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Kripke and Putnam have suggested that their meaning begins with rigid designation, with any further implications emerging after empirical study. I part... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_805617" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The semantics of natural kind terms has recently been seen as a problem of reference. Kripke and Putnam have suggested that their meaning begins with rigid designation, with any further implications emerging after empirical study. I part ways with this approach and instead offer an account that focuses on the contribution that these terms make to the inferential roles of different sorts of sentences. I note that natural kind terms play an odd array of grammatical roles, both as subject and as parts of predicates, and explain why this dual role contributes something pragmatically significant to explanations of natural phenomena.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/805617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99a65df93ccf1e51135c9922e20099b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51232051,"asset_id":805617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51232051/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27817" type="text/json">{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_805617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="805617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 805617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_805617", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_805617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805617; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_805617"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_805617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="805617"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805617; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=805617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_805617").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_805617").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="805617"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=805617]'), work: {"id":805617,"title":"The Curious Role of Natural Kind Terms","created_at":"2011-08-05T04:28:06.603-07:00","owner_id":27817,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/805617/The_Curious_Role_of_Natural_Kind_Terms","slug":"The_Curious_Role_of_Natural_Kind_Terms","dom_id":"work_805617","summary":"The semantics of natural kind terms has recently been seen as a problem of reference. Kripke and Putnam have suggested that their meaning begins with rigid designation, with any further implications emerging after empirical study. I part ways with this approach and instead offer an account that focuses on the contribution that these terms make to the inferential roles of different sorts of sentences. I note that natural kind terms play an odd array of grammatical roles, both as subject and as parts of predicates, and explain why this dual role contributes something pragmatically significant to explanations of natural phenomena.","publication":"Pacific philosophical quarterly","publication_with_fallback":"Pacific philosophical quarterly","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51232051,"asset_id":805617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51232051/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51232051/1468-0114.t01-1-0014120170107-11687-138ncni-libre.pdf?1483784543=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Curious_Role_of_Natural_Kind_Terms.pdf\u0026Expires=1738682029\u0026Signature=E0y3e6tl2AxMQaftgH-on9vJAqYWSAfbJ0bGjb2pfvUnKu01LqXK8WEVBAKiNUbPgea1mLrdlktSAZocQsF2oI~bMKW3AEfFt7YCzMV0eHzPy~iStedIZuGPCK5bwtIOWaqBFWo8aLPo3nYqi2QnBbgNzTsDBzE0N~qTHOdPZAjuOu1P-LDJjCmEDOZ4w2H7qGKujszsfsc5GVcsUyMQM~9eb5EBCgn4o~3MFtkVvFHxMW8fFr~sgUlfMwg5P8fYK~Bgn0feydhWsC7UkeU52i3AmpoPv4aW~zxrVt0eOg1Q2RJxHzE6o0TCIKxh-tf15YNQOG~NSKpWmhv6l~lQvQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51232051/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51232051/mini_magick20190126-3148-14fx4z5.png?1548494405"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":51232051,"asset_id":805617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51232051/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51232051/1468-0114.t01-1-0014120170107-11687-138ncni-libre.pdf?1483784543=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Curious_Role_of_Natural_Kind_Terms.pdf\u0026Expires=1738682029\u0026Signature=E0y3e6tl2AxMQaftgH-on9vJAqYWSAfbJ0bGjb2pfvUnKu01LqXK8WEVBAKiNUbPgea1mLrdlktSAZocQsF2oI~bMKW3AEfFt7YCzMV0eHzPy~iStedIZuGPCK5bwtIOWaqBFWo8aLPo3nYqi2QnBbgNzTsDBzE0N~qTHOdPZAjuOu1P-LDJjCmEDOZ4w2H7qGKujszsfsc5GVcsUyMQM~9eb5EBCgn4o~3MFtkVvFHxMW8fFr~sgUlfMwg5P8fYK~Bgn0feydhWsC7UkeU52i3AmpoPv4aW~zxrVt0eOg1Q2RJxHzE6o0TCIKxh-tf15YNQOG~NSKpWmhv6l~lQvQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51232051/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51232051/mini_magick20190126-3148-14fx4z5.png?1548494405"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":21,"ordered_authors":[{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2002,"publication_year_with_fallback":2002,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":74,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_805619" data-work_id="805619" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/805619/Rigid_designation_and_anaphoric_theories_of_reference">Rigid designation and anaphoric theories of reference</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Few philosophers today doubt the importance of some notion of rigid designation, as suggested by Kripke and Putnam for names and natural kind terms. At the very least, most of us want our theories to be compatible with the most plausible... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_805619" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Few philosophers today doubt the importance of some notion of rigid designation, as suggested by Kripke and Putnam for names and natural kind terms. At the very least, most of us want our theories to be compatible with the most plausible elements of that account. Anaphoric theories of reference have gained some attention lately, but little attention has been given to how they square with rigid designation. Although the differences between anaphoric theories and many interpretations of the New Theory of reference are substantial, I argue that rigid designation and anaphoric theories can be reconciled with one another and in fact complement one another in important ways.