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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thai basil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaise_basilie" title="Thaise basilie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thaise basilie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ريحان تايلندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريحان تايلندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Тайландски босилек – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тайландски босилек" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai-Basilikum" title="Thai-Basilikum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thai-Basilikum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilic_tha%C3%AF" title="Basilic thaï – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basilic thaï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%A7%88" title="타이바질 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타이바질" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilico_thai" title="Basilico thai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Basilico thai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Thai basil" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemangi" title="Kemangi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kemangi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB" title="タイバジル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タイバジル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horapha" title="Horapha – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Horapha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thai basil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaibasilika" title="Thaibasilika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thaibasilika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2" title="โหระพา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โหระพา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Тайський базилік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тайський базилік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAng_qu%E1%BA%BF" title="Húng quế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Húng quế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%9B" title="金不換 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金不換" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%8B%92" title="泰國羅勒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泰國羅勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Basil widely used in Southeast Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above cultivar" style="background:palegreen;">Thai basil</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_basil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Thai_basil.jpg/220px-Thai_basil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Thai_basil.jpg/330px-Thai_basil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Thai_basil.jpg/440px-Thai_basil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Early-season Thai basil</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></th><td class="infobox-data binominal" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_basilicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocimum basilicum">Ocimum basilicum</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">Variety</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><i>Ocimum basilicum</i> var. <i>thyrsiflora</i><sup id="cite_ref-Simon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CroppedSweetBasilOrThaiBasil0314.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CroppedSweetBasilOrThaiBasil0314.JPG/220px-CroppedSweetBasilOrThaiBasil0314.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CroppedSweetBasilOrThaiBasil0314.JPG/330px-CroppedSweetBasilOrThaiBasil0314.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CroppedSweetBasilOrThaiBasil0314.JPG/440px-CroppedSweetBasilOrThaiBasil0314.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Sweet basil is light green with wide leaves while Thai basil has purple stems and flowers and spear-like leaves</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_basil_flower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Thai_basil_flower.jpg/220px-Thai_basil_flower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Thai_basil_flower.jpg/330px-Thai_basil_flower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Thai_basil_flower.jpg/440px-Thai_basil_flower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="2073" /></a><figcaption>Late summer Thai basil flowers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_basil_with_flowers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Thai_basil_with_flowers.jpg/220px-Thai_basil_with_flowers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Thai_basil_with_flowers.jpg/330px-Thai_basil_with_flowers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Thai_basil_with_flowers.jpg/440px-Thai_basil_with_flowers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Midsummer Thai basil with flowers</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thai basil</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">โหระพา</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: </small><span title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i lang="th-Latn"><i>horapha</i></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">ISO</a>: hōraphā, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="th-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">[hǒː.rá(ʔ).pʰāː]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ជីរនាងវង</span>, <i>chi neang vorng</i>; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">húng quế</i>) called <i>káu-chàn-thah</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B1%A4%E5%A1%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:九層塔">九層塔</a></span>) in Taiwan, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a> native to <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> that has been cultivated to provide distinctive traits. Widely used throughout <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, its flavor, described as <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">licorice</a>-like and slightly spicy, is more stable under high or extended cooking temperatures than that of <a href="/wiki/Sweet_basil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet basil">sweet basil</a>. Thai basil has small, narrow leaves, purple stems, and pink-purple flowers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_basil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thai basil is sturdy and compact,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> growing up to 45 cm (1 ft 6 in),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has shiny green, slightly serrated, narrow leaves with a sweet, <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>-like scent and hints of licorice, along with a slight spiciness lacking in sweet basil.