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<span>Political influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_and_demographic_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_and_demographic_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cultural and demographic influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_and_demographic_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Paraguayan Jews<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יהודים בפרגוואי</span>‎</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PRY_orthographic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PRY_orthographic.svg/220px-PRY_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PRY_orthographic.svg/330px-PRY_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PRY_orthographic.svg/440px-PRY_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location of Paraguay in South America</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>1,000</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Judaism</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentine Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazilian Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:180%;"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God in Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">names</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Principles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvot</a> (<a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_the_Land_of_Israel_in_Judaism" title="Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism"><span class="wrap">Land of Israel</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah"><span class="wrap">Bar and bat mitzvah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal teshuva movement">Baal teshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_custom)" title="Nusach (Jewish custom)">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yosef_(book)" title="Beit Yosef (book)">Beit Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_Judea" title="Timeline of the name Judea">Name "Judea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Jewish_historiography" title="Modern Jewish historiography">Modern historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population" title="Historical Jewish population">Historical population comparisons</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah"><span class="wrap">Kingdom of Judah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">in Judaism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">timeline</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem"><span class="wrap">Temple in Jerusalem</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity"><span class="wrap">Assyrian captivity</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity"><span class="wrap">Babylonian captivity</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty"><span class="wrap">Hasmonean dynasty</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicarii" title="Sicarii">Sicarii</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">Great Revolt</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba</a></span>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_period" title="Rabbinic period">Rabbinic period</a> and Middle Ages</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Christianity and Judaism</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Hinduism and Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Islamic–Jewish</span> relations</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of European Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain" title="Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain">Golden Age</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Modern era</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbateans" title="Sabbateans">Sabbateans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Jewish atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Jews in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Arab–Israeli</span> conflict</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Communities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Litvak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Juhurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romanyotim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Bnei Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marranos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xueta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Mosaic Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbotniks" title="Subbotniks">Subbotniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahides</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_by_country" title="Judaism by country">Judaism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population_by_country" title="Historical Jewish population by country">Historical population by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_of_Jews" title="Genetic studies of Jews">Genetic studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">New Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Africa" title="History of the Jews in Africa">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Angola" title="History of the Jews in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Bilad_el-Sudan" title="Jews of Bilad el-Sudan">Bilad-el-Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Botswana" title="History of the Jews in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cameroon" title="History of the Jews in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cape_Verde" title="History of the Jews in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Benin" title="History of the Jews in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Djibouti" title="History of the Jews in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ethiopia" title="History of the Jews in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eritrea" title="History of the Jews in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eswatini" title="History of the Jews in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gabon" title="History of the Jews in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Gambia" title="History of the Jews in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ghana" title="History of the Jews in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea" title="History of the Jews in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of the Jews in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ivory_Coast" title="History of the Jews in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malawi" title="History of the Jews in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mali" title="History of the Jews in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mauritius" title="History of the Jews in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moroccan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moroccan Jews">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mozambique" title="History of the Jews in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Namibia" title="History of the Jews in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nigeria" title="History of the Jews in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="History of the Jews in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sierra_Leone" title="History of the Jews in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa"><span class="wrap">South Africa</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sudan" title="History of the Jews in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tanzania" title="History of the Jews in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia" title="History of the Jews in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uganda" title="History of the Jews in