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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torricelli's_work_in_physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torricelli's_work_in_physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Torricelli's work in physics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Torricelli's_work_in_physics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Torricelli's work in physics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Torricelli's_work_in_physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suction_pumps_and_the_invention_of_the_barometer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suction_pumps_and_the_invention_of_the_barometer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Suction pumps and the invention of the barometer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suction_pumps_and_the_invention_of_the_barometer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torricelli's_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torricelli's_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Torricelli's law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torricelli's_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torricelli's_principle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torricelli's_principle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Torricelli's principle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torricelli's_principle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_study_of_projectiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_study_of_projectiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>The study of projectiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_study_of_projectiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cause_of_wind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cause_of_wind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Cause of wind</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cause_of_wind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torricelli's_work_in_mathematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torricelli's_work_in_mathematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Torricelli's work in mathematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torricelli's_work_in_mathematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_submarines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_submarines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Italian submarines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_submarines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A" title="إيفانجيلستا تورشيللي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيفانجيلستا تورشيللي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="इव्हांगेलिस्टा टोर्रिसेली – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इव्हांगेलिस्टा टोर्रिसेली" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torri%C3%A7elli" title="Evangelista Torriçelli – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Evangelista Torriçelli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اوانجلیستا توریچلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوانجلیستا توریچلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="এভাঞ্জেলিস্তা তর্‌‌রিচেল্লি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এভাঞ্জেলিস্তা তর্‌‌রিচেল্লি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Эванджэліста Тарычэлі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эванджэліста Тарычэлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Еванджелиста Торичели – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еванджелиста Торичели" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Ευαντζελίστα Τοριτσέλι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευαντζελίστα Τοριτσέλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اوانجلیستا توریچلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوانجلیستا توریچلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%B0%98%EC%A0%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80_%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%BC%EB%A6%AC" title="에반젤리스타 토리첼리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에반젤리스타 토리첼리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1_%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Էվանջելիստա Տորիչելլի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էվանջելիստա Տորիչելլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="इवान गेलिस्ता टाँरीसेली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इवान गेलिस्ता टाँरीसेली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%9C%D7%99" title="אוונג'ליסטה טוריצ'לי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוונג'ליסטה טוריצ'לי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಇವ್ಯಾಂಗಲಿಸ್ಟಾ ಟಾರಿಸಲಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇವ್ಯಾಂಗಲಿಸ್ಟಾ ಟಾರಿಸಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ევანჯელისტა ტორიჩელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევანჯელისტა ტორიჩელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Эванджелиста Торричелли – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эванджелиста Торричелли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricellius" title="Evangelista Torricellius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evangelista Torricellius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evand%C5%BEelista_Tori%C4%8Delli" title="Evandželista Toričelli – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Evandželista Toričelli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Еванџелиста Торичели – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Еванџелиста Торичели" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="എവാൻജെലിസ്റ്റ ടോറിചെല്ലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എവാൻജെലിസ്റ്റ ടോറിചെല്ലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ევანჯელისტა ტორიჩელი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ევანჯელისტა ტორიჩელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89" title="ايفانجيلستا تورشيللى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايفانجيلستا تورشيللى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Эванжелиста Торричелли – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эванжелиста Торричелли" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA" title="エヴァンジェリスタ・トリチェリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エヴァンジェリスタ・トリチェリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanjilista_Toricheli" title="Ivanjilista Toricheli – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ivanjilista Toricheli" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Торричелли, Эванджелиста – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торричелли, Эванджелиста" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangjelista_Tori%C3%A7eli" title="Evangjelista Toriçeli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Evangjelista Toriçeli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Еванђелиста Торичели – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еванђелиста Торичели" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="இவாஞ்சலிசிட்டா தோரிச்செல்லி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இவாஞ்சலிசிட்டா தோரிச்செல்லி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF" title="ఇవాంజెలిస్టా టొర్రిసెల్లి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇవాంజెలిస్టా టొర్రిసెల్లి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="เอวันเจลิสตา ตอร์รีเชลลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอวันเจลิสตา ตอร์รีเชลลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Еванджеліста Торрічеллі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еванджеліста Торрічеллі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Evangelista Torricelli" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E4%B8%87%E6%9D%B0%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E6%8B%86%E5%88%A9" title="埃万杰利斯塔·托里拆利 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃万杰利斯塔·托里拆利" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%90%AC%E5%82%91%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E2%80%A7%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E5%88%87%E5%88%A9" title="埃萬傑利斯塔‧托里切利 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃萬傑利斯塔‧托里切利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%90%AC%E5%82%91%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E6%8B%86%E5%88%A9" title="埃萬傑利斯塔·托里拆利 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃萬傑利斯塔·托里拆利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian physicist and matematician (1608–1647)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Evangelista Torricelli</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Evangelista_Torricelli_by_Lorenzo_Lippi_(circa_1647,_Galleria_Silvano_Lodi_%26_Due).