href="/wiki/Mild_cognitive_impairment" title="Mild cognitive impairment">cognitive impairment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both CSF1R stimulation and inhibition improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, microglia seem to have both protective and neurotoxic functions during Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar findings have been reported in <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesion</a> studies of the mouse brain, which showed that inhibition of CSF1R after lesioning improves recovery but inhibition during lesioning worsens recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CSF1R-targeting therapies for neurological disorders may impact both detrimental and beneficial microglia functions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Therapeutics">Therapeutics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Therapeutics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pexidartinib.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pexidartinib.svg/260px-Pexidartinib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pexidartinib.svg/390px-Pexidartinib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pexidartinib.svg/520px-Pexidartinib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Chemical structure of <a href="/wiki/Pexidartinib" title="Pexidartinib">Pexidartinib</a> (PLX3397), an FDA-approved small molecule inhibitor of CSF1R.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emactuzumab.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emactuzumab.png/259px-Emactuzumab.png" decoding="async" width="259" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emactuzumab.png/389px-Emactuzumab.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emactuzumab.png/518px-Emactuzumab.png 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="4305" /></a><figcaption>Structure of monoclonal antibody Emactuzumab light and heavy chain complexed with CSF1R.</figcaption></figure> <p>Because <a href="/wiki/Tumor-associated_macrophage" title="Tumor-associated macrophage">TAM</a> CSF1R signaling is tumor-permissive and can cause tumor treatment-resistance, CSF1R signaling is a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer. Several studies have investigated the efficacy of CSF1R inhibitor as a <a href="/wiki/Monotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotherapy">monotherapy</a> and as a combination therapy in <a href="/wiki/Refractory_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Refractory cancer">refractory</a> and metastatic cancers. Several small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting CSF1R are in clinical development for cancer therapy (<b>Table 2</b>). <a href="/wiki/Pexidartinib" title="Pexidartinib">Pexidartinib (PLX3397)</a> is a small molecule inhibitor tyrosine of CSFR (as well as <a href="/wiki/CKIT" class="mw-redirect" title="CKIT">cKIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/FLT3" class="mw-redirect" title="FLT3">FLT3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/VEGF_receptor" title="VEGF receptor">VEGFR</a>) with the most clinical development so far. Several completed and concurrent clinical trials have tested the efficacy and safety of Pexidartinib as a monotherapy for c-kit-mutated <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glioblastoma" title="Glioblastoma">glioblastoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin_lymphoma" title="Hodgkin lymphoma">classical Hodgkin lymphoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurofibroma" title="Neurofibroma">neurofibroma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarcoma" title="Sarcoma">sarcoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannarile_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Pexidartinib was <a href="/wiki/FDA_approval" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA approval">FDA-approved</a> for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Tenosynovial_giant_cell_tumor" title="Tenosynovial giant cell tumor">diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumors</a>, a non-malignant tumor that develops from <a href="/wiki/Synovial_membrane" title="Synovial membrane">synovial tissue</a> lining the joints.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Table 2. CSF1R-targeted therapies in clinical development<sup id="cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannarile_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Drug name </th> <td><b>Form</b> </td> <td><b>Targets</b> </td> <td><b>Clinical trial diseases</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pexidartinib" title="Pexidartinib">Pexidartinib</a> (PLX3397) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Small_molecule" title="Small molecule">Small molecule</a> </td> <td>CSF1R, <a href="/wiki/KIT_(gene)" title="KIT (gene)">c-KIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/VEGF_receptor" title="VEGF receptor">VEGFR</a>, and <a href="/wiki/FLT3" class="mw-redirect" title="FLT3">Flt3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">Autoimmune diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">Leukemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acral_melanoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Acral melanoma">acral melanoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mucosal_melanoma" title="Mucosal melanoma">mucosal melanoma</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Imatinib" title="Imatinib">Imatinib</a> </td> <td>Small molecule </td> <td>CSF1R, <a href="/wiki/ABL_(gene)" title="ABL (gene)">ABL</a>, c-KIT, and <a href="/wiki/PDGFR-%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="PDGFR-β">PDGFR-β</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osteolysis" title="Osteolysis">osteolysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chronic_Myeloid_Leukemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic Myeloid Leukemia">chronic myeloid leukemia</a> (CML), <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PLX5622 </td> <td>Small molecule </td> <td>CSF1R </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">Rheumatoid arthritis</a>, cancer, <a href="/wiki/Neuropathic_pain" title="Neuropathic pain">neuropathic pain</a>, Alzheimer's disease </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sotuletinib (BLZ945) </td> <td>Small molecule </td> <td>CSF1R, c-KIT, PDGFRβ, and Flt3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solid_tumors" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid tumors">Solid tumors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GW2580 </td> <td>Small molecule </td> <td>CSF1R </td> <td>Arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ki20227 </td> <td>Small molecule </td> <td>CSF1R, VEGFR2, c-KIT, and PDGFRβ </td> <td>Osteolysis, breast cancer </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edicotinib <p>(JNJ-40346527) </p> </td> <td>Small molecule </td> <td>CSF1R, c-KIT, and Flt3 </td> <td>Alzheimer's disease, <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin_lymphoma" title="Hodgkin lymphoma">cHL</a>, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emactuzumab" title="Emactuzumab">Emactuzumab</a> (RG7155) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody_therapy" title="Monoclonal antibody therapy">Monoclonal antibody</a> </td> <td>CSF1R </td> <td>Solid tumors </td></tr> <tr> <td>IMC-CS4 (LY3022855) </td> <td>Monoclonal antibody </td> <td>CSF1R </td> <td>Solid tumors, breast cancer, <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>AMG820 </td> <td>Monoclonal antibody </td> <td>CSF1R </td> <td>Solid tumors </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety_of_CSF1R_inhibition">Safety of CSF1R inhibition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Safety of CSF1R inhibition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The safety of CSF1R inhibitors has been extensively characterized in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> for the different small molecules and monoclonal antibodies in Table 2. In some studies, CSF1R inhibitors were not found to have <a href="/wiki/Dose%E2%80%93response_relationship" title="Dose–response relationship">dose-limiting toxicity</a> while other studies did observe toxicity at high doses and have defined a <a href="/wiki/Maximum_tolerated_dose" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum tolerated dose">maximum tolerated dose</a>. Across multiple studies, the most frequent <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a> included <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a>, elevated <a href="/wiki/Liver_function_tests" title="Liver function tests">liver enzymes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creatine_kinase" title="Creatine kinase">creatine kinase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase" title="Lactate dehydrogenase">lactate dehydrogenase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspartate_transaminase" title="Aspartate transaminase">aspartate aminotransferase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elevated_transaminases" title="Elevated transaminases">alanine transaminase</a>), <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">edema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacrimation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacrimation">lacrimation</a>, and reduced appetite, but no signs of <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxicity" title="Hepatotoxicity">liver toxicity</a> were found. There are some differences in the side effects of monoclonal antibody compared to small molecule CSF1R inhibitors. Edema was more common with monoclonal antibody treatment compared to small molecules, suggesting that <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody_therapy" title="Monoclonal antibody therapy">immune response</a> to monoclonal antibodies may drive some side effects. Additionally, some small molecule inhibitors are not specific for CSF1R, and off-target effects could explain observed side effects. For example, Pexidartinib treatment was found to change hair color, presumably by its impact on <a href="/wiki/KIT_(gene)" title="KIT (gene)">KIT kinase</a>. Overall, CSF1R inhibitors have favorable safety profiles with limited toxicity.<sup id="cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannarile_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CSF1R inhibitors such as PLX5622 are widely used to study the role of microglia in mouse <a href="/wiki/Animal_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal models">preclinical models</a> of Alzheimer's disease, <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury" title="Traumatic brain injury">traumatic brain injury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aging_brain" title="Aging brain">aging</a>. PLX5622 is typically used for microglia research because PLX5622 has higher brain <a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">bioavailability</a> and CSF1R-specificity compared to other CSF1R inhibitors such as <a href="/wiki/Pexidartinib" title="Pexidartinib">PLX3397</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_2020_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green_2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, researchers David Hume (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a>) and Kim Green (<a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">UCI</a>) published a letter in the academic journal <a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">PNAS</a> defending the use small molecule CSF1R inhibitors to study microglia in brain disease.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This letter was in response to a <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">primary research paper</a> published in PNAS by lead correspondent Eleftherios Paschalis (<a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">HMS</a>) and others which provided evidence that microglia research using PLX5622 is <a href="/wiki/Confounding" title="Confounding">confounded</a> by CSF1R inhibition in peripheral macrophages. Paschalis and colleagues published a subsequent letter in PNAS defending the findings of their published research.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor has been shown to <a href="/wiki/Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cbl_gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Cbl gene">Cbl gene</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11847211_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11847211-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FYN" title="FYN">FYN</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7681396_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7681396-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grb2" class="mw-redirect" title="Grb2">Grb2</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9380408_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9380408-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressor_of_cytokine_signaling_1" title="Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1">Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11297560_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11297560-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This receptor is also linked with the cells of MPS.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">Cluster of differentiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse_models_of_breast_cancer_metastasis" title="Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis">Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimicotinib" title="Pimicotinib">Pimicotinib</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000182578">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182578</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000024621">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024621</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=1436">"Human PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Human+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D1436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=12978">"Mouse PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information%2C+U.S.+National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mouse+PubMed+Reference%3A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fentrez%3Fdb%3Dgene%26cmd%3DLink%26LinkName%3Dgene_pubmed%26from_uid%3D12978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">EntrezGene</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=1436">1436</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid1611909-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid1611909_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallandStefanovaLafageBirnbaum1992" class="citation journal cs1">Galland F, Stefanova M, Lafage M, Birnbaum D (1992). "Localization of the 5' end of the MCF2 oncogene to human chromosome 15q15----q23". <i>Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics</i>. <b>60</b> (2): 114–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000133316">10.1159/000133316</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1611909">1611909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytogenetics+and+Cell+Genetics&rft.atitle=Localization+of+the+5%27+end+of+the+MCF2+oncogene+to+human+chromosome+15q15----q23&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=114-116&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000133316&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1611909&rft.aulast=Galland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Stefanova%2C+M&rft.au=Lafage%2C+M&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanley_2014-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_2014_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_2014_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_2014_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanleyChitu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Stanley ER, Chitu V (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031967">"CSF-1 receptor signaling in myeloid cells"</a>. <i>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology</i>. <b>6</b> (6): a021857. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fcshperspect.a021857">10.1101/cshperspect.a021857</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031967">4031967</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24890514">24890514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+Spring+Harbor+Perspectives+in+Biology&rft.atitle=CSF-1+receptor+signaling+in+myeloid+cells&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=a021857&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4031967%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24890514&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fcshperspect.a021857&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=ER&rft.au=Chitu%2C+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4031967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mun_2020-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mun_2020_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunParkPark-Min2020" class="citation journal cs1">Mun SH, Park PS, Park-Min KH (August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8080670">"The M-CSF receptor in osteoclasts and beyond"</a>. <i>Experimental & Molecular Medicine</i>. <b>52</b> (8): 1239–1254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs12276-020-0484-z">10.1038/s12276-020-0484-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8080670">8080670</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32801364">32801364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+%26+Molecular+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+M-CSF+receptor+in+osteoclasts+and+beyond&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1239-1254&rft.date=2020-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8080670%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32801364&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs12276-020-0484-z&rft.aulast=Mun&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.au=Park%2C+PS&rft.au=Park-Min%2C+KH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8080670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pixley_2004-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pixley_2004_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPixleyStanley2004" class="citation journal cs1">Pixley FJ, Stanley ER (November 2004). "CSF-1 regulation of the wandering macrophage: complexity in action". <i>Trends in Cell Biology</i>. <b>14</b> (11): 628–638. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tcb.2004.09.016">10.1016/j.tcb.2004.09.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15519852">15519852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=CSF-1+regulation+of+the+wandering+macrophage%3A+complexity+in+action&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=628-638&rft.date=2004-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tcb.2004.09.016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15519852&rft.aulast=Pixley&rft.aufirst=FJ&rft.au=Stanley%2C+ER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-El-Gamal_2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-El-Gamal_2018_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-GamalAl-AmeenAl-KoumiHamad2018" class="citation journal cs1">El-Gamal MI, Al-Ameen SK, Al-Koumi DM, Hamad MG, Jalal NA, Oh CH (July 2018). "Recent Advances of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) Kinase and Its Inhibitors". <i>Journal of Medicinal Chemistry</i>. <b>61</b> (13): 5450–5466. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.7b00873">10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00873</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29293000">29293000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Recent+Advances+of+Colony-Stimulating+Factor-1+Receptor+%28CSF-1R%29+Kinase+and+Its+Inhibitors&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=5450-5466&rft.date=2018-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.7b00873&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29293000&rft.aulast=El-Gamal&rft.aufirst=MI&rft.au=Al-Ameen%2C+SK&rft.au=Al-Koumi%2C+DM&rft.au=Hamad%2C+MG&rft.au=Jalal%2C+NA&rft.au=Oh%2C+CH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chitu_2017-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2017_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2017_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2017_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChituStanley2017" class="citation journal cs1">Chitu V, Stanley ER (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479137">"Regulation of Embryonic and Postnatal Development by the CSF-1 Receptor"</a>. <i>Current Topics in Developmental Biology</i>. <b>123</b>. Elsevier: 229–275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fbs.ctdb.2016.10.004">10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.10.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-801513-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-801513-1"><bdi>978-0-12-801513-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479137">5479137</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28236968">28236968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Topics+in+Developmental+Biology&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+Embryonic+and+Postnatal+Development+by+the+CSF-1+Receptor&rft.volume=123&rft.pages=229-275&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5479137%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28236968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fbs.ctdb.2016.10.004&rft.isbn=978-0-12-801513-1&rft.aulast=Chitu&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Stanley%2C+ER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5479137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chitu_2016-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chitu_2016_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChituGokhanNandiMehler2016" class="citation journal cs1">Chitu V, Gokhan Ş, Nandi S, Mehler MF, Stanley ER (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884457">"Emerging Roles for CSF-1 Receptor and its Ligands in the Nervous System"</a>. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. <b>39</b> (6): 378–393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tins.2016.03.005">10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884457">4884457</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27083478">27083478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Neurosciences&rft.atitle=Emerging+Roles+for+CSF-1+Receptor+and+its+Ligands+in+the+Nervous+System&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=378-393&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4884457%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27083478&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tins.2016.03.005&rft.aulast=Chitu&rft.aufirst=V&rft.au=Gokhan%2C+%C5%9E&rft.au=Nandi%2C+S&rft.au=Mehler%2C+MF&rft.au=Stanley%2C+ER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4884457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green_2020-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Green_2020_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Green_2020_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenCrapserHohsfield2020" class="citation journal cs1">Green KN, Crapser JD, Hohsfield LA (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7484341">"To Kill a Microglia: A Case for CSF1R Inhibitors"</a>. <i>Trends in Immunology</i>. <b>41</b> (9): 771–784. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.it.2020.07.001">10.1016/j.it.2020.07.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7484341">7484341</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32792173">32792173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Immunology&rft.atitle=To+Kill+a+Microglia%3A+A+Case+for+CSF1R+Inhibitors&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=771-784&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7484341%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32792173&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.it.2020.07.001&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=KN&rft.au=Crapser%2C+JD&rft.au=Hohsfield%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7484341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMbalavieleNovackSchettTeitelbaum2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mbalaviele G, Novack DV, Schett G, Teitelbaum SL (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451216">"Inflammatory osteolysis: a conspiracy against bone"</a>. <i>The Journal of Clinical Investigation</i>. <b>127</b> (6): 2030–2039. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI93356">10.1172/JCI93356</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451216">5451216</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28569732">28569732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Clinical+Investigation&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+osteolysis%3A+a+conspiracy+against+bone&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2030-2039&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451216%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28569732&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1172%2FJCI93356&rft.aulast=Mbalaviele&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Novack%2C+DV&rft.au=Schett%2C+G&rft.au=Teitelbaum%2C+SL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhao2012" class="citation journal cs1">Zhao R (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491443">"Immune regulation of osteoclast function in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a critical interdisciplinary perspective"</a>. <i>International Journal of Medical Sciences</i>. <b>9</b> (9): 825–832. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7150%2Fijms.5180">10.7150/ijms.5180</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491443">3491443</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23136547">23136547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Medical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Immune+regulation+of+osteoclast+function+in+postmenopausal+osteoporosis%3A+a+critical+interdisciplinary+perspective&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=825-832&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3491443%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23136547&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7150%2Fijms.5180&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3491443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cannarile_2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cannarile_2017_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannarileWeisserJacobJegg2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cannarile MA, Weisser M, Jacob W, Jegg AM, Ries CH, Rüttinger D (July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514481">"Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors in cancer therapy"</a>. <i>Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40425-017-0257-y">10.1186/s40425-017-0257-y</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514481">5514481</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28716061">28716061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+Immunotherapy+of+Cancer&rft.atitle=Colony-stimulating+factor+1+receptor+%28CSF1R%29+inhibitors+in+cancer+therapy&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53&rft.date=2017-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5514481%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28716061&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40425-017-0257-y&rft.aulast=Cannarile&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Weisser%2C+M&rft.au=Jacob%2C+W&rft.au=Jegg%2C+AM&rft.au=Ries%2C+CH&rft.au=R%C3%BCttinger%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5514481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid2406720-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid2406720_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidgeWorwoodOscierJacobs1990" class="citation journal cs1">Ridge SA, Worwood M, Oscier D, Jacobs A, Padua RA (February 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC53478">"FMS mutations in myelodysplastic, leukemic, and normal subjects"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>87</b> (4): 1377–1380. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PNAS...87.1377R">1990PNAS...87.1377R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.87.4.1377">10.1073/pnas.87.4.1377</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2353838">2353838</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC53478">53478</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2406720">2406720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=FMS+mutations+in+myelodysplastic%2C+leukemic%2C+and+normal+subjects&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1377-1380&rft.date=1990-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC53478%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2353838%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990PNAS...87.1377R&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2406720&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.87.4.1377&rft.aulast=Ridge&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Worwood%2C+M&rft.au=Oscier%2C+D&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+A&rft.au=Padua%2C+RA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC53478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayvon_SauckenLandreth2017" class="citation journal cs1">Jay TR, von Saucken VE, Landreth GE (August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541421">"TREM2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases"</a>. <i>Molecular Neurodegeneration</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13024-017-0197-5">10.1186/s13024-017-0197-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541421">5541421</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28768545">28768545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Neurodegeneration&rft.atitle=TREM2+in+Neurodegenerative+Diseases&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56&rft.date=2017-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5541421%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28768545&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13024-017-0197-5&rft.aulast=Jay&rft.aufirst=TR&rft.au=von+Saucken%2C+VE&rft.au=Landreth%2C+GE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5541421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrichUllandColonnaHoltzman2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ulrich JD, Ulland TK, Colonna M, Holtzman DM (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2017.02.042">"Elucidating the Role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's Disease"</a>. <i>Neuron</i>. <b>94</b> (2): 237–248. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2017.02.042">10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.042</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28426958">28426958</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4943986">4943986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuron&rft.atitle=Elucidating+the+Role+of+TREM2+in+Alzheimer%27s+Disease&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-248&rft.date=2017-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4943986%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28426958&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2017.02.042&rft.aulast=Ulrich&rft.aufirst=JD&rft.au=Ulland%2C+TK&rft.au=Colonna%2C+M&rft.au=Holtzman%2C+DM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.neuron.2017.02.042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_StrooperKarran2016" class="citation journal cs1">De Strooper B, Karran E (February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2015.12.056">"The Cellular Phase of Alzheimer's Disease"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>164</b> (4): 603–615. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2015.12.056">10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.056</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26871627">26871627</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14832382">14832382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+Cellular+Phase+of+Alzheimer%27s+Disease&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=603-615&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A14832382%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26871627&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2015.12.056&rft.aulast=De+Strooper&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Karran%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2015.12.056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSongColonna2018" class="citation journal cs1">Song WM, Colonna M (October 2018). "The identity and function of microglia in neurodegeneration". <i>Nature Immunology</i>. <b>19</b> (10): 1048–1058. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41590-018-0212-1">10.1038/s41590-018-0212-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30250185">30250185</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52822422">52822422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+identity+and+function+of+microglia+in+neurodegeneration&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1048-1058&rft.date=2018-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52822422%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30250185&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41590-018-0212-1&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.au=Colonna%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodleśny-DrabiniokMarcoraGoate2020" class="citation journal cs1">Podleśny-Drabiniok A, Marcora E, Goate AM (December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9080913">"Microglial Phagocytosis: A Disease-Associated Process Emerging from Alzheimer's Disease Genetics"</a>. <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. <b>43</b> (12): 965–979. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tins.2020.10.002">10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9080913">9080913</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33127097">33127097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Neurosciences&rft.atitle=Microglial+Phagocytosis%3A+A+Disease-Associated+Process+Emerging+from+Alzheimer%27s+Disease+Genetics&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=965-979&rft.date=2020-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9080913%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33127097&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tins.2020.10.002&rft.aulast=Podle%C5%9Bny-Drabiniok&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Marcora%2C+E&rft.au=Goate%2C+AM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9080913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSierksmaEscott-PriceDe_Strooper2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sierksma A, Escott-Price V, De Strooper B (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/662194">"Translating genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease into mechanistic insight and drug targets"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>370</b> (6512): 61–66. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Sci...370...61S">2020Sci...370...61S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.abb8575">10.1126/science.abb8575</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33004512">33004512</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222080969">222080969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Translating+genetic+risk+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+into+mechanistic+insight+and+drug+targets&rft.volume=370&rft.issue=6512&rft.pages=61-66&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.abb8575&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A222080969%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33004512&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020Sci...370...61S&rft.aulast=Sierksma&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Escott-Price%2C+V&rft.au=De+Strooper%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flirias.kuleuven.be%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F662194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter_for_Drug_Evaluation_and_Research2019" class="citation journal cs1">Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2019-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-pexidartinib-tenosynovial-giant-cell-tumor">"FDA approves pexidartinib for tenosynovial giant cell tumor"</a>. <i>FDA</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=FDA+approves+pexidartinib+for+tenosynovial+giant+cell+tumor&rft.date=2019-12-20&rft.au=Center+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fdrugs%2Fresources-information-approved-drugs%2Ffda-approves-pexidartinib-tenosynovial-giant-cell-tumor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenHume2021" class="citation journal cs1">Green KN, Hume DA (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7848745">"On the utility of CSF1R inhibitors"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>118</b> (4): e2019695118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PNAS..11819695G">2021PNAS..11819695G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2019695118">10.1073/pnas.2019695118</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7848745">7848745</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33446486">33446486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=On+the+utility+of+CSF1R+inhibitors&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e2019695118&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7848745%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33446486&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.2019695118&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PNAS..11819695G&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=KN&rft.au=Hume%2C+DA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7848745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeiCuiZhouChodosh2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lei F, Cui N, Zhou C, Chodosh J, Vavvas DG, Paschalis EI (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7848750">"Reply to Green and Hume: Nonmicroglia peripheral immune effects of short-term CSF1R inhibition with PLX5622"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>118</b> (4): e2020660118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PNAS..11820660L">2021PNAS..11820660L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2020660118">10.1073/pnas.2020660118</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7848750">7848750</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33446487">33446487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Reply+to+Green+and+Hume%3A+Nonmicroglia+peripheral+immune+effects+of+short-term+CSF1R+inhibition+with+PLX5622&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e2020660118&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7848750%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33446487&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.2020660118&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PNAS..11820660L&rft.aulast=Lei&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Cui%2C+N&rft.au=Zhou%2C+C&rft.au=Chodosh%2C+J&rft.au=Vavvas%2C+DG&rft.au=Paschalis%2C+EI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7848750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11847211-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11847211_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManciniKochWilmsTamura2002" class="citation journal cs1">Mancini A, Koch A, Wilms R, Tamura T (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M109214200">"c-Cbl associates directly with the C-terminal tail of the receptor for the macrophage colony-stimulating factor, c-Fms, and down-modulates this receptor but not the viral oncogene v-Fms"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>277</b> (17): 14635–14640. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M109214200">10.1074/jbc.M109214200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11847211">11847211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=c-Cbl+associates+directly+with+the+C-terminal+tail+of+the+receptor+for+the+macrophage+colony-stimulating+factor%2C+c-Fms%2C+and+down-modulates+this+receptor+but+not+the+viral+oncogene+v-Fms&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=14635-14640&rft.date=2002-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M109214200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11847211&rft.aulast=Mancini&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Koch%2C+A&rft.au=Wilms%2C+R&rft.au=Tamura%2C+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M109214200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid7681396-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid7681396_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtneidgeDhandPilatTwamley1993" class="citation journal cs1">Courtneidge SA, Dhand R, Pilat D, Twamley GM, Waterfield MD, Roussel MF (March 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC413295">"Activation of Src family kinases by colony stimulating factor-1, and their association with its receptor"</a>. <i>The EMBO Journal</i>. <b>12</b> (3): 943–950. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1993.tb05735.x">10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05735.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC413295">413295</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7681396">7681396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+EMBO+Journal&rft.atitle=Activation+of+Src+family+kinases+by+colony+stimulating+factor-1%2C+and+their+association+with+its+receptor&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=943-950&rft.date=1993-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC413295%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7681396&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1460-2075.1993.tb05735.x&rft.aulast=Courtneidge&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.au=Dhand%2C+R&rft.au=Pilat%2C+D&rft.au=Twamley%2C+GM&rft.au=Waterfield%2C+MD&rft.au=Roussel%2C+MF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC413295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9380408-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9380408_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManciniNiedenthalJoosKoch1997" class="citation journal cs1">Mancini A, Niedenthal R, Joos H, Koch A, Trouliaris S, Niemann H, Tamura T (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1201518">"Identification of a second Grb2 binding site in the v-Fms tyrosine kinase"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. <b>15</b> (13): 1565–1572. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1201518">10.1038/sj.onc.1201518</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9380408">9380408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+second+Grb2+binding+site+in+the+v-Fms+tyrosine+kinase&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=1565-1572&rft.date=1997-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1201518&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9380408&rft.aulast=Mancini&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Niedenthal%2C+R&rft.au=Joos%2C+H&rft.au=Koch%2C+A&rft.au=Trouliaris%2C+S&rft.au=Niemann%2C+H&rft.au=Tamura%2C+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fsj.onc.1201518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11297560-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11297560_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouretteDe_SepulvedaArnaudDubreuil2001" class="citation journal cs1">Bourette RP, De Sepulveda P, Arnaud S, Dubreuil P, Rottapel R, Mouchiroud G (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M101878200">"Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 interacts with the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor and negatively regulates its proliferation signal"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>276</b> (25): 22133–22139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M101878200">10.1074/jbc.M101878200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11297560">11297560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Suppressor+of+cytokine+signaling+1+interacts+with+the+macrophage+colony-stimulating+factor+receptor+and+negatively+regulates+its+proliferation+signal&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=22133-22139&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M101878200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11297560&rft.aulast=Bourette&rft.aufirst=RP&rft.au=De+Sepulveda%2C+P&rft.au=Arnaud%2C+S&rft.au=Dubreuil%2C+P&rft.au=Rottapel%2C+R&rft.au=Mouchiroud%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M101878200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRettenmierRousselSherr1988" class="citation journal cs1">Rettenmier CW, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.1988.Supplement_9.2">"The colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor (c-fms proto-oncogene product) and its ligand"</a>. <i>Journal of Cell Science. Supplement</i>. <b>9</b>: 27–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.1988.Supplement_9.2">10.1242/jcs.1988.Supplement_9.2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2978516">2978516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cell+Science.+Supplement&rft.atitle=The+colony-stimulating+factor+1+%28CSF-1%29+receptor+%28c-fms+proto-oncogene+product%29+and+its+ligand&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=27-44&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjcs.1988.Supplement_9.2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2978516&rft.aulast=Rettenmier&rft.aufirst=CW&rft.au=Roussel%2C+MF&rft.au=Sherr%2C+CJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1242%252Fjcs.1988.Supplement_9.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanleyBergEinsteinLee1997" class="citation journal cs1">Stanley ER, Berg KL, Einstein DB, Lee PS, Pixley FJ, Wang Y, Yeung YG (January 1997). "Biology and action of colony--stimulating factor-1". <i>Molecular Reproduction and Development</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 4–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2795%28199701%2946%3A1%3C4%3A%3AAID-MRD2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-V">10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199701)46:1<4::AID-MRD2>3.0.CO;2-V</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8981357">8981357</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20846803">20846803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Reproduction+and+Development&rft.atitle=Biology+and+action+of+colony--stimulating+factor-1&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-10&rft.date=1997-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20846803%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8981357&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2795%28199701%2946%3A1%3C4%3A%3AAID-MRD2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-V&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=ER&rft.au=Berg%2C+KL&rft.au=Einstein%2C+DB&rft.au=Lee%2C+PS&rft.au=Pixley%2C+FJ&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y&rft.au=Yeung%2C+YG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoutDhandPanayotouFry1992" class="citation journal cs1">Gout I, Dhand R, Panayotou G, Fry MJ, Hiles I, Otsu M, Waterfield MD (December 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1132024">"Expression and characterization of the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex and a related p85 beta protein by using the baculovirus expression system"</a>. <i>The Biochemical Journal</i>. <b>288</b> (Pt 2): 395–405. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj2880395">10.1042/bj2880395</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1132024">1132024</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1334406">1334406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=Expression+and+characterization+of+the+p85+subunit+of+the+phosphatidylinositol+3-kinase+complex+and+a+related+p85+beta+protein+by+using+the+baculovirus+expression+system&rft.volume=288&rft.issue=Pt+2&rft.pages=395-405&rft.date=1992-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1132024%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1334406&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj2880395&rft.aulast=Gout&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Dhand%2C+R&rft.au=Panayotou%2C+G&rft.au=Fry%2C+MJ&rft.au=Hiles%2C+I&rft.au=Otsu%2C+M&rft.au=Waterfield%2C+MD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1132024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoultwoodRackKellyMadden1991" class="citation journal cs1">Boultwood J, Rack K, Kelly S, Madden J, Sakaguchi AY, Wang LM, et al. (July 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC52045">"Loss of both CSF1R (FMS) alleles in patients with myelodysplasia and a chromosome 5 deletion"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>88</b> (14): 6176–6180. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991PNAS...88.6176B">1991PNAS...88.6176B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.88.14.6176">10.1073/pnas.88.14.6176</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC52045">52045</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1829836">1829836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Loss+of+both+CSF1R+%28FMS%29+alleles+in+patients+with+myelodysplasia+and+a+chromosome+5+deletion&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=6176-6180&rft.date=1991-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC52045%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1829836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.88.14.6176&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991PNAS...88.6176B&rft.aulast=Boultwood&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Rack%2C+K&rft.au=Kelly%2C+S&rft.au=Madden%2C+J&rft.au=Sakaguchi%2C+AY&rft.au=Wang%2C+LM&rft.au=Oscier%2C+DG&rft.au=Buckle%2C+VJ&rft.au=Wainscoat%2C+JS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC52045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRousselClevelandShurtleffSherr1991" class="citation journal cs1">Roussel MF, Cleveland JL, Shurtleff SA, Sherr CJ (September 1991). "Myc rescue of a mutant CSF-1 receptor impaired in mitogenic signalling". <i>Nature</i>. <b>353</b> (6342): 361–363. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991Natur.353..361R">1991Natur.353..361R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F353361a0">10.1038/353361a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1833648">1833648</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4304762">4304762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Myc+rescue+of+a+mutant+CSF-1+receptor+impaired+in+mitogenic+signalling&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=6342&rft.pages=361-363&rft.date=1991-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F353361a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4304762%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1833648&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991Natur.353..361R&rft.aulast=Roussel&rft.aufirst=MF&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+JL&rft.au=Shurtleff%2C+SA&rft.au=Sherr%2C+CJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReedijkLiuPawson1990" class="citation journal cs1">Reedijk M, Liu XQ, Pawson T (November 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC361316">"Interactions of phosphatidylinositol kinase, GTPase-activating protein (GAP), and GAP-associated proteins with the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor"</a>. <i>Molecular and Cellular Biology</i>. <b>10</b> (11): 5601–5608. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fmcb.10.11.5601">10.1128/mcb.10.11.5601</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC361316">361316</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2172781">2172781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+phosphatidylinositol+kinase%2C+GTPase-activating+protein+%28GAP%29%2C+and+GAP-associated+proteins+with+the+colony-stimulating+factor+1+receptor&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=5601-5608&rft.date=1990-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC361316%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2172781&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2Fmcb.10.11.5601&rft.aulast=Reedijk&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Liu%2C+XQ&rft.au=Pawson%2C+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC361316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherrRettenmierSaccaRoussel1985" class="citation journal cs1">Sherr CJ, Rettenmier CW, Sacca R, Roussel MF, Look AT, Stanley ER (July 1985). "The c-fms proto-oncogene product is related to the receptor for the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor, CSF-1". <i>Cell</i>. <b>41</b> (3): 665–676. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2885%2980047-7">10.1016/S0092-8674(85)80047-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2408759">2408759</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32037918">32037918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+c-fms+proto-oncogene+product+is+related+to+the+receptor+for+the+mononuclear+phagocyte+growth+factor%2C+CSF-1&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=665-676&rft.date=1985-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32037918%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2408759&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2885%2980047-7&rft.aulast=Sherr&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=Rettenmier%2C+CW&rft.au=Sacca%2C+R&rft.au=Roussel%2C+MF&rft.au=Look%2C+AT&rft.au=Stanley%2C+ER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoussensVan_BeverenSmithChen1986" class="citation journal cs1">Coussens L, Van Beveren C, Smith D, Chen E, Mitchell RL, Isacke CM, et al. (1986). "Structural alteration of viral homologue of receptor proto-oncogene fms at carboxyl terminus". <i>Nature</i>. <b>320</b> (6059): 277–280. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986Natur.320..277C">1986Natur.320..277C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F320277a0">10.1038/320277a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2421165">2421165</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4365127">4365127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Structural+alteration+of+viral+homologue+of+receptor+proto-oncogene+fms+at+carboxyl+terminus&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=6059&rft.pages=277-280&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F320277a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4365127%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2421165&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986Natur.320..277C&rft.aulast=Coussens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Van+Beveren%2C+C&rft.au=Smith%2C+D&rft.au=Chen%2C+E&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+RL&rft.au=Isacke%2C+CM&rft.au=Verma%2C+IM&rft.au=Ullrich%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampeShamoonGobetSherr1989" class="citation journal cs1">Hampe A, Shamoon BM, Gobet M, Sherr CJ, Galibert F (1989). "Nucleotide sequence and structural organization of the human FMS proto-oncogene". <i>Oncogene Research</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 9–17. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2524025">2524025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene+Research&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+and+structural+organization+of+the+human+FMS+proto-oncogene&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9-17&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2524025&rft.aulast=Hampe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Shamoon%2C+BM&rft.au=Gobet%2C+M&rft.au=Sherr%2C+CJ&rft.au=Galibert%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisvaderVerma1989" class="citation journal cs1">Visvader J, Verma IM (March 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC362728">"Differential transcription of exon 1 of the human c-fms gene in placental trophoblasts and monocytes"</a>. <i>Molecular and Cellular Biology</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 1336–1341. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fmcb.9.3.1336">10.1128/mcb.9.3.1336</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC362728">362728</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2524648">2524648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.atitle=Differential+transcription+of+exon+1+of+the+human+c-fms+gene+in+placental+trophoblasts+and+monocytes&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1336-1341&rft.date=1989-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC362728%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2524648&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2Fmcb.9.3.1336&rft.aulast=Visvader&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Verma%2C+IM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC362728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsLookRousselSherr1988" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts WM, Look AT, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ (November 1988). "Tandem linkage of human CSF-1 receptor (c-fms) and PDGF receptor genes". <i>Cell</i>. <b>55</b> (4): 655–661. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2888%2990224-3">10.1016/0092-8674(88)90224-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2846185">2846185</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44261532">44261532</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Tandem+linkage+of+human+CSF-1+receptor+%28c-fms%29+and+PDGF+receptor+genes&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=655-661&rft.date=1988-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A44261532%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2846185&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0092-8674%2888%2990224-3&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.au=Look%2C+AT&rft.au=Roussel%2C+MF&rft.au=Sherr%2C+CJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuGuilhotGalibert1985" class="citation journal cs1">Xu DQ, Guilhot S, Galibert F (May 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC397666">"Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the human c-fms gene"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>82</b> (9): 2862–2865. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PNAS...82.2862X">1985PNAS...82.2862X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.82.9.2862">10.1073/pnas.82.9.2862</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25278">25278</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC397666">397666</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2986142">2986142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Restriction+fragment+length+polymorphism+of+the+human+c-fms+gene&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2862-2865&rft.date=1985-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC397666%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25278%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985PNAS...82.2862X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2986142&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.82.9.2862&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=DQ&rft.au=Guilhot%2C+S&rft.au=Galibert%2C+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC397666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherrRettenmier1986" class="citation journal cs1">Sherr CJ, Rettenmier CW (1986). "The fms gene and the CSF-1 receptor". <i>Cancer Surveys</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 221–232. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3022923">3022923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Surveys&rft.atitle=The+fms+gene+and+the+CSF-1+receptor&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-232&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3022923&rft.aulast=Sherr&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=Rettenmier%2C+CW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_BeauWestbrookDiazLarson1986" class="citation journal cs1">Le Beau MM, Westbrook CA, Diaz MO, Larson RA, Rowley JD, Gasson JC, et al. (February 1986). "Evidence for the involvement of GM-CSF and FMS in the deletion (5q) in myeloid disorders". <i>Science</i>. <b>231</b> (4741): 984–987. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986Sci...231..984L">1986Sci...231..984L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.3484837">10.1126/science.3484837</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3484837">3484837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+the+involvement+of+GM-CSF+and+FMS+in+the+deletion+%285q%29+in+myeloid+disorders&rft.volume=231&rft.issue=4741&rft.pages=984-987&rft.date=1986-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3484837&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.3484837&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986Sci...231..984L&rft.aulast=Le+Beau&rft.aufirst=MM&rft.au=Westbrook%2C+CA&rft.au=Diaz%2C+MO&rft.au=Larson%2C+RA&rft.au=Rowley%2C+JD&rft.au=Gasson%2C+JC&rft.au=Golde%2C+DW&rft.au=Sherr%2C+CJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheelerRousselHampeWalker1986" class="citation journal cs1">Wheeler EF, Roussel MF, Hampe A, Walker MH, Fried VA, Look AT, et al. (August 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC253070">"The amino-terminal domain of the v-fms oncogene product includes a functional signal peptide that directs synthesis of a transforming glycoprotein in the absence of feline leukemia virus gag sequences"</a>. <i>Journal of Virology</i>. <b>59</b> (2): 224–233. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.59.2.224-233.1986">10.1128/JVI.59.2.224-233.1986</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC253070">253070</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3525854">3525854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=The+amino-terminal+domain+of+the+v-fms+oncogene+product+includes+a+functional+signal+peptide+that+directs+synthesis+of+a+transforming+glycoprotein+in+the+absence+of+feline+leukemia+virus+gag+sequences&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=224-233&rft.date=1986-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC253070%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3525854&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJVI.59.2.224-233.1986&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=EF&rft.au=Roussel%2C+MF&rft.au=Hampe%2C+A&rft.au=Walker%2C+MH&rft.au=Fried%2C+VA&rft.au=Look%2C+AT&rft.au=Rettenmier%2C+CW&rft.au=Sherr%2C+CJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC253070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerbeekRoebroekvan_den_OuwelandBloemers1985" class="citation journal cs1">Verbeek JS, Roebroek AJ, van den Ouweland AM, Bloemers HP, Van de Ven WJ (February 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC366728">"Human c-fms proto-oncogene: comparative analysis with an abnormal allele"</a>. <i>Molecular and Cellular Biology</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 422–426. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fmcb.5.2.422">10.1128/mcb.5.2.422</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC366728">366728</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3974576">3974576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology&rft.atitle=Human+c-fms+proto-oncogene%3A+comparative+analysis+with+an+abnormal+allele&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=422-426&rft.date=1985-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC366728%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3974576&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2Fmcb.5.2.422&rft.aulast=Verbeek&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.au=Roebroek%2C+AJ&rft.au=van+den+Ouweland%2C+AM&rft.au=Bloemers%2C+HP&rft.au=Van+de+Ven%2C+WJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC366728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeNienhuis1990" class="citation journal cs1">Lee AW, Nienhuis AW (September 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54725">"Mechanism of kinase activation in the receptor for colony-stimulating factor 1"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>87</b> (18): 7270–7274. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PNAS...87.7270L">1990PNAS...87.7270L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.87.18.7270">10.1073/pnas.87.18.7270</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54725">54725</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2169623">2169623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+kinase+activation+in+the+receptor+for+colony-stimulating+factor+1&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=7270-7274&rft.date=1990-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC54725%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2169623&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.87.18.7270&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990PNAS...87.7270L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=AW&rft.au=Nienhuis%2C+AW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC54725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColony+stimulating+factor+1+receptor" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=CSF1R+protein%2C+human">CSF1R+protein,+human</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul> <p><i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Proteins:_clusters_of_differentiation_(see_also_list_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Template:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Template talk:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Proteins:_clusters_of_differentiation_(see_also_list_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">clusters of differentiation</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation" title="List of human clusters of differentiation">list of human clusters of differentiation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">1–50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD1" title="CD1">CD1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_1_CD1" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 1 CD1">a-c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1A" title="CD1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1b" title="CD1b">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1D" title="CD1D">1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1E" title="CD1E">1E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD2" title="CD2">CD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD3G" title="CD3G">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3D" title="CD3D">δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3E" class="mw-redirect" title="CD3E">ε</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD5_(protein)" title="CD5 (protein)">CD5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD6" title="CD6">CD6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD7" title="CD7">CD7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD8" title="CD8">CD8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD8A" title="CD8A">a</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD9" title="CD9">CD9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neprilysin" title="Neprilysin">CD10</a></li> <li><i>CD11</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD11a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_alpha_M" title="Integrin alpha M">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD11c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGAD" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGAD">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">CD13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD14" title="CD14">CD14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD15" class="mw-redirect" title="CD15">CD15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD16" title="CD16">CD16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR3A" title="FCGR3A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR3B" title="FCGR3B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD19" title="CD19">CD19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CD21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD22" title="CD22">CD22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">CD23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD24" title="CD24">CD24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL2RA" title="IL2RA">CD25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4" title="Dipeptidyl peptidase-4">CD26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD27" title="CD27">CD27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD28" title="CD28">CD28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_beta_1" title="Integrin beta 1">CD29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD30" title="CD30">CD30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD32" title="CD32">CD32</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR2A" title="FCGR2A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR2B" title="FCGR2B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD33" title="CD33">CD33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_1" title="Complement receptor 1">CD35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD36" title="CD36">CD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD37" title="CD37">CD37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD38" title="CD38">CD38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENTPD1" title="ENTPD1">CD39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA2B" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA2B">CD41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_Ib" title="Glycoprotein Ib">CD42</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_IX" title="Glycoprotein IX">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP1BA" title="GP1BA">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP1BB" title="GP1BB">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP5_(gene)" title="GP5 (gene)">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD43" title="CD43">CD43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD44" title="CD44">CD44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTPRC" title="PTPRC">CD45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD46" title="CD46">CD46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD47" title="CD47">CD47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD48" title="CD48">CD48</a></li> <li><i>CD49</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD49a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49b" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49d" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49d">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA5" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA5">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA6" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA6">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM3" title="ICAM3">CD50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">51–100</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITGAV" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGAV">CD51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD52" title="CD52">CD52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD53" title="CD53">CD53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM-1" title="ICAM-1">CD54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decay-accelerating_factor" title="Decay-accelerating factor">CD55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Neural cell adhesion molecule">CD56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3GAT1" title="B3GAT1">CD57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD58" title="CD58">CD58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD59" title="CD59">CD59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD61" class="mw-redirect" title="CD61">CD61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectin" title="Selectin">CD62</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-selectin" title="E-selectin">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-selectin" title="L-selectin">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-selectin" title="P-selectin">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD63" title="CD63">CD63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD64_(biology)" title="CD64 (biology)">CD64</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1A" title="FCGR1A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1B" class="mw-redirect" title="FCGR1B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1C" class="mw-redirect" title="FCGR1C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoembryonic_antigen" title="Carcinoembryonic antigen">CD66</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM1" title="CEACAM1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM8" title="CEACAM8">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM6" title="CEACAM6">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM3" title="CEACAM3">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM5" title="CEACAM5">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSG1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="PSG1 (gene)">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD68" title="CD68">CD68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD69" title="CD69">CD69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD70" title="CD70">CD70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFRC" class="mw-redirect" title="TFRC">CD71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD72" title="CD72">CD72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NT5E" title="NT5E">CD73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD74" title="CD74">CD74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD78" title="CD78">CD78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79" title="CD79">CD79</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD79A" title="CD79A">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79B" title="CD79B">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD80" title="CD80">CD80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD81" title="CD81">CD81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD82_(gene)" title="CD82 (gene)">CD82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD83" title="CD83">CD83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD84" title="CD84">CD84</a></li> <li><i>CD85</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LILRB3" title="LILRB3">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB2" title="LILRB2">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA3" title="LILRA3">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA2" title="LILRA2">h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB1" title="LILRB1">j</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB4" title="LILRB4">k</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD86" title="CD86">CD86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urokinase_receptor" title="Urokinase receptor">CD87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C5a_receptor" title="C5a receptor">CD88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCAR" title="FCAR">CD89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD90" title="CD90">CD90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LRP1" title="LRP1">CD91</a> - <a href="/wiki/SLC44A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC44A1">CD92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD93" title="CD93">CD93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRD1" title="KLRD1">CD94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_receptor" title="Fas receptor">CD95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD96" title="CD96">CD96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD97" title="CD97">CD97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD98" title="CD98">CD98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD99" title="CD99">CD99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEMA4D" title="SEMA4D">CD100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">101–150</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IGSF2" title="IGSF2">CD101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM2" title="ICAM2">CD102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGAE" title="ITGAE">CD103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGB4" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGB4">CD104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoglin" title="Endoglin">CD105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCAM-1" title="VCAM-1">CD106</a></li> <li><i>CD107</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LAMP1" title="LAMP1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP2" title="LAMP2">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEMA7A" title="SEMA7A">CD108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD109" title="CD109">CD109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myeloproliferative_leukemia_virus_oncogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene">CD110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL1" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL1">CD111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL2" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL2">CD112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL3" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL3">CD113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor">CD114</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">CD116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIT_(gene)" title="KIT (gene)">CD117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor_receptor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor">CD118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma_receptor_1" title="Interferon gamma receptor 1">CD119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD120" title="CD120">CD120</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF1A" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF1A">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF1B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF1B">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>CD121</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_I" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type I">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_II" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type II">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL2RB" title="IL2RB">CD122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL3RA" title="IL3RA">CD123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">CD124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5_receptor_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit">CD125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">CD126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">CD127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-9_receptor" title="Interleukin-9 receptor">CD129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_130" title="Glycoprotein 130">CD130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSF2RB" title="CSF2RB">CD131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_gamma_chain" title="Common gamma chain">CD132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD133" title="CD133">CD133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD134" title="CD134">CD134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD135" title="CD135">CD135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MST1R" title="MST1R">CD136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD137" title="CD137">CD137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndecan_1" title="Syndecan 1">CD138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDGFRB" title="PDGFRB">CD140b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombomodulin" title="Thrombomodulin">CD141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_factor" title="Tissue factor">CD142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme" title="Angiotensin-converting enzyme">CD143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VE-cadherin" title="VE-cadherin">CD144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD146" title="CD146">CD146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basigin" title="Basigin">CD147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTPRJ" title="PTPRJ">CD148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAMF1" title="SLAMF1">CD150</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">151–200</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD151" title="CD151">CD151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTLA-4" class="mw-redirect" title="CTLA-4">CD152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD153" title="CD153">CD153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">CD154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD155" title="CD155">CD155</a></li> <li><i>CD156</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAM8" title="ADAM8">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM17" title="ADAM17">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM10" title="ADAM10">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BST1" title="BST1">CD157</a></li> <li><i>CD158</i> (<a href="/wiki/KIR2DL1" title="KIR2DL1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DL4" title="KIR2DL4">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL1" title="KIR3DL1">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DS4" title="KIR2DS4">i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL2" title="KIR3DL2">k</a>)</li> <li><i>CD159</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NKG2" title="NKG2">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRC2" title="KLRC2">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD160" title="CD160">CD160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRB1" title="KLRB1">CD161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-selectin_glycoprotein_ligand-1" title="P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1">CD162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD163" title="CD163">CD163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD164" title="CD164">CD164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALCAM" title="ALCAM">CD166</a></li> <li><i>CD167</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DDR1" title="DDR1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoidin_domain-containing_receptor_2" title="Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaluronan-mediated_motility_receptor" title="Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor">CD168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialoadhesin" title="Sialoadhesin">CD169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC5" title="SIGLEC5">CD170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L1_(protein)" title="L1 (protein)">CD171</a></li> <li><i>CD172</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signal-regulatory_protein_alpha" title="Signal-regulatory protein alpha">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIRPB1" title="SIRPB1">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIRPG" title="SIRPG">g</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fucosyltransferase_3" title="Fucosyltransferase 3">CD174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD177" title="CD177">CD177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_ligand" title="Fas ligand">CD178</a></li> <li><i>CD179</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPREB1" title="VPREB1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGLL1" title="IGLL1">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD180" title="CD180">CD180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_alpha" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha">CD181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_beta" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, beta">CD182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR3" title="CXCR3">CD183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR4" title="CXCR4">CD184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR5" title="CXCR5">CD185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR6" title="CXCR6">CD186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR1" title="CCR1">CD191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CD192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR3_(gene)" title="CCR3 (gene)">CD193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR4" title="CCR4">CD194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR5" title="CCR5">CD195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_6" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 6">CD196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_7" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 7">CD197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR8_(gene)" title="CCR8 (gene)">CDw198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR9" title="CCR9">CDw199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD200" title="CD200">CD200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">201–250</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endothelial_protein_C_receptor" title="Endothelial protein C receptor">CD201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEK_tyrosine_kinase" title="TEK tyrosine kinase">CD202b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSR1" title="MSR1">CD204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY75" class="mw-redirect" title="LY75">CD205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannose_receptor" title="Mannose receptor">CD206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD207" class="mw-redirect" title="CD207">CD207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP3" title="LAMP3">CD208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC-SIGN" title="DC-SIGN">CD209</a></li> <li><i>CDw210</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">CD212</a></li> <li><i>CD213a</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IL13RA1" class="mw-redirect" title="IL13RA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL13RA2" title="IL13RA2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL17RA" title="IL17RA">CD217</a></li> <li><i>CD218</i> (<a href="/wiki/IL18R1" title="IL18R1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL18RAP" title="IL18RAP">b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin_receptor" title="Insulin receptor">CD220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">CD221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">CD222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAG3" class="mw-redirect" title="LAG3">CD223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GGT1" class="mw-redirect" title="GGT1">CD224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFITM1" title="IFITM1">CD225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD226" title="CD226">CD226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUC1" class="mw-redirect" title="MUC1">CD227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFI2" class="mw-redirect" title="MFI2">CD228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY9" title="LY9">CD229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRNP" class="mw-redirect" title="PRNP">CD230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Band 3">CD233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_antigen_system" title="Duffy antigen system">CD234</a></li> <li><i>CD235</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GYPA" class="mw-redirect" title="GYPA">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYPB" title="GYPB">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycophorin_C" title="Glycophorin C">CD236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kell_antigen_system" title="Kell antigen system">CD238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Basal cell adhesion molecule">CD239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHCE_(gene)" title="RHCE (gene)">CD240CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHD_(gene)" title="RHD (gene)">CD240D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHAG" title="RHAG">CD241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-glycoprotein" title="P-glycoprotein">CD243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD244" title="CD244">CD244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">CD246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD247" class="mw-redirect" title="CD247">CD247</a> - <a href="/wiki/CD248" title="CD248">CD248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamyl_aminopeptidase" title="Glutamyl aminopeptidase">CD249</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">251–300</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OX40L" class="mw-redirect" title="OX40L"> CD252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAIL" title="TRAIL">CD253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANKL" title="RANKL">CD254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFSF13" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFSF13">CD256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">CD257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFSF14" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFSF14">CD258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10A" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10A">CD261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10B">CD262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10C" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10C">CD263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10D" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10D">CD264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANK" title="RANK">CD265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF12A" title="TNFRSF12A">CD266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13B">CD267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13C" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13C">CD268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF17" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF17">CD269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">CD271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTLA" title="BTLA">CD272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDCD1LG2" title="PDCD1LG2">CD273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD274" class="mw-redirect" title="CD274">CD274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICOSLG" title="ICOSLG">CD275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD276" title="CD276">CD276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD278" title="CD278">CD278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1" title="Programmed cell death protein 1">CD279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannose_receptor" title="Mannose receptor">CD280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR_1" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR 1">CD281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR2" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR2">CD282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR3" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR3">CD283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR4" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR4">CD284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR6" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR6">CD286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR8" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR8">CD288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR9" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR9">CD289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR10" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR10">CD290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMPR1A" title="BMPR1A">CD292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMPR1B" title="BMPR1B">CDw293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD294" class="mw-redirect" title="CD294">CD294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptin_receptor" title="Leptin receptor">CD295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART4" title="ART4">CD297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1B3" title="ATP1B3">CD298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC4M" title="CLEC4M">CD299</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">301–350</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD300A" title="CD300A">CD300A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC10A" title="CLEC10A">CD301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD302" title="CD302">CD302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC4C" title="CLEC4C">CD303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropilin" title="Neuropilin">CD304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAIR1" title="LAIR1">CD305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAIR2" title="LAIR2">CD306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCRL5" title="FCRL5">CD307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinase_insert_domain_receptor" title="Kinase insert domain receptor">CD309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMR2" title="EMR2">CD312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKG2D" title="NKG2D">CD314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTGFRN" title="PTGFRN">CD315</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGSF8" title="IGSF8">CD316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetherin" title="Tetherin">CD317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDCP1" title="CDCP1">CD318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD320" title="CD320">CD320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F11_receptor" title="F11 receptor">CD321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAM2" title="JAM2">CD322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDH1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH1 (gene)">CD324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDH2" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH2">CD325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithelial_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Epithelial cell adhesion molecule">CD326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC6" title="SIGLEC6">CD327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC7" title="SIGLEC7">CD328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC9" title="SIGLEC9">CD329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">CD331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">CD332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">CD333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">CD334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR1" title="NCR1">CD335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR2" title="NCR2">CD336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR3" title="NCR3">CD337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABCG2" title="ABCG2">CD338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAG1" title="JAG1">CD339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">CD340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD4" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD4">CD344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD9" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD9">CD349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD10" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD10">CD350</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cytokine_receptors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptors" title="Template:Cytokine receptors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cytokine_receptors" title="Template talk:Cytokine receptors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokine_receptors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokine receptors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cytokine_receptors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cytokine_receptor" title="Cytokine receptor">Cytokine receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Chemokine_receptor" title="Chemokine receptor">Chemokine receptor</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor" title="G protein-coupled receptor">GPCRs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CC_chemokine_receptors" title="CC chemokine receptors">CC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCR1" title="CCR1">CCR1</a> / <a href="/wiki/CCRL1" title="CCRL1">CCRL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CCR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCRL2" title="CCRL2">CCRL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR3_(gene)" title="CCR3 (gene)">CCR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR4" title="CCR4">CCR4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR5" title="CCR5">CCR5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_6" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 6">CCR6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_7" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 7">CCR7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR8_(gene)" title="CCR8 (gene)">CCR8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR9" title="CCR9">CCR9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR10" title="CCR10">CCR10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CXC_chemokine_receptors" title="CXC chemokine receptors">CXC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-8_receptor" title="Interleukin-8 receptor">IL-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_alpha" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha">CXCR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_beta" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, beta">CXCR2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR3" title="CXCR3">CXCR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR4" title="CXCR4">CXCR4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR5" title="CXCR5">CXCR5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR6" title="CXCR6">CXCR6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACKR3" title="ACKR3">CXCR7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CX3C <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CX3C_motif_chemokine_receptor_1" title="CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1">CX3CR1</a></li></ul></li> <li>XC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XCR1" title="XCR1">XCR1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCBP2" title="CCBP2">CCBP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMKLR1" title="CMKLR1">CMKLR1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor receptor">TNF receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">1-10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_receptor_1" title="Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1">TNFR1</a> <i>(TNFRSF1A)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_receptor_2" title="Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2">TNFR2</a> <i>(TNFRSF1B)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin_beta_receptor" title="Lymphotoxin beta receptor">LTBR</a> <i>(TNFRSF3)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD134" title="CD134">CD134</a> <i>(TNFRSF4)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a> <i>(TNFRSF5)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_receptor" title="Fas receptor">Fas receptor</a> <i>(TNFRSF6)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DcR3" class="mw-redirect" title="DcR3">DcR3</a> <i>(TNFRSF6B)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD27" title="CD27">CD27</a> <i>(TNFRSF7)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD30" title="CD30">CD30</a> <i>(TNFRSF8)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD137" title="CD137">CD137</a> <i>(TNFRSF9)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">11-20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_receptor_4" title="Death receptor 4">DR4</a> <i>(TNFRSF10A)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_receptor_5" title="Death receptor 5">DR5</a> <i>(TNFRSF10B)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_receptor_1" title="Decoy receptor 1">DcR1</a> <i>(TNFRSF10C)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_receptor_2" title="Decoy receptor 2">DcR2</a> <i>(TNFRSF10D)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANK" title="RANK">RANK</a> <i>(TNFRSF11A)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteoprotegerin" title="Osteoprotegerin">Osteoprotegerin</a> <i>(TNFRSF11B)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF12A" title="TNFRSF12A">TweakR</a> <i>(TNFRSF12A)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13B">TACI</a> <i>(TNFRSF13B)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13C" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13C">BAFFR</a> <i>(TNFRSF13C)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF14" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF14">HVEM</a> <i>(TNFRSF14)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">NGFR</a> <i>(TNFRSF16)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF17" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF17">BCMA</a> <i>(TNFRSF17)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF18" title="TNFRSF18">GITR</a> <i>(TNFRSF18)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF19" title="TNFRSF19">TAJ/TROY</a> <i>(TNFRSF19)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">21-27</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_receptor_6" title="Death receptor 6">DR6</a> <i>(TNFRSF21)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_receptor_3" title="Death receptor 3">DR3</a> <i>(TNFRSF25)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectodysplasin_A2_receptor" title="Ectodysplasin A2 receptor">EDA2R</a> <i>(TNFRSF27)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway" title="JAK-STAT signaling pathway">JAK-STAT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Type_I_cytokine_receptor" title="Type I cytokine receptor">Type I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Common_gamma_chain" title="Common gamma chain">γ-chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin receptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IL-2_receptor" title="IL-2 receptor">IL2R</a> / <a href="/wiki/IL2RA" title="IL2RA">IL2RA</a>/<a href="/wiki/IL2RB" title="IL2RB">IL2RB</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-15_receptor" title="Interleukin-15 receptor">IL15R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">IL4R</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-13_receptor" title="Interleukin-13 receptor">IL13R</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13_receptor,_alpha_1" title="Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1">IL13RA1</a> / <a href="/wiki/IL13RA2" title="IL13RA2">IL13RA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">IL7R</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor-%CE%B1" title="Interleukin-7 receptor-α">IL7RA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-9_receptor" title="Interleukin-9 receptor">IL9R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-21_receptor" title="Interleukin-21 receptor">IL21R</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CSF2RB" title="CSF2RB">β-chain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin receptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-3_receptor" title="Interleukin-3 receptor">IL3R</a> / <a href="/wiki/IL3RA" title="IL3RA">IL3RA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-5_receptor" title="Interleukin-5 receptor">IL5R</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5_receptor_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit">IL5RA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">GM-CSF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_130" title="Glycoprotein 130">gp130</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin receptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">IL6RA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-11_receptor" title="Interleukin-11 receptor">11</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_11_receptor_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 11 receptor alpha subunit">IL11RA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-27_receptor" title="Interleukin-27 receptor">27</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_27_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha subunit">IL27RA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncostatin_M_receptor" title="Oncostatin M receptor">OSMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor_receptor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor">LIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_neurotrophic_factor_receptor" title="Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor">CNTFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">IL12RB1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin receptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-12_receptor" title="Interleukin-12 receptor">IL12R</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">IL12RB1</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">IL12RB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-23_receptor" title="Interleukin-23 receptor">IL23R</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>other <a href="/wiki/CSF_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="CSF receptors">CSF receptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin_receptor" title="Erythropoietin receptor">EPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor">G-CSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin_receptor" title="Thrombopoietin