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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="X1+aAmgCVQwUTmyktvIsaxmgTLAx0q6/UW9FDTUqQ0XDxm18SOU6R5hPSkhftMSZyerv7puYeG6uN9RjsfJV6A==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Michael Gastner" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/69466588/Task_Based_Effectiveness_of_Interactive_Contiguous_Area_Cartograms" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to an associated numeric data value (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it conforms to this area principle" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/51216508/19848670/19671702/s200_michael.gastner.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/69466588/Task_Based_Effectiveness_of_Interactive_Contiguous_Area_Cartograms" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to an associated numeric data value (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it conforms to this area principle" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/MGastner" /> <meta name="description" content="Cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to an associated numeric data value (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it conforms to this area principle" /> <title>(PDF) Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms | Michael Gastner - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/69466588/Task_Based_Effectiveness_of_Interactive_Contiguous_Area_Cartograms" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732784846000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732784846000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to an associated numeric data value (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it conforms to this area principle while also keeping neighboring regions connected. Because of their distorted appearance, contiguous cartograms have been criticized as difficult to read. Some authors have suggested that cartograms may be more legible if they are accompanied by interactive features (e.g., animations, linked brushing, or infotips). We conducted an experiment to evaluate this claim. Participants had to perform visual analysis tasks with interactive and noninteractive contiguous cartograms. The task types covered various aspects of cartogram readability, ranging from elementary lookup tasks to synoptic tasks (i.e., tasks in which participants had to summarize high-level differences between two cartograms). Elementary tasks were carried out equally well wit...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Michael Gastner"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-01-26","dateModified":"2022-01-26","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/69466588/Task_Based_Effectiveness_of_Interactive_Contiguous_Area_Cartograms","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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A cartogram is called contiguous if it conforms to this area principle while also keeping neighboring regions connected. Because of their distorted appearance, contiguous cartograms have been criticized as difficult to read. Some authors have suggested that cartograms may be more legible if they are accompanied by interactive features (e.g., animations, linked brushing, or infotips). We conducted an experiment to evaluate this claim. Participants had to perform visual analysis tasks with interactive and noninteractive contiguous cartograms. The task types covered various aspects of cartogram readability, ranging from elementary lookup tasks to synoptic tasks (i.e., tasks in which participants had to summarize high-level differences between two cartograms). Elementary tasks were carried out equally well wit...","publisher":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","publication_date":"2021,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [51216508]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":79554497,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/79554497/mini_magick20220126-31336-1bnrmz9.png?1643185320" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Task-Based Effectiveness of Interactive Contiguous Area Cartograms</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51216508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MGastner"><img alt="Profile image of Michael Gastner" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/51216508/19848670/19671702/s65_michael.gastner.jpg" />Michael Gastner</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">18 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 69466588; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=69466588"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to an associated numeric data value (e.g., population or gross domestic product). A cartogram is called contiguous if it conforms to this area principle while also keeping neighboring regions connected. Because of their distorted appearance, contiguous cartograms have been criticized as difficult to read. Some authors have suggested that cartograms may be more legible if they are accompanied by interactive features (e.g., animations, linked brushing, or infotips). We conducted an experiment to evaluate this claim. Participants had to perform visual analysis tasks with interactive and noninteractive contiguous cartograms. The task types covered various aspects of cartogram readability, ranging from elementary lookup tasks to synoptic tasks (i.e., tasks in which participants had to summarize high-level differences between two cartograms). Elementary tasks were carried out equally well wit...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":79554497,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/69466588/Task_Based_Effectiveness_of_Interactive_Contiguous_Area_Cartograms"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":79554497,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/69466588/Task_Based_Effectiveness_of_Interactive_Contiguous_Area_Cartograms"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="79554497" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/69466588/Task_Based_Effectiveness_of_Interactive_Contiguous_Area_Cartograms" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="80030164" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80030164/An_evaluation_of_the_usability_of_web_based_contiguous_cartogram_generation_tools">An evaluation of the usability of web-based contiguous cartogram generation tools</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="194334374" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanDuncan43">Ian Duncan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Area cartograms are map-based data visualizations in which the area of each map region is proportional to the data value it represents. 