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Evangelista_Torricelli_by_Lorenzo_Lippi_%28circa_1647%2C_Galleria_Silvano_Lodi_%26_Due%29.jpg/220px-Evangelista_Torricelli_by_Lorenzo_Lippi_%28circa_1647%2C_Galleria_Silvano_Lodi_%26_Due%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Evangelista_Torricelli_by_Lorenzo_Lippi_%28circa_1647%2C_Galleria_Silvano_Lodi_%26_Due%29.jpg/330px-Evangelista_Torricelli_by_Lorenzo_Lippi_%28circa_1647%2C_Galleria_Silvano_Lodi_%26_Due%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Evangelista_Torricelli_by_Lorenzo_Lippi_%28circa_1647%2C_Galleria_Silvano_Lodi_%26_Due%29.jpg/440px-Evangelista_Torricelli_by_Lorenzo_Lippi_%28circa_1647%2C_Galleria_Silvano_Lodi_%26_Due%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2685" data-file-height="3608" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Evangelista Torricelli by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lippi" title="Lorenzo Lippi">Lorenzo Lippi</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1647</span>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1608-10-15</span>)</span>15 October 1608<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 October 1647<span style="display:none">(1647-10-25)</span> (aged 39)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">Barometer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Torricelli%27s_experiment" title="Torricelli's experiment">Torricelli's experiment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Torricelli%27s_equation" title="Torricelli's equation">Torricelli's equation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Torricelli%27s_law" title="Torricelli's law">Torricelli's law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Torricelli point">Torricelli point</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Horn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel's Horn">Torricelli's trumpet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Torricellian_vacuum" class="mw-redirect" title="Torricellian vacuum">Torricellian vacuum</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Castelli" title="Benedetto Castelli">Benedetto Castelli</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Viviani" title="Vincenzo Viviani">Vincenzo Viviani</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evangelista_Torricelli_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Evangelista_Torricelli_signature.jpg/150px-Evangelista_Torricelli_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Evangelista_Torricelli_signature.jpg/225px-Evangelista_Torricelli_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Evangelista_Torricelli_signature.jpg/300px-Evangelista_Torricelli_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="174" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Evangelista Torricelli</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒr/: 'or' in 'moral'">ɒr</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">TORR</span>-ee-<span style="font-size:90%">CHEL</span>-ee</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[evandʒeˈlista<span class="wrap"> </span>torriˈtʃɛlli]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/63\/Evangelista_Torricelli.ogg\/Evangelista_Torricelli.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Evangelista Torricelli.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Evangelista_Torricelli.ogg/Evangelista_Torricelli.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Evangelista_Torricelli.ogg" title="File:Evangelista Torricelli.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 15 October 1608 – 25 October 1647) was an <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a> physicist and mathematician, and a student of <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>. He is best known for his invention of the <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a>, but is also known for his advances in <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optics</a> and work on the <a href="/wiki/Method_of_indivisibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Method of indivisibles">method of indivisibles</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">torr</a> is named after him. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Torricelli was born on 15 October 1608 in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, the firstborn child of Gaspare Torricelli and Caterina Angetti.<sup id="cite_ref-Magill2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magill2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family was from <a href="/wiki/Faenza" title="Faenza">Faenza</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ravenna" title="Province of Ravenna">Province of Ravenna</a>, then part of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. His father was a textile worker and the family was very poor. Seeing his talents, his parents sent him to be educated in Faenza, under the care of his uncle, Giacomo (James), a <a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldolese</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a>, who first ensured that his nephew was given a sound basic education. He then entered young Torricelli into a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> College in 1624, possibly the one in Faenza itself, to study mathematics and philosophy until 1626, by which time his father, Gaspare, had died. The uncle then sent Torricelli to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> to study science under the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> monk <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Castelli" title="Benedetto Castelli">Benedetto Castelli</a>, professor of <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> at the Collegio della Sapienza (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-MT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Castelli was a student of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Benedetto Castelli made experiments on running water (1628), and he was entrusted by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a> with hydraulic undertakings."<sup id="cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no actual evidence that Torricelli was enrolled at the university. It is almost certain that Torricelli was taught by Castelli. In exchange he worked for him as his secretary from 1626 to 1632 in a private arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, Torricelli was exposed to experiments funded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a>. While living in Rome, Torricelli became also the student of the mathematician <a href="/wiki/Bonaventura_Cavalieri" title="Bonaventura Cavalieri">Bonaventura Cavalieri</a>, with whom he became great friends.<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was in Rome that Torricelli also became friends with two other students of Castelli, <a href="/wiki/Raffaello_Magiotti" title="Raffaello Magiotti">Raffaello Magiotti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Nardi" title="Antonio Nardi">Antonio Nardi</a>. Galileo referred to Torricelli, Magiotti, and Nardi affectionately as his "triumvirate" in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evangelista_Torricelli_-_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Evangelista_Torricelli_-_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze.JPG/170px-Evangelista_Torricelli_-_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Evangelista_Torricelli_-_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze.JPG/255px-Evangelista_Torricelli_-_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Evangelista_Torricelli_-_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze.JPG/340px-Evangelista_Torricelli_-_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Torricelli's statue in the <a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Firenze" title="Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze">Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1632, shortly after the publication of <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems" title="Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems">Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems</a></i>, Torricelli wrote to Galileo of reading it "with the delight ... of one who, having already practiced all of geometry most diligently ... and having studied <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> and seen almost everything of <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Kepler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_S%C3%B8rensen_Longomontanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Sørensen Longomontanus">Longomontanus</a>, finally, forced by the many congruences, came to adhere to <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Copernicus</a>, and was a Galileian in profession and sect". (The Vatican condemned Galileo in June 1633, and this was the only known occasion on which Torricelli openly declared himself to hold the Copernican view.) </p><p>Aside from several letters, little is known of Torricelli's activities in the years between 1632 and 1641, when Castelli sent Torricelli's <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monograph</a> of the path of projectiles to Galileo, then a prisoner in his villa at <a href="/wiki/Arcetri" title="Arcetri">Arcetri</a>. Although Galileo promptly invited Torricelli to visit, Torricelli did not accept until just three months before Galileo's death. The reason for this was that Torricelli's mother, Caterina Angetti died.<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "(T)his short intercourse with the great mathematician enabled Torricelli to finish the fifth dialogue under the personal direction of its author; it was published by Viviani, another pupil of Galileo, in 1674."