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/805619" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea3799b890dbfb64e6146897fff2626c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4825545,"asset_id":805619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825545/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27817" type="text/json">{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_805619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="805619"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 805619, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_805619", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_805619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805619; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_805619"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_805619 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="805619"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805619; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=805619]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_805619").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_805619").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="805619"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="643053" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Studies">Philosophical Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="643053" type="text/json">{"id":643053,"name":"Philosophical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Studies","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=805619]'), work: {"id":805619,"title":"Rigid designation and anaphoric theories of reference","created_at":"2011-08-05T04:28:06.741-07:00","owner_id":27817,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/805619/Rigid_designation_and_anaphoric_theories_of_reference","slug":"Rigid_designation_and_anaphoric_theories_of_reference","dom_id":"work_805619","summary":"Few philosophers today doubt the importance of some notion of rigid designation, as suggested by Kripke and Putnam for names and natural kind terms. At the very least, most of us want our theories to be compatible with the most plausible elements of that account. Anaphoric theories of reference have gained some attention lately, but little attention has been given to how they square with rigid designation. Although the differences between anaphoric theories and many interpretations of the New Theory of reference are substantial, I argue that rigid designation and anaphoric theories can be reconciled with one another and in fact complement one another in important ways.","publication":"Philosophical studies","publication_with_fallback":"Philosophical studies","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4825545,"asset_id":805619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4825545/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/4825545/05rdatr-wolf-libre.pdf?1390838453=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRigid_designation_and_anaphoric_theories.pdf\u0026Expires=1737761409\u0026Signature=QUtlNstD4KOrsPEwQFuusTsC6HuIk671t5sZPPucXseJ0AoVUnfBhN~de8jU2YxXAS~is~vmzy3PuAui7PiXkJnEHvIWe8GGrS2YwceePKnxABCIouzVABA4lKu3tbkYR34LVo9ef8dH3zY6joj332sJcvvORsI1DcII1IFnoFFLX6uIW343diFuqDLQ1pSUhrO1pkXhQozlfEB-sBFUFt1RMfjMcstE0f81roIwtrRotiwEBOgdFtrnFjcfgVmqdhjtOkRdx0lh~7~BChQQhSYEuGqp3B0VKCgQVrJh-o8ATVgac3Ki-UlYzktsSCx3G9KEwyOMBsO3aXNEWBN5Ug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825545/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/4825545/mini_magick20190427-30919-vpgjnj.png?1556376590"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":4825545,"asset_id":805619,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4825545/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/4825545/05rdatr-wolf-libre.pdf?1390838453=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRigid_designation_and_anaphoric_theories.pdf\u0026Expires=1737761409\u0026Signature=QUtlNstD4KOrsPEwQFuusTsC6HuIk671t5sZPPucXseJ0AoVUnfBhN~de8jU2YxXAS~is~vmzy3PuAui7PiXkJnEHvIWe8GGrS2YwceePKnxABCIouzVABA4lKu3tbkYR34LVo9ef8dH3zY6joj332sJcvvORsI1DcII1IFnoFFLX6uIW343diFuqDLQ1pSUhrO1pkXhQozlfEB-sBFUFt1RMfjMcstE0f81roIwtrRotiwEBOgdFtrnFjcfgVmqdhjtOkRdx0lh~7~BChQQhSYEuGqp3B0VKCgQVrJh-o8ATVgac3Ki-UlYzktsSCx3G9KEwyOMBsO3aXNEWBN5Ug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825545/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/4825545/mini_magick20190427-30919-vpgjnj.png?1556376590"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":12,"ordered_authors":[{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":643053,"name":"Philosophical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Studies","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2006,"publication_year_with_fallback":2006,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":60,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_805620" data-work_id="805620" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/805620/Sellars_on_the_Revision_of_Theoretical_Commitments">Sellars on the Revision of Theoretical Commitments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper addresses some of Sellars's views on conceptual change and revision, spread across several books and articles. It begins with Sellars's distinction between rules of criticism and rules of action I argue that Sellars's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_805620" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper addresses some of Sellars's views on conceptual change and revision, spread across several books and articles. It begins with Sellars's distinction between rules of criticism and rules of action I argue that Sellars's distinction here actually sheds light on the epistemology of theoretical revision. Many (if not all) revisions of theoretical commitments can be motivated by the force of rules of action that govern the maintenance of our theories. I offer a partial account of this, positing two rules of action. A rule of maximizing explanatory strength compels us to refine and revise theories to improve their performance, while a rule of conservatism puts boundaries on the acceptable pursuit of those goals. The dynamic between these two guides revision, narrowing the range of acceptable options. Sellars's conception of the roles of analogy and affinity are considered, as well as an elaboration of a Sellarsian point about meaning change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/805620" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f2e1491d9d914f185962683349e29c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4825549,"asset_id":805620,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825549/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27817" type="text/json">{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_805620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="805620"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 805620, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_805620", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_805620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805620; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_805620"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_805620 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="805620"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805620; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=805620]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_805620").