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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Purity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obedience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obedience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Obedience</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obedience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infallible" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Philosophy (<i>Falsafa</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy_(Falsafa)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_of_angels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_of_angels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification of angels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_of_angels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angels_in_Islamic_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angels_in_Islamic_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Angels in Islamic art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angels_in_Islamic_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bektashi_Alevism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bektashi_Alevism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bektashi Alevism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bektashi_Alevism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Angels in Islam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="الملائكة في الإسلام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الملائكة في الإسلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="ফৰিষ্টা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফৰিষ্টা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slamda_m%C9%99l%C9%99kl%C9%99r" title="İslamda mələklər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İslamda mələklər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ফেরেশতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফেরেশতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%84%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D3%99" title="Исламда фәрештә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Исламда фәрештә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80ngels_en_l%27islam" title="Àngels en l'islam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àngels en l'islam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngeles_en_el_islam" title="Ángeles en el islam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ángeles en el islam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="فرشتگان در اسلام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرشتگان در اسلام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikas" title="Malaikas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malaikas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मलाइका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलाइका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C4%91eli_u_islamu" title="Anđeli u islamu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anđeli u islamu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikat_dalam_Islam" title="Malaikat dalam Islam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malaikat dalam Islam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angeli_nell%27islam" title="Angeli nell'islam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Angeli nell'islam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%95%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%B2%DB%8C%D9%90%DA%A9" title="اِسلامس مٕنٛز ملٲیِک – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِسلامس مٕنٛز ملٲیِک" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_(%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC)" title="Періште (Ислам) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Періште (Ислам)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjely_(araka_ny_silamo)" title="Anjely (araka ny silamo) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Anjely (araka ny silamo)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="الملائكه فى الاسلام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الملائكه فى الاسلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaikat_dalam_Islam" title="Malaikat dalam Islam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malaikat dalam Islam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelen_in_de_islam" title="Engelen in de islam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engelen in de islam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Исламехь маликаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исламехь маликаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farishta" title="Farishta – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Farishta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%DB%81" title="ایمان بالملائکہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایمان بالملائکہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjos_no_Isl%C3%A3o" title="Anjos no Islão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anjos no Islão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Engerii_%C3%AEn_islam_%C8%99i_%C3%AEn_tradi%C8%9Bia_islamic%C4%83" title="Îngerii în islam și în tradiția islamică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Îngerii în islam și în tradiția islamică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Малаика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малаика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meleq%C3%ABt_n%C3%AB_Islam" title="Meleqët në Islam – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meleqët në Islam" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA" title="දේවදූතයන් පිළිබඳව ඉස්ලාමීය සංකල්පය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දේවදූතයන් පිළිබඳව ඉස්ලාමීය සංකල්පය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel_(islam)" title="Angel (islam) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angel (islam)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95_%D9%84%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="فریشتە لە ئیسلامدا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فریشتە لە ئیسلامدا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C4%91eli_u_islamu" title="Anđeli u islamu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anđeli u islamu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkelit_islaminuskossa" title="Enkelit islaminuskossa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Enkelit islaminuskossa" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Heavenly beings found in the Islamic tradition</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Persian_angel_1555.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Persian_angel_1555.jpg/220px-Persian_angel_1555.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Persian_angel_1555.jpg/330px-Persian_angel_1555.