<sup id="cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Galileo's death on 8 January 1642, Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de%27_Medici" title="Ferdinando II de' Medici">Ferdinando II de' Medici</a> asked Torricelli to succeed Galileo as the grand-ducal mathematician and chair of mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a>. Right before the appointment, Torricelli was considering returning to Rome because of there being nothing left for him in Florence,<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he had invented the <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a>. In this new role he solved some of the great mathematical problems of the day, such as finding a <a href="/wiki/Cycloid" title="Cycloid">cycloid</a>'s area and center of gravity. As a result of this study, he wrote the book the <i>Opera Geometrica</i> in which he described his observations. The book was published in 1644.<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little was known about Torricelli in regard to his works in geometry when he accepted the honorable position, but after he published <i>Opera Geometrica</i> two years later, he became highly esteemed in that discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-Mancosu_and_Ezio_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mancosu_and_Ezio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "He was interested in <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">Optics</a>, and invented a method whereby microscopic lenses might be made of glass which could be easily melted in a lamp."<sup id="cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, he designed and built a number of telescopes and simple microscopes; several large lenses, engraved with his name, are still preserved in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. On 11 June 1644, he famously wrote in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Ricci" title="Michelangelo Ricci">Michelangelo Ricci</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Noi viviamo sommersi nel fondo d'un pelago d'aria. (We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of air.)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However his work on the cycloid involved him in a controversy with <a href="/wiki/Gilles_de_Roberval" title="Gilles de Roberval">Gilles de Roberval</a>, who accused him of plagiarizing his earlier solution of the problem of its <a href="/wiki/Quadrature_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrature (mathematics)">quadrature</a>. Although it appears that Torricelli reached his solution independently, the matter was still in dispute up to his death.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libr0367.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Libr0367.jpg/220px-Libr0367.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Libr0367.jpg/330px-Libr0367.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Libr0367.jpg/440px-Libr0367.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Evangelista Torricelli portrayed on the frontpage of <i>Lezioni d'Evangelista Torricelli</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSRW_Torricelli%27s_experiment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NSRW_Torricelli%27s_experiment.jpg/220px-NSRW_Torricelli%27s_experiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NSRW_Torricelli%27s_experiment.jpg/330px-NSRW_Torricelli%27s_experiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/NSRW_Torricelli%27s_experiment.jpg/440px-NSRW_Torricelli%27s_experiment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Torricelli's experiment</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torricelli_lunar_crater_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Torricelli_lunar_crater_map.jpg/220px-Torricelli_lunar_crater_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Torricelli_lunar_crater_map.jpg/330px-Torricelli_lunar_crater_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Torricelli_lunar_crater_map.jpg/440px-Torricelli_lunar_crater_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>Torricelli lunar crater map</figcaption></figure> <p>Torricelli died of fever, most likely <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Magill2013_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magill2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilder-SmithShaw2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilder-SmithShaw2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Florence on 25 October 1647,<sup id="cite_ref-timbs_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timbs-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10 days after his 39th birthday, and was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Lorenzo,_Florence" title="Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence">Basilica of San Lorenzo</a>. He left all his belongings to his adopted son Alessandro. "Belonging to that first period are his pamphlets on Solidi spherali, Contatti and the major part of the propositions and sundry problems which were gathered together by <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Viviani" title="Vincenzo Viviani">Viviani</a> after Torricelli's death. This early work owes much to the study of the classics."<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sixty-eight years after Torricelli had died, his genius still filled his contemporaries with admiration, as evidenced by the anagram below the frontispice of Lezioni accademiche d'Evangelista Torricelli published in 1715: En virescit Galileus alter, meaning "Here blossoms another Galileo." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Faenza, a statue of Torricelli was created in 1868 in gratitude for all that Torricelli had done in advancing science during his short lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/7437_Torricelli" class="mw-redirect" title="7437 Torricelli">7437 Torricelli</a> and a crater on the Moon were named in his honour. </p><p>The mountain range <a href="/wiki/Torricelli_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Torricelli Mountains">Torricelli Mountains</a> on <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> carry his name. </p><p>In 1830, botanist <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Augustin Pyramus de Candolle">Augustin Pyramus de Candolle</a> published <i><a href="/wiki/Torricellia" title="Torricellia">Torricellia</a></i>, which is a genus of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> from Asia belonging to the family <a href="/wiki/Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a>. They were named in Evangelista Torricelli's honour.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torricelli's_work_in_physics"><span id="Torricelli.27s_work_in_physics"></span>Torricelli's work in physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Torricelli's work in physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The perusal of Galileo's <i><a href="/wiki/Two_New_Sciences" title="Two New Sciences">Two New Sciences</a></i> (1638) inspired Torricelli with many developments of the mechanical principles there set forth, which he embodied in a treatise <i>De motu</i> (printed amongst his <i>Opera geometrica</i>, 1644). Its communication by Castelli to Galileo in 1641, with a proposal that Torricelli should reside with him, led to Torricelli traveling to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, where he met Galileo, and acted as his amanuensis during the three remaining months of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suction_pumps_and_the_invention_of_the_barometer">Suction pumps and the invention of the barometer <span class="anchor" id="Barometer"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Suction pumps and the invention of the barometer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">Barometer</a></div> <p>Torricelli's work led to first speculations about atmospheric pressure, and to the corollary invention of the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_barometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury barometer">mercury barometer</a> (from the Greek word baros, meaning weight<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) -- the principle of which was described as early as 1631 by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, although there is no evidence that Descartes ever built such an instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Timbs_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Timbs-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The barometer arose from the need to solve a theoretical and practical problem: a <a href="/wiki/Suction_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Suction pump">suction pump</a> could only raise water up to a height of 10 metres (34 ft) (as recounted in Galileo's <i>Two New Sciences</i>). In the early 1600s, Torricelli's teacher, Galileo, argued that suction pumps were able to draw water from a well because of the "force of vacuum."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This argument, however, failed to explain the fact that suction pumps could only raise water to a height of 10 metres. </p><p>After Galileo's death, Torricelli proposed, rather, that we live in a "sea of air" that exerts a pressure analogous in many ways to the pressure of water on submerged objects.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this hypothesis, at sea level, the air in the atmosphere has weight that roughly equals the weight of a 10-meter column of water.