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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Settlement_(1829–1849)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_and_religious_factors_in_early_Anglo-Jewish_emigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_and_religious_factors_in_early_Anglo-Jewish_emigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Economic and religious factors in early Anglo-Jewish emigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_and_religious_factors_in_early_Anglo-Jewish_emigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Jewish_ceremonies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Jewish_ceremonies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early Jewish ceremonies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Jewish_ceremonies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-1800s_gold_rushes" 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id="toc-Religious_and_cultural_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_and_cultural_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religious and cultural developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_and_cultural_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antisemitism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antisemitism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Antisemitism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antisemitism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Founding_of_synagogues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_synagogues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Founding of synagogues</span> </div> </a> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Jews of New Zealand <br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יהודיי ניו זילנד</span>‎</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David_hot_cross_buns_20240228_125836.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Star_of_David_hot_cross_buns_20240228_125836.jpg/220px-Star_of_David_hot_cross_buns_20240228_125836.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Star_of_David_hot_cross_buns_20240228_125836.jpg/330px-Star_of_David_hot_cross_buns_20240228_125836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Star_of_David_hot_cross_buns_20240228_125836.jpg/440px-Star_of_David_hot_cross_buns_20240228_125836.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a> <a href="/wiki/Hot_cross_bun" title="Hot cross bun">hot cross buns</a> for sale at the Kosher Deli, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Auckland Hebrew Congregation">Auckland Hebrew Congregation</a>, Remuera, Auckland</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">5538, per census</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_New_Zealanders" title="Israeli New Zealanders">Israeli New Zealanders</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_African_New_Zealanders" title="South African New Zealanders">South African New Zealanders</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> Jews, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion, form with <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (8,000–10,000), the joint-second largest (7,500–10,000) <a href="/wiki/Jewish_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish community">Jewish community</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (118,000). </p><p>The Jewish community in New Zealand is composed predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a>. Other Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented and include <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardi Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi Jews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a>. A number of converts to <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> make up the New Zealand Jewish community, which manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements#Ashkenazic_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">full spectrum of Jewish religious observance</a>. Though they are a small minority, they have had an open presence in the country since the first Jewish immigrants began arriving in 1829. New Zealand has had three Jewish Prime Ministers or premiers, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a> (1873–1875), <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Francis Bell</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> (2008–2016).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Jewish settlers in New Zealand were <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Jewish">Anglo-Jewish</a> traders. Small numbers of Anglo-Jewish immigrants followed, some subsidized by a Jewish charity in London which had a mission of caring for the poor and orphaned young people in the community. These "subsidised" Jewish immigrants were also intended by their benefactors to be devout members of the fledgling Jewish community in Wellington, to which the respected English business leader Abraham Hort, Senior, was sent from London to organise along London religious lines. The difficulties of life in early <a href="/wiki/Colonial_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial New Zealand">colonial New Zealand</a>, together with historically high rates of intermarriage, made it hard to maintain strict religious observation in any of the new congregations. </p><p>Following news of gold rushes, Jewish immigrants poured in from new lands such as Germany, and then moved on when the boom was over. These immigrants, and others from Eastern Europe faced an increasingly stringent immigration policy throughout the end of the 19th and mid 20th century, but Jewish New Zealanders and their descendants have continued to contribute in business, medicine, politics, and other areas of New Zealand life, at the highest levels, and the spectrum of Jewish religious observance continues in communities throughout the country. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Jewish_Council" title="New Zealand Jewish Council">New Zealand Jewish Council</a>, established in 1981, acts as the representative body of Jewish communities in New Zealand. It responds to <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_New_Zealand" title="Antisemitism in New Zealand">antisemitism in New Zealand</a> and the New Zealand government's foreign policy and attitudes towards the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-teara_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2022 survey of antisemitism in New Zealand focused attention on several areas of concern such as <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a> and left-wing antisemitism.