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Persian_angel_1555.jpg/440px-Persian_angel_1555.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="2306" /></a><figcaption>Angel in a <a href="/wiki/Persian_miniature" title="Persian miniature">Persian miniature</a>, in the style of <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, 16th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ملاك٬ ملك</span>‎</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">malāk</i></span>; plural: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ملائِكة</span>‎</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">malāʾik/malāʾikah</i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">فرشته</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn"><i>ferešte</i></i></span>) are believed to be <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heavenly</a> beings, created from a luminous origin by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds_2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kassim_2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kassim_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> is the principal source for the Islamic concept of angels,<sup id="cite_ref-burge_angels1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burge_angels1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but more extensive features of angels appear in <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mi'raj</i></span> literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Islamic exegesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theology">theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">philosophy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_mysticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic mysticism">mysticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds_2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kassim_2007_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kassim_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revealed Books</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Foundations</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> (exegesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> (creed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya"><i>Qisas al-Anbiya</i> ("Stories of the Prophets")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a> (Poems)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> (jurisprudence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> (law)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Islamic history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahabah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval Islamic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">society</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_(circumcision)" title="Khitan (circumcision)">Circumcision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_diaspora" title="Muslim diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession_and_exorcism_in_Islam" title="Spirit possession and exorcism in Islam">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">Proselytizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam" title="Sexuality in Islam">Sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_and_Islam" title="LGBTQ people and Islam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concubinage_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubinage in Islam">Concubinage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_hadith" title="Criticism of hadith">Hadith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_war" title="Islam and war">war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi_jihadism" title="Deobandi jihadism">Deobandi jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Islam" title="Glossary of Islam">Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam" title="Template:Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam" title="Template talk:Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Generally, belief in angels is one of the core tenets within Islam, as it is one of the <a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)#The_Six_Articles_of_Faith" title="Iman (Islam)">six articles of faith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Uthaymeen;_Syarh_Usl_Iman_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uthaymeen;_Syarh_Usl_Iman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angels are more prominent in Islam compared to Judeo-Christian tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The angels differ from other spiritual creatures in their attitude as creatures of virtue, in contrast to evil devils (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شَيَاطِين</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><i>šayāṭīn</i></i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">دیو</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn"><i>dīv</i></i></span>) and ambiguous <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جِنّ</span> or <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">پَری</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn"><i>parī</i></i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds_2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being considered to be virtuous beings, angels are not necessarily bringers of good news, as per Islamic tradition, angels can perform grim and violent tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angels are conceptualized as servants of God. As such, they are said to lack passion and bodily desires. If angels can nevertheless fail, is debated in Islam. Contemporary <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafis</a> usually hold the opinion that angels are always obedient and never fail to perform their tasks. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">schools of theology</a> (<i>Kalām</i>) often accept the fallibility of angels. <a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Māturīdites</a> say that the heavenly creatures are tested, and angels may fail such a test, whereupon they are dismissed from their duties. Some <a href="/wiki/Ash%CA%BFarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashʿarism">Ashʿarite</a> likewise argue that angels can fail. In contrast, most <a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazilism" title="Mu'tazilism">Mu'tazilites</a>, including some Asharis such as <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">al-Razi</a>, consider angels to be infallible. Though some Muslim scholars may accept a certain degree of angelic fallibility, these angels do not rebel on their own part against God but fail to complete their task properly. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>, angels are related to the nature of <a href="/wiki/%27aql" class="mw-redirect" title="'aql">reason</a> ('<i>aql</i>). According to <a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Sufi cosmology</a>, they connect the higher realms of the intellect with the lower world of matter. Thus, the human mind is conceptualized to form a connection with the <a href="/wiki/Malakut" title="Malakut">heavenly spheres</a> (<i>malakūt</i>) through such heavenly entities associated with (<i><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">nūr</a></i>). In contrast, the devils attempt to disturb the connection by diverging the mind to the <a href="/wiki/Sijjin" title="Sijjin">lower spheres</a>, thus associated with <a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">fire</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nar_as-samum" title="Nar as-samum">nār</a></i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Angel_Blowing_a_Woodwind%27,_ink_and_opaque_watercolor_painting_from_Iran,_c._1500,_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%27Angel_Blowing_a_Woodwind%27%2C_ink_and_opaque_watercolor_painting_from_Iran%2C_c._1500%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG/170px-%27Angel_Blowing_a_Woodwind%27%2C_ink_and_opaque_watercolor_painting_from_Iran%2C_c._1500%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%27Angel_Blowing_a_Woodwind%27%2C_ink_and_opaque_watercolor_painting_from_Iran%2C_c._1500%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG/255px-%27Angel_Blowing_a_Woodwind%27%2C_ink_and_opaque_watercolor_painting_from_Iran%2C_c._1500%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/%27Angel_Blowing_a_Woodwind%27%2C_ink_and_opaque_watercolor_painting_from_Iran%2C_c._1500%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG/340px-%27Angel_Blowing_a_Woodwind%27%2C_ink_and_opaque_watercolor_painting_from_Iran%2C_c._1500%2C_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><i>Angel Blowing a Woodwind</i>, ink and opaque watercolor painting from <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>, <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu Academy of Arts">Honolulu Academy of Arts</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Quranic word for angel (Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ملك</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">malak</i></span>) derives either from <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Malaka</i></span>, meaning "he controlled", due to their power to govern different affairs assigned to them,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or from the triliteral root <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">'-l-k</i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">l-'-k</i></span> or <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">m-l-k</i></span> with the broad meaning of a "messenger", just as its counterpart in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">malʾákh</i></span>). Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> word, however, the term is used exclusively for heavenly spirits of the divine world, as opposed to human messengers. The Quran refers to both angelic and human messengers as <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">rasul</i></span> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh,_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/220px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/330px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/440px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png 2x" data-file-width="5877" data-file-height="4374" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> receiving his first revelation from the angel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>. From the manuscript <a href="/wiki/Jami%27_al-Tawarikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jami' al-Tawarikh">Jami' al-Tawarikh</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rashid-al-Din_Hamadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid-al-Din Hamadani">Rashid-al-Din Hamadani</a>, 1307 AD.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Islam, angels are heavenly creatures created by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>. They are considered older than humans and <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Muslim authors disagree on the exact nature of angels, they agree that they are autonomous entities with subtle bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-Baydawi-2016_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baydawi-2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 508">: 508 </span></sup> Yet, both concepts of angels as <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> creatures with wings and as abstract forces are acknowledged.<sup id="cite_ref-burge_angels1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burge_angels1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angels play an important role in Muslim everyday life by protecting the believers from evil influences and recording the deeds of humans. They have different duties, including their praise of God, interacting with humans in ordinary life, defending against <a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">devils</a> (<i>shayāṭīn</i>) and carrying on natural phenomena.<sup id="cite_ref-Kassim_2007_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kassim_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a> angelic qualities, just as devilish ones, are assumed to be part of human's nature, the angelic one related to the spirit (<i>ruh</i>) and reason (<i>aql</i>), while the devilish one to egoism.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angels might accompany aspiring saints or advise pious humans. </p><p>One of the Islamic major characteristic is their lack of bodily desires; they never get tired, do not eat or drink, and have no anger.<sup id="cite_ref-glasse_49_50_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glasse_49_50-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various Islamic scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Umar_Sulaiman_Al-Ashqar" title="Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar">Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar</a> also quoted that angels do not need to consume food or drinks.<sup id="cite_ref-Muslim.or.id_Angels_not_eating_and_drink_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muslim.or.id_Angels_not_eating_and_drink-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also described as immortal, unlike jinn.<sup id="cite_ref-Islam,_Arabs,_and_Intelligent_World_of_the_Jinn_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam,_Arabs,_and_Intelligent_World_of_the_Jinn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Islamic traditions, they are described as being created from incorporeal <a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">light</a> (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Nūr</i></span>) or fire (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Nar</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a>, a 17th-century Indian scholar, has added, that angels can take various shapes.