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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="أعالي الغرب الأوسط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أعالي الغرب الأوسط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Upper Midwest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Upper Midwest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89" title="غرب وسطانى عالى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غرب وسطانى عالى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="北中西部 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北中西部" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Верхний Средний Запад – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верхний Средний Запад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Upper Midwest" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Upper Midwest" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96vre_mellanv%C3%A4stern" title="Övre mellanvästern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Övre mellanvästern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Верхній Середній Захід – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Верхній Середній Захід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Trung_T%C3%A2y" title="Thượng Trung Tây – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thượng Trung Tây" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="上中西部 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="上中西部" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in the northern portion of the Midwestern United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Upper Midwest</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:176px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gfp-michigan-porcupine-mountains-state-park-forest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gfp-michigan-porcupine-mountains-state-park-forest.jpg/268px-Gfp-michigan-porcupine-mountains-state-park-forest.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gfp-michigan-porcupine-mountains-state-park-forest.jpg/402px-Gfp-michigan-porcupine-mountains-state-park-forest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gfp-michigan-porcupine-mountains-state-park-forest.jpg/536px-Gfp-michigan-porcupine-mountains-state-park-forest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3394" data-file-height="2241" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainy_Day,_Duluth_(15414777425).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rainy_Day%2C_Duluth_%2815414777425%29.jpg/124px-Rainy_Day%2C_Duluth_%2815414777425%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rainy_Day%2C_Duluth_%2815414777425%29.jpg/186px-Rainy_Day%2C_Duluth_%2815414777425%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Rainy_Day%2C_Duluth_%2815414777425%29.jpg/248px-Rainy_Day%2C_Duluth_%2815414777425%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="1793" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arcola-high-bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Arcola-high-bridge.jpg/140px-Arcola-high-bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Arcola-high-bridge.jpg/210px-Arcola-high-bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Arcola-high-bridge.jpg/280px-Arcola-high-bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaver_Creek_Bridge_in_Wind_Cave_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Beaver_Creek_Bridge_in_Wind_Cave_National_Park.jpg/121px-Beaver_Creek_Bridge_in_Wind_Cave_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Beaver_Creek_Bridge_in_Wind_Cave_National_Park.jpg/182px-Beaver_Creek_Bridge_in_Wind_Cave_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Beaver_Creek_Bridge_in_Wind_Cave_National_Park.jpg/242px-Beaver_Creek_Bridge_in_Wind_Cave_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4799" data-file-height="3789" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="border:1;;height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_Clouds_over_Yellow_Prairie2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Cumulus_Clouds_over_Yellow_Prairie2.jpg/143px-Cumulus_Clouds_over_Yellow_Prairie2.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Cumulus_Clouds_over_Yellow_Prairie2.jpg/215px-Cumulus_Clouds_over_Yellow_Prairie2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Cumulus_Clouds_over_Yellow_Prairie2.jpg/286px-Cumulus_Clouds_over_Yellow_Prairie2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_Upper_Midwest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with the Upper Midwest highlighted (as defined by the National Weather Service)"><img alt="Map of the United States with the Upper Midwest highlighted (as defined by the National Weather Service)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Map_of_USA_Upper_Midwest.svg/250px-Map_of_USA_Upper_Midwest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Map_of_USA_Upper_Midwest.svg/375px-Map_of_USA_Upper_Midwest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Map_of_USA_Upper_Midwest.svg/500px-Map_of_USA_Upper_Midwest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="184" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with the Upper Midwest highlighted (as defined by the National Weather Service)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Upper Midwesterner</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Upper Midwest</b> is a northern subregion of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>. Although the exact boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon, the region is usually defined to include the states of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>; some definitions include <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information" title="National Centers for Environmental Information">National Centers for Environmental Information</a> considers the Upper Midwest climate region to include Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> uses two different Upper Midwest regions: </p> <ul><li>The USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center considers it to be the six states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, which comprise the watersheds of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippi_River" title="Upper Mississippi River">Upper Mississippi River</a> and upper <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The USGS Mineral Resources Program considers the area to contain Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The Association