receptor">Thrombopoietin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hormone_receptor" title="Hormone receptor">hormone receptor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone_receptor" title="Growth hormone receptor">GH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolactin_receptor" title="Prolactin receptor">prolactin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Type_II_cytokine_receptor" title="Type II cytokine receptor">Type II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin receptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-10_receptor" title="Interleukin-10 receptor">IL10R</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit">IL10RA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit">IL10RB</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-22_receptor" title="Interleukin-22 receptor">IL22R</a> / <a href="/wiki/IL22RA1" title="IL22RA1">IL22RA1</a> / <a href="/wiki/IL22RA2" title="IL22RA2">IL22RA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-20_receptor" title="Interleukin-20 receptor">IL20R</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit">IL20RA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_20_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 20 receptor, beta subunit">IL20RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-28_receptor" title="Interleukin-28 receptor">IL28R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon receptor">Interferon receptors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interferon-alpha/beta_receptor" title="Interferon-alpha/beta receptor">-α/β</a> / <a href="/wiki/IFNAR1" title="IFNAR1">IFNAR1</a>/<a href="/wiki/IFNAR2" title="IFNAR2">IFNAR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon-gamma_receptor" title="Interferon-gamma receptor">-γ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma_receptor_1" title="Interferon gamma receptor 1">IFNGR1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma_receptor_2" title="Interferon gamma receptor 2">IFNGR2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily" title="Immunoglobulin superfamily">Ig superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-1_receptor" title="Interleukin-1 receptor">IL1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_I" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type I">IL1R1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_II" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type II">IL1R2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-18_receptor" title="Interleukin-18 receptor">IL18R</a> / <a href="/wiki/IL18R1" title="IL18R1">IL18R1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/IL_17_family" class="mw-redirect" title="IL 17 family">IL 17 family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-17_receptor" title="Interleukin-17 receptor">IL17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IL17RA" title="IL17RA">IL17RA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL17RB" title="IL17RB">IL17RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL17RC" title="IL17RC">IL17RC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL17RD" title="IL17RD">IL17RD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IL17RE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IL17RE (page does not exist)">IL17RE</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme-linked_receptor" title="Enzyme-linked receptor">Enzyme-linked receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">Tyr</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CSF1R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">KIT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptor_protein_serine/threonine_kinase" title="Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase">Ser/Thr</a>: <a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="TGF beta receptors">TGF-beta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_receptor_1" title="TGF beta receptor 1">TGFBR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGF_beta_receptor_2" title="TGF beta receptor 2">TGFBR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGF-beta_receptor_family" title="TGF-beta receptor family">family</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protein_kinases:_tyrosine_kinases_(EC_2.7.10)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tyrosine_kinases" title="Template:Tyrosine kinases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tyrosine_kinases" title="Template talk:Tyrosine kinases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tyrosine_kinases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tyrosine kinases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protein_kinases:_tyrosine_kinases_(EC_2.7.10)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase" title="Protein kinase">Protein kinases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase" title="Tyrosine kinase">tyrosine kinases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 2.7.10)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Receptor_tyrosine_kinases_(EC_2.7.10.1)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase">Receptor tyrosine kinases</a> (EC 2.7.10.1)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Growth_factor_receptor" title="Growth factor receptor">Growth factor receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ErbB" title="ErbB">EGF receptor family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">ERBB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERBB3" title="ERBB3">ERBB3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERBB4" title="ERBB4">ERBB4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insulin_receptor" title="Insulin receptor">Insulin receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">IGF1R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin_receptor" title="Insulin receptor">INSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSRR" title="INSRR">INSRR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RTK_class_III" title="RTK class III">PDGF receptor family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CSF1R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD135" title="CD135">FLT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">KIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-derived_growth_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-derived growth factor receptor">PDGFR</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDGFRA" class="mw-redirect" title="PDGFRA">PDGFRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDGFRB" title="PDGFRB">PDGFRB</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor">FGF receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">FGFR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">FGFR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">FGFR3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">FGFR4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VEGF_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="VEGF receptors">VEGF receptors</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FLT1" class="mw-redirect" title="FLT1">VEGFR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinase_insert_domain_receptor" title="Kinase insert domain receptor">VEGFR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VEGFR3" class="mw-redirect" title="VEGFR3">VEGFR3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/C-Met" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Met">HGF receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-Met" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Met">MET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MST1R" title="MST1R">RON</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trk_receptor" title="Trk receptor">Trk receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TrkA_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="TrkA receptor">NTRK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTRK2" class="mw-redirect" title="NTRK2">NTRK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTRK3" class="mw-redirect" title="NTRK3">NTRK3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ephrin_receptor" title="Ephrin receptor">EPH receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_A1" title="EPH receptor A1">EPHA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_A2" title="EPH receptor A2">EPHA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_A3" title="EPH receptor A3">EPHA3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_A4" title="EPH receptor A4">EPHA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_A5" title="EPH receptor A5">EPHA5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPHA6" title="EPHA6">EPHA6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPHA7" title="EPHA7">EPHA7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPHA8" title="EPHA8">EPHA8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_B1" title="EPH receptor B1">EPHB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_B2" title="EPH receptor B2">EPHB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPHB3" title="EPHB3">EPHB3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPH_receptor_B4" title="EPH receptor B4">EPHB4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPHB5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EPHB5 (page does not exist)">EPHB5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPHB6" title="EPHB6">EPHB6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPHX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EPHX (page does not exist)">EPHX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leukocyte_receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase">LTK receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leukocyte_receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase">LTK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">ALK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angiopoietin_receptor" title="Angiopoietin receptor">TIE receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TIE1" title="TIE1">TIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEK_tyrosine_kinase" title="TEK tyrosine kinase">TEK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_tyrosine_kinase-like_orphan_receptor" title="Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor">ROR receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROR1" title="ROR1">ROR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROR2" title="ROR2">ROR2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DDR1" title="DDR1">DDR receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DDR1" title="DDR1">DDR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoidin_domain-containing_receptor_2" title="Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2">DDR2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PTK7" title="PTK7">PTK7 receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PTK7" title="PTK7">PTK7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Related_to_receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Related to receptor tyrosine kinase">RYK receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Related_to_receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Related to receptor tyrosine kinase">RYK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MuSK_protein" title="MuSK protein">MuSK receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MuSK_protein" title="MuSK protein">MUSK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ROS receptor family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROS1" title="ROS1">ROS1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AATK" title="AATK">AATYK receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AATK" title="AATK">AATYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMTK2" title="LMTK2">AATYK2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AXL_receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="AXL receptor tyrosine kinase">AXL receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AXL_receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="AXL receptor tyrosine kinase">AXL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERTK" title="MERTK">MER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYRO3" title="TYRO3">TYRO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET receptor</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RET_proto-oncogene" title="RET proto-oncogene">RET</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">uncategorised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STYK1" title="STYK1">STYK1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-receptor_tyrosine_kinases_(EC_2.7.10.2)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-receptor_tyrosine_kinase" title="Non-receptor tyrosine kinase">Non-receptor tyrosine kinases</a> (EC 2.7.10.2)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ABL_(gene)" title="ABL (gene)">ABL</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abl_gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Abl gene">ABL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABL2" title="ABL2">ARG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TNK2" title="TNK2">ACK</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TNK2" title="TNK2">ACK1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNK1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TNK1 (page does not exist)">TNK1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine-protein_kinase_CSK" title="Tyrosine-protein kinase CSK">CSK</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-src_tyrosine_kinase" class="mw-redirect" title="C-src tyrosine kinase">CSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte-associated_tyrosine_kinase" title="Megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine kinase">MATK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PTK2" title="PTK2">FAK</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PTK2" title="PTK2">FAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTK2B" title="PTK2B">PYK2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feline_sarcoma_oncogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Feline sarcoma oncogene">FES</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_sarcoma_oncogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Feline sarcoma oncogene">FES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FER_(gene)" title="FER (gene)">FER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fyn-related_kinase" title="Fyn-related kinase">FRK</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fyn-related_kinase" title="Fyn-related kinase">FRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTK6" title="PTK6">BRK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRMS_(gene)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SRMS (gene) (page does not exist)">SRMS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase" title="Janus kinase">JAK</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase_1" title="Janus kinase 1">JAK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase_2" title="Janus kinase 2">JAK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase_3" title="Janus kinase 3">JAK3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase_2" title="Tyrosine kinase 2">TYK2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SRC-A family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src" title="Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src">SRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGR_(gene)" title="FGR (gene)">FGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FYN" title="FYN">FYN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YES1" class="mw-redirect" title="YES1">YES1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SRC-B family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine-protein_kinase_BLK" title="Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK">BLK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCK" title="HCK">HCK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lck" class="mw-redirect" title="Lck">LCK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LYN" title="LYN">LYN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TEC_(gene)" title="TEC (gene)">TEC</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TEC_(gene)" title="TEC (gene)">TEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX_(gene)" title="BMX (gene)">BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruton%27s_tyrosine_kinase" title="Bruton's tyrosine kinase">BTK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITK_(gene)" title="ITK (gene)">ITK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TXK_(gene)" title="TXK (gene)">TXK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine-protein_kinase_SYK" title="Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK">SYK</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine-protein_kinase_SYK" title="Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK">SYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAP-70" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAP-70">ZAP70</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="Translocase">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cytokine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Cytokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cytokine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cytokine_receptor" title="Cytokine receptor">Cytokine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chemokine_receptor" title="Chemokine receptor">Chemokine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Chemokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Chemokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony-stimulating factor receptor">CSF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin_receptor" title="Erythropoietin