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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="شجرة الكبد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شجرة الكبد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" title="Peumus boldus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Peumus boldus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Болдо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Болдо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" title="Peumus boldus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Peumus boldus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldovn%C3%ADk_vonn%C3%BD" title="Boldovník vonný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boldovník vonný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" title="Peumus boldus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peumus boldus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بولدو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بولدو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EB%8F%84" title="볼도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" title="Peumus boldus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peumus boldus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bold%C3%B3" title="Boldó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boldó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Болдо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Болдо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88" title="شجرة البولدو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شجرة البولدو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" title="Peumus boldus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peumus boldus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Пеумус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пеумус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boldo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" title="Peumus boldus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Peumus boldus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" title="Peumus boldus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Peumus boldus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Boldo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Boldo (disambiguation)">Boldo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Boldo </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peumus_boldus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-104.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peumus_boldus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-104.jpg/220px-Peumus_boldus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-104.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Peumus_boldus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-104.jpg/330px-Peumus_boldus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Peumus_boldus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="598" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Peumus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Peumus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Molina" title="Juan Ignacio Molina">Molina</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P. boldus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Peumus boldus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Molina</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>Ruizia fragrans</i> <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small><br /><i>Peumus fragrans</i> <small>(Ruiz & Pav.) <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Hendrik_Persoon" title="Christiaan Hendrik Persoon">Pers.</a></small><br /><i>Boldus chilense</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Friedrich_Poeppig" title="Eduard Friedrich Poeppig">Poepp.</a> ex <a href="/wiki/Carl_Daniel_Friedrich_Meisner" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Daniel Friedrich Meisner">Meisn.</a></small><br /><i>Boldu chilanum</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Christian_Gottfried_Daniel_Nees_von_Esenbeck" title="Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck">Nees</a></small><br /><i>Boldu boldus</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Molina" title="Juan Ignacio Molina">Molina</a>) <a href="/wiki/Israel_Lyons" title="Israel Lyons">Lyons</a></small><br /><i>Boldoa fragrans</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Hendrik_Persoon" title="Christiaan Hendrik Persoon">Pers.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Ladislaus_Endlicher" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher">Endl.</a></small><br /><i>Boldea fragrans</i> <small>(Ruiz & Pav.) <a href="/wiki/Claude_Gay" title="Claude Gay">Gay</a></small><br /><i>Boldea boldus</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Molina" title="Juan Ignacio Molina">Molina</a>) <a href="/wiki/Gualterio_Looser" title="Gualterio Looser">Looser</a></small> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Peumus boldus</b></i>, commonly known as <b>boldo</b> (from the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> name <i><b>foḻo</b></i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of tree in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a> and the only species in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i><b>Peumus</b></i>. It is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the central region of <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, between <a href="/wiki/33rd_parallel_south" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd parallel south">33°</a> and <a href="/wiki/40th_parallel_south" class="mw-redirect" title="40th parallel south">40° southern latitude</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boldo has also been introduced to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, though it is not often seen outside <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical gardens</a>. </p><p>Due to its common name, it is often confused with the species <i><a href="/wiki/Plectranthus_ornatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Plectranthus ornatus">Plectranthus ornatus</a></i>, known as <i>falso boldo</i> ("false boldo"), <i>boldo paraguayo</i> or <i>boldo rastrero</i>, which has led to confusion about the uses, properties and toxicity of both species. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boldo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Boldo</i>, together with <i><a href="/wiki/Lithraea_caustica" title="Lithraea caustica">litre</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Soap_bark_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Soap bark tree"><i>quillay</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cryptocarya_alba" title="Cryptocarya alba">peumo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Boll%C3%A9n" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollén">bollén</a></i> and other indigenous plants, is a characteristic component of the <a href="/wiki/Sclerophyllous" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclerophyllous">sclerophyllous</a> forests endemic to central Chile. Its leaves, which have a strong, woody and slightly bitter flavor and <a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">camphor</a>-like aroma, are used for culinary purposes, primarily in Latin America. The leaves are used in a similar manner to <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">bay leaves</a> and are also prepared as a <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal tea</a>, primarily in Chile and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. </p><p>The edible fruits are small <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupes</a> about 2 centimeters in diameter, green in color and having a pleasant flavor. Though not well known outside their native range, boldo fruits, which appear between December and February, are very tasty, nutritious, small, green, edible spheres. Boldo's assertive flavor comes primarily from the presence of the chemical <a href="/wiki/Ascaridole" title="Ascaridole">ascaridole</a>, which is also present in the <i><a href="/wiki/Epazote" class="mw-redirect" title="Epazote">epazote</a></i> plant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boldo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Paraguay, boldo is mixed with <i><a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a></i> or other teas to moderate its flavor. Some families keep a boldo plant at home for this purpose, although boldo <a href="/wiki/Teabag" class="mw-redirect" title="Teabag">teabags</a> are readily available in nearly all supermarkets. </p><p>Boldo and plants with similar properties are widely used as mild <a href="/wiki/Folk_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk medicine">folk medicine</a> in various South American countries in both urban and rural areas, even among people who do not usually drink <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal teas</a> other than <a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" title="Yerba mate">mate beverage</a>. In Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Pharmacopoeia" title="Pharmacopoeia">pharmacopoeia</a>, boldo is an officially listed <a href="/wiki/Phytotherapeutic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytotherapeutic">phytotherapeutic</a> plant, as a <a href="/wiki/Cholagogue" title="Cholagogue">cholagogue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Choleretic" title="Choleretic">choleretic</a> used for treatment of mild <a href="/wiki/Dyspepsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspepsia">dyspepsia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boldo is in the family <a href="/wiki/Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a>, which is closely related to the family <a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a> (which includes many other plants used for their aromatic leaves, such as <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_aromaticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum aromaticum">cassia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay laurel">bay leaf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camphor_laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Camphor laurel">camphor laurel</a>). </p><p>Boldo leaves have a slightly bitter, soft flavor and a bit of a rough, coniferous taste when brewed in tea. They are used as a culinary herb to spice many savory dishes including fish, mushrooms, and vegetables and as a component in sauces. In some local South American kitchens boldo leaves are also popular for wrapping frying fish and meat. Boldo fruits, when dried, are used to make spicy condiments.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boldo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boldine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Boldine.svg/220px-Boldine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Boldine.svg/330px-Boldine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Boldine.svg/440px-Boldine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boldine" title="Boldine">Boldine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2009, the European Medicines Agency assessed boldo as follows: </p><p>Boldo leaf contains the alkaloid <a href="/wiki/Boldine" title="Boldine">boldine</a>. Boldo leaf also contains 2–4% of volatile oil. Major constituents reported as: <a href="/wiki/Ascaridole" title="Ascaridole">ascaridole</a> (16–38%), <a href="/wiki/1,8-cineole" class="mw-redirect" title="1,8-cineole">1,8-cineole</a> (11–39%) and <a href="/wiki/P-Cymene" title="P-Cymene">p-Cymene</a> (9–29%).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarianoSouza2019" class="citation journal cs1">Mariano, Xavier Maia; Souza, Wanderson Fernando Mello de (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10412905.2019.1617797">"Bioactive volatile fraction of Chilean boldo (Peumus boldus Molina) – an overview"</a>. <i>Journal of Essential Oil Research</i>. <b>31</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">474–</span>486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10412905.2019.1617797">10.1080/10412905.2019.1617797</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198351342">198351342</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Essential+Oil+Research&rft.atitle=Bioactive+volatile+fraction+of+Chilean+boldo+%28Peumus+boldus+Molina%29+%E2%80%93+an+overview&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E474-%3C%2Fspan%3E486&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10412905.2019.1617797&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198351342%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mariano&rft.aufirst=Xavier+Maia&rft.au=Souza%2C+Wanderson+Fernando+Mello+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1080%2F10412905.2019.1617797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoldo" class="Z3988"></span> Ascaridole is highly toxic, and this raises concerns about the suitability of boldo leaf in traditional herbal medicinal products. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abortifacient" title="Abortifacient">Abortifacient</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teratogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Teratogenic">teratogenic</a> effects in rats were observed with very high doses (800 mg/kg) of a dry <a href="/wiki/Ethanolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethanolic">ethanolic</a> extract of boldine in the first days of pregnancy, not present at lower doses.<sup id="cite_ref-EMA2009_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most investigations have been carried out using boldine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Limited information is available on herbal preparations of boldo leaf and where studies have been reported, details of the preparations are usually lacking. There are no reported genotoxicity or carcinogenicity studies with herbal preparations of boldo leaf. </p><p>Boldo oil should not be used internally or externally. Where boldo leaf is used, the total exposure to ascaridole should be considered from a safety standpoint. The levels of ascaridole in herbal medicinal products should be quantified. In view of the low solubility of ascaridole in water, the use of aqueous extracts including herbal teas could be accepted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (May 2017)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The use of ethanolic extracts of boldo leaf is not considered acceptable for traditional herbal medicinal products, in view of the potentially higher levels of the toxic ascaridole constituent.