for Institutional Research in the Upper Midwest includes the states of Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin and the upper peninsula of Michigan in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, the Upper Midwest includes the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-locmw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locmw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has dramatic variations between summer and winter temperatures; summers are hot; and winters are very cold. For example, <a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a> averages 25 days each year with temperatures above 90 °F (32 °C) and 45 days each year with temperatures below 5 °F (−15 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mitchell,_South_Dakota" title="Mitchell, South Dakota">Mitchell, South Dakota</a> has a record high of 116 °F (47 °C) and a record low of −39 °F (−39 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The growing season is shorter, cooler and drier in areas farther north and west. The region's western boundary is sometimes considered to be determined by where the climate becomes too dry to support growing non-irrigated crops other than small grains or hay grass.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland Northern American English</a> and <a href="/wiki/North-Central_American_English" title="North-Central American English">North-Central American English</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland North dialect</a>, most prominently characterized by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cities_Vowel_Shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cities Vowel Shift">Northern Cities Vowel Shift</a>, is centered in the eastern part of the Upper Midwest, including Wisconsin, Michigan and the northern parts of Illinois and Ohio; it extends beyond the Midwest into <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_Central_American_English" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central American English">North Central American English</a> (also known as "Upper Midwestern"<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), an accent of <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> defined more by the absence of certain features than their presence, is spoken in Minnesota, parts of Wisconsin and Iowa, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula of Michigan</a>, portions of <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Dakotas" title="The Dakotas">the Dakotas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Labov_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Labov-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republican_Schoolhouse,_Second_and_Elm_Streets,_Ripon,_Fond_du_Lac_County,_WI_HABS_WIS,20-RIPO,1-1.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Republican_Schoolhouse%2C_Second_and_Elm_Streets%2C_Ripon%2C_Fond_du_Lac_County%2C_WI_HABS_WIS%2C20-RIPO%2C1-1.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Republican_Schoolhouse%2C_Second_and_Elm_Streets%2C_Ripon%2C_Fond_du_Lac_County%2C_WI_HABS_WIS%2C20-RIPO%2C1-1.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Republican_Schoolhouse%2C_Second_and_Elm_Streets%2C_Ripon%2C_Fond_du_Lac_County%2C_WI_HABS_WIS%2C20-RIPO%2C1-1.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Republican_Schoolhouse%2C_Second_and_Elm_Streets%2C_Ripon%2C_Fond_du_Lac_County%2C_WI_HABS_WIS%2C20-RIPO%2C1-1.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Republican_Schoolhouse%2C_Second_and_Elm_Streets%2C_Ripon%2C_Fond_du_Lac_County%2C_WI_HABS_WIS%2C20-RIPO%2C1-1.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Republican_Schoolhouse%2C_Second_and_Elm_Streets%2C_Ripon%2C_Fond_du_Lac_County%2C_WI_HABS_WIS%2C20-RIPO%2C1-1.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3566" /></a><figcaption>The upper Midwest, practically <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, was the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>. (An old photo of the <a href="/wiki/Little_White_Schoolhouse" title="Little White Schoolhouse">Little White Schoolhouse</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Upper Midwest in the 20th-century was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> and was the heartland of the early <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressive movement</a>, the region supporting <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt's</a> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912%E2%80%931920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912–1920)">Bull Moose party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert La Follette's</a> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive party</a>. The region continues to be favorable to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> and moderate Republicans, with Minnesota favoring each Democratic presidential candidate since 1976 and Wisconsin from 1988 to 2012 (and again in 2020). Minnesota narrowly supported native <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> in <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a> in an election where <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> won every other state. Michigan and Illinois also often favor Democratic candidates. However, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_elections" title="2010 United States elections">2010 midterm elections</a>, Republicans experienced substantial gains in state legislative and executive offices in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trend continued through 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2018, Democrats regained some control of the region. With Upper Midwest states closest to the Great Lakes favoring Democrats, and Democratic state trifecta governments forming in Minnesota and Michigan in 2022. Great Plains states in the region continue to favor Republicans, with GOP state trifecta governments in the Dakota's and Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the region had three Democratic governors (in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin) and three Republican governors (in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Iowa). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> won the electoral votes of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_(U.S._politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue wall (U.S. politics)">Blue Wall</a> states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. Republican <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> won the electoral votes of Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each state elects two <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">U.S. senators</a> to a six-year term. After the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2020 United States Senate elections">November 2020 election</a>, Minnesota and Michigan had two <a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Democratic senators</a>, while North Dakota, South Dakota and Iowa had two <a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference" title="Senate Republican Conference">Republican senators</a>. Wisconsin is the only state in the Upper Midwest that has elected one Republican and one Democratic senator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry_and_tourism">Industry and tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industry and tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a></div> <p>The economy of the region was largely based upon the mining of iron and copper, as well as a very large timber industry. Mechanization has sharply reduced employment in those areas, and the economy is increasingly based on tourism. Popular interest in the environment and environmentalism, added to traditional interests in hunting and fishing, has attracted a large urban audience who live within driving range.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Dakota_harvest_field-LCCN2008678244.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/South_Dakota_harvest_field-LCCN2008678244.tif/lossy-page1-220px-South_Dakota_harvest_field-LCCN2008678244.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/South_Dakota_harvest_field-LCCN2008678244.tif/lossy-page1-330px-South_Dakota_harvest_field-LCCN2008678244.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/South_Dakota_harvest_field-LCCN2008678244.tif/lossy-page1-440px-South_Dakota_harvest_field-LCCN2008678244.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7367" data-file-height="5594" /></a><figcaption>A harvest in <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, 1898, <a href="/wiki/Corn_Belt" title="Corn Belt">Corn Belt</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a> reported that corn, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a> crops saw <a href="/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">harvest</a> gains in 2018, but were still below the five-year averages. In North Dakota, for example, 49% of corn was harvested by November 4 compared with the five-year average of 97%. This was in part due to weather conditions in October that affected the harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana (New France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tier_(United_States)" title="Northern Tier (United States)">Northern Tier (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_meridian_west#United_States" title="100th meridian west">100th meridian west</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouxland" title="Siouxland">Siouxland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Mixed_Forest_Province" title="Laurentian Mixed Forest Province">Northwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a></li> <li>Culture: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Iowa">Culture of Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Michigan">Culture of Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Minnesota" title="Culture of Minnesota">Culture of Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of North Dakota">Culture of North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Dakota" title="Culture of South Dakota">Culture of South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Wisconsin">Culture of Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFC_North" title="NFC North">NFC North</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> division encompassing three of the four teams in the region</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSG+Knowledge+Center&rft.atitle=GOP+continues+to+gain+more+legislative+seats%2C+control+in+Midwest+states&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowledgecenter.csg.org%2Fkc%2Fcontent%2Fgop-continues-gain-more-legislative-seats-control-midwest-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Midwest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnten2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Enten" title="Harry Enten">Enten, Harry</a> (9 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/its-not-all-about-clinton-the-midwest-was-getting-redder-before-2016/">"It's Not All About Clinton – The Midwest Was Getting Redder Before 2016"</a>. <i>FiveThirtyEight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=It%27s+Not+All+About+Clinton+%E2%80%93+The+Midwest+Was+Getting+Redder+Before+2016&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft.aulast=Enten&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Fits-not-all-about-clinton-the-midwest-was-getting-redder-before-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Midwest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_government_trifectas">"State government trifectas"</a>. <i>Ballotpedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ballotpedia&rft.atitle=State+government+trifectas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.org%2FState_government_trifectas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Midwest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberta" class="citation web cs1">Alberta, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/11/04/three-reasons-biden-flipped-the-midwest-434114">"Three Reasons Biden Flipped the Midwest"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Three+Reasons+Biden+Flipped+the+Midwest&rft.aulast=Alberta&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2020%2F11%2F04%2Fthree-reasons-biden-flipped-the-midwest-434114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Midwest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2015" class="citation book cs1">Shapiro, Aaron (2015). <i>The Lure of the North Woods: Cultivating Tourism in the Upper Midwest</i>. University of Minnesota Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lure+of+the+North+Woods%3A+Cultivating+Tourism+in+the+Upper+Midwest&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Midwest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnutson2018" class="citation web cs1">Knutson, Jonathan Staff (7 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agweek.com/business/agriculture/4526070-making-progress-crop-harvest-upper-midwest-pace-still-trails-five-year">"Making progress on crop harvest, but Upper Midwest pace still..."