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_805620").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_805621" data-work_id="805621" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/805621/LANGUAGE_MIND_AND_WORLD_CANT_WE_ALL_JUST_GET_ALONG">LANGUAGE, MIND, AND WORLD: CAN'T WE ALL JUST GET ALONG?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper addresses recent claims made by Richard Rorty about anti-representationalist theories of meaning. Rorty asserts that a faithful rendering of the core anti-representationalist assumptions precludes even revised pieces of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_805621" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper addresses recent claims made by Richard Rorty about anti-representationalist theories of meaning. Rorty asserts that a faithful rendering of the core anti-representationalist assumptions precludes even revised pieces of representationalist semantics like "refers" or "true" and epistemological correlates like "answering to the facts." Rorty even asserts that such notions invite reactionary authoritarian elements that would impede the development of a democratic humanism. I reject this claim and assert that such notions (suitably constructed) pose no greater threat to democratic humanism than the alternatives and in fact are crucial to its maintenance and continuing success. These notions (suitably constructed) reflect a meta-theoretical stance that I call "openness" that I believe lies at the heart of both democratic humanism and the pragmatism from which Rorty claims to take his inspiration.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/805621" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="230698cb3416084f8cb40f28db633a34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4825551,"asset_id":805621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825551/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27817" type="text/json">{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_805621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="805621"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 805621, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_805621", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_805621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805621; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_805621"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_805621 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="805621"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805621; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=805621]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_805621").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_805621").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="805621"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="891" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphilosophy">Metaphilosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="891" type="text/json">{"id":891,"name":"Metaphilosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphilosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17440" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanism">Humanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17440" type="text/json">{"id":17440,"name":"Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanism","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44096" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge">Knowledge</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44096" type="text/json">{"id":44096,"name":"Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49006" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Objectivity">Objectivity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49006" type="text/json">{"id":49006,"name":"Objectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Objectivity","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=805621]'), work: {"id":805621,"title":"LANGUAGE, MIND, AND WORLD: CAN'T WE ALL JUST GET ALONG?","created_at":"2011-08-05T04:28:06.888-07:00","owner_id":27817,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/805621/LANGUAGE_MIND_AND_WORLD_CANT_WE_ALL_JUST_GET_ALONG","slug":"LANGUAGE_MIND_AND_WORLD_CANT_WE_ALL_JUST_GET_ALONG","dom_id":"work_805621","summary":"This paper addresses recent claims made by Richard Rorty about anti-representationalist theories of meaning. Rorty asserts that a faithful rendering of the core anti-representationalist assumptions precludes even revised pieces of representationalist semantics like \"refers\" or \"true\" and epistemological correlates like \"answering to the facts.\" Rorty even asserts that such notions invite reactionary authoritarian elements that would impede the development of a democratic humanism. I reject this claim and assert that such notions (suitably constructed) pose no greater threat to democratic humanism than the alternatives and in fact are crucial to its maintenance and continuing success. These notions (suitably constructed) reflect a meta-theoretical stance that I call \"openness\" that I believe lies at the heart of both democratic humanism and the pragmatism from which Rorty claims to take his inspiration.","publication":"Metaphilosophy","publication_with_fallback":"Metaphilosophy","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4825551,"asset_id":805621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4825551/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/4825551/06lmwcwajga-wolf-libre.pdf?1390838440=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLANGUAGE_MIND_AND_WORLD_CANT_WE_ALL_JUST.pdf\u0026Expires=1739812101\u0026Signature=SGOqLEASN5pBzLsDjXf6iX49X3IzflEmKyawbbJqFIfRLB0jc-ghHGn4f626ORctWuEYhMTQil6OFwymR4N930LTcfULt9ZbxQdQR9b0wgaPIuZ62m43UVIg5FWAMYxgGuIO~7Xq7U6bkt75GZpCW9P~~91vpwLF70rycVrEESPy12-PDFfoAL~nrTFn82q3sA-rDI4N3BrswmjaLUxZIiD98NJeO0pA41yYdaJP-eCJL2jQ7vWe0JKhL3hrMOxmjhLcsui0pk0J5XyXmWYciP2O3GV7groGCGTSkFRVc0KEa1zniiNxHBpYssos2zsN2ALQcn65-OiURC1D~TyKDA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825551/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/4825551/mini_magick20190427-30913-196d1te.png?1556376577"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":4825551,"asset_id":805621,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4825551/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/4825551/06lmwcwajga-wolf-libre.pdf?1390838440=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLANGUAGE_MIND_AND_WORLD_CANT_WE_ALL_JUST.pdf\u0026Expires=1739812101\u0026Signature=SGOqLEASN5pBzLsDjXf6iX49X3IzflEmKyawbbJqFIfRLB0jc-ghHGn4f626ORctWuEYhMTQil6OFwymR4N930LTcfULt9ZbxQdQR9b0wgaPIuZ62m43UVIg5FWAMYxgGuIO~7Xq7U6bkt75GZpCW9P~~91vpwLF70rycVrEESPy12-PDFfoAL~nrTFn82q3sA-rDI4N3BrswmjaLUxZIiD98NJeO0pA41yYdaJP-eCJL2jQ7vWe0JKhL3hrMOxmjhLcsui0pk0J5XyXmWYciP2O3GV7groGCGTSkFRVc0KEa1zniiNxHBpYssos2zsN2ALQcn65-OiURC1D~TyKDA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825551/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/4825551/mini_magick20190427-30913-196d1te.png?1556376577"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":24,"ordered_authors":[{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":891,"name":"Metaphilosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphilosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":17440,"name":"Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanism","nofollow":true},{"id":44096,"name":"Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge","nofollow":true},{"id":49006,"name":"Objectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Objectivity","nofollow":true},{"id":75000,"name":"Philosophy and Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Religious_Studies"}],"publication_year":2008,"publication_year_with_fallback":2008,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":54,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_805623" data-work_id="805623" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/805623/Reference_and_Incommensurability_What_Rigid_Designation_Wont_Get_You">Reference and Incommensurability: What Rigid Designation Won't Get You</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Causal theories of reference in the philosophy of language and philosophy of science have suggested that it could resolve lingering worries about incommensurability between theoretical claims in different paradigms, to borrow Kuhn's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_805623" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Causal theories of reference in the philosophy of language and philosophy of science have suggested that it could resolve lingering worries about incommensurability between theoretical claims in different paradigms, to borrow Kuhn's terms. If we co-refer throughout different paradigms, then the problems of incommensurability are greatly diminished, according to causal theorists. I argue that assuring ourselves of that sort of constancy of reference will require comparable sorts of cross-paradigm affinities, and thus provides us with no special relief on this problem. Suggestions on how to think about rigid designation across paradigms are included.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/805623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61db710ec7cd689b3537d8bf2b6fac8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51232059,"asset_id":805623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51232059/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27817" type="text/json">{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_805623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="805623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 805623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_805623", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_805623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805623; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_805623"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_805623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="805623"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805623; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=805623]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_805623").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_805623").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="805623"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=805623]'), work: {"id":805623,"title":"Reference and Incommensurability: What Rigid Designation Won't Get You","created_at":"2011-08-05T04:28:07.040-07:00","owner_id":27817,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/805623/Reference_and_Incommensurability_What_Rigid_Designation_Wont_Get_You","slug":"Reference_and_Incommensurability_What_Rigid_Designation_Wont_Get_You","dom_id":"work_805623","summary":"Causal theories of reference in the philosophy of language and philosophy of science have suggested that it could resolve lingering worries about incommensurability between theoretical claims in different paradigms, to borrow Kuhn's terms. If we co-refer throughout different paradigms, then the problems of incommensurability are greatly diminished, according to causal theorists. I argue that assuring ourselves of that sort of constancy of reference will require comparable sorts of cross-paradigm affinities, and thus provides us with no special relief on this problem. Suggestions on how to think about rigid designation across paradigms are included.","publication":"Acta Analytica","publication_with_fallback":"Acta Analytica","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51232059,"asset_id":805623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51232059/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51232059/s12136-007-0009-620170107-19137-1pl1zm4-libre.pdf?1483784542=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReference_and_Incommensurability_What_Ri.pdf\u0026Expires=1738867599\u0026Signature=WoDaUTcPtJwvzRko2ZAxpdS4JWuBb2OaErbC7N9MDzBfYFJ428UOopZebHjqLeIG5fu3xTRa-nhV9S44z5Y6VmliLd1zGNm8O5c7t2T1~eZIwF-7yy5fServ-MNkKZmhPttKy31jYS1SzIzc8KP9-r6NZgK3mrqg1Xpi-3PoPyXHFKVM6D7USAoEpkeR8C55L61UrvWGKhvdpuHA9at--43Q86hWToQSo4zQfkbPM6cR-kVZCKG-hGUzS2AqnjeDLDcMV2qPRnGIIbRLyNwykF9LYQLphKEZ-c~L-fLYvAXS0Z6PHjXAvDcNkSm-0ZhtaGGbrvOJAvbQhlg7LS7e0A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51232059/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51232059/mini_magick20190126-15387-17mtak6.png?1548494412"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":51232059,"asset_id":805623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51232059/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51232059/s12136-007-0009-620170107-19137-1pl1zm4-libre.pdf?1483784542=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReference_and_Incommensurability_What_Ri.pdf\u0026Expires=1738867599\u0026Signature=WoDaUTcPtJwvzRko2ZAxpdS4JWuBb2OaErbC7N9MDzBfYFJ428UOopZebHjqLeIG5fu3xTRa-nhV9S44z5Y6VmliLd1zGNm8O5c7t2T1~eZIwF-7yy5fServ-MNkKZmhPttKy31jYS1SzIzc8KP9-r6NZgK3mrqg1Xpi-3PoPyXHFKVM6D7USAoEpkeR8C55L61UrvWGKhvdpuHA9at--43Q86hWToQSo4zQfkbPM6cR-kVZCKG-hGUzS2AqnjeDLDcMV2qPRnGIIbRLyNwykF9LYQLphKEZ-c~L-fLYvAXS0Z6PHjXAvDcNkSm-0ZhtaGGbrvOJAvbQhlg7LS7e0A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51232059/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51232059/mini_magick20190126-15387-17mtak6.png?1548494412"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":16,"ordered_authors":[{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2007,"publication_year_with_fallback":2007,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":38,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_805626" data-work_id="805626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/805626/Kripke_Putnam_and_the_introduction_of_natural_kind_terms">Kripke, Putnam