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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hybrids_and_sub-cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrids_and_sub-cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hybrids and sub-cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrids_and_sub-cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweet_hybrids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweet_hybrids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sweet hybrids</span> </div> </a> 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</li> <li id="toc-Scoville_heat_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoville_heat_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Scoville heat units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoville_heat_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serving_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serving_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Serving methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serving_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culinary_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Culinary concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="هالبينو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالبينو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Халапеньо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халапеньо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χαλαπένιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλαπένιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_jalape%C3%B1o" title="Chile jalapeño – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chile jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4alapenjokapsiko" title="Ĥalapenjokapsiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥalapenjokapsiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88" title="هالاپینو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالاپینو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piment_jalape%C3%B1o" title="Piment jalapeño – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piment jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemento_xalape%C3%B1o" title="Pemento xalapeño – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pemento xalapeño" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC%ED%8E%98%EB%87%A8%EA%B3%A0%EC%B6%94" title="할라페뇨고추 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할라페뇨고추" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Հալապենյո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հալապենյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95" title="חלפניו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלפניו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalap%C3%A9%C3%B1o" title="Jalapéño – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jalapéño" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A" title="ಹಾಲಪೇನ್ಯೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾಲಪೇನ್ಯೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum_Xalapense" title="Capsicum Xalapense – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Capsicum Xalapense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A" title="ഹലപീനൊ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹലപീനൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88" title="هالبينو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هالبينو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A7" title="ハラペーニョ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハラペーニョ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimenta-jalapenho" title="Pimenta-jalapenho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pimenta-jalapenho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Халапеньо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Халапеньо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%BE" title="Халапењо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Халапењо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalapeno" title="Jalapeno – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jalapeno" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8D" title="ฆาลาเปญโญ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฆาลาเปญโญ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE" title="Халапеньйо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Халапеньйо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jalapeño" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E8%BE%A3%E6%A4%92" title="墨西哥辣椒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="墨西哥辣椒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hot pepper</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above cultivar" style="background:palegreen;">Jalapeño</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg/220px-Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg/330px-Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg/440px-Immature_jalapeno_capsicum_annuum_var_annuum.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Immature jalapeños still on the plant</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></th><td class="infobox-data binominal" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">Capsicum annuum</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;">Jalapeño</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;">Mexico</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heat</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilli35.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chilli35.svg/66px-Chilli35.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chilli35.svg/100px-Chilli35.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chilli35.svg/131px-Chilli35.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="151" /></a></span> Hot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Scoville_scale" title="Scoville scale">Scoville scale</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,000 to 8,500 SHU</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>jalapeño</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">HAL</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">PEH</span>-nyoh</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">HAHL</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">PAY</span>-nyoh</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[xalaˈpeɲo]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/11\/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg\/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Jalape\u00f1o.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg/Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalape%C3%B1o.ogg" title="File:Jalapeño.