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a suction pump creates a vacuum inside a tube, the atmosphere no longer pushes on the water column below the piston but still pushes down on the surface of the water outside, thus causing the water to rise until its weight counterbalances the weight of the atmosphere. This hypothesis might have led him to a striking prediction: That a suction pump might only raise mercury, which is 13 times heavier than water, to 1/13 the height of the water column (76 centimeters) in a similar pump. (It is possible however that Torricelli carried out the mercury experiment first, and then formulated his sea of air hypothesis<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>In 1643, Torricelli filled a meter-long tube (with one end sealed off) with <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>—thirteen times denser than water—and set the open end of the tube into a basin of the liquid metal and raised the sealed end so the tube stood vertically. The mercury level in the tube fell until it was about 76 centimetres (30 in) above the surface of the mercury basin, producing a <a href="/wiki/Torricellian_vacuum" class="mw-redirect" title="Torricellian vacuum">Torricellian vacuum</a> above.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also the first recorded incident of creating permanent vacuum. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_discovery_of_the_barometer;_Torricelli_experimenting_in_Wellcome_V0018147.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_discovery_of_the_barometer%3B_Torricelli_experimenting_in_Wellcome_V0018147.jpg/220px-The_discovery_of_the_barometer%3B_Torricelli_experimenting_in_Wellcome_V0018147.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_discovery_of_the_barometer%3B_Torricelli_experimenting_in_Wellcome_V0018147.jpg/330px-The_discovery_of_the_barometer%3B_Torricelli_experimenting_in_Wellcome_V0018147.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_discovery_of_the_barometer%3B_Torricelli_experimenting_in_Wellcome_V0018147.jpg/440px-The_discovery_of_the_barometer%3B_Torricelli_experimenting_in_Wellcome_V0018147.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2170" /></a><figcaption>Torricelli experimenting in the Alps, 1643</figcaption></figure> <p>A second unambiguous prediction of Torricelli's sea of air hypothesis was made by <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>, who argued, and proved, that the mercury column of the barometer should drop at higher elevations. Indeed, it dropped slightly on top of a 50-meter bell tower, and much more so at the peak of a 1460-meter mountain. </p><p>As we know now, the column's height fluctuates with <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a> at the same location, a fact which plays a key role in weather forecasting. Baseline changes in the column's height at different elevations, in turn, underlie the principle of the altimeter. Thus, this work laid the foundations for the modern concept of <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometer</a>, an instrument that would later play a key role in weather forecasting, and the first pressure <a href="/wiki/Altimeter" title="Altimeter">altimeter</a>, which measures altitude and is often used in hiking, climbing, skiing, and aviation. </p><p>The solution to the suction pump puzzle and the discovery of the principle of the barometer and altimeter have perpetuated Torricelli's fame with terms such as "Torricellian tube" and "Torricellian vacuum". The <a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">torr</a>, a unit of <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> used in vacuum measurements, is named after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torricelli's_law"><span id="Torricelli.27s_law"></span>Torricelli's law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Torricelli's law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Torricelli also discovered a law, regarding the speed of a fluid flowing out of an opening, which was later shown to be a particular case of <a href="/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle" title="Bernoulli's principle">Bernoulli's principle</a>. He found that water leaks out a small hole in the bottom of a container at a rate proportional to the square root of the depth of the water. So if the container is an upright cylinder with a small leak at the bottom and <i>y</i> is the depth of the water at time <i>t</i>, then </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dt}}=-k{\sqrt {y}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mi>y</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dt}}=-k{\sqrt {y}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/839dc119f3d51522994f60ea1c5d72b6d29cbc08" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:12.417ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {dy}{dt}}=-k{\sqrt {y}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>for some constant <i>k</i> > 0.<sup id="cite_ref-R._Driver_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._Driver-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torricelli's_principle"><span id="Torricelli.27s_principle"></span>Torricelli's principle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Torricelli's principle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of center of gravity was discovered by Archimedes. Torricelli, following in his footsteps, discovered an important new principle, Torricelli’s principle, which says: if any number of bodies be so connected that, by their motion, their centre of gravity can neither ascend nor descend, then those bodies are in equilibrium.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is essentially a version of the principle of virtual work. This principle was later used by Christiaan Huygens to study pendulum motion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_study_of_projectiles">The study of projectiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The study of projectiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Torricelli studied projectiles and how they traveled through the air. "Perhaps his most notable achievement in the field of projectiles was to establish for the first time the idea of an <a href="/wiki/Envelope_(mathematics)" title="Envelope (mathematics)">envelope</a>: projectiles sent out at [...] the same speed in all directions trace out parabolas which are all tangent to a common paraboloid. This envelope became known as the <i>parabola di sicurezza</i> (<a href="/wiki/Parabola_of_safety" title="Parabola of safety">parabola of safety</a>)."<sup id="cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cause_of_wind">Cause of wind</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cause of wind"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Torricelli gave the first scientific description of the cause of <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">wind</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... winds are produced by differences of air temperature, and hence density, between two regions of the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torricelli's_work_in_mathematics"><span id="Torricelli.27s_work_in_mathematics"></span>Torricelli's work in mathematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Torricelli's work in mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Torricelli is also famous for the discovery of the <i>Torricelli's trumpet</i> (also - perhaps more often - known as <a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Horn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel's Horn">Gabriel's Horn</a>) whose surface area is <a href="/wiki/Infinity" title="Infinity">infinite</a>, but whose volume is finite. This was seen as an "incredible" paradox by many at the time, including Torricelli himself, and prompted a fierce controversy about the nature of infinity, also involving the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Torricelli was also a pioneer in the area of infinite series. In his <i>De dimensione parabolae</i> of 1644, Torricelli considered a decreasing sequence of positive terms <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{0},a_{1},a_{2},\ldots }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{0},a_{1},a_{2},\ldots }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/049711045b3af6f159bb66d9175beb17b0c698e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.677ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{0},a_{1},a_{2},\ldots }"></span> and showed the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Telescoping_series" title="Telescoping series">telescoping series</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{0}-a_{1})+(a_{1}-a_{2})+\cdots }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{0}-a_{1})+(a_{1}-a_{2})+\cdots }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea64c603987321c3fde90d6bd841cad89ac3cab4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:26.84ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{0}-a_{1})+(a_{1}-a_{2})+\cdots }"></span> necessarily converges to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{0}-L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{0}-L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf60a0e97d98b77c98d9d2df4a383c669ea62ea5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.707ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{0}-L}"></span>, where <i>L</i> is the limit of the sequence, and in this way gives a proof of the formula for the sum of a geometric series. </p><p>Torricelli developed further the <a href="/wiki/Method_of_indivisibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Method of indivisibles">method of indivisibles</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bonaventura_Cavalieri" title="Bonaventura Cavalieri">Cavalieri</a>. Many 17th century mathematicians learned of the method through Torricelli whose writing was more accessible than Cavalieri's.