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Week" title="Agriculture Week">Agriculture Week</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agriculture+Week&rft.atitle=Making+progress+on+crop+harvest%2C+but+Upper+Midwest+pace+still...&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft.aulast=Knutson&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agweek.com%2Fbusiness%2Fagriculture%2F4526070-making-progress-crop-harvest-upper-midwest-pace-still-trails-five-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Midwest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Midwest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/umhtml/umessay5.html">The History of the Upper Midwest: An Overview</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umesc.usgs.gov/umesc_home.html">USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/mwinfo/">U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Upper Midwest Mineral Resources Program</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Midwestern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template talk:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this 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<li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History</a></li> <li>Sports</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northern Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">West North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="#Cultural_overlap">Southern Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">State capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_United_States" 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal domestic dependent nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty#Maritime_territory_of_the_United_States" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Maritime territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_Time_Zone" title="Chamorro Time Zone">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_Time_Zone" title="Samoa Time Zone">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%E2%80%93Aleutian_Time_Zone" title="Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone">Hawaii–Aleutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Time_Zone" title="Alaska Time Zone">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific states">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">E N Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">W N Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Middle Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_states" title="South Atlantic states">S Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_South_Central_states" title="East South Central states">E S Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">W S Central</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of<br />appeals</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physiographic_regions_of_the_United_States" title="Physiographic regions of the United States">Physiographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Ranges" title="Pacific Coast Ranges">Pacific Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermontane_Plateaus" title="Intermontane Plateaus">Intermontane Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Upland" title="Laurentian Upland">Laurentian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Plains" title="Interior Plains">Interior Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Interior_Highlands" title="U.S. Interior Highlands">Interior Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Highlands" title="Appalachian Highlands">Appalachian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Plain" title="Atlantic Plain">Atlantic Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_(region)" title="Tidewater (region)">Tidewater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_coastline" title="List of U.S. states and territories by coastline">Coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_the_United_States" title="Historical regions of the United States">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Acquisitions</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" title="Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Texas annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Resolution" title="Newlands Resolution">Newlands Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Tutuila" title="Treaty of Cession of Tutuila">Cession of Tutuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Manu%27a" title="Treaty of Cession of Manu'a">Cession of Manu'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Enabling_Act" title="Oklahoma Enabling Act">Annexation of the Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Treaty of the Danish West Indies">Treaty of the Danish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands#United_Nations_trusteeship" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_South" title="Old South">Old South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie" title="Dixie">Dixie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">Slave states and free states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divided</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Northeast" title="Atlantic Northeast">Atlantic Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">The Californias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Pothole_Region" title="Prairie Pothole Region">Prairie Pothole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermountain_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermountain states">Intermountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_border_states_of_the_United_States" title="International border states of the United States">International border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_(bioregion)" title="Cascadia (bioregion)">Cascadia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-South_(region)" title="Mid-South (region)">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South" title="New South">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland_South" title="Upland South">Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Upper Midwest</a></li></ul> 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