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlement_(1829–1849)"><span id="Settlement_.281829.E2.80.931849.29"></span>Settlement (1829–1849)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Settlement (1829–1849)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joel_Samuel_Pollack%27s_trade_advertisement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Joel_Samuel_Pollack%27s_trade_advertisement.jpg/220px-Joel_Samuel_Pollack%27s_trade_advertisement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Joel_Samuel_Pollack%27s_trade_advertisement.jpg/330px-Joel_Samuel_Pollack%27s_trade_advertisement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Joel_Samuel_Pollack%27s_trade_advertisement.jpg/440px-Joel_Samuel_Pollack%27s_trade_advertisement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Joel Samuel Polack's trade advertisement</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_New_Zealand_Jewish_Settler,_Solomon_Levy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Early_New_Zealand_Jewish_Settler%2C_Solomon_Levy.jpg/220px-Early_New_Zealand_Jewish_Settler%2C_Solomon_Levy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Early_New_Zealand_Jewish_Settler%2C_Solomon_Levy.jpg/330px-Early_New_Zealand_Jewish_Settler%2C_Solomon_Levy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Early_New_Zealand_Jewish_Settler%2C_Solomon_Levy.jpg/440px-Early_New_Zealand_Jewish_Settler%2C_Solomon_Levy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Solomon Levy, 1817–1883, Wellington New Zealand. Levy arrived from London with his brother Benjamin in 1840. He helped to found the Jewish synagogue in Wellington, taught Hebrew to Wellington's Jewish children for many years, but was himself married to his sister's Christian shipmate, and their children were raised Christian.</figcaption></figure> <p>Anglo-Jewish traders were among the early immigrants from the 1830s onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-TeAra_19th_century_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAra_19th_century-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joel_Samuel_Polack" title="Joel Samuel Polack">Joel Samuel Polack</a>, the best known and most influential of them, arrived in New Zealand in 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm_TeAra_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm_TeAra-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polack, an <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="History of the Jews in England">English-born Jew</a>, opened a general store at <a href="/wiki/Koror%C4%81reka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kororāreka">Kororāreka</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands" title="Bay of Islands">Bay of Islands</a>, where, following the tradition of centuries of European "<a href="/wiki/Port_Jew" title="Port Jew">Port Jews</a>", his respect for the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>'s culture earned him unique access and insights as a trader. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Israel_Montefiore" title="John Israel Montefiore">John Israel Montefiore</a>, also an English-born Jew, left Sydney, Australia for New Zealand in October 1831. He became a merchant in <a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a> and Kororareka, and later, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, where he featured prominently in civic affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Returning briefly to England in 1837, Polack wrote two popular books about his 1831–37 travels in New Zealand. In addition to being entertaining travel guides to new tastes (hearts of palm, for example), sights and sounds (Māori tattoos, exotic birds), etc., his books were a rallying cry for commercial development, specifically for <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_flax" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand flax">flax</a> production which he believed was possible on a lucrative scale.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm_TeAra_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm_TeAra-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1838, in testimony to a <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> inquiry into the state of the islands of New Zealand, Polack warned that unorganised European settlement would destroy Māori culture, and advocated planned colonisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm_TeAra_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm_TeAra-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> on 6 February 1840, the way was cleared for colonisation and the first legitimate immigrants. The British government and the speculative <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Company#The_New_Zealand_Land_Company" title="New Zealand Company">New Zealand Company</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among whose financial backers was the wealthy Anglo-Jewish <a href="/wiki/Goldsmid_family" title="Goldsmid family">Goldsmid family</a><sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmid_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmid-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anticipated (wrongly, as it turned out, at least in the next few decades) that land would increase in value, and encouraged a flood of subsidised <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand#Migration_from_1840" title="Immigration to New Zealand">mostly English and Scottish emigrants</a>. </p><p>Abraham Hort, Jr, related by family and business ties<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the <a href="/wiki/Mocatta_%26_Goldsmid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocatta & Goldsmid">Mocatta & Goldsmid</a> bank, arrived in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a> <i>Oriental</i> on 31 January 1840<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accompanied by two brothers he employed as cabinet makers, Solomon and Benjamin Levy. These were the first recognisably Jewish names in this early wave of post-Treaty settlement. </p><p>Hort's business<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and civic leadership<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was quickly recognised in the new colony. Within months of his arrival he was elected one of the two constables for <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>'s fledgling police force.