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is a medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a> <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">pod type</a> <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a> of the species <i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">Capsicum annuum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PHP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PHP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mature jalapeño chili is 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>25–38 mm (1–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) wide, and hangs down from the plant. The <a href="/wiki/Pungency" title="Pungency">pungency</a> of jalapeño peppers varies, but is usually between 4,000 and 8,500 units on the <a href="/wiki/Scoville_scale" title="Scoville scale">Scoville scale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-molecules_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molecules-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonly picked and consumed while still green, it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red, orange, or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar <a href="/wiki/Serrano_pepper" title="Serrano pepper">Serrano pepper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_etymology">History and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JalapenoPeppers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/JalapenoPeppers.JPG/220px-JalapenoPeppers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/JalapenoPeppers.JPG/330px-JalapenoPeppers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/JalapenoPeppers.JPG/440px-JalapenoPeppers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Five (5) jalapeño peppers</figcaption></figure> <p>The jalapeño is variously named <i>huachinango</i>, for the ripe red jalapeño, and <i>chile gordo</i> (meaning "fat chili pepper") also known as <i>cuaresmeño</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>jalapeño</i> is <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> for "from <a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a>", the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>, Mexico, where the pepper was traditionally cultivated.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Genetic_analysis" title="Genetic analysis">Genetic analysis</a> of <i>Capsicum annuum</i> places jalapeños as a distinct genetic <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> with no close sisters that are not directly derived from jalapeños.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jalapeños were in use by the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztecs</a> prior to the Spanish conquest; <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Codex" title="Florentine Codex">Florentine Codex</a></i> writes of Aztec markets selling <a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">chipotles</a> (smoked jalapeños) and <a href="/wiki/Mole_(sauce)" title="Mole (sauce)">mole</a> made from chipotles, besides the sale of fresh chilies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of peppers in the Americas dates back thousands of years, including the practice of <a href="/wiki/Smoking_(cooking)" title="Smoking (cooking)">smoking</a> some varieties of peppers in order to preserve them; further well preserved samples and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing">genetic testing</a> would be needed to determine the usage and existence of the jalapeño clade and pod type into the past.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, roughly 43,000 hectares (107,000 acres) of land in Mexico was dedicated to jalapeño production; as of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, that had decreased to 41,000 hectares (101,000 acres). Jalapeños account for thirty percent of Mexico's chili production, and while the total land area used for cultivation has decreased, there has been a 1.5% increase in volume yield per year in Mexico due to increasing irrigation, use of greenhouses, better equipment, knowledge, and improved techniques. Because of this, in 2009, 619,000 tons of jalapeños were produced with 42% of the crop coming from <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, 12.9% from <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa" title="Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a>, 6.6% from <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, and 6.3% from <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/La_Coste%C3%B1a_(food_company)" title="La Costeña (food company)">La Costeña</a> controls about 60% of the world market and, according to company published figures, exports 16% of the peppers that Mexico produces, an 80% share of the 20% that Mexico exports in total. The US imports 98% of La Costeña's exports.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/USDA" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA">USDA</a>, since 2010 <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> produces the most jalapeños, followed by <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> - a total of 209,800 tonnes (462.5 million pounds) of peppers in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is difficult to get accurate statistics on chilies and specific chilies as growers are not fond of keeping and sharing such data and reporting agencies often lump all green chilies together, or all hot chilies, with no separation of pod type.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New Mexico in 2002 the crop of jalapeños were worth $3 million at the farm gate and $20 million after processing.<sup id="cite_ref-SecHyb_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> also produce commercial <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chilies</a>, including jalapeños.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg/220px-Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg/330px-Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg/440px-Bowl_of_jalape%C3%B1os.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2920" data-file-height="2022" /></a><figcaption>Jalapeños grown in an <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> garden. Red jalapeños are used to make <a href="/wiki/Sriracha_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sriracha sauce">sriracha sauce</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> Jalapeños are a pod type of <i>Capsicum annuum</i>. The growing period is 70–80 days. When mature, the plant stands 70–90 cm (2 ft 4 in – 2 ft 11 in) tall. Typically, a plant produces 25 to 35 pods. During a growing period, a plant will be picked multiple times. As the growing season ends, the peppers turn red, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Sriracha_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sriracha sauce">sriracha sauce</a>. Jalapeños thrive in a number of soil types and temperatures, though they prefer warmer climates, provided they have adequate water. The optimum temperature for seed <a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">germination</a> is 29 °C (84 °F), with degradation of germination seen above 30 °C (86 °F) and little to no germination occurring at 40 °C (104 °F); at 29 °C (84 °F) the time to 50% germination rate depends on cultivar and seed lot but was tested as being between 4 and 5 days, which is shorter than <a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">cayenne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of 4.5 to 7.0 is preferred for growing jalapeños, and well-drained soil is essential for healthy plants. Jalapeños need at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight per day.