<sup id="cite_ref-Maktubat_Imam_Rabbani;_INFORMATION_ABOUT_GENIES_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maktubat_Imam_Rabbani;_INFORMATION_ABOUT_GENIES-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purity">Purity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Purity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angels believed to be engaged in human affairs are closely related to Islamic purity and modesty rituals. Many <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadiths</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Muwatta Imam Malik</a> from one of the <a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">Kutub al-Sittah</a>, talk about angels being repelled by humans' state of impurity.<sup id="cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burge_2010-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 323">: 323 </span></sup> It is argued that if driven away by ritual impurity, the <a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Kiraman Katibin</a>, who record people's actions,<sup id="cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burge_2010-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 325">: 325 </span></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">guardian angel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burge_2010-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 327">: 327 </span></sup> will not perform their tasks assigned to the individual. Another hadith specifies, during the state of impurity, bad actions are still written down, but good actions are not. </p><p>When a person tells a lie, angels nearby are separated from the person from the stench the lie emanates.<sup id="cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burge_2010-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 328">: 328 </span></sup> Angels also depart from humans when they are naked or are having a bath out of decency, but also curse people who are nude in public.<sup id="cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burge_2010-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 328">: 328 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> has mentioned that the angels nobility are because their substances are created from luminous light.<sup id="cite_ref-Maktubat_Imam_Rabbani;_INFORMATION_ABOUT_GENIES_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maktubat_Imam_Rabbani;_INFORMATION_ABOUT_GENIES-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angels are believed to be attracted to clean and sacred places. Impure conditions, such as dogs or unclean places, may impede an angels' duty.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obedience">Obedience</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Obedience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maalik_opens_the_gates_of_hell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Maalik_opens_the_gates_of_hell.jpg/170px-Maalik_opens_the_gates_of_hell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Maalik_opens_the_gates_of_hell.jpg/255px-Maalik_opens_the_gates_of_hell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Maalik_opens_the_gates_of_hell.jpg/340px-Maalik_opens_the_gates_of_hell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4871" data-file-height="6520" /></a><figcaption>Muhammad requests Maalik to show him Hell during his heavenly journey. Miniature from <a href="/wiki/The_David_Collection" title="The David Collection">The David Collection</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The possibility and degree of angels errability is debated in Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_of_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan of Basra">Hasan of Basra</a> (d. 728) is often considered one of the first who asserted the doctrine of angelic infallibility. He furthermore argued that this makes angels superior to humans, a position not shared by either early <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnis</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others accepted the possibility of fallible angels, with most debated topic in Islam were the story about competing angels and humans in the tale of <a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a>, who were tested to determine, whether or not, angels would do better than humans under the same circumstances,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tradition opposed by some scholars, such as <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ahmad ibn Taimiyya</a>, but still accepted by others, such as <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The notion that angels are free from bodily urges is commonly accepted by <a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazilites" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazilites">Mu'tazilites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asharites" class="mw-redirect" title="Asharites">Asharites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-houtsma_191_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houtsma_191-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> generally holds the view that angels are not inherently flawless, but their virtues derive from their insights into God's wisdom.<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a comment by <a href="/wiki/Gibril_Haddad" title="Gibril Haddad">Gibril Haddad</a> on <a href="/wiki/Qadi_Baydawi" title="Qadi Baydawi">Qadi Baydawi</a>'s defense on angelic fallibility in his <i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Baydawi" title="Tafsir al-Baydawi">Tafsir al-Baydawi</a></i> it is said that the angels' "obedience is their nature while their disobedience is a burden, while human beings' obedience is a burden and their hankering after lust is their nature."<sup id="cite_ref-Baydawi-2016_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baydawi-2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 546">: 546 </span></sup> Since obedience of angels is not discussed when talking about the identity of Iblis, the idea that angels are unable to sin might not have been a universal issue in early Islamic exegetical tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been argued that from the traditions of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abbas" title="Ibn Abbas">ibn Abbas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hasan_of_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan of Basra">Hasan of Basra</a> two different opinions derived; one regarding Iblis as a fallen angel and accepting that angels could sin, the other regarding Iblis as distinct from the angels and rejecting that angels could sin.