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hort was a promoter of early Wellington civic affairs, Jewish and non-Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Nathan_(merchant)" title="David Nathan (merchant)">David Nathan</a> was an important Auckland businessman and benefactor, who is perhaps best known for establishing the firm L.D. Nathan and Company. He left Sydney for the Bay of Islands on the <i>Achilles</i> on 21 February 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Nathan,_David_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Nathan,_David-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_William_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathaniel William Levin">Nathaniel William Levin</a> was another early immigrant, who became a notable merchant in Wellington and a politician. He arrived in Wellington on 30 May 1841 on the <i>Arachne</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB_Levin_Sr_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB_Levin_Sr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_and_religious_factors_in_early_Anglo-Jewish_emigration">Economic and religious factors in early Anglo-Jewish emigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic and religious factors in early Anglo-Jewish emigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annotated_Birman_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Annotated_Birman_map.jpg/220px-Annotated_Birman_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Annotated_Birman_map.jpg/330px-Annotated_Birman_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Annotated_Birman_map.jpg/440px-Annotated_Birman_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Annotated Birman map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esther_Solomon_Levy_1824-1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Esther_Solomon_Levy_1824-1911.jpg/220px-Esther_Solomon_Levy_1824-1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Esther_Solomon_Levy_1824-1911.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Esther Solomon Levy 1824–1911</figcaption></figure> <p>Hort's father, Abraham Hort Senior<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saw New Zealand as a possible haven for impoverished <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England#Resettlement,_1655" title="History of the Jews in England">English Jews</a> and a potential refuge for oppressed Jews of eastern Europe and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Norwood_(charity)" title="Norwood (charity)">Jews' Hospital</a> (Neveh zedak), which was largely funded by the Goldsmid family,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sponsored two Jewish women to emigrate in 1841 on the <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a> <i>Birman</i>: Elizabeth Levy, (sister of the Levy brothers), and Esther Solomon, who was being sent to marry one of the brothers. </p><p>Bills allowing Jews more civil rights in England had been introduced and repeatedly voted down, and Jews in the 19th century continued to be portrayed with racist stereotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the promises of emigration for Jews was that the lack of manpower would level the ethnic playing field<sup id="cite_ref-TeAra_19th_century_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAra_19th_century-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Jewish_ceremonies">Early Jewish ceremonies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Jewish ceremonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Levy_1818-1853.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Benjamin_Levy_1818-1853.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Levy_1818-1853.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Benjamin_Levy_1818-1853.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>Benjamin Levy 1818–1853</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earliest_Known_New_Zealand_Ketubah_or_Yibbum_(wedding_contract).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Earliest_Known_New_Zealand_Ketubah_or_Yibbum_%28wedding_contract%29.jpg/220px-Earliest_Known_New_Zealand_Ketubah_or_Yibbum_%28wedding_contract%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Earliest_Known_New_Zealand_Ketubah_or_Yibbum_%28wedding_contract%29.jpg/330px-Earliest_Known_New_Zealand_Ketubah_or_Yibbum_%28wedding_contract%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Earliest_Known_New_Zealand_Ketubah_or_Yibbum_%28wedding_contract%29.jpg/440px-Earliest_Known_New_Zealand_Ketubah_or_Yibbum_%28wedding_contract%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1037" /></a><figcaption>Marriage Contract of Esther Solomon and Benjamin Levy, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, 1 June 1842.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bris_june_13_1843.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bris_june_13_1843.jpg/220px-Bris_june_13_1843.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bris_june_13_1843.jpg/330px-Bris_june_13_1843.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bris_june_13_1843.jpg/440px-Bris_june_13_1843.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2998" data-file-height="2117" /></a><figcaption>Bris 13 June 1843</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Jewish ceremony in New Zealand was the marriage of businessman <a href="/wiki/David_Nathan_(merchant)" title="David Nathan (merchant)">David Nathan</a> to Rosetta Aarons, the widow of Captain Michael Aarons, on 31 October 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their daughter, Sarah Nathan, born 10 January 1843, was the first known Jewish birth in New Zealand. The second ceremony, the marriage of Esther Solomon and Benjamin Levy was on 1 June 1842 in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, according to the ketubah contract in Hebrew, witnessed by Alfred Hort (another of Abraham Hort Senior's sons)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another early Jewish emigrant <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_William_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathaniel William Levin">Nathaniel William Levin</a>. Levin, for whom the town of <a href="/wiki/Levin,_New_Zealand" title="Levin, New Zealand">Levin</a> was later named, soon married Hort Senior's daughter, Jessy, further connecting the small group of early Wellington Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1843, Abraham Hort, Sr. arrived in Wellington, where he organised and promoted the Jewish community, with the approval of London's Chief Rabbi. Hort brought with him David Isaacs, also an alumnus of the <a href="/wiki/Norwood_(charity)" title="Norwood (charity)">Jews' Hospital</a>. Isaacs served as <a href="/wiki/Mohel" title="Mohel">Mohel</a> (to perform <a href="/wiki/Circumcisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumcisions">circumcisions</a>), shochet (kosher butcher) and <a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">chazan</a> (Cantor/lay leader for services). The first religious service was performed soon after, on 7 January 1843. A few months later, the new community celebrated the birth of Benjamin's and Esther's first child, Henry Emanuel Levy,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Hort documented in a series of letters sent to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a></i> (the premier London Jewish newspaper of the time). </p><p>Acting on behalf of the community, Hort requested a plot of land for a synagogue and a plot of land for <a href="/wiki/Jewish_burial" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish burial">Jewish burials</a>, offering himself as one of the trustees. The request was originally denied, the government responding that it didn't have the authority.