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experiments show that unlike <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">bell peppers</a> at least 7.5 millimolar (mM) nitrogen is needed for optimal pod production, and 15 to 22 mM nitrogen produces the best result: the plant produces both more leaves and more pods, rather than just more leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once picked, individual peppers may turn to red of their own accord. The peppers can be eaten green or red. Though usually grown as an annual they are perennial and if protected from frost can produce during multiple years, as with all <i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">Capsicum annuum</a></i>. </p><p>Jalapeños are subject to <a href="/wiki/Root_rot" title="Root rot">root rot</a> and foliar blight, both often caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora_capsici" title="Phytophthora capsici">Phytophthora capsici</a></i>; over-watering worsens the condition as the fungus grows best in warm wet environments. Crop rotation can help, and resistant strains of jalapeño, such as the 'NuMex Vaquero' and '<a href="/wiki/TAM_Mild_Jalape%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="TAM Mild Jalapeño">TAM Mild Jalapeño</a>', have been and are being bred as this is of major commercial impact throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As jalapeños are a cultivar, the diseases are common to <i>Capsicum annuum</i>: <a href="/wiki/Verticillium_wilt" title="Verticillium wilt">Verticillium wilt</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cercospora_capsici" title="Cercospora capsici">Cercospora capsici</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Powdery_mildew" title="Powdery mildew">Powdery mildew</a>,<i> <a href="/wiki/Colletotrichum_capsici" title="Colletotrichum capsici">Colletotrichum capsici</a></i> (Ripe Rot), <i><a href="/wiki/Erwinia_carotovora" class="mw-redirect" title="Erwinia carotovora">Erwinia carotovora</a></i> (Soft Rot), <a href="/wiki/Beet_curly_top_virus" title="Beet curly top virus">Beet curly top virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tospovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tospovirus">Tospovirus</a> (Tomato spotted wilt virus), <a href="/wiki/Pepper_mottle_virus" title="Pepper mottle virus">Pepper mottle virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_virus" title="Tobacco mosaic virus">Tobacco mosaic virus</a>, Pepper <a href="/wiki/Geminiviridae" title="Geminiviridae">Geminiviridae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Root-knot_nematode" title="Root-knot nematode">Root-knot nematode</a> being among the major commercially important diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-PHP_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PHP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After harvest, if jalapeños are stored at 7.5 °C (45.5 °F) they have a shelf life of up to 3–5 weeks. Jalapeños produce 0.1–0.2 μL per kg per hour of <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a>, very low for chilies, and do not respond to ethylene treatment. Holding jalapeños at 20–25 °C and high humidity can be used to complete the ripening of picked jalapeños. A hot water dip of 55 °C (131 °F) for 4 minutes is used to kill off molds that may exist on the picked peppers without damaging them.<sup id="cite_ref-Postharvest_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Postharvest-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of jalapeños are wet processed, canned, or pickled on harvesting for use in mixes, prepared food products, and <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(food)" title="Salsa (food)">salsas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrids_and_sub-cultivars">Hybrids and sub-cultivars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hybrids and sub-cultivars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a wide variety of breeds for consumer and commercial use of jalapeño plants. The majority fall under one of four categories: <a href="/wiki/F1_hybrid" title="F1 hybrid">F1 hybrids</a>, where the parent plants have been hand-emasculated and cross-bred to produce uniform offspring with <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vigor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid vigor">hybrid vigor</a>; cultivars which are F-11 or F-12 hybrids or later generations where a stable unique population has been developed; <a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">landraces</a>; and F2 hybrids.<sup id="cite_ref-SecHyb_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>F1 hybrids produce the highest and most uniform yields but cost 25 times the cost of open-pollinated seed, leading to only 2% of the farmland dedicated to jalapeño cultivation in the United States being planted with F1 hybrids.<sup id="cite_ref-SecHyb_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> F2 hybrids often produce similarly to F1 hybrids; however, some F1 hybrids are produced via recessive male sterility to eliminate the need to hand-pollinate, reducing the cost to produce the hybrid, but producing a 25% reduction in yield in the F2 generation.<sup id="cite_ref-SecHyb_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some notable F1 hybrids are 'Mitla', 'Perfecto', 'Tula', 'Grande' (a hot jalapeño), 'Sayula', 'Senorita', and 'Torreon', most of them being developed and marketed by Petoseed, a brand of <a href="/wiki/Seminis" title="Seminis">Seminis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SecHyb_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SecHyb-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cultivars are researched and created to promote desirable traits. Common traits selected for are resistance to viruses and other pepper-related diseases, milder peppers, early ripening, more attractive fruit in terms of size, wall thickness, and corking, and higher yields.