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infallible">Infallible</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Infallible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opposition to the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">fallen angel</a> is mostly found among the <a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a> and most Mu'tazilites.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafis</a> also agree with this view.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who oppose angelic fallibility refer to Surah <a href="/wiki/At-Tahrim" title="At-Tahrim">at-Tahrim</a> (66:6)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in favor of their position: </p> <blockquote> <p>O believers! Protect yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones, overseen by formidable and severe angels, who never disobey whatever Allah orders—always doing as commanded. </p> </blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> is an exception to most <i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">mutakallimūn</a></i>, and agrees that angels are free from any form of sin and includes angelic infallibility to <a href="/wiki/The_six_articles_of_Islamic_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="The six articles of Islamic faith">the six articles of faith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Razi argues that "except Iblis" (2:34, 18:50) is read as an "uninterupted exception" (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:استثناء">Istithna</a> Munqathi</i>), excluding Iblis from the group of angels and states that he hailed from <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinn</a> species instead.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taimiyya">Ibn Taimiyya</a> rejects any ambiguity on the nature of Iblis and portrays him as a satanic jinni in contrast to the angels.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the opinions of ibn Taimiyya and his disciple <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">ibn Kathir</a>, many scholars of <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> follow the opinion of ibn Taimiyya and his disciple <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">ibn Kathir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, many of them regard this as a major difference between Christianity and Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fallible">Fallible</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fallible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg/170px-FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg/255px-FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg/340px-FallenAngelsHarutandMarut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4383" /></a><figcaption>The angels <a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a> punished by hanging over the well, condemned to teach sorcery. (c. 1703)</figcaption></figure> <p>Surah 2:30 portrays the angels arguing with God about the creation of Adam, since Adam's progeny will cause suffering. From among the angels, <a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a> refuses to pay homage to Adam and is banned. A possible reconciliation of Iblis' fall and the doctrine of angelic impeccability is to say that God wanted Iblis to disobey<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or that Iblis' disobedience derives from noble yet misguided motivation.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Al-Maturidi</a> (853–944 CE) rejects that angels are free from sin altogether, stating that angels too are tested and also have free-will based on the Quran:<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>By calling the stars adornment of the heavens, we can deduce another meaning: that is, the inhabitants of the heavens themselves are put to the test to see which of them is the best in deeds, (...)</p></blockquote><p> Those who are in support of the concept of fallen angels (including <a href="/wiki/Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabari">Tabari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suyuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Suyuti">Suyuti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Nasafi" class="mw-disambig" title="Al-Nasafi">al-Nasafi</a>, and al-Māturīdī) refer to <i>al-Anbiya</i> (21:29) stating that angels would be punished for sins and arguing that, if angels could not sin, they would not be warned to refrain from commiting them:<sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISBN_9789004100237_p54-56-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Whoever of them were to say, "I am a god besides Him", they would be rewarded with Hell by Us [...]</p></blockquote> <p>Besides the case of Iblis, the presence of <a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a> in the Quran, further hindered their complete absolution from potentially sinning.<sup id="cite_ref-Baydawi-2016_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baydawi-2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 548">: 548 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1573-3912_islam_COM_0642_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1573-3912_islam_COM_0642-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although not explicit in the Quran, some exegetes linked them to Iblis, and the angels with him, protesting the creation of Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sufism">Sufism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sufism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miraj_by_Sultan_Muhammad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Miraj_by_Sultan_Muhammad.jpg/170px-Miraj_by_Sultan_Muhammad.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Miraj_by_Sultan_Muhammad.jpg/255px-Miraj_by_Sultan_Muhammad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Miraj_by_Sultan_Muhammad.jpg/340px-Miraj_by_Sultan_Muhammad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4346" data-file-height="6285" /></a><figcaption>1543 illustration of the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'raj">Mi'raj</a> from an edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Khamsa_of_Nizami" title="Khamsa of Nizami">Khamsa</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi" title="Nizami Ganjavi">Nizami Ganjavi</a> created for Shah <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp I</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Just as in non-Sufi-related traditions, angels are thought of as created of light. <a href="/wiki/Al-Jili" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jili">Al-Jili</a> specifies that the angels are created from the <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Islam)" title="Logos (Islam)">Light of Muhammad</a> and in his attribute of guidance, light and beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influenced by Ibn Arabi's <a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haydar_Amuli" title="Haydar Amuli">Haydar Amuli</a> identifies angels as created to represent different names/attributes of God's beauty, while the devils are created in accordance with God's attributes of Majesty, such as "The Haughty" or "The Domineering".