Uganda">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abayudaya" title="Abayudaya">Abayudaya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zambia" title="History of the Jews in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zimbabwe" title="History of the Jews in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Asia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cambodia" title="History of the Jews in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India" title="History of the Jews in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Indonesia" title="History of the Jews in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jordan" title="History of the Jews in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kazakhstan" title="History of the Jews in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kuwait" title="History of the Jews in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lebanon" title="History of the Jews in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malaysia" title="History of the Jews in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mongolia" title="History of the Jews in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Myanmar" title="History of the Jews in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Nepal" title="Judaism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oman" title="History of the Jews in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Pakistan" title="History of the Jews in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Philippines" title="History of the Jews in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Qatar" title="History of the Jews in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the Jews in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Korea" title="History of the Jews in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore" title="History of the Jews in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sri_Lanka" title="History of the Jews in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Syria" title="History of the Jews in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tajikistan" title="History of the Jews in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thailand" title="History of the Jews in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the Jews in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uzbekistan" title="History of the Jews in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe" title="History of the Jews in Europe">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belarus" title="History of the Jews in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bulgaria" title="History of the Jews in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cyprus" title="History of the Jews in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Czech_lands" title="History of the Jews in the Czech lands">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark" title="History of the Jews in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Estonia" title="History of the Jews in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Finland" title="History of the Jews in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia" title="History of the Jews in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Moldova" title="History of the Jews in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Jews in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Norway" title="History of the Jews in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain" title="History of the Jews in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the Jews in the United Kingdom"><span class="wrap">United Kingdom</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Northern America</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Greenland" title="Jews in Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and Caribbean</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic"><span class="wrap">Dominican Republic</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica" title="History of the Jews in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico"><span class="wrap">Puerto Rico</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Australia" title="History of the Jews in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Fiji" title="History of the Jews in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam" title="History of the Jews in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Palau" title="History of the Jews in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Denominations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism"><span class="wrap">Reform</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Customs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Shidduch</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism"><span class="wrap">Conversion to Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">Hiloni</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Secular</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Jewish_art" title="Ancient Jewish art">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_theatre" title="Yiddish theatre">Yiddish theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_humor" title="Jewish humor">Humour</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine#Ashkenazi" title="Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_literature" title="Yiddish literature">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_literature" title="Jewish American literature">American</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iranian_languages" title="Judeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Ghardaïa Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judeo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic dialects">Judeo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Paraguayan_War_1864-1870.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A This map illustrates the land that Paraguay lost during the Triple Alliance war against Brazil and Uruguay." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Map_of_the_Paraguayan_War_1864-1870.png/297px-Map_of_the_Paraguayan_War_1864-1870.png" decoding="async" width="297" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Map_of_the_Paraguayan_War_1864-1870.png/446px-Map_of_the_Paraguayan_War_1864-1870.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Map_of_the_Paraguayan_War_1864-1870.png/594px-Map_of_the_Paraguayan_War_1864-1870.png 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1933" /></a><figcaption>This illustrates the land that Paraguay lost during the Triple Alliance War against Uruguay and Brazil </figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>history of the Jews in Paraguay</b> has been characterised by migration of Jewish people, mainly from European countries, to the South American nation, and has resulted in the Jewish Paraguayan community numbering 1,000 today.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Migration began primarily from Europe in the late 19th century, where the first waves of Jewish immigrants to Paraguay came from countries such as France and Italy. <sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was largely a result of liberal immigration policies after the 1870 Triple Alliance Conflict depleted Paraguay's population. <sup id="cite_ref-:13_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1920s, Jews from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> arrived in Paraguay, and in the 1930s there was a wave of mass immigration of approximately 20,000 Jews from Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish immigration to Paraguay increased during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, as many sought temporary refuge in the nation before attempting to seek entry into neighbouring countries, such as Argentina and Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following World War II, Israel and Paraguay opened diplomatic relations in 1949, however in 1970, the Israeli Embassy in <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a> was attacked. This event was largely attributable to the Arab-Israeli conflict, which had a profound impact on the Paraguayan Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jewish community, who mostly reside in the capital <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>, has ultimately had a significant influence on the Paraguayan community, both culturally and politically. There have been various political disagreements between the Paraguayan Jewish community and Israel, which have affected Paraguayan-Israel relations.