<sup id="cite_ref-TAMII_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The land-grant universities and the <a href="/wiki/Chile_Pepper_Institute" title="Chile Pepper Institute">Chile Pepper Institute</a> promote the use of cultivars as the most sustainable and environmentally safe disease control method both in terms of economics and long-term environmental perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaq_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaq-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable cultivars include 'Early Jalapeño', 'TAM Mild Jalapeño',<sup id="cite_ref-TAMII_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'TAM Mild Jalapeño II',<sup id="cite_ref-TAMII_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'TAM Veracruz', the yellow 'TAM Jaloro',<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'NuMex Vaquero',<sup id="cite_ref-Vaq_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaq-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the colorful 'NuMex Piñata',<sup id="cite_ref-Pin_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pin-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'TAM Dulcito',<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Waialua',<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hufnagle" title="Bill Hufnagle">Biker Billy</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 'NuMex Primavera'.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweet_hybrids">Sweet hybrids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sweet hybrids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sweet hybridized varieties have been created with no "heat", although they retain the look and flavor of a jalapeño.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eating_characteristics">Eating characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eating characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrients">Nutrients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nutrients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Peppers, jalapeño, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">121.3 kJ (29.0 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">6.50 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.12 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.8 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.37 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.91 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 54 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.040 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.070 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 1.28 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">25%</div> 0.42 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 27 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">132%</div> 118.6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">24%</div> 3.58 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 18.5 μg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 12 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.25 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 15 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 26 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 248 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 3 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.14 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">91.69 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.01g – 6 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168576/nutrients">link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A raw jalapeño is 92% water, 6% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 1% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and contains negligible <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). A <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">100-gram (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> oz) reference serving of raw jalapeños provides 120 kilojoules (29 kcal) of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B6</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a> in a moderate amount (table). Other <a href="/wiki/Micronutrients" class="mw-redirect" title="Micronutrients">micronutrients</a> are low in content (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoville_heat_units">Scoville heat units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Scoville heat units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared with other chillies, the jalapeño heat level varies from mild to hot depending on cultivation and preparation and can have from a few thousand to over 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Scoville_scale" title="Scoville scale">Scoville</a> heat units.<sup id="cite_ref-molecules_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molecules-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of scars on the pepper, which appear as small brown lines, called 'corking', has a positive correlation with heat level, as growing conditions which increase heat level also cause the pepper to form scars.<sup id="cite_ref-pnas_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnas-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For US consumer markets, 'corking' is considered unattractive; however, in other markets, it is a favored trait, particularly in pickled or oil-preserved jalapeños.<sup id="cite_ref-Postharvest_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Postharvest-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The heat level of jalapeños varies even for fruit from the same plant;<sup id="cite_ref-molecules_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molecules-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, some cultivars have been bred to be generally milder, and on the low side of the heat range, such as the 'TAM Milds'<sup id="cite_ref-TAMII_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TAMII-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 'Dulcito', and others to be generally hotter, and on the high end of the heat range, such as 'Grande'. As the peppers ripen their pungency increases, making red jalapeños to be generally hotter than green jalapeños, at least of the same variety. If the jalapeño plants were stressed by increased water salinity, erratic watering, temperature, light, soil nutrition, insects, or illness, this will increase their pungency.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of the <a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">capsaicin</a> and related compounds are concentrated in vesicles found in the placenta membrane surrounding the seeds; the vesicles appear white or yellow and fluoresce in the range of 530 to 600 nm when placed in violet light.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pnas_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnas-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If fresh chili peppers come in contact with the skin, eyes, lips or other membranes, irritation can occur; some people who are particularly sensitive wear latex or vinyl gloves while handling peppers. If irritation does occur, washing the oils off with hot soapy water and applying vegetable oil to the skin may help.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When preparing jalapeños, it is recommended that hands not come in contact with the eyes as this leads to burning and redness.