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italian_submarines">Italian submarines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Italian submarines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torricelli_(S-512);0837310.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Torricelli_%28S-512%29%3B0837310.jpg/220px-Torricelli_%28S-512%29%3B0837310.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Torricelli_%28S-512%29%3B0837310.jpg/330px-Torricelli_%28S-512%29%3B0837310.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Torricelli_%28S-512%29%3B0837310.jpg/440px-Torricelli_%28S-512%29%3B0837310.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Torricelli (S-512);0837310</figcaption></figure> <p>Several Italian Navy submarines were named after Evangelista Torricelli: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Micca-class_submarine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micca-class submarine (page does not exist)"><i>Micca</i> class submarine</a>, built in 1918, stricken in 1930</li> <li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torricelli-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Title page to a 1823 copy of Lezioni accademiche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Torricelli-4.jpg/150px-Torricelli-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Torricelli-4.jpg/225px-Torricelli-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Torricelli-4.jpg/300px-Torricelli-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2361" data-file-height="4227" /></a><figcaption>Title page to a 1823 copy of <i>Lezioni accademiche</i></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1959_CPA_2279.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1959_CPA_2279.jpg/170px-1959_CPA_2279.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1959_CPA_2279.jpg/255px-1959_CPA_2279.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1959_CPA_2279.jpg/340px-1959_CPA_2279.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1285" data-file-height="1779" /></a><figcaption>1959 Evangelista Torricelli <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative stamp</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S.S.R." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.S.R.">U.S.S.R.</a></figcaption></figure>An <a href="/wiki/Archimede_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Archimede class submarine"><i>Archimede</i> class submarine</a> (1934), transferred to Spain in 1937 and renamed <i>General Mola</i>, stricken in 1959</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Brin_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Brin class submarine"><i>Benedetto Brin</i> class submarine</a> (1937), sank in the Red Sea due to the British Navy in 1940</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli_(S_512)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelista Torricelli (S 512) (page does not exist)"><i>Evangelista Torricelli</i></a>, the former <a href="/wiki/USS_Lizardfish_(SS-373)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Lizardfish (SS-373)">USS <i>Lizardfish</i></a>, transferred to Italy in 1960 and decommissioned in 1976</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His original manuscripts are preserved at Florence, Italy. The following have appeared in print: </p> <ul><li><i>Trattato del moto</i> (before 1641)</li> <li><i>Opera geometrica</i> (1644)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbctos.2017gen08127/"><i>Lezioni accademiche</i> (Firenze, 1715)</a></li> <li><i>Esperienza dell'argento vivo</i> (Berlin, 1897)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_median" title="Geometric median">Geometric median</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logarithmic_spiral#Properties" title="Logarithmic spiral">Logarithmic spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricellian_chamber" title="Torricellian chamber">Torricellian chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vena_contracta" title="Vena contracta">Vena contracta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Berti" title="Gasparo Berti">Gasparo Berti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_degli_Angeli" title="Stefano degli Angeli">Stefano degli Angeli</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611124833/https://www.lexico.com/definition/torricelli%2C_evangelista">"Torricelli, Evangelista"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Torricelli,+Evangelista">the original</a> on 2022-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Torricelli%2C+Evangelista&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FTorricelli%2C%2BEvangelista&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Torricelli">"Torricelli"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Torricelli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FTorricelli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magill2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Magill2013_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magill2013_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_N._Magill2013" class="citation book cs1">Frank N. Magill (13 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wcbcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT3060"><i>The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 3060–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-92421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-92421-8"><bdi>978-1-135-92421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+17th+and+18th+Centuries%3A+Dictionary+of+World+Biography&rft.pages=3060-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-135-92421-8&rft.au=Frank+N.+Magill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwcbcAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT3060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MT_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MT_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Torricelli.html">"Evangelista Torricelli"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FTorricelli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philip_Robinson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philip_Robinson_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Philip (March 1994). "Evangelista Torricelli". <i>The Mathematical Gazette</i>. <b>78</b> (481): 37–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3619429">10.2307/3619429</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3619429">3619429</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250441421">250441421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematical+Gazette&rft.atitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=481&rft.pages=37-47&rft.date=1994-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250441421%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3619429%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3619429&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frederick_John_Jervis-Smith_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJervis-Smith1908" class="citation book cs1">Jervis-Smith, Frederick John (1908). <i>Evangelista Torricelli</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781286262184" title="Special:BookSources/9781286262184"><bdi>9781286262184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1908&rft.isbn=9781286262184&rft.aulast=Jervis-Smith&rft.aufirst=Frederick+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Torricelli.html">"Evangelista Torricelli"</a>. <i>Turnbull world wide web server</i>. J J O'Conno and E F Robertson<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turnbull+world+wide+web+server&rft.atitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2Fhistory%2FBiographies%2FTorricelli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Favaro, Antonio, ed. (1890–1909). <i>Opere di Galileo Galilei. Edizione Nazionale. Vol. XVIII</i> (in Italian). Florence: Barbera. p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mancosu_and_Ezio-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mancosu_and_Ezio_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancosuEzio1991" class="citation journal cs1">Mancosu, Paolo; Ezio, Vailati (March 1991). "Torricelli's Infinitely Long Solid and Its Philosophical Reception in the Seventeenth Century". <i>Isis</i>. <b>82</b> (1): 50–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F355637">10.1086/355637</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/233514">233514</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144679838">144679838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Torricelli%27s+Infinitely+Long+Solid+and+Its+Philosophical+Reception+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=50-70&rft.date=1991-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144679838%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F233514%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F355637&rft.aulast=Mancosu&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.au=Ezio%2C+Vailati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2010" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Gabrielle (2010). <i>An Ocean of Air: A Natural History of the Atmosphere</i>. London: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408807132" title="Special:BookSources/9781408807132"><bdi>9781408807132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ocean+of+Air%3A+A+Natural+History+of+the+Atmosphere&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781408807132&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Torricelli,_Evangelista" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Torricelli, Evangelista">Torricelli, Evangelista</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Torricelli%2C+Evangelista&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=61-62&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilder-SmithShaw2007-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilder-SmithShaw2007_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnelies_Wilder-SmithMarc_ShawEli_Schwartz2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Annelies_Wilder-Smith" title="Annelies Wilder-Smith">Annelies Wilder-Smith</a>; Marc Shaw; Eli Schwartz (7 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hUHJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71"><i>Travel Medicine: Tales Behind the Science</i></a>. Routledge. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-35216-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-35216-4"><bdi>978-1-136-35216-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travel+Medicine%3A+Tales+Behind+the+Science&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-06-07&rft.isbn=978-1-136-35216-4&rft.au=Annelies+Wilder-Smith&rft.au=Marc+Shaw&rft.au=Eli+Schwartz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhUHJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timbs-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timbs_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimbs1868" class="citation book cs1">Timbs, John (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wonderfulinvent01timbgoog"><i>Wonderful Inventions: From the Mariner's Compass to the Electric Telegraph Cable</i></a>. London: George Routledge and Sons. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wonderfulinvent01timbgoog/page/n66">41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1172827800" title="Special:BookSources/978-1172827800"><bdi>978-1172827800</bdi></a>. <q>Torricelli died in 1647, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wonderful+Inventions%3A+From+the+Mariner%27s+Compass+to+the+Electric+Telegraph+Cable&rft.place=London&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=George+Routledge+and+Sons&rft.date=1868&rft.isbn=978-1172827800&rft.aulast=Timbs&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwonderfulinvent01timbgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:12112-1">"<i>Torricellia</i> DC. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"</a>. <i>Plants of the World Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Torricellia+DC.+%7C+Plants+of+the+World+Online+%7C+Kew+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A12112-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/torricelli.html">"Evangelista Torricelli"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemed.chem.purdue.edu%2Fgenchem%2Fhistory%2Ftorricelli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Timbs-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Timbs_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimbs1868" class="citation book cs1">Timbs, John (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wonderfulinvent01timbgoog"><i>Wonderful Inventions: From the Mariner's Compass to the Electric Telegraph Cable</i></a>. London: George Routledge and Sons. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wonderfulinvent01timbgoog/page/n67">41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1172827800" title="Special:BookSources/978-1172827800"><bdi>978-1172827800</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wonderful+Inventions%3A+From+the+Mariner%27s+Compass+to+the+Electric+Telegraph+Cable&rft.place=London&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=George+Routledge+and+Sons&rft.date=1868&rft.isbn=978-1172827800&rft.aulast=Timbs&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwonderfulinvent01timbgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archive.org/stream/harvardcasehisto010924mbp/harvardcasehisto010924mbp_djvu.txt">"Harvard Case Histories In Experimental Science, Volume I"</a>. Harvard University Press. 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard+Case+Histories+In+Experimental+Science%2C+Volume+I&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fharvardcasehisto010924mbp%2Fharvardcasehisto010924mbp_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillispie1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coulston_Gillispie" title="Charles Coulston Gillispie">Gillispie, Charles Coulston</a> (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgeofobjectivit0000gill"><i>The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas</i></a></span>. Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgeofobjectivit0000gill/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02350-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02350-6"><bdi>0-691-02350-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edge+of+Objectivity%3A+An+Essay+in+the+History+of+Scientific+Ideas&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=0-691-02350-6&rft.aulast=Gillispie&rft.aufirst=Charles+Coulston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedgeofobjectivit0000gill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R._Driver-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R._Driver_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriver1998" class="citation journal cs1">Driver, R. (May 1998). "Torricelli's Law: An Ideal Example of an Elementary ODE". <i>The American Mathematical Monthly</i>. <b>105</b> (5): 454. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3109809">10.2307/3109809</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109809">3109809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Mathematical+Monthly&rft.atitle=Torricelli%27s+Law%3A+An+Ideal+Example+of+an+Elementary+ODE&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=454&rft.date=1998-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3109809&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3109809%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHavil2007" class="citation book cs1">Havil, Julian (2007). "Chapter 8: Torricelli's trumpet". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lQ0N9H793GQC"><i>Nonplussed!: mathematical proof of implausible ideas</i></a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 82–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12056-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12056-0"><bdi>978-0-691-12056-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+Torricelli%27s+trumpet&rft.btitle=Nonplussed%21%3A+mathematical+proof+of+implausible+ideas&rft.pages=82-91&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12056-0&rft.aulast=Havil&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlQ0N9H793GQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Alexander2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amir_Alexander" title="Amir Alexander">Amir Alexander</a> (2014). <i>Infinitesimal: How a Dangerous Mathematical Theory Shaped the Modern World</i>. Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0374176815" title="Special:BookSources/978-0374176815"><bdi>978-0374176815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infinitesimal%3A+How+a+Dangerous+Mathematical+Theory+Shaped+the+Modern+World&rft.pub=Scientific+American+%2F+Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0374176815&rft.au=Amir+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAubert1989" class="citation book cs1">Aubert, André (1989). "Prehistory of the Zeta-Function". In Aubert, Karl Egil; Bombieri, Enrico; Goldfeld, Dorian (eds.). <i>Number Theory, Trace Formulas and Discrete Groups</i>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1483216232" title="Special:BookSources/978-1483216232"><bdi>978-1483216232</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prehistory+of+the+Zeta-Function&rft.btitle=Number+Theory%2C+Trace+Formulas+and+Discrete+Groups&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1483216232&rft.aulast=Aubert&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Gandt1987" class="citation book cs1">de Gandt, François, ed. (1987). <i>L'Oeuvre de Torricelli: Science galiléene et nouvelle géométrie</i>. Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Nice. Vol. 32. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Oeuvre+de+Torricelli%3A+Science+galil%C3%A9ene+et+nouvelle+g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Publications+de+la+Facult%C3%A9+des+Lettres+et+Sciences+Humaines+de+Nice&rft.pub=Les+Belles+Lettres&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShampoKyle1986" class="citation journal cs1">Shampo, M. A.; Kyle, R A (March 1986). "Italian physicist-mathematician invents the barometer". <i><a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic_Proceedings" title="Mayo Clinic Proceedings">Mayo Clinic Proceedings</a></i>. <b>61</b> (3): 204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0025-6196%2812%2961850-3">10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61850-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3511332">3511332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Italian+physicist-mathematician+invents+the+barometer&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=204&rft.date=1986-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0025-6196%2812%2961850-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3511332&rft.aulast=Shampo&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rft.au=Kyle%2C+R+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJervis-Smith1908" class="citation book cs1">Jervis-Smith, Frederick John (1908). <i>Evangelista Torricelli</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781286262184" title="Special:BookSources/9781286262184"><bdi>9781286262184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1908&rft.isbn=9781286262184&rft.aulast=Jervis-Smith&rft.aufirst=Frederick+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriver1998" class="citation journal cs1">Driver, R. (May 1998). "Torricelli's Law: An Ideal Example of an Elementary ODE". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Mathematical_Monthly" title="The American Mathematical Monthly">The American Mathematical Monthly</a></i>. <b>105</b> (5): 454. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3109809">10.2307/3109809</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109809">3109809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Mathematical+Monthly&rft.atitle=Torricelli%27s+Law%3A+An+Ideal+Example+of+an+Elementary+ODE&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=454&rft.date=1998-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3109809&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3109809%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancosuEzio1991" class="citation journal cs1">Mancosu, Paolo; Ezio, Vailati (1991). "Torricelli's Infinitely Long Solid and Its Philosophical Reception in the Seventeenth Century". <i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(journal)" title="Isis (journal)">Isis</a></i>. <b>82</b> (1): 50–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F355637">10.1086/355637</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144679838">144679838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Torricelli%27s+Infinitely+Long+Solid+and+Its+Philosophical+Reception+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=50-70&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F355637&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144679838%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mancosu&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.au=Ezio%2C+Vailati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Philip J. (1994). "Evangelista Torricelli". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mathematical_Gazette" title="The Mathematical Gazette">The Mathematical Gazette</a></i>. <b>78</b> (481): 37–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3619429">10.2307/3619429</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3619429">3619429</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250441421">250441421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematical+Gazette&rft.atitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=481&rft.pages=37-47&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250441421%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3619429%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3619429&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegre1991" class="citation book cs1">Segre, Michael (1991). <i>In the wake of Galileo</i>. New Brunswick: <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+wake+of+Galileo&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Segre&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimbs1868" class="citation book cs1">Timbs, John (1868). <i>Wonderful Inventions: From the Mariner's Compass to the Electric Telegraph Cable</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/George_Routledge_and_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="George Routledge and Sons">George Routledge and Sons</a>. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1172827800" title="Special:BookSources/978-1172827800"><bdi>978-1172827800</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wonderful+Inventions%3A+From+the+Mariner%27s+Compass+to+the+Electric+Telegraph+Cable&rft.place=London&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=George+Routledge+and+Sons&rft.date=1868&rft.isbn=978-1172827800&rft.aulast=Timbs&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Evangelista Torricelli, Encyclopædia Britannica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Evangelista-Torricelli">Evangelista Torricelli | Italian physicist and mathematician</a></li> <li>Evangelista Torricelli, Treccani Enciclopedia <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/evangelista-torricelli/">Torricèlli, Evangelista nell'Enciclopedia Treccani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=154455">Evangelista Torricelli</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evangelista_Torricelli" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Evangelista Torricelli">Evangelista Torricelli</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/multi/torricel/index.html">University of Florence article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928092930/http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/multi/torricel/index.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galileo.stanford.edu/about/">The Galileo Correspondence Project at Stanford University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180719050643/http://galileo.stanford.edu/about/">Archived</a> 2018-07-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lindahall.org/evangelista-torricelli/">Scientist of the Day – Evangelista Torricelli</a> at <a href="/wiki/Linda_Hall_Library" title="Linda Hall Library">Linda Hall Library</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1994" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Philip J. (1994). "Evangelista Torricelli". <i>The Mathematical Gazette</i>. <b>78</b> (481): 37–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3619429">10.2307/3619429</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3619429">3619429</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250441421">250441421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematical+Gazette&rft.atitle=Evangelista+Torricelli&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=481&rft.pages=37-47&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250441421%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3619429%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3619429&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarton1923" class="citation journal cs1">Sarton (1923). "Reviewed work: Opere di Evangelista Torricelli, Gino Loria, Giuseppe Vassura". <i>Isis</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 151–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F358128">10.1086/358128</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/223606">223606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Opere+di+Evangelista+Torricelli%2C+Gino+Loria%2C+Giuseppe+Vassura&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=151-154&rft.date=1923&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F358128&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F223606%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Sarton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMancosuVailati1991" class="citation journal cs1">Mancosu, Paolo; Vailati, Ezio (1991). "Torricelli's Infinitely Long Solid and Its Philosophical Reception in the Seventeenth Century". <i>Isis</i>. <b>82</b> (1): 50–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F355637">10.1086/355637</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/233514">233514</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144679838">144679838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Torricelli%27s+Infinitely+Long+Solid+and+Its+Philosophical+Reception+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=50-70&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144679838%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F233514%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F355637&rft.aulast=Mancosu&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.au=Vailati%2C+Ezio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Classic Inventions: Torricelli's Vacuum". <i>The Science News-Letter</i>. <b>16</b> (436): 97–99. 1929. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3905198">10.2307/3905198</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3905198">3905198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+News-Letter&rft.atitle=Classic+Inventions%3A+Torricelli%27s+Vacuum&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=436&rft.pages=97-99&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3905198&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3905198%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriver1998" class="citation journal cs1">Driver, R. D. (1998). "Torricelli's Law: An Ideal Example of an Elementary ODE". <i>The American Mathematical Monthly</i>. <b>105</b> (5): 453–455. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3109809">10.2307/3109809</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109809">3109809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Mathematical+Monthly&rft.atitle=Torricelli%27s+Law%3A+An+Ideal+Example+of+an+Elementary+ODE&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=453-455&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3109809&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3109809%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=R.