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of cultural influence, the Jewish Paraguayan community has established various synagogues in Asunción.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, various literature and films have been created to depict Jewish European immigration to Paraguayan, many of them made since 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Migration_history_overview">Migration history overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Migration history overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 19th century, Jewish immigrants arrived in Paraguay from European countries such as Italy and France. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Jews from Palestine (Jerusalem), Egypt and Turkey arrived in Paraguay, mostly <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, there was a second wave of immigrants from Ukraine and Poland. Between 1933 and 1939, Jews from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia took advantage of Paraguay's liberal immigration laws to escape from Nazi-occupied Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, most Jews that arrived in Paraguay were survivors of concentration camps. In the 1960s, approximately 40,000 Germans and their descendants, a majority of whom were <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> supporters and some of whom were prominent Nazi figures, were temporarily living in Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-bh.org.il_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh.org.il-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, infamous Nazi doctor <a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a> also temporarily lived in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-bh.org.il_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh.org.il-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the majority of the Paraguayan Jewish community is of <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> background.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Jewish_arrivals_-_late_nineteenth_century_immigration">First Jewish arrivals - late nineteenth century immigration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Jewish arrivals - late nineteenth century immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paraguay has been a long-time supporter of Jewish people and their rights. In 1881, Paraguayan media published news about the persecution of Jewish people in Europe, raising awareness of widespread discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paraguay has also had a liberal immigration policy since the 1870s, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>, also known as the Triple Alliance Conflict. The war of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870) was waged by Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay against Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British government supported the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Triple_Alliance" title="Treaty of the Triple Alliance">allies</a> in this war with economic and military resources. By the war's conclusion in 1870, Paraguay's political and economic framework was significantly weakened. Its strength as an independent nation was also severely impacted as it permanently lost territory around the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco" title="Gran Chaco">Gran Chaco</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the conflict resulted in two-thirds of Paraguay's citizens perishing.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, after peace was attained, in order to encourage immigration and recover from large population losses, the Paraguayan government created a clause in their <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Paraguay#Constitution_of_1870" title="Constitution of Paraguay">1870 Constitution</a> that offered religious freedom in the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These factors, specifically the country's liberal immigration policy and 1870 constitution clause, culminated in an increase in Jews seeking refuge in Paraguay. As such, in the 1890s, Jewish people emigrated initially from France and Italy to seek temporary or permanent residency in Paraguay, seeing an opportunity to escape discrimination in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paraguay has historically acted as a temporary destination for many Jewish migrants seeking to gain entry into other South American nations, such as Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. This was due to stricter immigration policies in these neighbouring countries during the 19th century, which caused some Jewish immigrants to permanently remain in Paraguay and as a result, they established a community in its capital, <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was unlike other immigration patterns within South America, such as in Argentina and Brazil, where a majority of Jewish migrants worked in rural areas and in agricultural colonies, rather than in cities. <sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_immigration">World War immigration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_and_Interwar_Period">World War I and Interwar Period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War I and Interwar Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paraguay continued with its liberal immigration policies during and after World War I. It is estimated between 15,000 and 20,000 Jewish people from Poland, Ukraine, Germany and Czechoslovakia temporarily sought refuge in Paraguay during World War I and throughout the early 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jewish people who did immigrate to countries within South America, and in particular Paraguay, were of a lower socio-economic status.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jews</a> chose to migrate to Latin America in higher numbers than <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a>, whose community preferred to immigrate to the United States and Canada. The Jews who migrated to Paraguay and other South American countries during the early 20th century were mainly Sephardic Jews from Europe and Palestine (Jerusalem) as well as Turkey. They chose to immigrate for reasons of discrimination within their own homelands, but also to escape military conscription.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another contributing factor that encouraged migration to Paraguay were the lower barriers to entry compared to, for instance, North America and neighbouring South American countries. For instance, Paraguay did not require immigrants to have visas, and granted them free work permits.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rapid influx of Jewish refugees into Paraguay during the early 20th century was also related to quotas on immigration during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, which were enforced by Dominion governments and forced Jewish immigrants to seek refuge elsewhere. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> admitted only 25,000 Jewish immigrants between 1921 and 1931, compared to 120,000 between 1891 and 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This caused many Jewish refugees to seek temporary and permanent refuge in South American countries, such as Paraguay. </p><p>During the interwar period, permanent Jewish immigration to Paraguay was lower compared to other South American countries, such as Argentina, which had 210,000 Jewish residents by 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is largely because Paraguay lacked infrastructure and political stability, and thus was not the first preference for many Jewish immigrants seeking permanent refuge.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Paraguay" title="Category:History of Paraguay">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Paraguay" title="History of Paraguay">History of <span class="fn org label">Paraguay</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_091-PARAQVARIA_Vulgo_PARAGUAY,_Cum_adjacentibus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="PARAQVARIA Vulgo PARAGUAY, from Atlas Van der Hagen"><img alt="PARAQVARIA Vulgo PARAGUAY, from Atlas Van der Hagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_091-PARAQVARIA_Vulgo_PARAGUAY%2C_Cum_adjacentibus.jpeg/150px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_091-PARAQVARIA_Vulgo_PARAGUAY%2C_Cum_adjacentibus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_091-PARAQVARIA_Vulgo_PARAGUAY%2C_Cum_adjacentibus.jpeg/225px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_091-PARAQVARIA_Vulgo_PARAGUAY%2C_Cum_adjacentibus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_091-PARAQVARIA_Vulgo_PARAGUAY%2C_Cum_adjacentibus.jpeg/300px-Atlas_Van_der_Hagen-KW1049B13_091-PARAQVARIA_Vulgo_PARAGUAY%2C_Cum_adjacentibus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4458" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the history of Paraguay">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay" title="Indigenous peoples in Paraguay">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit reduction">Jesuit reductions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Paraguay" title="Independence of Paraguay">Independence of Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gaspar_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Francia" title="José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia">Francia Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Paraguay#The_first_Colorado_era" title="History of Paraguay">Colorado Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Paraguay)" title="Liberal Party (Paraguay)">Liberal Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higinio_Mor%C3%AD%C3%B1igo" class="mw-redirect" title="Higinio Moríñigo">Moríñigo Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Paraguayan coup d'état">1954 coup d'etat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_Alfredo_Stroessner" title="Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner">Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Paraguayan coup d'état">1989 coup d'etat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Paraguayan coup d'état attempt">1996 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marzo_paraguayo" title="Marzo paraguayo">Marzo paraguayo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Paraguayan coup d'état attempt">2000 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Paraguay#Modern_Paraguay" title="History of Paraguay">Modern Period</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/16px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/24px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/32px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Paraguay" title="Portal:Paraguay">Paraguay portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Paraguay" title="Template:History of Paraguay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Paraguay" title="Template talk:History of Paraguay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Paraguay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Paraguay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power in Germany. The regime held strong anti-Semitic, driven by an ideology that regarded Jewish people as 'enemies against the state'. There were exclusionary policies along with pogroms, such as <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a> – a Nazi-organised riot in 1938, which had the aim of expelling Jews. The Nazis also used extermination camps, such as <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a>, between 1941 and 1942, to intern and torture Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prompted mass migration of Jews out of Europe, which meant that by 1942 there were 3,000 Jewish immigrants who had permanently settled in Paraguay, an increase from 1,200 in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Jewish people sought both permanent and temporary refuge in Paraguay as countries such as Argentina and Brazil had tightened immigration restrictions. For instance, Argentina accepted 2,221 Jewish immigrants between 1939 and 1941. However, it is estimated that approximately 8,270 Jews entered the country illegally.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these individuals had obtained Paraguayan visas and had then illegally crossed the border into Argentina. However, not all Jewish immigrants who sought asylum in Paraguay were granted citizenship or a visa. For example, Polish Jews fleeing to Brazil in 1940 a boat called the 'Cabo de Hornos' were refused entry due to tightened immigration restrictions. <sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then sought refuge in Paraguay but were denied entry due to administrative errors. This group of would-be Jewish immigrants returned to Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further deterrent for Jewish immigrants at this time was the influence of the Paraguayan <a href="/wiki/Fernheim_Colony" title="Fernheim Colony">Fernheim Colony</a>, composed of 2,000 German Mennonites. The Fernheim Mennonites supported the Nazi regime, anti-Semitism and saw the Jewish Paraguayan community as a threat to their faith.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a>, the Nazi physician, is thought to have originally sought refuge with this Mennonite community after he fled to Paraguay following World War II. Another Paraguayan Mennonite settlement, Menno Colony, founded in Paraguay in 1870, numbered 1,800 members and was less aligned with the Nazi regime's ideologies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the World War II period, intellectuals and political personalities within the Paraguayan Jewish community published commentaries and created local newspapers supporting <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> and raised awareness of the discrimination against Jewish people in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, during 1942, Paraguay's government implemented greater constraints against German citizens and sympathisers within Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due to a report released that year by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI), that identified Paraguay and other Latin American nations as a hotspot for Nazi activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, Paraguay monitored German citizens living within their nation. They also prohibited the wearing of German uniforms or any forms of Nazi symbols. These actions were taken to adhere to the demands of the United States government, ultimately, in order to secure a loan.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these actions taken by the government also benefitted the Paraguayan Jewish community. As a result of this activism and support of a Jewish state, the first diplomatic representative of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> arrived in Paraguay in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twentieth-century_political_disputes">Twentieth-century political disputes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Twentieth-century political disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Paraguayan Jewish community was impacted by the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli tensions</a> during the 20th century. On 4 May 1970, a day after a ceremony was held by the Jewish Paraguayan community in Asunción to honour the victims of Nazis, a shooting occurred at the Israeli embassy in Asunción.