receptor">Erythropoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARA-290&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARA-290 (page does not exist)">ARA-290</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asialo_erythropoietin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asialo erythropoietin (page does not exist)">Asialo erythropoietin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbamylated_erythropoietin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbamylated erythropoietin (page does not exist)">Carbamylated erythropoietin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CNTO-530&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNTO-530 (page does not exist)">CNTO-530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbepoetin_alfa" title="Darbepoetin alfa">Darbepoetin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_alfa" title="Epoetin alfa">Epoetin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_beta" title="Epoetin beta">Epoetin beta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin delta (page does not exist)">Epoetin delta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_epsilon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin epsilon (page does not exist)">Epoetin epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin gamma (page does not exist)">Epoetin gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_kappa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin kappa (page does not exist)">Epoetin kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_omega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin omega (page does not exist)">Epoetin omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_theta" title="Epoetin theta">Epoetin theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoetin zeta">Epoetin zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin" title="Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin (EPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erythropoietin-Fc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erythropoietin-Fc (page does not exist)">Erythropoietin-Fc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_polyethylene_glycol-epoetin_beta" title="Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta">Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peginesatide" title="Peginesatide">Peginesatide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegol_sihematide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegol sihematide (page does not exist)">Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor">G-CSF (CSF3)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Filgrastim" title="Filgrastim">Filgrastim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor">Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenograstim" title="Lenograstim">Lenograstim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leridistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leridistim (page does not exist)">Leridistim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipegfilgrastim" title="Lipegfilgrastim">Lipegfilgrastim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nartograstim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nartograstim (page does not exist)">Nartograstim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegfilgrastim" title="Pegfilgrastim">Pegfilgrastim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegnartograstim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegnartograstim (page does not exist)">Pegnartograstim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">GM-CSF (CSF2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecogramostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecogramostim (page does not exist)">Ecogramostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor">Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milodistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milodistim (page does not exist)">Milodistim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molgramostim" title="Molgramostim">Molgramostim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regramostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regramostim (page does not exist)">Regramostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargramostim" title="Sargramostim">Sargramostim</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mavrilimumab" title="Mavrilimumab">Mavrilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namilumab" title="Namilumab">Namilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otilimab" title="Otilimab">Otilimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">M-CSF (CSF1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilmostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cilmostim (page does not exist)">Cilmostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-34" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-34">Interleukin-34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanimostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanimostim (page does not exist)">Lanimostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" title="Macrophage colony-stimulating factor">Macrophage colony-stimulating factor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirimostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirimostim (page does not exist)">Mirimostim</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">SCF (c-Kit)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Growth factor receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin_receptor" title="Thrombopoietin receptor">Thrombopoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eltrombopag" title="Eltrombopag">Eltrombopag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegacaristim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegacaristim (page does not exist)">Pegacaristim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegapoietin" title="Promegapoietin">Promegapoietin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romiplostim" title="Romiplostim">Romiplostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin" title="Thrombopoietin">Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon receptor">Interferon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon-alpha/beta_receptor" title="Interferon-alpha/beta receptor">IFNAR (α/β, I)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Albinterferon" title="Albinterferon">Albinterferon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alpha">Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfa" title="Interferon alfa">Interferon alfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alpha 1">IFNA1</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA2" title="IFNA2">IFNA2</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA4" title="IFNA4">IFNA4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA5" title="IFNA5">IFNA5</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA6" title="IFNA6">IFNA6</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA7" title="IFNA7">IFNA7</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA8" title="IFNA8">IFNA8</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA10" title="IFNA10">IFNA10</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA13" title="IFNA13">IFNA13</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA14" title="IFNA14">IFNA14</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA16" title="IFNA16">IFNA16</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA17" title="IFNA17">IFNA17</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA21" title="IFNA21">IFNA21</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfa_2a" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alfa 2a">Interferon alfa 2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfa_2b" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alfa 2b">Interferon alfa 2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interferon_alfa_n1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferon alfa n1 (page does not exist)">Interferon alfa n1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfacon-1" title="Interferon alfacon-1">Interferon alfacon-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha-n3" title="Interferon alpha-n3">Interferon alpha-n3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon beta">Interferon beta (IFN-β)</a> (<a href="/wiki/IFNB1" title="IFNB1">IFNB1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IFNB3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IFNB3 (page does not exist)">IFNB3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_beta_1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon beta 1a">Interferon beta 1a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_beta_1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon beta 1b">Interferon beta 1b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_kappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon kappa">Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_omega" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon omega">Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peginterferon_alfa-2a" title="Peginterferon alfa-2a">Peginterferon alfa-2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peginterferon_alfa-2b" title="Peginterferon alfa-2b">Peginterferon alfa-2b</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-545&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-545 (page does not exist)">MEDI-545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rontalizumab" title="Rontalizumab">Rontalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifalimumab" title="Sifalimumab">Sifalimumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bifarcept&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bifarcept (page does not exist)">Bifarcept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon-gamma_receptor" title="Interferon-gamma receptor">IFNGR (γ, II)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma_1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon gamma 1b">Interferon gamma 1b</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon-lambda_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon-lambda receptor">IFNLR (λ, III)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See IL-28R (IFNLR) <a href="/wiki/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Interleukin receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Interleukin receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor beta receptor">TGFβ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TGF%CE%B2_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor receptor">TNF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TNF_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TNF receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase" title="Janus kinase">JAK</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase_inhibitor" title="Janus kinase inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/JAK1" class="mw-redirect" title="JAK1">JAK1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrocitinib" title="Abrocitinib">Abrocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuruxolitinib" title="Deuruxolitinib">Deuruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filgotinib" title="Filgotinib">Filgotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momelotinib" title="Momelotinib">Momelotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oclacitinib" title="Oclacitinib">Oclacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upadacitinib" title="Upadacitinib">Upadacitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/JAK2" class="mw-redirect" title="JAK2">JAK2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atiprimod" title="Atiprimod">Atiprimod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-1480&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-1480 (page does not exist)">AZD-1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHZ868" title="CHZ868">CHZ868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitacin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucurbitacin I">Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYT387" class="mw-redirect" title="CYT387">CYT387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuruxolitinib" title="Deuruxolitinib">Deuruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NSC-7908&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NSC-7908 (page does not exist)">NSC-7908</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NSC-33994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NSC-33994 (page does not exist)">NSC-33994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacritinib" title="Pacritinib">Pacritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SD-1008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SD-1008 (page does not exist)">SD-1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/JAK3" class="mw-redirect" title="JAK3">JAK3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cercosporamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cercosporamide (page does not exist)">Cercosporamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decernotinib" title="Decernotinib">Decernotinib (VX-509)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritlecitinib" title="Ritlecitinib">Ritlecitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCS-21311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCS-21311 (page does not exist)">TCS-21311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZM-39923&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZM-39923 (page does not exist)">ZM-39923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZM-449829&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZM-449829 (page does not exist)">ZM-449829</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase_2" title="Tyrosine kinase 2">TYK2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deucravacitinib" title="Deucravacitinib">Deucravacitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Additional cytokines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cardiotrophin_1" title="Cardiotrophin 1">Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMS-like_tyrosine_kinase_3_ligand" title="FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand">FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncostatin_M" title="Oncostatin M">Oncostatin M (OSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymic_stromal_lymphopoietin" title="Thymic stromal lymphopoietin">Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Additional cytokine receptor modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emfilermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emfilermin (page does not exist)">Emfilermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midostaurin" title="Midostaurin">Midostaurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/21px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/32px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/42px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biology" title="Portal:Biology">Biology</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&oldid=1219593987">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&oldid=1219593987</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_5" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 5">Genes on human chromosome 5</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Category:Clusters of differentiation">Clusters of differentiation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Immunoglobulin_superfamily_cytokine_receptors" title="Category:Immunoglobulin superfamily cytokine receptors">Immunoglobulin superfamily cytokine receptors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tyrosine_kinase_receptors" title="Category:Tyrosine kinase receptors">Tyrosine kinase receptors</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_August_2019" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2019">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States National Library of Medicine">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States National Library of Medicine</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 April 2024, at 17:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vz8dh","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.274","walltime":"3.614","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4074,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":381124,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1358,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":83,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":204018,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":77,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3187.747 1 -total"," 69.76% 2223.905 1 Template:Infobox_gene"," 11.33% 361.331 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.94% 285.092 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.96% 190.047 42 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.13% 163.633 1 Template:Reflist"," 4.73% 150.805 15 Template:Navbox"," 4.24% 135.172 5 Template:Main_other"," 3.38% 107.722 1 Template:Clusters_of_differentiation"," 2.96% 94.255 1 Template:Update-section"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.870","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9517236,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-h6lmj","timestamp":"20241122143919","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5148523","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5148523","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-12-15T22:31:38Z","dateModified":"2024-04-18T17:52:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4a\/Protein_CSF1R_PDB_2I0V.png","headline":"protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens"}</script> </body> </html>