<sup id="cite_ref-EMA2009_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA2009-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boldo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodriguezMarticorenaAlarcónBaeza2018" class="citation journal cs1">Rodriguez, Roberto; Marticorena, Clodomiro; Alarcón, Diego; Baeza, Carlos; Cavieres, Lohengrin; Finot, Víctor L.; Fuentes, Nicol; Kiessling, Andrea; Mihoc, Maritza; Pauchard, Aníbal; Ruiz, Eduardo; Sanchez, Paulina; Marticorena, Alicia; Rodriguez, Roberto; Marticorena, Clodomiro (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-66432018000100001">"Catalogue of the vascular plants of Chile"</a>. <i>Gayana. Botánica</i>. <b>75</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>430. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-66432018000100001">10.4067/S0717-66432018000100001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0717-6643">0717-6643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gayana.+Bot%C3%A1nica&rft.atitle=Catalogue+of+the+vascular+plants+of+Chile&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E430&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0717-66432018000100001&rft.issn=0717-6643&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft.au=Marticorena%2C+Clodomiro&rft.au=Alarc%C3%B3n%2C+Diego&rft.au=Baeza%2C+Carlos&rft.au=Cavieres%2C+Lohengrin&rft.au=Finot%2C+V%C3%ADctor+L.&rft.au=Fuentes%2C+Nicol&rft.au=Kiessling%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Mihoc%2C+Maritza&rft.au=Pauchard%2C+An%C3%ADbal&rft.au=Ruiz%2C+Eduardo&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+Paulina&rft.au=Marticorena%2C+Alicia&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+Roberto&rft.au=Marticorena%2C+Clodomiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4067%252FS0717-66432018000100001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoldo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoop" class="citation web cs1">Coop, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innerpath.com.au/matmed/herbs/Peumus_boldus.htm">"Peumus boldus, Peumus bolod, Boldo -Western-"</a>. <i>www.innerpath.com.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.innerpath.com.au&rft.atitle=Peumus+boldus%2C+Peumus+bolod%2C+Boldo+-Western-&rft.aulast=Coop&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innerpath.com.au%2Fmatmed%2Fherbs%2FPeumus_boldus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoldo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária). 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anvisa.gov.br/hotsite/farmacopeiabrasileira/conteudo/Formulario_de_Fitoterapicos_da_Farmacopeia_Brasileira.pdf">Formulario de Fitoterapicos da Farmacopeia Brasileira</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323002129/http://www.anvisa.gov.br/hotsite/farmacopeiabrasileira/conteudo/Formulario_de_Fitoterapicos_da_Farmacopeia_Brasileira.pdf">Archived</a> March 23, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Brasilia, Governo Federal do Brasil.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P N Ravindran CABI, Dec 28, 2017 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6pJNDwAAQBAJ">The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mariano, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMA2009-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EMA2009_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EMA2009_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCommittee_on_Herbal_Medicinal_Products_(HMPC)2009" class="citation web cs1">Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2009/12/WC500018102.pdf">"Assessment Report on <i>Peumus boldus</i> Molina, Folium"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Medicines Agency. Doc. Ref.: EMEA/HMPC/591131/2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assessment+Report+on+Peumus+boldus+Molina%2C+Folium&rft.pub=European+Medicines+Agency&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Committee+on+Herbal+Medicinal+Products+%28HMPC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fdocs%2Fen_GB%2Fdocument_library%2FHerbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report%2F2009%2F12%2FWC500018102.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoldo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boldo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Peum_bol.html">"Boldo leaves (<i>Peumus boldus</i> Molina)"</a>. <i>Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gernot+Katzer%27s+Spice+Pages&rft.atitle=Boldo+leaves+%28Peumus+boldus+Molina%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgernot-katzers-spice-pages.com%2Fengl%2FPeum_bol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoldo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chilebosque.cl/tree/pbold.html">"Pictures and information of Boldo tree, leaves and flowers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pictures+and+information+of+Boldo+tree%2C+leaves+and+flowers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chilebosque.cl%2Ftree%2Fpbold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoldo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090320001648/http://www.arrakis.es/~jmanuel/Plantaschilenas.pdf">"Plantas de la flora de Chile cultivadas en España"</a> [Chilean plants cultivated in Spain] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrakis.es/~jmanuel/Plantaschilenas.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plantas+de+la+flora+de+Chile+cultivadas+en+Espa%C3%B1a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arrakis.es%2F~jmanuel%2FPlantaschilenas.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoldo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_lanzan" title="Buchanania lanzan">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3242" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3242" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Peumus boldus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833994" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q833994">Q833994</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Peumus_boldus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Peumus boldus">Peumus boldus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4FFTT">4FFTT</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/392758">392758</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PWUBO">PWUBO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3034108">3034108</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=27471">27471</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/326673">326673</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/582202-1">582202-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10214452">10214452</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506789">506789</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/135682641">135682641</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=63812">63812</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=913184">913184</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2547762">kew-2547762</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PEBO5">PEBO5</a></span></span></li> <li><span 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