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serving_methods">Serving methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Serving methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg/220px-Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg/330px-Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg/440px-Jalape%C3%B1o_Poppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>Jalapeño peppers wrapped in crescent rolls</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Stuffed jalapeños are hollowed-out fresh jalapeños (served cooked or raw) filled with seafood, meat, poultry, or cheese.</li> <li>Pickled jalapeños, a type of <a href="/wiki/Pickled_pepper" title="Pickled pepper">pickled pepper</a>, sliced or whole, are often served hot or cold on top of <a href="/wiki/Nachos" title="Nachos">nachos</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Tortilla_chip" title="Tortilla chip">tortilla chips</a> with melted cheese on top, a <a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex</a> dish.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotles</a> are <a href="/wiki/Smoking_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking (food)">smoked</a> ripe jalapeños.</li> <li>Jalapeño jelly, which is a <a href="/wiki/Pepper_jelly" title="Pepper jelly">pepper jelly</a>, can be prepared using <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">jelling</a> methods.</li> <li>Jalapeño peppers are often <a href="/wiki/Muddler" title="Muddler">muddled</a> and served in <a href="/wiki/Mixed_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed drinks">mixed drinks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o_popper" title="Jalapeño popper">Jalapeño poppers</a> are an appetizer; jalapeños are stuffed with cheese, usually cheddar or cream cheese, breaded or wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, and cooked.</li> <li>Armadillo eggs are jalapeños or similar chilis stuffed with cheese, coated in seasoned sausage meat and wrapped in bacon. The "eggs" are then grilled until the bacon starts to crisp.</li> <li><i>Chiles toreados</i> are fresh jalapeños that are sauteed in oil until the skin is blistered all over. They are sometimes served with melted cheese on top.</li> <li>Texas toothpicks are jalapeños and onions shaved into straws, lightly breaded, and deep-fried.</li> <li>Chopped jalapeños are a common ingredient in many <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (sauce)">salsas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chili_con_carne" title="Chili con carne">chilis</a>.</li> <li>Jalapeño slices are commonly served in Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">pho</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">bánh mì</a>, and are also a common sandwich and pizza topping in the West.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary_concerns">Culinary concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Culinary concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jalapeños are a low-acid food with a pH of 4.8–6.0 depending on maturity and individual pepper. If canned or pickled jalapeños appear gassy, mushy, moldy, or have a disagreeable odor, then to avoid <a href="/wiki/Botulism" title="Botulism">botulism</a>, special precautions are needed to avoid illness and spread of the bacteria.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning or packaging in calcium chloride increases the firmness of the peppers and the calcium content, whether or not the peppers are pickled as well as canned.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, fresh jalapeños from Mexico were tested positive for <i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a></i> leading the <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> to believe that the peppers were responsible for much of the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_salmonellosis_outbreak" title="2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak">2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak</a>. This large outbreak of <i>Salmonella</i> led to increased research into the detection of pathogens on jalapeños, the frequency and behavior of foodborne illness related to jalapeños, and ways to prevent foodborne illnesses from fresh jalapeños.<sup id="cite_ref-frebeh_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frebeh-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-highwash_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highwash-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contaminated irrigation water and processing water are the two most common methods by which jalapeños become contaminated, as was the case in the 2008 outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jalapeños have similar microbial properties to tomatoes. The outer layer of their skin provides a safe environment for pathogens to survive, and if damaged or chopped provides a growth medium for these pathogens.<sup id="cite_ref-frebeh_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frebeh-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-washed_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washed-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washing fresh jalapeños is important to reduce pathogen counts both at the farm and consumer level, but without cold storage it is insufficient to prevent pathogen spread.<sup id="cite_ref-highwash_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highwash-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-washed_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washed-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The jalapeño is a Mexican chili but was designated by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Legislature" title="Texas Legislature">Texas Legislature</a> as the official "State Pepper of Texas" in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mexico, jalapeños are used in many forms such as in <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(food)" title="Salsa (food)">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pico_de_gallo" title="Pico de gallo">pico de gallo</a>, or grilled jalapeños. Jalapeños were included as food on the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> as early as 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i> recognizes Alfredo Hernandes for the most jalapeños eaten in a minute: 16, on 17 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/La_Coste%C3%B1a_(food_company)" title="La Costeña (food company)">La Costeña</a> Feel the Heat Challenge in Chicago, Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bertoletti" title="Patrick Bertoletti">Patrick Bertoletti</a> holds the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Eating" title="Major League Eating">Major League Eating</a> jalapeño records at 275 pickled jalapeños in 8 minutes on 1 May 2011, and 191 pickled jalapeños in 6.5 minutes on 16 September 2007 in the 'Short-Form'.