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Jewish Paraguayan employee of the embassy was killed, and another injured. The two Palestinian assailants fled, with media and the Israeli ambassador labelling the shooting 'an attack against Israel'.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Jewish Representative Council in Paraguay condemned the attempt to transfer 'struggling Arab and Israel relations' onto the Paraguayan Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Paraguayan Jewish Council did not wish to affiliate the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Arab-Israeli conflict</a> with Paraguayan Jews, stating it could affect their independence and ability to act as their own neutral Jewish state.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_influence_in_Paraguay">Jewish influence in Paraguay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jewish influence in Paraguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_influence">Political influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Political influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, Paraguay became the second country in the world to move its Israeli embassy to Jerusalem. However, that year there was a change in presidency in Paraguay from <a href="/wiki/Horacio_Cartes" title="Horacio Cartes">Horacio Cartes</a> to Mario Benitez, and the embassy was reinstated to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to Israel closing its embassy in Paraguay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_and_demographic_influence">Cultural and demographic influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultural and demographic influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1917, the first <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a> was established in Asunción by the Jewish Paraguayan community. Currently there are three synagogues in Paraguay, all located in its capital of Asunción. The synagogues are for the Ashkenazi, Sephardi and <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> communities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statistics as of 2019 indicate that of the 6.9 million Paraguayans, there are approximately 1,000 Jewish citizens, known as the 'core Jewish population' – with both parents of Jewish heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also approximately 300 Paraguayans with one parent who is Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A majority of the Jewish citizens in Paraguay are Ashkenazi and live in the capital of Asunción.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of Jewish Paraguayans has decreased since 1967, when there were 1,200 core Jewish Paraguayans.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decline in the core Jewish population is largely a result of emigration by members of the Jewish Paraguayan community. From 1948 to 2016, a total of 34 people have made <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a> to Israel. Additionally, a further nine individuals migrated back to Israel in 2017, followed by eight more in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paraguayan Jews have had a significant influence on the domestic and international film industry. The 2019 film <i>Passports to Paraguay</i> depicted the migration of Jews out of Europe during the 1940s who were seeking refuge in South American countries such as Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literature has also been written to depict the journey of European Jews to Paraguay. 'Barrio Palestina' by Susana Gertopan, 2005, narrates the story of a Polish Jewish family who emigrated to Paraguay during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel highlights how many Jewish people first attempted to seek refuge in Argentina, particularly Buenos Aires, but eventually found themselves in Paraguay due to Argentina's strict immigration restrictions. </p><p>The Paraguayan Jewish community has also influenced education within Paraguay. After migration to Paraguay, specifically during World War II, Jewish immigrants faced socio-economic difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, greater educational opportunities during the late 1950s allowed for upward mobility. This transformed the Paraguayan Jewish community into a middle and upper-middle class demographic.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of increased educational opportunities after World War II was the Jewish Paraguayan School, <i>Escuela Integral Estado de Israel</i>, which opened in 1959. Since then, it has provided an education based on Jewish values and teachings and was restructured in 2009 to accept enrolments from all Paraguayan students.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  It is estimated that approximately 70 per cent of the Jewish children within Paraguay attend this school.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/32px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/48px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/64px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Paraguay" title="Portal:Paraguay">Paraguay portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Immigration to Paraguay">Immigration to Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Paraguay" title="Religion in Paraguay">Religion in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCongreso_Judío_Latinoamericano" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Congreso Judío Latinoamericano. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103215256/http://www.congresojudio.org.ar/comunidades_detalle.php?id=18">"Comunidades judías: Paraguay"</a> (in Spanish). 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Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with the Institute of Jewish Affairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-10532-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-10532-8"><bdi>978-1-349-10532-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/679345620">679345620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+communities+of+the+world+%3A+a+contemporary+guide.&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Macmillan+in+association+with+the+Institute+of+Jewish+Affairs&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F679345620&rft.isbn=978-1-349-10532-8&rft.aulast=Lerman&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F679345620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Paraguay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoniger2010" class="citation journal cs1">Roniger, Luis (1 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14725886.2010.486532">"Latin American Jews and Processes of Transnational Legitimization and De-Legitimization"</a>. <i>Journal of Modern Jewish Studies</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 185–207. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14725886.2010.486532">10.1080/14725886.2010.486532</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1472-5886">1472-5886</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144404139">144404139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+Jewish+Studies&rft.atitle=Latin+American+Jews+and+Processes+of+Transnational+Legitimization+and+De-Legitimization&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-207&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144404139%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1472-5886&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14725886.2010.486532&rft.aulast=Roniger&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F14725886.2010.486532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Paraguay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipn.gov.pl/en/news/3168,Passports-to-Paraguay-in-Jerusalem-15-December-2019.html?sid=37f5c09a8cdeadc5a4dd724cb7849384">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Passports to Paraguay" in Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Institute of National Remembrance</i>. 