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The death of the Levy's second son, aged 8 months in 1845 was, Hort wrote to the Chronicle, "our first Jewish corpse" and the "first Jewish burial" in the new Jewish cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the early 1840s, Hort's letters to the London <i>Jewish Chronicle</i> and the <i>Voice of Jacob</i> reveal the difficulty of maintaining a Jewish community that could barely muster a <a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">minyan</a>, owing to the demands of making a living, and complaining how few Jewish shopkeepers respected the sabbath by closing their doors, let alone celebrating Jewish holidays properly. A Māori massacre,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the threat of forced militia service for all, and the extreme difficulty of making a living, took their toll on the small community. Isolation rapidly gave way to intermarriage. Solomon Levy quickly married Jane Harvey, the 14-year-old Christian shipmate of Esther Solomon and Elizabeth Levy. Although only one of his eight surviving children chose Judaism as a religion, Levy helped found the first Wellington synagogue and taught Hebrew to Jewish children for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mid-1800s_gold_rushes">Mid-1800s gold rushes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mid-1800s gold rushes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aucklandjewishcemetary.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aucklandjewishcemetary.JPG/220px-Aucklandjewishcemetary.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aucklandjewishcemetary.JPG/330px-Aucklandjewishcemetary.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Aucklandjewishcemetary.JPG/440px-Aucklandjewishcemetary.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Symonds_Street_Cemetery" title="Symonds Street Cemetery">Jewish cemetery in Auckland</a>, founded in the mid-nineteenth century.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1849–1850 the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> led to an exodus of early New Zealand Jewish settlers, including <a href="/wiki/Joel_Samuel_Polack" title="Joel Samuel Polack">Joel Samuel Polack</a>, Benjamin Levy, and Abraham Hort.<sup id="cite_ref-Starr1849_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starr1849-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For those who remained, gold rushes in New Zealand in the 1860s, the <a href="/wiki/Otago_gold_rush" title="Otago gold rush">Otago gold rush</a> from 1861 and the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_gold_rush" title="West Coast gold rush">West Coast gold rush</a> from 1864 shifted their businesses from centres like Auckland and Wellington to new towns and (like Sir <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> in the South Island. In 1862, the congregation in Dunedin had 43 members.<sup id="cite_ref-bh.org.il_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh.org.il-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those drawn to gold strikes in the 1860s and after, were instrumental in founding businesses and helping to erect the many synagogues that were established at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-TeAra_19th_century_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAra_19th_century-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_19th_century">Late 19th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Restrictions were instituted in 1881 that effectively closed off immigration to immigrants who were not from England, Ireland, or Scotland, who were Asian, or any other culture deemed too foreign (a category which also included eastern European Jews). New Zealand, like Australia, had struggled with its white, Christian identity.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have attributed this attitude to New Zealand's geographic isolation at the time, to fear of economic competition, to the dilution of a perceived "white" culture.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the restrictions put into place earlier, few Jews were granted <a href="/wiki/Refugee_migration_into_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugee migration into New Zealand">refuge in New Zealand</a> before, during or after the Holocaust.<sup id="cite_ref-holo_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First called "enemy aliens" because of their German nationality, popular sentiment suggested that they leave as soon as the war was over, as they were competing with New Zealanders for work.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major veterans group, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Returned_and_Services%27_Association" title="Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association">Returned Services' Association</a>, in 1945 suggested that not only should the "enemy aliens" go back where they came from, but that any money they had made during their stay should be turned over to the wives and children of the soldiers, who had risked their lives while the Jews had allegedly stayed safely in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-holo_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reality, dozens of Jewish men and women from New Zealand had joined <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a> forces during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, mainly serving in the <a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>More recently, Jewish immigrants have come from South Africa, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_leadership">Role in leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role in leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Ministers</a> have Jewish ancestry, although only <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a>, who served twice during the 1870s, practised Judaism. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Francis Bell</a> was PM very briefly in 1925. Former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a> was born to an <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Jews">Austrian Jewish</a> mother<sup id="cite_ref-timeline_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeline-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metroprofile_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metroprofile-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is thus considered Jewish under <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a>, though he is not practising. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_and_cultural_developments">Religious and cultural developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religious and cultural developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moriah School, <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>'s only <a href="/wiki/Jewish_day_school" title="Jewish day school">Jewish day school</a> opened in 1985. It closed in December 2012, citing a lack of resources and fewer than 20 pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010 the practice of <a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">shechita</a>, the ritual slaughter of kosher animals such as cows, sheep and chickens attracted controversy when the Minister of Agriculture reversed a decision that had banned it. The issue was about to be heard in the High Court but pressure from Jewish community members who wanted to slaughter poultry in the traditional manner promoted the move.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years a small but growing <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> movement has been established in several cities, including Otago and Auckland. The <a href="/wiki/Chabad_house" title="Chabad house">Chabad house</a> in Christchurch was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 earthquake</a> that hit New Zealand. International Jewish fundraising efforts helped the Chabad community to rebuild.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/Woolf_Fisher" title="Woolf Fisher">Woolf Fisher Trust</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Auckland Hebrew Congregation">Auckland Hebrew Congregation</a> purchased the campus of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kentigern_College" title="Saint Kentigern College">Saint Kentigern Girls' School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Remuera" title="Remuera">Remuera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kadimah relocated from Grey's Avenue to the Remuera campus in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Jewish organisations and the Kosher café/deli are also in the process of relocating to the site, creating the main hub for Jewish life in Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-A_new_Jewish_Centre_for_Auckland_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_new_Jewish_Centre_for_Auckland-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> congregation, <a href="/wiki/Beth_Shalom_(Auckland)" title="Beth Shalom (Auckland)">Beth Shalom</a> has also been invited to relocate to the campus.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2023, a <a href="/wiki/Moishe_House" title="Moishe House">Moishe House</a> home opened in Auckland, joining the international network of homes that serve as a Jewish communal hub for young adults.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Antisemitism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_New_Zealand" title="Antisemitism in New Zealand">Antisemitism in New Zealand</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_of_synagogues">Founding of synagogues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Founding of synagogues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are seven synagogues across New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three early synagogues, at <a href="/wiki/Nelson_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson New Zealand">Nelson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hokitika" title="Hokitika">Hokitika</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Timaru" title="Timaru">Timaru</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are no longer in existence.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hokitika's synagogue, which served the boom and bust Gold Rush Jewish population, was virtually abandoned for the last decades of the 19th century and was known as "the Ghost Synagogue."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Synagogue" title="Dunedin Synagogue">Dunedin Synagogue</a> was established at <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> in September 1863 and lay claims to be the southernmost permanent synagogue in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Croot115_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croot115-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canterbury Hebrew Congregation obtained funds in 1863 to build a small wooden synagogue<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a block of land in Gloucester Street (between Cambridge Terrace and Montreal Street) in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nzjewisharchives.org_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzjewisharchives.org-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next synagogue, called <a href="/wiki/Beth_El_Synagogue,_Christchurch" title="Beth El Synagogue, Christchurch">Beth El Synagogue</a>, was built on the same site and opened in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first synagogue in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> was Beth El, established in 1870 at 222 The Terrace. By the 1920s, this wooden building with a capacity of 200 was too small for the city's 1400 participants and a new brick building was built on the same site and opened in 1929. The site was required to be vacated for motorway construction in 1963, and a new Wellington Jewish Community Centre was opened at 74–80 Webb Street in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, a synagogue building was designed in 1884–85 and opened on 9 November 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building still stands at 19A Princes Street, has heritage protection, and is now known as <a