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Guzm%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Guzmán">Joaquín Guzmán</a>, also known as "El Chapo", the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a>, operated a cannery in Guadalajara producing "Comadre Jalapeños" in order to ship cocaine to the US.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National Jalapeño Day is September 5th in the United States.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maturing jalapeño in a planter box"><img alt="Maturing jalapeño in a planter box" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg/194px-Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg/291px-Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg/387px-Jalapenos_Halfway_Ripe_Summit_NJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2060" data-file-height="1596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maturing jalapeño in a planter box</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JalapenoStemPod.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A jalapeño plant with pods"><img alt="A jalapeño plant with pods" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/JalapenoStemPod.JPG/112px-JalapenoStemPod.JPG" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/JalapenoStemPod.JPG/169px-JalapenoStemPod.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/JalapenoStemPod.JPG/225px-JalapenoStemPod.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A jalapeño plant with pods</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ripened jalapeños"><img alt="Ripened jalapeños" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg/200px-Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg/300px-Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg/400px-Ripe_jalapeno_pepper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ripened jalapeños</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chilito_verde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fresh sliced jalapeños"><img alt="Fresh sliced jalapeños" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chilito_verde.jpg/200px-Chilito_verde.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chilito_verde.jpg/300px-Chilito_verde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chilito_verde.jpg/400px-Chilito_verde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fresh sliced jalapeños</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" 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href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Birthday_Celebration" title="Washington's Birthday Celebration">Washington's Birthday Celebration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, which includes the annual Jalapeño Festival in February</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalape%C3%B1o&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=JALAPE%C3%91O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fjalapeno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/jalapeno">"jalapeño"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Longman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English" title="Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Longman+Dictionary+of+Contemporary+English&rft.atitle=jalape%C3%B1o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldoceonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Fjalapeno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJalape%C3%B1o" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/jalapeno">"jalapeño"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Jalape%C3%B1o" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jalape%C3%B1o" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/jalape%C3%B1o" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/jalapeño"><i>jalapeño</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capsicum_cultivars" title="Template:Capsicum cultivars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capsicum_cultivars" title="Template talk:Capsicum cultivars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capsicum_cultivars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capsicum cultivars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capsicum_cultivars557" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars"><i>Capsicum</i> cultivars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum"><i>C. annuum</i> var. <i>annuum</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almora_Lakhori_Mirchi" title="Almora Lakhori Mirchi">Almora Lakhori Mirchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_pepper" title="Aleppo pepper">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklouti_pepper" title="Baklouti pepper">Baklouti pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_pepper" title="Banana pepper">Banana pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banaras_Lal_Bharwamirch_(Red_Pickle_Chilli)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaras Lal Bharwamirch (Red Pickle Chilli)">Banaras Lal Bharwamirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Dam_pepper" title="Beaver Dam pepper">Beaver Dam pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhiwapur_Chilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhiwapur Chilli">Bhiwapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_eye_chili" title="Bird's eye chili">Bird's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byadagi_chilli" title="Byadagi chilli">Byadagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascabel_chili" title="Cascabel chili">Cascabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongyang_chili_pepper" title="Cheongyang chili pepper">Cheongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilaca">Chilaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubanelle" title="Cubanelle">Cubanelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_de_%C3%A1rbol" title="Chile de árbol">De árbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diavoletto_d%27Abruzzo" title="Diavoletto d'Abruzzo">Diavoletto d'Abruzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundicut" title="Dundicut">Dundicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edayur_chilli" title="Edayur chilli"> Edayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Er_jing_tiao" title="Er jing tiao">Er jing tiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espelette_pepper" title="Espelette pepper">Espelette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_heaven_pepper" title="Facing heaven pepper">Facing heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friggitello" title="Friggitello">Friggitello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajillo_chili" title="Guajillo chili">Guajillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntur_Sannam" title="Guntur Sannam">Guntur Sannam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmal_chilli" title="Harmal chilli">Harmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_wax_pepper" title="Hungarian wax pepper">Hungarian wax</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_red_chilli" title="Kashmiri red chilli">Kashmiri red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khola_chilli" title="Khola chilli">Khola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_chili_pepper" title="Korean chili pepper">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_pepper" title="Medusa pepper">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulato_pepper" title="Mulato pepper">Mulato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandurbar_Mirchi" title="Nandurbar Mirchi">Nandurbar Mirchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Jim_pepper" title="Big Jim pepper">Big Jim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimayo_pepper" title="Chimayo pepper">Chimayó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_chile" title="Fresno chile">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_No._9" title="New Mexico No. 9">No. 