14 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+National+Remembrance&rft.atitle=%22Passports+to+Paraguay%22+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2019-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipn.gov.pl%2Fen%2Fnews%2F3168%2CPassports-to-Paraguay-in-Jerusalem-15-December-2019.html%3Fsid%3D37f5c09a8cdeadc5a4dd724cb7849384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Paraguay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_Alfredo_Stroessner" title="Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner">Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1989 Paraguayan coup d'état">1989 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Paraguayan coup d'état attempt">1996 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marzo_paraguayo" title="Marzo paraguayo">Marzo paraguayo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Paraguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Paraguayan coup d'état attempt">2000 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Fernando_Lugo" title="Impeachment of Fernando Lugo">2012 political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Paraguayan_crisis" title="2017 Paraguayan crisis">2017 political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 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class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Paraguay">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Paraguay" title="Climate of Paraguay">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Paraguay" title="Environmental issues in Paraguay">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Fauna of Paraguay">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Flora of Paraguay">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Paraguay" title="List of national parks of Paraguay">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Protected areas of Paraguay">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Paraguay" title="Category:World Heritage Sites in Paraguay">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Paraguay" title="Politics of Paraguay">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Paraguay">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paraguay" title="Congress of Paraguay">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Paraguay" title="Elections in Paraguay">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Paraguay" title="Foreign relations of Paraguay">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Paraguay" title="Armed Forces of Paraguay">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Paraguay" title="List of political parties in Paraguay">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Paraguay" title="President of Paraguay">Presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Legal system and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Code_of_Paraguay" title="Civil Code of Paraguay">Civil Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Paraguay" title="Constitution of Paraguay">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Paraguay" title="Human rights in Paraguay">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Paraguay" title="Abortion in Paraguay">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Paraguay">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Paraguay" title="Law enforcement in Paraguay">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_nationality_law" title="Paraguayan nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_of_Paraguay" title="Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Paraguay" title="Economy of Paraguay">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Paraguay" title="Agriculture in Paraguay">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Companies of Paraguay">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotourism_in_Paraguay" title="Ecotourism in Paraguay">Ecotourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Paraguay" title="Energy in Paraguay">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Paraguay" title="Central Bank of Paraguay">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_guaran%C3%AD" title="Paraguayan guaraní">Guaraní <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_Paraguay" title="Category:Science and technology in Paraguay">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_de_Valores_y_Productos_de_Asunci%C3%B3n_(BVPASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolsa de Valores y Productos de Asunción (BVPASA)">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Paraguay" title="Telecommunications in Paraguay">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Paraguay" title="Transport in Paraguay">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Society of Paraguay">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Paraguay" title="Demographics of Paraguay">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Paraguay" title="Education in Paraguay">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Paraguay" title="Health in Paraguay">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Paraguay" title="Crime in Paraguay">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Immigration to Paraguay">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay" title="Indigenous peoples in Paraguay">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Languages of Paraguay">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Paraguay">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paraguayans" title="List of Paraguayans">List of Paraguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Paraguay" title="Women in Paraguay">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Paraguay" title="Religion in Paraguay">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Paraguay" title="Freedom of religion in Paraguay">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Paraguay" title="Baháʼí Faith in Paraguay">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Paraguay" title="Catholic Church in Paraguay">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Paraguay" title="Islam in Paraguay">Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Paraguay" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Paraguay">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Paraguay" title="Mennonites in Paraguay">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_La_Muerte" title="San La Muerte">San La Muerte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Paraguay" title="Culture of Paraguay">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguayan literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Paraguay">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Paraguay" title="Public holidays in Paraguay">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Paraguay" title="Sport in Paraguay">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Paraguay" title="Category:National symbols of Paraguay">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_National_Anthem" title="Paraguayan National Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Paraguay" title="Coat of arms of Paraguay">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Paraguay" title="Flag of Paraguay">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Paraguay" title="Tourism in Paraguay">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Paraguay" title="Outline of Paraguay">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Paraguay-related_articles" title="Index of Paraguay-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Paraguay" title="Bibliography of