and the introduction of natural kind terms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, I will outline some of the important points made by Kripke and Putnam on the meaning of natural kind terms. Their notion of the baptism of natural kinds-the process by which kind terms are initially introduced into the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_805626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, I will outline some of the important points made by Kripke and Putnam on the meaning of natural kind terms. Their notion of the baptism of natural kinds-the process by which kind terms are initially introduced into the language -is of special concern here. I argue that their accounts leave some ambiguities that suggest a baptism of objects and kinds that is free of additional theoretical commitments. Both authors suggest that we name the stuff and then let the scientists tell us what properties it really has, and hence what the real meaning is. I contend that such a barren baptism, taken at face value, cannot succeed in the semantic roles it has been assigned and that softening the stance on baptism suggests a more subtle and complex relation between reference and theoretical commitment than has emerged thus far.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/805626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfc44b4dafbbed7d81946bf59049f168" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4825552,"asset_id":805626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825552/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. Wolf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27817" type="text/json">{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_805626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="805626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 805626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_805626", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_805626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_805626"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_805626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="805626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 805626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=805626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_805626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_805626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="805626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1013" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference">Reference</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1013" type="text/json">{"id":1013,"name":"Reference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning">Meaning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11845" type="text/json">{"id":11845,"name":"Meaning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=805626]'), work: {"id":805626,"title":"Kripke, Putnam and the introduction of natural kind terms","created_at":"2011-08-05T04:28:07.284-07:00","owner_id":27817,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/805626/Kripke_Putnam_and_the_introduction_of_natural_kind_terms","slug":"Kripke_Putnam_and_the_introduction_of_natural_kind_terms","dom_id":"work_805626","summary":"In this paper, I will outline some of the important points made by Kripke and Putnam on the meaning of natural kind terms. Their notion of the baptism of natural kinds-the process by which kind terms are initially introduced into the language -is of special concern here. I argue that their accounts leave some ambiguities that suggest a baptism of objects and kinds that is free of additional theoretical commitments. Both authors suggest that we name the stuff and then let the scientists tell us what properties it really has, and hence what the real meaning is. I contend that such a barren baptism, taken at face value, cannot succeed in the semantic roles it has been assigned and that softening the stance on baptism suggests a more subtle and complex relation between reference and theoretical commitment than has emerged thus far.","publication":"Acta Analytica","publication_with_fallback":"Acta Analytica","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4825552,"asset_id":805626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4825552/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/4825552/02kpinkt-wolf-libre.pdf?1390838439=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKripke_Putnam_and_the_introduction_of_na.pdf\u0026Expires=1739486931\u0026Signature=LeH9H1qcb8aB~A~jHxefY76PsfGj671UrNSEIuac8XIeoedMpX-wsiC0LxqY9o3MKxWiVVzGBihL6NL0d9P2iJk21iDR4zvQbMJDXScN7oS7u~9nGTSTP-gnct7ZxFnD3ORQMficWRsa7B26ljWJtgASQgSJJEeR2S7QOP6tRCZQBP4JjWoVXZ9QYvlXP~ZtIWyarG5hW-bb71ots0nTiHbqOkYZWqv7NZ6cpEknprhhHbCRo1NLkDWqqt4MqG9Z5pTiIh7pyYCnUnueCh9fcWKhMjPN39cf47yKZAgFetjIY7V5pZNYp67DJ~UftUy4qBF2-ue9cfLsnZnqCZOQEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825552/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/4825552/mini_magick20190427-16982-xteemk.png?1556376571"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":4825552,"asset_id":805626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/4825552/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/4825552/02kpinkt-wolf-libre.pdf?1390838439=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKripke_Putnam_and_the_introduction_of_na.pdf\u0026Expires=1739486931\u0026Signature=LeH9H1qcb8aB~A~jHxefY76PsfGj671UrNSEIuac8XIeoedMpX-wsiC0LxqY9o3MKxWiVVzGBihL6NL0d9P2iJk21iDR4zvQbMJDXScN7oS7u~9nGTSTP-gnct7ZxFnD3ORQMficWRsa7B26ljWJtgASQgSJJEeR2S7QOP6tRCZQBP4JjWoVXZ9QYvlXP~ZtIWyarG5hW-bb71ots0nTiHbqOkYZWqv7NZ6cpEknprhhHbCRo1NLkDWqqt4MqG9Z5pTiIh7pyYCnUnueCh9fcWKhMjPN39cf47yKZAgFetjIY7V5pZNYp67DJ~UftUy4qBF2-ue9cfLsnZnqCZOQEQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4825552/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/4825552/mini_magick20190427-16982-xteemk.png?1556376571"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":23,"ordered_authors":[{"id":27817,"first_name":"Michael P.","last_name":"Wolf","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"MichaelWolf","display_name":"Michael P. Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":1013,"name":"Reference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference","nofollow":true},{"id":11845,"name":"Meaning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2002,"publication_year_with_fallback":2002,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":155,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36224786 coauthored" data-work_id="36224786" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36224786/The_Ordinary_Language_Case_for_Contextualism_and_the_Relevance_of_Radical_Doubt_With_Michael_P_Wolf_">The Ordinary Language Case for Contextualism and the Relevance of Radical Doubt (With Michael P. Wolf)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many contextualist accounts in epistemology appeal to ordinary language and everyday practice as grounds for positing a low-standards form of knowledge (knowledgeL) that contrasts with high-standards accounts prevalent in epistemology... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36224786" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many contextualist accounts in epistemology appeal to ordinary language and everyday practice as grounds for positing a low-standards form of knowledge (knowledgeL) that contrasts with high-standards accounts prevalent in epistemology (knowledgeH). We compare these arguments to arguments from the height of "ordinary language " philosophy in the mid 20th century and find that all such arguments face great difficulties. However, in Malcolm's metatheoretical justification for his ordinary language methodology, we find a powerful argument for the legitimacy and necessity of knowledgeL (but not of knowledgeH). We contend that these appeals to practice do leave us with reasons to accept knowledgeL in the face of the more radical doubts raised by skeptics. We conclude by arguing that by relegating knowledgeH to isolated contexts, the contextualist fails to deal with the skeptical challenge head-on. KnowledgeH and knowledgeL represent competing, incompatible intuitions about knowledge, and we must choose between them. " Radical " doubts that drive most skeptical accounts serve to force confrontations between these intuitions and shape our conception of knowledge accordingly. A fallibilist conception, formed with proper attention to radical doubts, can address the skeptical challenge without illicit appeal to everyday usage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36224786" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="627922c8aacb94ead66c202ee6f1d84d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56127762,"asset_id":36224786,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56127762/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9883239" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JeremyKoons">Jeremy Koons</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9883239" type="text/json">{"id":9883239,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Koons","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"JeremyKoons","display_name":"Jeremy Koons","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/JeremyKoons","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36224786">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36224786"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. 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We contend that these appeals to practice do leave us with reasons to accept knowledgeL in the face of the more radical doubts raised by skeptics. We conclude by arguing that by relegating knowledgeH to isolated contexts, the contextualist fails to deal with the skeptical challenge head-on. KnowledgeH and knowledgeL represent competing, incompatible intuitions about knowledge, and we must choose between them. \" Radical \" doubts that drive most skeptical accounts serve to force confrontations between these intuitions and shape our conception of knowledge accordingly. A fallibilist conception, formed with proper attention to radical doubts, can address the skeptical challenge without illicit appeal to everyday usage. 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Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology","nofollow":true},{"id":893,"name":"Pragmatism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatism","nofollow":true},{"id":4004,"name":"Contextualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contextualism","nofollow":true},{"id":29711,"name":"Skepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skepticism","nofollow":true},{"id":36138,"name":"Ordinary Language Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ordinary_Language_Philosophy"}],"publication_year":2018,"publication_year_with_fallback":2018,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":107,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79138849 coauthored" data-work_id="79138849" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79138849/The_Normative_and_the_Natural">The Normative and the Natural</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79138849" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83cdaa72360ea1a2347bd26328b18470" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85959789,"asset_id":79138849,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85959789/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9883239" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JeremyKoons">Jeremy Koons</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9883239" type="text/json">{"id":9883239,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Koons","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"JeremyKoons","display_name":"Jeremy Koons","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/JeremyKoons","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-79138849">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-79138849"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. 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Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":893,"name":"Pragmatism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatism","nofollow":true},{"id":12912,"name":"Normativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normativity","nofollow":true},{"id":18182,"name":"Naturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naturalism"},{"id":138943,"name":"Normative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normative"}],"publication_year":2016,"publication_year_with_fallback":2016,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":59,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_93421291" data-work_id="93421291" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93421291/Making_Sense_of_the_Role_of_Assertions">Making Sense of the Role of Assertions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Much of the literature on speech acts and semantics assigns a type of theoretical priority to assertions; many philosophers assume, as Robert Brandom has put it, that assertion is the fundamental speech act. Others take a more pluralistic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_93421291" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Much of the literature on speech acts and semantics assigns a type of theoretical priority to assertions; many philosophers assume, as Robert Brandom has put it, that assertion is the fundamental speech act. Others take a more pluralistic approach, with many categories interwoven as peers, and no one category as fundamental. I suggest there is a way to embrace a pluralistic approach and explain the importance of assertions without making them fundamental. Their role instead becomes one of supporting connections between other categories, and surprisingly, turns on their unusually broad but very thin pragmatic character. 