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ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cognitive Design Principles for Automated Generation of Visualizations","attachmentId":66570272,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47519748/Cognitive_Design_Principles_for_Automated_Generation_of_Visualizations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47519748/Cognitive_Design_Principles_for_Automated_Generation_of_Visualizations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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Comparing Usability of Heat Maps with Different Levels of Generalization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="651138" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WojciechPokojski">Wojciech Pokojski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recently, due to Web 2.0 and neocartography, heat maps have become a popular map type for quick reading. Heat maps are graphical representations of geographic data density in the form of raster maps, elaborated by applying kernel density estimation with a given radius on point- or linear-input data. The aim of this study was to compare the usability of heat maps with different levels of generalization (defined by radii of 10, 20, 30, and 40 pixels) for basic map user tasks. A user study with 412 participants (16–20 years old, high school students) was carried out in order to compare heat maps that showed the same input data. The study was conducted in schools during geography or IT lessons. Objective (the correctness of the answer, response times) and subjective (response time self-assessment, task difficulty, preferences) metrics were measured. The results show that the smaller radius resulted in the higher correctness of the answers. A larger radius did not result in faster respon...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Heat Maps: Perfect Maps for Quick Reading? Comparing Usability of Heat Maps with Different Levels of Generalization","attachmentId":89379139,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84312949/Heat_Maps_Perfect_Maps_for_Quick_Reading_Comparing_Usability_of_Heat_Maps_with_Different_Levels_of_Generalization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84312949/Heat_Maps_Perfect_Maps_for_Quick_Reading_Comparing_Usability_of_Heat_Maps_with_Different_Levels_of_Generalization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="2750724" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2750724/Distortion_for_readability_of_contextualized_text_explanations_for_visualizations">Distortion for readability of contextualized text explanations for visualizations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="699767" href="https://uct.academia.edu/WallaceChigona">Wallace Chigona</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract Dual-Use of Image Space (DUIS) is a new technique for presenting text explanations for images within image space. This, however presents the problem of readability of the text since readers are used to reading from rectangular windows, on the other hand, a graphical object will typically have a silhouette of an irregular shape. To improve the readability we have developed a technique called rectangularization, ie on users' request the selected object morphs into a rectangular window.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Distortion for readability of contextualized text explanations for visualizations","attachmentId":30838066,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2750724/Distortion_for_readability_of_contextualized_text_explanations_for_visualizations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2750724/Distortion_for_readability_of_contextualized_text_explanations_for_visualizations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="7570309" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7570309/Changing_the_View_towards_the_theory_of_visualisation_comprehension">Changing the View: towards the theory of visualisation comprehension</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48582" href="https://abertay.academia.edu/KenScottBrown">Ken Scott-Brown</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31376998" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BownJames">James Bown</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13622217" href="https://bezalel.academia.edu/MarkShovman">Mark Shovman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The core problem of the evaluation of information visualisation is that the end product of visualisation - the comprehension of the information from the data - is difficult to measure objectively. This paper outlines a description of visualisation comprehension based on two existing theories of perception: principles of perceptual organisation and the reverse hierarchy theory. The resulting account of the processes involved in visualisation comprehension enables evaluation that is not only objective, but also non-comparative, providing an absolute efficiency classification. Finally, as a sample application of this approach, an experiment studying the benefits of interactivity in 3D scatterplots is presented.