Paraguay">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paraguay" title="Category:Paraguay">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Paraguay" title="Portal:Paraguay">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the Jews in the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Barbados" title="History of the Jews in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Jews in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Honduras" title="History of the Jews in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica" title="History of the Jews in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nicaragua" title="History of the Jews in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Panama" title="History of the Jews in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Aruba" title="History of the Jews in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="History of the Jews in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Falkland_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Falkland Islands (page does not exist)">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sint_Maarten" title="History of the Jews in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Caribbean (page does not exist)">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in South America (page does not exist)">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Jews_in_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Jews_in_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the Jews in South America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Falkland_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Falkland Islands (page does not exist)">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Paraguay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" title="Template talk:Ancestry and ethnicity in Paraguay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" 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title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay" title="Indigenous peoples in Paraguay">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ach%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aché people">Aché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angait%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Angaité people">Angaité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayoreo people">Ayoreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamacoco" title="Chamacoco">Chamacoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choroti" class="mw-redirect" title="Choroti">Choroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enxet_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Enxet people">Enxet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaycuru_peoples" title="Guaycuru peoples">Guaycuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkijwas" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkijwas">Inkijwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Maká">Maká</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbay%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbayá people">Mbayá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacl%C3%A9" title="Nivaclé">Nivaclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pai_Tavytera_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pai Tavytera people">Pai Tavytera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payagu%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Payaguá people">Payaguá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanapan%C3%A1" title="Sanapaná">Sanapaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_people" title="Toba people">Toba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Paraguay&#124;link=Paraguay_Immigration_to_Paraguay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Template:Immigration to Paraguay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Template talk:Immigration to Paraguay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Paraguay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Paraguay&#124;link=Paraguay_Immigration_to_Paraguay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Immigration to Paraguay">Immigration to Paraguay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_estadounidense_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración estadounidense en Paraguay">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasiguayos" title="Brasiguayos">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_mexicana_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración mexicana en Paraguay">Mexicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguayans in Paraguay">Uruguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelans in Paraguay">Venezuelans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arabs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_migration_to_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese migration to Paraguay">Lebanese</a></li> <li>Syrians</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_china_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración china en Paraguay">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paraguayans" title="Japanese Paraguayans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Paraguay" title="Koreans in Paraguay">Koreans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_austr%C3%ADaca_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración austríaca en Paraguay">Austrians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_vasca_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración vasca en Paraguay">Basques</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_brit%C3%A1nica_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración británica en Paraguay">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_people_in_Paraguay" title="English people in Paraguay">English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_croata_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración croata en Paraguay">Croatians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_checa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración checa en Paraguay">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_francesa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración francesa en Paraguay">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Paraguay">Germans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Paraguay" title="Mennonites in Paraguay">Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_griega_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración griega en Paraguay">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_h%C3%BAngara_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración húngara en Paraguay">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Italians in Paraguay">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_irlandesa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración irlandesa en Paraguay">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Paraguayan" title="Polish Paraguayan">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_rusa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración rusa en Paraguay">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración española en Paraguay">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_suiza_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración suiza en Paraguay">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Paraguay" title="Ukrainians in Paraguay">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Paraguayans" title="Afro-Paraguayans">Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Paraguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Paraguayan">Australians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Paraguay" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Paraguay">Category:Ethnic groups in Paraguay</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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