href="/wiki/University_House_(Auckland)" class="mw-redirect" title="University House (Auckland)">University House</a>. The community moved to larger premises at Greys Avenue in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, the AHC (<a href="/wiki/Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Auckland Hebrew Congregation">Auckland Hebrew Congregation</a>) which has the largest Jewish community in New Zealand, has moved to a new location in Remuera. After 50 years in the iconic custom built synagogue in Greys Avenue, the community made the decision to move to the suburbs which has a higher density of Jews, compared to the previous city location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery_of_synagogues">Gallery of synagogues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery of synagogues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The former Dunedin Synagogue in Moray Place, built in 1863"><img alt="The former Dunedin Synagogue in Moray Place, built in 1863" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg/120px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg/180px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg/240px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The former <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Synagogue" title="Dunedin Synagogue">Dunedin Synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moray_Place,_Dunedin" title="Moray Place, Dunedin">Moray Place</a>, built in 1863</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MA_I343790_TePapa_Synagogue-Christchurch_full_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The old Beth El Synagogue on Gloucester Street, Christchurch, established in 1864"><img alt="The old Beth El Synagogue on Gloucester Street, Christchurch, established in 1864" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/MA_I343790_TePapa_Synagogue-Christchurch_full_%28cropped%29.jpg/91px-MA_I343790_TePapa_Synagogue-Christchurch_full_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/MA_I343790_TePapa_Synagogue-Christchurch_full_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-MA_I343790_TePapa_Synagogue-Christchurch_full_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/MA_I343790_TePapa_Synagogue-Christchurch_full_%28cropped%29.jpg/183px-MA_I343790_TePapa_Synagogue-Christchurch_full_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7465" data-file-height="9795" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The old <a href="/wiki/Beth_El_Synagogue,_Christchurch" title="Beth El Synagogue, Christchurch">Beth El Synagogue</a> on Gloucester Street, Christchurch, established in 1864</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_House,_University_of_Auckland_-_an_old_synagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University House, the former Princes Street synagogue of the Auckland Hebrew Congregation, built in 1885"><img alt="University House, the former Princes Street synagogue of the Auckland Hebrew Congregation, built in 1885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/University_House%2C_University_of_Auckland_-_an_old_synagogue.jpg/120px-University_House%2C_University_of_Auckland_-_an_old_synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/University_House%2C_University_of_Auckland_-_an_old_synagogue.jpg/180px-University_House%2C_University_of_Auckland_-_an_old_synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/University_House%2C_University_of_Auckland_-_an_old_synagogue.jpg/240px-University_House%2C_University_of_Auckland_-_an_old_synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1771" data-file-height="1492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_House,_Auckland" title="University House, Auckland">University House</a>, the former Princes Street synagogue of the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation" title="Auckland Hebrew Congregation">Auckland Hebrew Congregation</a>, built in 1885</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wellington_Synagogue_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The former brick Beth El Synagogue in Wellington, built in 1929"><img alt="The former brick Beth El Synagogue in Wellington, built in 1929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wellington_Synagogue_%28cropped%29.jpg/117px-Wellington_Synagogue_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wellington_Synagogue_%28cropped%29.jpg/175px-Wellington_Synagogue_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wellington_Synagogue_%28cropped%29.jpg/233px-Wellington_Synagogue_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="763" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The former brick Beth El Synagogue in Wellington, built in 1929</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20230225_112416_Former_Kadimah_School_and_Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Greys Avenue synagogue of the Auckland Hebrew Congregation, built in 1968"><img alt="Former Greys Avenue synagogue of the Auckland Hebrew Congregation, built in 1968" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/20230225_112416_Former_Kadimah_School_and_Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation.jpg/120px-20230225_112416_Former_Kadimah_School_and_Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/20230225_112416_Former_Kadimah_School_and_Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation.jpg/180px-20230225_112416_Former_Kadimah_School_and_Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/20230225_112416_Former_Kadimah_School_and_Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation.jpg/240px-20230225_112416_Former_Kadimah_School_and_Auckland_Hebrew_Congregation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former Greys Avenue synagogue of the Auckland Hebrew Congregation, built in 1968</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beth_El_Synagogue,_Durham_Street_269.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The new Beth El Synagogue on Durham Street, Christchurch, built in 1988"><img alt="The new Beth El Synagogue on Durham Street, Christchurch, built in 1988" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Beth_El_Synagogue%2C_Durham_Street_269.jpg/120px-Beth_El_Synagogue%2C_Durham_Street_269.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Beth_El_Synagogue%2C_Durham_Street_269.jpg/180px-Beth_El_Synagogue%2C_Durham_Street_269.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Beth_El_Synagogue%2C_Durham_Street_269.jpg/240px-Beth_El_Synagogue%2C_Durham_Street_269.