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvangelista+Torricelli" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Scientists whose names are used as units</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SI base units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">André-Marie Ampère</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin" title="Lord Kelvin">Lord Kelvin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SI derived units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Celsius" title="Anders Celsius">Anders Celsius</a> (degree <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Harold_Gray" title="Louis Harold Gray">Louis Harold Gray</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">gray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit)" title="Henry (unit)">henry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ohm" title="Georg Ohm">Georg Ohm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">pascal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Siemens" title="Werner von Siemens">Werner von Siemens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit)" title="Siemens (unit)">siemens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Maximilian_Sievert" title="Rolf Maximilian Sievert">Rolf Maximilian Sievert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">sievert</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit)" title="Tesla (unit)">tesla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Wilhelm Eduard Weber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weber_(unit)" title="Weber (unit)">weber</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-SI metric (<a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">cgs</a>) units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Jonas Ångström">Anders Jonas Ångström</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom">angstrom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debye" title="Debye">debye</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lor%C3%A1nd_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s" title="Loránd Eötvös">Loránd Eötvös</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eotvos_(unit)" title="Eotvos (unit)">eotvos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gal_(unit)" title="Gal (unit)">gal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gauss_(unit)" title="Gauss (unit)">gauss</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gilbert_(physicist)" title="William Gilbert (physicist)">William Gilbert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gilbert_(unit)" title="Gilbert (unit)">gilbert</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kayser" title="Heinrich Kayser">Heinrich Kayser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kayser_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayser (unit)">kayser</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Lambert" title="Johann Heinrich Lambert">Johann Heinrich Lambert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lambert_(unit)" title="Lambert (unit)">lambert</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Langley" title="Samuel Langley">Samuel Langley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Langley_(unit)" title="Langley (unit)">langley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maxwell_(unit)" title="Maxwell (unit)">maxwell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Hans Christian Ørsted</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oersted" title="Oersted">oersted</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_L%C3%A9onard_Marie_Poiseuille" title="Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille">Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poise_(unit)" title="Poise (unit)">poise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Stokes,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet">Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stokes_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stokes (unit)">stokes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rayl" title="Rayl">rayl</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">US<br /> customary</a> units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gabriel_Fahrenheit" title="Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit">Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit</a> (degree <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Lambert" title="Johann Heinrich Lambert">Johann Heinrich Lambert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foot-lambert" title="Foot-lambert">foot-lambert</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquorn_Rankine" class="mw-redirect" title="Macquorn Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">degree Rankine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-systematic units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bel_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bel (unit)">bel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curie_(unit)" title="Curie (unit)">curie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curie_(unit)" title="Curie (unit)">curie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">dalton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Faraday_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faraday (unit)">faraday</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mache" title="Heinrich Mache">Heinrich Mache</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mache_(unit)" title="Mache (unit)">Mache</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Antoine_Ferchault_de_R%C3%A9aumur" title="René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur">René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9aumur_scale" title="Réaumur scale">degree Réaumur</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roentgen_(unit)" title="Roentgen (unit)">roentgen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thomson_(unit)" title="Thomson (unit)">thomson</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evangelista Torricelli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">torr</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_scientists_whose_names_are_used_as_units" title="List of scientists whose names are used as units">List of scientists whose names are used as units</a> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_scientists_whose_names_are_used_in_physical_constants" title="List of scientists whose names are used in physical constants">Scientists whose names are used in physical constants</a> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people" title="List of chemical elements named after people">People whose names are used in chemical element names</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102490#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102490#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102490#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000080766399">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24633476">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/142544/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrrrBQgbCFKgV7qMx3WjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118623427">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85800789">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12117674q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12117674q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Torricelli, Evangelista"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV037977">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35791203">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2003202318&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1762491">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1267092">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p128991682">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90408882">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000411784">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=246997">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810601550705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/100568">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269054105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513375406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14822297">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11598666?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=154455">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:torricelli.evangelista">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/195973">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1089451">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="TORRICELLI, Evangelista"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/evangelista-torricelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118623427.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118623427">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029581206">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6k93ntz">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> 1 </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&oldid=1256522950">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evangelista_Torricelli&oldid=1256522950</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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