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_pepper" title="Sandia pepper">Sandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Grande_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe Grande pepper">Santa Fe Grande</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padr%C3%B3n_pepper" title="Padrón pepper">Padrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasilla" title="Pasilla">Pasilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_pepper" title="Peter pepper">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peperone_crusco" title="Peperone crusco">Peperone crusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimiento" title="Pimiento">Pimiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblano" title="Poblano">Poblano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramnathapuram_Mundu_chilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramnathapuram Mundu chilli">Ramnathapuram Mundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_pepper" title="Serrano pepper">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishito" title="Shishito">Shishito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siling_haba" title="Siling haba">Siling haba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirarakhong_Hathei_chilli" title="Sirarakhong Hathei chilli">Sirarakhong Hathei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum_var._glabriusculum" title="Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum"><i>C. annuum</i> var. <i>glabriusculum</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pequin_pepper" title="Pequin pepper">Piquín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum_var._glabriusculum" title="Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum">Wild chiltepin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_chinense" title="Capsicum chinense">C. chinense</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjuma" title="Adjuma">Adjuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%AD_dulce" title="Ají dulce">Ají dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhut_jolokia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhut jolokia">Bhut jolokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Reaper" title="Carolina Reaper">Carolina Reaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_habanero" title="Chocolate habanero">Chocolate habanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datil_pepper" title="Datil pepper">Datil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Breath_(chili_pepper)" title="Dragon's Breath (chili pepper)">Dragon's Breath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatalii" title="Fatalii">Fatalii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habanaga" title="Habanaga">Habanaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habanero" title="Habanero">Habanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_yellow_lantern_chili" title="Hainan yellow lantern chili">Hainan yellow lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_chili" title="Infinity chili">Infinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Jeanette" title="Madame Jeanette">Madame Jeanette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagabon" title="Nagabon">Nagabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Mircha" title="Naga Mircha">Naga Mircha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Morich" title="Naga Morich">Naga Morich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Viper_pepper" title="Naga Viper pepper">Naga Viper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Savina_pepper" title="Red Savina pepper">'Red Savina' habanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_bonnet" title="Scotch bonnet">Scotch bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Moruga_scorpion" title="Trinidad Moruga scorpion">Trinidad Moruga scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Scorpion_Butch_T_pepper" title="Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper">Trinidad scorpion 'Butch T'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_X" title="Pepper X">Pepper X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_frutescens" title="Capsicum frutescens">C. frutescens</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piri_piri" title="Piri piri">African bird's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambuzi" title="Kambuzi">Kambuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siling_labuyo" title="Siling labuyo">Labuyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagueta_pepper" title="Malagueta pepper">Malagueta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_chilli" title="Mizo chilli">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_baccatum" title="Capsicum baccatum">C. baccatum</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%AD_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Ají pepper">Ají</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_crown" title="Bishop's crown">Bishop's crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_drop_pepper" title="Lemon drop pepper">Lemon drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_piquant%C3%A9_pepper" title="Sweet piquanté pepper">Sweet piquanté pepper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_pubescens" title="Capsicum pubescens">C. pubescens</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_pubescens" title="Capsicum pubescens">Rocoto pepper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Capsicum_cultivars" title="Category:Capsicum cultivars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" class="extiw" title="commons:Capsicum">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culinary_herbs_and_spices83" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template talk:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_lanzan" title="Buchanania lanzan">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalapeño&oldid=1271432702">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalapeño&oldid=1271432702</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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