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3809" data-file-height="1803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The new Beth El Synagogue on Durham Street, Christchurch, built in 1988</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kadimah_School_20240221_130344.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Auckland Hebrew Congregation moved to the former site of Corran School in Remuera in 2022"><img alt="The Auckland Hebrew Congregation moved to the former site of Corran School in Remuera in 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kadimah_School_20240221_130344.jpg/120px-Kadimah_School_20240221_130344.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kadimah_School_20240221_130344.jpg/180px-Kadimah_School_20240221_130344.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kadimah_School_20240221_130344.jpg/240px-Kadimah_School_20240221_130344.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Auckland Hebrew Congregation moved to the former site of <a href="/wiki/Corran_School" title="Corran School">Corran School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Remuera" title="Remuera">Remuera</a> in 2022</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1848, in New Zealand's total population of 16,000 there were known to be at least 61 Jews, 28 in Wellington and 33 in Auckland.<sup id="cite_ref-nzjewisharchives.org_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzjewisharchives.org-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 New Zealand census</a> data gives 6,867 people identifying as having a Jewish religious affiliation, out of the total New Zealand population of 4.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 New Zealand Census</a>, 5,274 identified as having a Jewish religion, and in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand Census</a> this had increased by 264 to 5,538 people identifying as Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the official Census counts, there have been a range of estimations of the Jewish population in New Zealand which are significantly higher than the official count. In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a> estimated that were an estimated 10,000 Jewish People,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a claim repeated both by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Jewish_Council" title="New Zealand Jewish Council">New Zealand Jewish Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a> on their websites.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2012 book <i>Jewish Lives in New Zealand,</i> the authors suggest that there were more than 20,000 Jewish people in New Zealand, including non-practising Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-BellMorrow2012_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BellMorrow2012-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_Jews" title="List of Oceanian Jews">List of Oceanian Jews</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/new-zealands-jewish-achievers/4WUEOBXPXWDBNEI2E5DP57K2YA/">New Zealand's Jewish achievers</a> <i>New Zealand Herald</i>. 2 March 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teara-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-teara_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/jews/page-4">Page 4. Zionism in New Zealand</a> Te Ara. 8 February 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishlives.nz/community/anti-semitism-survey-of-new-zealand-2021">Anti-Semitism Survey of New Zealand 2021</a> Jewish Lives. Retrieved on 17 December 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TeAra_19th_century-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TeAra_19th_century_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TeAra_19th_century_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TeAra_19th_century_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLevine2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Levine, Stephen (8 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/jews/page-1">"Jews – 19th-century immigration"</a>. <i>Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Current Status of Beth Shalom moving to Remuera Road</a> Jewish Auckland. 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moishehouse.org/blog/moishe-house-welcomes-new-communities-in-new-zealand-and-south-carolina/">Moishe House Welcomes New Communities in New Zealand and South Carolina</a> Moishe House. 3 October 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFickling2004" class="citation news cs1">Fickling, David (17 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jul/17/israel">"Attack on Jewish cemetery in NZ linked to passport plot"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2017</span>. <q>Tait Bros, Hokitika photographers during the gold boom, took this photograph of the Synagogue in 1867.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ghost+Synagogue&rft.pub=Victoria+University+of+Wellington%2C+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2FGolHist-fig-GolHistP005a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/THD18750623.2.7">"Jewish Synagogue"</a>. <i>The Timaru Herald</i>. <b>XXIII</b> (1220). paperspast.natlib.govt.nz: 3. 23 June 1875<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Full text <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document.php?action=null&wid=180">Vol. I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document.php?action=null&wid=206">Vol. II</a></li> <li><i>Manners and Customs of the New Zealanders</i> (1840). Full text <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document.php?action=null&wid=125">Vol. I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzb.auckland.ac.nz/document.php?action=null&wid=155">Vol. II</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand#Ethnicity" title="Demographics of New Zealand">New Zealand people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Moriori</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New Zealand"><img alt="Flag of New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/95px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/143px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/190px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_New_Zealanders" title="African New Zealanders">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_New_Zealanders" title="Egyptian New Zealanders">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_New_Zealanders" title="South African New Zealanders">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_New_Zealanders" title="Zimbabwean New Zealanders">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_New_Zealanders" title="American New Zealanders">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_New_Zealanders" title="Canadian