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changing the View: towards the theory of visualisation comprehension","attachmentId":34128304,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7570309/Changing_the_View_towards_the_theory_of_visualisation_comprehension","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7570309/Changing_the_View_towards_the_theory_of_visualisation_comprehension"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":79554497,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":79554497,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_79554497" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="8955514" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8955514/Benefitting_InfoVis_with_Visual_Difficulties">Benefitting InfoVis with Visual Difficulties</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19906498" href="https://umich.academia.edu/JessicaHullman">Jessica Hullman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Benefitting InfoVis with Visual Difficulties","attachmentId":47937589,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8955514/Benefitting_InfoVis_with_Visual_Difficulties","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8955514/Benefitting_InfoVis_with_Visual_Difficulties"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="116800443" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116800443/The_Use_of_Cartograms_in_Visualizing_Data_Associated_with_Familiar_and_Unfamiliar_Areas">The Use of Cartograms in Visualizing Data Associated with Familiar and Unfamiliar Areas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37281502" href="https://georgiasouthern.academia.edu/KRittschof">Kent Rittschof</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Use of Cartograms in Visualizing Data Associated with Familiar and Unfamiliar Areas","attachmentId":112830062,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116800443/The_Use_of_Cartograms_in_Visualizing_Data_Associated_with_Familiar_and_Unfamiliar_Areas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116800443/The_Use_of_Cartograms_in_Visualizing_Data_Associated_with_Familiar_and_Unfamiliar_Areas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="67749580" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67749580/The_Curious_Case_of_Combining_Text_and_Visualization">The Curious Case of Combining Text and Visualization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42637247" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RCrouser">R. Crouser</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Curious Case of Combining Text and Visualization","attachmentId":78462876,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67749580/The_Curious_Case_of_Combining_Text_and_Visualization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67749580/The_Curious_Case_of_Combining_Text_and_Visualization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="21405736" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21405736/Usability_Testing_of_Cartographic_Visualizations_Principles_and_Research_Design">Usability Testing of Cartographic Visualizations: Principles and Research Design</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42473775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilanKone%C4%8Dn%C3%BD">Milan Konečný</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Usability Testing of Cartographic Visualizations: Principles and Research Design","attachmentId":41855790,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21405736/Usability_Testing_of_Cartographic_Visualizations_Principles_and_Research_Design","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21405736/Usability_Testing_of_Cartographic_Visualizations_Principles_and_Research_Design"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="8293364" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8293364/Reading_Information_Graphics_The_Role_of_Spatial_Contiguity_and_Dual_Attentional_Guidance">Reading Information Graphics: The Role of Spatial Contiguity and Dual Attentional Guidance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16480774" href="https://lu.academia.edu/KennethHolmqvist">Kenneth Holmqvist</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reading Information Graphics: The Role of Spatial Contiguity and Dual Attentional Guidance","attachmentId":48150854,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8293364/Reading_Information_Graphics_The_Role_of_Spatial_Contiguity_and_Dual_Attentional_Guidance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8293364/Reading_Information_Graphics_The_Role_of_Spatial_Contiguity_and_Dual_Attentional_Guidance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="76369511" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76369511/Visual_Prompts_and_Graphical_Design_A_Framework_for_Analyzing_Information_Conveyed_by_2_D_Charts_and_Graphs">Visual Prompts and Graphical Design: A Framework for Analyzing Information Conveyed by 2-D Charts and Graphs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57470528" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VibhuMittal2">Vibhu Mittal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Aaai, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Visual Prompts and Graphical Design: A Framework for Analyzing Information Conveyed by 2-D Charts and Graphs","attachmentId":84098757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76369511/Visual_Prompts_and_Graphical_Design_A_Framework_for_Analyzing_Information_Conveyed_by_2_D_Charts_and_Graphs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76369511/Visual_Prompts_and_Graphical_Design_A_Framework_for_Analyzing_Information_Conveyed_by_2_D_Charts_and_Graphs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="74360038" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74360038/Research_on_Usability_Testing_and_Cognitive_Issues_of_Cartographic_Visualizations_in_the_Context_of_Different_Groups_of_Users">Research on Usability Testing and Cognitive Issues of Cartographic Visualizations in the Context of Different Groups of Users</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42473775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilanKone%C4%8Dn%C3%BD">Milan Konečný</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Research on Usability Testing and Cognitive Issues of Cartographic Visualizations in the Context of Different Groups of Users","attachmentId":83494135,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74360038/Research_on_Usability_Testing_and_Cognitive_Issues_of_Cartographic_Visualizations_in_the_Context_of_Different_Groups_of_Users","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/HarveySmallman">Harvey Smallman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Naïve Cartography: How Intuitions about Display Configuration Can Hurt Performance","attachmentId":39158942,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16744635/Na%C3%AFve_Cartography_How_Intuitions_about_Display_Configuration_Can_Hurt_Performance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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