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thai basil has a purple stem, and like other plants in the <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">mint</a> family, the stem is square. Its leaves are opposite and <a href="/wiki/Decussation" title="Decussation">decussate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As implied by its scientific name, Thai basil flowers in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Thyrse" title="Thyrse">thyrse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-basilguide_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basilguide-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a> is purple, and the flowers when open are pink.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_nomenclature">Taxonomy and nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_basil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sweet basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>) has multiple <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> — Thai basil, <i>O. basilicum</i> var. <i>thyrsiflora</i>, is one <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">variety</a>. Thai basil may sometimes be called chi neang vorng, <i>anise basil</i> or <i>licorice basil</i>, in reference to its anise- and licorice-like scent and taste, but it is different from the Western strains bearing these same names.<sup id="cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itrainsfishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 92">: 92 </span></sup> </p><p>Occasionally, Thai basil may be called <i><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_basil" title="Cinnamon basil">cinnamon basil</a></i>, which is its literal name in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, but <i>cinnamon basil</i> typically refers to a separate cultivar. </p><p>The genus name <i>Ocimum</i> is derived from the Greek word meaning "to smell",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is appropriate for most members of family <a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With over 40 cultivars of basil, this abundance of flavors, aromas, and colors leads to confusion when identifying specific cultivars.<sup id="cite_ref-Simon_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three types of basil are commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai cuisine</a>. </p> <ul> <li>Thai basil, or <i>horapha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">โหระพา</span>), is widely used throughout Southeast Asia and plays a prominent role in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a>. It is the cultivar most often used for Asian cooking in Western kitchens. </li><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy basil</a> (<i>O. tenuiflorum</i>), <i>mreah-pruv</i> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ម្រះព្រៅ</span>), or <i>kaphrao</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">กะเพรา</span>), which has a spicy, peppery, clove-like taste, may be the basil Thai people love most.<sup id="cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itrainsfishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 93">: 93 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as <i>Thai holy basil</i> or by its Indian name, <i>tulasi</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Tulsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsi">tulsi</a></i>; it is widely used in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> for culinary, medicinal, and religious purposes. </li><li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon basil</a> (<i>O. × citriodorum</i>), or <i>maenglak</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">แมงลัก</span>), as its name implies, has undertones of lemon in scent and taste. Lemon basil is the least commonly used type of basil in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itrainsfishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 94">: 94 </span></sup> It is also known as <i>Thai lemon basil</i>, in contradistinction to <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Burns%27_Lemon_basil" title="Mrs. Burns' Lemon basil">Mrs. Burns' Lemon basil</a>, another cultivar. </li></ul> <p>In Taiwan the Thai basil is called <i>káu-chàn-thah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B1%A4%E5%A1%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:九層塔">九層塔</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">jiǔcéngtǎ</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">chiu ts'eng t'a</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">káu-chàn-thah</span></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-murakami_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murakami-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-erway_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erway-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which literally means "nine-storey pagoda". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_basil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_basil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thai basil is widely used in the cuisines of Southeast Asia, including <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a> cuisines. Thai basil leaves are a frequent ingredient in Thai <a href="/wiki/Green_curry" title="Green curry">green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_curry" title="Red curry">red</a> curries, though in Thailand the basil used in <a href="/wiki/Drunken_noodles" title="Drunken noodles">drunken noodles</a> and many chicken, pork, and seafood dishes is <a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">holy basil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itrainsfishes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 178">: 178 </span></sup> In the West, however, such dishes typically contain Thai basil instead, which is much more readily available than <a href="/wiki/Holy_basil" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy basil">holy basil</a>. Thai basil is also an important ingredient in the very popular Taiwanese dish <a href="/wiki/Sanbeiji" title="Sanbeiji">sanbeiji</a> (three-cup chicken). Used as a condiment, a plate of raw Thai basil leaves is often served as an accompaniment to many Vietnamese dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">phở</a> (Southern style), <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAn_b%C3%B2_Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Bún bò Huế">bún bò Huế</a>, or <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_x%C3%A8o" title="Bánh xèo">bánh xèo</a>, so that each person can season to taste with the anise-flavored leaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_basil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thai basil is a tender perennial<sup id="cite_ref-seedaholic_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seedaholic-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is typically grown as an annual. As a tropical plant, Thai basil is hardy only in very warm climates where there is no chance of frost. It is generally hardy to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a> plant <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> 10. Thai basil, which can be grown from seed or cuttings, requires fertile, well-draining soil with a pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.5 and 6 to 8 hours of full sunlight per day.<sup id="cite_ref-basilguide_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basilguide-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flowers should be pinched to prevent the leaves from becoming bitter. Thai basil can be repeatedly harvested by taking a few leaves at a time and should be harvested periodically to encourage regrowth.<sup id="cite_ref-seedaholic_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seedaholic-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_basil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ocimum_basilicum_thyrsiflorum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ocimum basilicum thyrsiflorum">Ocimum basilicum thyrsiflorum</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basil_cultivars" title="List of basil cultivars">List of basil cultivars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_ingredients" title="List of Thai ingredients">List of Thai ingredients</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_basil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Simon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simon_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simon_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSimonMoralesPhippenVieira1999" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, James E.; Morales, Mario R.; Phippen, Winthrop B.; Vieira, Roberto Fontes; Hao, Zhigang (1999). Janick, Jules (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1999/v4-499.html">"Basil: A Source of Aroma Compounds and a Popular Culinary and Ornamental Herb"</a>. <i>Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses</i>. Alexandria, VA: ASHS Press: 499–505.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+New+Crops+and+New+Uses&rft.atitle=Basil%3A+A+Source+of+Aroma+Compounds+and+a+Popular+Culinary+and+Ornamental+Herb&rft.pages=499-505&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Morales%2C+Mario+R.&rft.au=Phippen%2C+Winthrop+B.&rft.au=Vieira%2C+Roberto+Fontes&rft.au=Hao%2C+Zhigang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hort.purdue.edu%2Fnewcrop%2Fproceedings1999%2Fv4-499.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxMoine2010" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Jeff; Moine, Marie-Pierre (2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cooksherbgarden00publ"><i>The Cook's Herb Garden</i></a></span>. London: DK Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cooksherbgarden00publ/page/n53">53</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780756658694" title="Special:BookSources/9780756658694"><bdi>9780756658694</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cook%27s+Herb+Garden&rft.place=London&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780756658694&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Moine%2C+Marie-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcooksherbgarden00publ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson2003" class="citation book cs1">Hutchinson, Frances (2003). "Garden Herbs". <i>The Gardener's Handbook</i>. Fog City Press. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Garden+Herbs&rft.btitle=The+Gardener%27s+Handbook&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Fog+City+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Frances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaghavan2007" class="citation book cs1">Raghavan, Susheela (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m4vvs87XiucC&q=%22thai%20basil%22&pg=PA72"><i>Handbook of Spices, Seasonings, and Flavorings</i></a> (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780849328428" title="Special:BookSources/9780849328428"><bdi>9780849328428</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Spices%2C+Seasonings%2C+and+Flavorings&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=72&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780849328428&rft.aulast=Raghavan&rft.aufirst=Susheela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm4vvs87XiucC%26q%3D%2522thai%2520basil%2522%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theseedsite.co.uk/lamiaceae.html">"LAMIACEAE (formerly LABIATAE) - The Mint Family"</a>. <i>The Seed Site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seed+Site&rft.atitle=LAMIACEAE+%28formerly+LABIATAE%29+-+The+Mint+Family&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheseedsite.co.uk%2Flamiaceae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-basilguide-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-basilguide_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-basilguide_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyers2003" class="citation book cs1">Meyers, Michele (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319013711/http://www.herbsociety.org/factsheets/Basil%20Guide.pdf"><i>Basil: An Herb Society of America Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Herb Society of America. p. 32. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herbsociety.org/factsheets/Basil%20Guide.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basil%3A+An+Herb+Society+of+America+Guide&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=The+Herb+Society+of+America&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.herbsociety.org%2Ffactsheets%2FBasil%2520Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrissenden2003" class="citation book cs1">Brissenden, Rosemary (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzIfdz0M0JEC&q=%22thai%20basil%22&pg=PA34"><i>Southeast Asian Food: Classic and Modern Dishes from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam</i></a>. Singapore: Periplus Editions. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780794604882" title="Special:BookSources/9780794604882"><bdi>9780794604882</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asian+Food%3A+Classic+and+Modern+Dishes+from+Indonesia%2C+Malaysia%2C+Singapore%2C+Thailand%2C+Laos%2C+Cambodia+and+Vietnam&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780794604882&rft.aulast=Brissenden&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAzIfdz0M0JEC%26q%3D%2522thai%2520basil%2522%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-itrainsfishes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-itrainsfishes_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoha-Unchit1995" class="citation book cs1">Loha-Unchit, Kasma (1995). "Garden Herbs". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itrainsfishesleg00loha"><i>It Rains Fishes: Legends, Traditions and the Joys of Thai Cooking</i></a></span>. Pomegranate Artbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0876543565" title="Special:BookSources/0876543565"><bdi>0876543565</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31865230">31865230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Garden+Herbs&rft.btitle=It+Rains+Fishes%3A+Legends%2C+Traditions+and+the+Joys+of+Thai+Cooking&rft.pub=Pomegranate+Artbooks&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31865230&rft.isbn=0876543565&rft.aulast=Loha-Unchit&rft.aufirst=Kasma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitrainsfishesleg00loha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillBarclayHardy1987" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Madalene; Barclay, Gwen; Hardy, Jean (1987). <i>Southern Herb Growing</i>. Shearer Publishing. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Herb+Growing&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Shearer+Publishing&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Madalene&rft.au=Barclay%2C+Gwen&rft.au=Hardy%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=OCBA&display=31">"Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Species Ocimum basilicum L."</a> <i>Natural Resources Conservation Service</i>. United States Department of Agriculture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resources+Conservation+Service&rft.atitle=Classification+for+Kingdom+Plantae+Down+to+Species+Ocimum+basilicum+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplants.usda.gov%2Fjava%2FClassificationServlet%3Fsource%3Dprofile%26symbol%3DOCBA%26display%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoha-unchit1995" class="citation web cs1">Loha-unchit, Kasma (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thaifoodandtravel.com/ingredients/basilh.html">"Holy Basil – Bai Gkaprow"</a>. <i>Thai Food & Travel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thai+Food+%26+Travel&rft.atitle=Holy+Basil+%E2%80%93+Bai+Gkaprow&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Loha-unchit&rft.aufirst=Kasma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaifoodandtravel.com%2Fingredients%2Fbasilh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-murakami-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-murakami_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurakami2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Murakami, Yoshihide (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NC0QAQAAMAAJ&q=九層塔"><i>Tōhō Taiwan-go jiten</i> <bdi lang="ja">東方台湾語辞典</bdi></a> [<i>Eastern Taiwanese dictionary</i>] (in Japanese). Tōhō shoten. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784497207043" title="Special:BookSources/9784497207043"><bdi>9784497207043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C5%8Dh%C5%8D+Taiwan-go+jiten+%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E8%AA%9E%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=T%C5%8Dh%C5%8D+shoten&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9784497207043&rft.aulast=Murakami&rft.aufirst=Yoshihide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNC0QAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%E4%B9%9D%E5%B1%A4%E5%A1%94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-erway-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-erway_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErway2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Erway, Cathy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C6_qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT145">"Braised Eggplant with Garlic and Basil (Jiu Ceng Ta Qie Zi)" <bdi lang="zh">九層塔茄子</bdi></a>. <i>The Food of Taiwan: Recipes from the Beautiful Island</i>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780544303300" title="Special:BookSources/9780544303300"><bdi>9780544303300</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Braised+Eggplant+with+Garlic+and+Basil+%28Jiu+Ceng+Ta+Qie+Zi%29+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B1%A4%E5%A1%94%E8%8C%84%E5%AD%90&rft.btitle=The+Food+of+Taiwan%3A+Recipes+from+the+Beautiful+Island&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780544303300&rft.aulast=Erway&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC6_qDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seedaholic-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seedaholic_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seedaholic_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seedaholic.com/basil-thai-basil-organic.html">"Basil, Thai Basil, Organic"</a>. <i>Seedaholic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seedaholic.com&rft.atitle=Basil%2C+Thai+Basil%2C+Organic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seedaholic.com%2Fbasil-thai-basil-organic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews" class="citation web cs1">Andrews, A.J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-thai-basil-63256.html">"How to Plant Thai Basil"</a>. <i>SFGate Home Guides</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGate+Home+Guides&rft.atitle=How+to+Plant+Thai+Basil&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomeguides.sfgate.com%2Fplant-thai-basil-63256.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThai+basil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template talk:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Peppercorn (black/green/white)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_cochinchinensis" title="Buchanania cochinchinensis">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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