New Zealanders">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicans in New Zealand">Mexican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_New_Zealanders" title="Afghan New Zealanders">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_New_Zealanders" title="Arab New Zealanders">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_New_Zealanders" title="Iraqi New Zealanders">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_New_Zealanders" title="Lebanese New Zealanders">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_New_Zealanders" title="Syrian New Zealanders">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_New_Zealand" title="Assyrians in New Zealand">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_New_Zealanders" title="Bangladeshi New Zealanders">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_New_Zealanders" title="Burmese New Zealanders">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Zealanders" title="Chinese New Zealanders">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_New_Zealanders" title="Filipino New Zealanders">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Zealanders" title="Indian New Zealanders">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_New_Zealanders" title="Indonesian New Zealanders">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Zealanders" title="Iranian New Zealanders">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_New_Zealanders" title="Israeli New Zealanders">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Zealanders" title="Japanese New Zealanders">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Zealanders" title="Korean New Zealanders">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Zealanders" title="Malaysian New Zealanders">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_New_Zealanders" title="Nepalese New Zealanders">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_New_Zealanders" title="Pakistani New Zealanders">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_New_Zealanders" title="Sri Lankan New Zealanders">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_New_Zealanders" title="Thai New Zealanders">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_New_Zealanders" title="Turkish New Zealanders">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_New_Zealanders" title="Vietnamese New Zealanders">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_New_Zealanders" title="Albanian New Zealanders">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_New_Zealanders" title="Armenian New Zealanders">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_New_Zealanders" title="English New Zealanders">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_New_Zealanders" title="Scottish New Zealanders">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_New_Zealanders" title="Welsh New Zealanders">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_New_Zealanders" title="Croatian New Zealanders">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Zealanders" title="Dutch New Zealanders">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Zealanders" title="French New Zealanders">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_New_Zealanders" title="German New Zealanders">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_New_Zealanders" title="Greek New Zealanders">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_New_Zealanders" title="Hungarian New Zealanders">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_New_Zealanders" title="Irish New Zealanders">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_New_Zealanders" title="Italian New Zealanders">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_New_Zealanders" title="Nordic New Zealanders">Nordic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_New_Zealanders" title="Danish New Zealanders">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_New_Zealanders" title="Norwegian New Zealanders">Norwegian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_New_Zealanders" title="Polish New Zealanders">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_New_Zealanders" title="Portuguese New Zealanders">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_New_Zealanders" title="Russian New Zealanders">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_New_Zealanders" title="Serbian New Zealanders">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_New_Zealanders" title="Spanish New Zealanders">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_New_Zealanders" title="Ukrainian New Zealanders">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Zealanders" title="Australian New Zealanders">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati_New_Zealanders" title="Kiribati New Zealanders">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_New_Zealanders" title="Papua New Guinean New Zealanders">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotuman_New_Zealanders" title="Rotuman New Zealanders">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_New_Zealanders" title="Samoan New Zealanders">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_New_Zealanders" title="Tongan New Zealanders">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_New_Zealanders" title="Tuvaluan New Zealanders">Tuvaluan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">New Zealanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration to New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_New_Zealand" title="Immigration New Zealand">Immigration New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_New_Zealand" title="Refugees in New Zealand">Refugees in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">History of the Jews in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Australia" title="History of the Jews in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Fiji" title="History of the Jews in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Palau" title="History of the Jews in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Samoa (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Cook_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_French_Polynesia" title="History of the Jews in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam" title="History of the Jews in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Caledonia" title="History of the Jews in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&oldid=1259982541">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand&oldid=1259982541</a>"</div></div> 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