1. Searle (1962) and Austin (1962). 2. Wittgenstein (1953).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/93421291" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a17209af6ff5cd7ded5e41b4c9a70362" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":96163853,"asset_id":93421291,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96163853/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. 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Wolf","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27817/81311/89167/s65_michael_p..wolf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology","nofollow":true},{"id":106903,"name":"Philosophical investigations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_investigations","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2019,"publication_year_with_fallback":2019,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":8,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_96741442" data-work_id="96741442" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96741442/Rigid_Designation_and_Anaphoric_Theories_of_Reference">Rigid Designation and Anaphoric Theories of Reference</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Few philosophers today doubt the importance of some notion of rigid designation, as suggested by Kripke and Putnam for names and natural kind terms. At the very least, most of us want our theories to be compatible with the most plausible... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_96741442" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Few philosophers today doubt the importance of some notion of rigid designation, as suggested by Kripke and Putnam for names and natural kind terms. At the very least, most of us want our theories to be compatible with the most plausible elements of that account. Anaphoric theories of reference have gained some attention lately, but little attention has been given to how they square with rigid designation. Although the differences between anaphoric theories and many interpretations of the New Theory of reference are substantial, I argue that rigid designation and anaphoric theories can be reconciled with one another and in fact complement one another in important ways.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/96741442" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fa4b9b10be5dd3d6bdd974290377aa5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":98555955,"asset_id":96741442,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98555955/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27817" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/MichaelWolf">Michael P. 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At the very least, most of us want our theories to be compatible with the most plausible elements of that account. Anaphoric theories of reference have gained some attention lately, but little attention has been given to how they square with rigid designation. 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First, unless we accept to have scientific theories rest on the authority of a small number of researchers, empirical studies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70144122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For scientific theories grounded in empirical data, replicability is a core principle, for at least two reasons. First, unless we accept to have scientific theories rest on the authority of a small number of researchers, empirical studies should be replicable, in the sense that its methods and procedure should be detailed enough for someone else to conduct the same study. Second, for empirical results to provide a solid foundation for scientific theorizing, they should also be replicable, in the sense that most attempts at replicating the original study that produced them would yield similar results. The XPhi Replicability Project is primarily concerned with replicability in the second sense, that is: the replicability of results. In the past year, several projects have shed doubt on the replicability of key findings in psychology, and most notably social psychology. Because the methods of experimental philosophy have often been close to the ones used in social psychology, it is onl...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70144122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0d98b048f04827d9c8637621c186d9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80000784,"asset_id":70144122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80000784/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37216765" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/HannaKim">Hanna Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37216765" type="text/json">{"id":37216765,"first_name":"Hanna","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"HannaKim","display_name":"Hanna Kim","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/HannaKim","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70144122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70144122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70144122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70144122", }); 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Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For scientific theories grounded in empirical data, replicability is a core principle, for at least two reasons. First, unless we accept to have scientific theories rest on the authority of a small number of researchers, empirical studies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_100598398" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For scientific theories grounded in empirical data, replicability is a core principle, for at least two reasons. First, unless we accept to have scientific theories rest on the authority of a small number of researchers, empirical studies should be replicable, in the sense that its methods and procedure should be detailed enough for someone else to conduct the same study. Second, for empirical results to provide a solid foundation for scientific theorizing, they should also be replicable, in the sense that most attempts at replicating the original study that produced them would yield similar results. The XPhi Replicability Project is primarily concerned with replicability in the second sense, that is: the replicability of results. In the past year, several projects have shed doubt on the replicability of key findings in psychology, and most notably social psychology. Because the methods of experimental philosophy have often been close to the ones used in social psychology, it is onl...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/100598398" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b7e3753cf66a5e51f10431d820f2e16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":101376219,"asset_id":100598398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101376219/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37216765" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/HannaKim">Hanna Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37216765" type="text/json">{"id":37216765,"first_name":"Hanna","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"HannaKim","display_name":"Hanna Kim","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/HannaKim","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_100598398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="100598398"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 100598398, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_100598398", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/115307485/_D%C3%B3nde_est%C3%A1_la_deducci%C3%B3n_objetiva_de_Kant">¿Dónde está la deducción objetiva de Kant?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El prefacio de la primera edición de la Crítica de la razón pura de Kant está signado por la distinción entre los aspectos objetivo y subjetivo de la deducción trascendental. El aspecto objetivo es considerado esencial para el propósito... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_115307485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El prefacio de la primera edición de la Crítica de la razón pura de Kant está signado por la distinción entre los aspectos objetivo y subjetivo de la deducción trascendental. El aspecto objetivo es considerado esencial para el propósito principal de Kant, y se suele considerar que mantiene toda su fuerza incluso si el aspecto subjetivo no resulta convincente. La tesis de este artículo es doble. Primero, las interpretaciones más prominentes de esta distinción, en la literatura filosófica sobre Kant, no se sostienen. Segundo, lo central del aspecto objetivo no debe ser encontrado en el capítulo explícitamente dedicado a la deducción trascendental, sino más bien en el segundo capítulo de la Analítica de los principios. Esto implica que una parte del texto, frecuentemente considerada como el corazón mismo de la Crítica, es descrito en el prefacio a la primera edición como no esencial. Debemos, por tanto, preguntar si lo es, y estar dispuestos a justificar alguna divergencia respecto de ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/115307485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd62b1fc168356ca9da41b3c0cceaa8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":111752780,"asset_id":115307485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111752780/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="142472372" href="https://washjeff.academia.edu/GreggOsborne">Gregg Osborne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="142472372" type="text/json">{"id":142472372,"first_name":"Gregg","last_name":"Osborne","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"GreggOsborne","display_name":"Gregg Osborne","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/GreggOsborne","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142472372/82918042/71530478/s65_gregg.osborne.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_115307485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="115307485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115307485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_115307485", }); 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El aspecto objetivo es considerado esencial para el propósito principal de Kant, y se suele considerar que mantiene toda su fuerza incluso si el aspecto subjetivo no resulta convincente. La tesis de este artículo es doble. Primero, las interpretaciones más prominentes de esta distinción, en la literatura filosófica sobre Kant, no se sostienen. Segundo, lo central del aspecto objetivo no debe ser encontrado en el capítulo explícitamente dedicado a la deducción trascendental, sino más bien en el segundo capítulo de la Analítica de los principios. Esto implica que una parte del texto, frecuentemente considerada como el corazón mismo de la Crítica, es descrito en el prefacio a la primera edición como no esencial. Debemos, por tanto, preguntar si lo es, y estar dispuestos a justificar alguna divergencia respecto de ...","publication":"Areté","publication_with_fallback":"Areté","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111752780,"asset_id":115307485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111752780/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111752780/283-libre.pdf?1708696273=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDonde_esta_la_deduccion_objetiva_de_Kan.pdf\u0026Expires=1739663638\u0026Signature=hAZZZcOYVPv0ywUc7nchD~8jgl0g6dWMqOEZyoR0FU8FsBv5Lhyyrpu7wDBe~aABLzgqtM0qE4FT6mTS~VApojBpk4Y639EOaw3zb22Kx7m5BJoEciKj5a3dlmM9id2JXGcEh3F5QABqtbGiEh-8FTwkgmAwc1GNc096VuZp~Kkl3guDw7WIvZL1ckLFkb4YqwO~DCt9X36dXas4Ojy1u1sPAONxJ5Qmb5yCllKI2mE0SMNX6HNcv8G9Dzd284rz~x2Q68muHjQk5~H-i~KuYquViWHNxBike~FJqvi-25k57Hn2luvDQG4uKvU0a0QH1FlA9ama0cF8mwjKIFpLfg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111752780/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/111752780/mini_magick20240223-1-91l1fg.png?1708694156"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":111752780,"asset_id":115307485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111752780/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111752780/283-libre.pdf?1708696273=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDonde_esta_la_deduccion_objetiva_de_Kan.pdf\u0026Expires=1739663638\u0026Signature=hAZZZcOYVPv0ywUc7nchD~8jgl0g6dWMqOEZyoR0FU8FsBv5Lhyyrpu7wDBe~aABLzgqtM0qE4FT6mTS~VApojBpk4Y639EOaw3zb22Kx7m5BJoEciKj5a3dlmM9id2JXGcEh3F5QABqtbGiEh-8FTwkgmAwc1GNc096VuZp~Kkl3guDw7WIvZL1ckLFkb4YqwO~DCt9X36dXas4Ojy1u1sPAONxJ5Qmb5yCllKI2mE0SMNX6HNcv8G9Dzd284rz~x2Q68muHjQk5~H-i~KuYquViWHNxBike~FJqvi-25k57Hn2luvDQG4uKvU0a0QH1FlA9ama0cF8mwjKIFpLfg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111752780/download_file?st=MTczOTg0MDA4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/111752780/mini_magick20240223-1-91l1fg.png?1708694156"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":32,"ordered_authors":[{"id":142472372,"first_name":"Gregg","last_name":"Osborne","domain_name":"washjeff","page_name":"GreggOsborne","display_name":"Gregg Osborne","profile_url":"https://washjeff.academia.edu/GreggOsborne","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142472372/82918042/71530478/s65_gregg.osborne.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy","nofollow":true},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities","nofollow":true},{"id":135504,"name":"Arete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arete","nofollow":true},{"id":326328,"name":"Areté","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aret%C3%A9","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":null,"publication_year_with_fallback":2007,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":0,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; 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