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusian</a> <a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">scholar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">ibn Arabi</a> argues that a human generally ranks below angels, but developed to <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil" title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil">al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></i>, ranks above them. While most earlier Sufis (like <a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Basri" title="Hasan al-Basri">Hasan al-Basri</a>) advised their disciples to imitate the angels, Ibn-Arabi advised them to surpass the angels. The angels being merely a reflection of the Divine Names in accordance within the spiritual realm, humans experience the Names of God manifested both in the spiritual and in the material world.<sup id="cite_ref-dx.doi.org_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dx.doi.org-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reflects the major opinion that prophets and messengers among humans rank above angels, but the ordinary human below an angel, while the messengers among angels rank higher than prophets and messengers among humans.<sup id="cite_ref-houtsma_191_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houtsma_191-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Arabi elaborates his ranking in <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Futuhat</i></span> based on a report by <i>Tirmidhi</i>. Accordingly, Muhammad intercedes for the angels first, then for (other) prophets, saints, believers, animals, plants and inanimate objects last, this explaining the hierarchy of beings in general Muslim thought.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In later Sufism, angels do not appear as merely models for the mystic but also their companions. Humans, in a state between earth and heaven, seek angels as guidance to reach the upper realms.<sup id="cite_ref-dx.doi.org_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dx.doi.org-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors have suggested that some individual angels in the microcosmos represent specific human faculties on a macrocosmic level.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a common belief, if a Sufi can not find a sheikh to teach him, he will be taught by the angel <a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Khidr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of an angel depends on human's obedience to divine law. Dirt, depraved morality and desecration may ward off an angel.<sup id="cite_ref-dx.doi.org_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dx.doi.org-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A saint might be given the ability to see angels as gift (<i><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">karāmāt</a></i>) from God.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Tijaniyyah" title="Tijaniyyah">Tijaniyyah</a> <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">order</a>, narrates that angels are created through the words of humans. Through good words an angel of mercy is created, but through evil words an angel of punishment is created. By God's degree, if someone repents from evil words, the angel of punishment may turn into an angel of mercy.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy_(Falsafa)"><span id="Philosophy_.28Falsafa.29"></span>Philosophy (<i>Falsafa</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Philosophy (Falsafa)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniatura_Maometto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Miniatura_Maometto.jpg/170px-Miniatura_Maometto.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Miniatura_Maometto.jpg/255px-Miniatura_Maometto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Miniatura_Maometto.jpg/340px-Miniatura_Maometto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>A 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Siyer-i_Nebi" title="Siyer-i Nebi">Siyer-i Nebi</a> image of angel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> visiting Muhammad</figcaption></figure> <p>Muslim philosophers, such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">al-Fārābī</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Sina">Ibn Sīnā</a>, drew from <a href="/wiki/Aristotelism" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristotelism">Aristotelism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Platonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Platonism">Neo-Platonism</a> a hierarchy of <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">causal effects</a>. God created the <a href="/wiki/Nous" title="Nous">divine Intellect</a> known from Aristotelian cosmology<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the writings of <a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">Plotinus</a>, is identified with an angel (usually Gabriel). The archangel then influences other cosmic intellects who in turn influence the sublunary world.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim theologians (<i>mutakallimun</i>), for example al-Suyuti<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">al-Taftazani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> generally rejected the philosophical depiction of angels as immaterial beings, since angels are, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">ḥadīṯ</a></i>, created from light (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">nūr</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the invisibility of angels, Taftazani argues that only God is immaterial and that angels evade perception due to their transparent bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The influential Sunni Muslim author <a href="/wiki/Al_Ghazali" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1058</span>–19 December 1111) reconciled the Islamic Neo-Platonists with traditional Sufi interpretations.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He divides human nature into four domains, each representing another type of creature: animals, beasts, devils and angels.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spiritual components are related to (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Malakut" title="Malakut">malakut</a></i></span>), the plane in which symbols take on form, angels and devils advise the human hearth (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">qalb</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Islam,_Arabs,_and_Intelligent_World_of_the_Jinn_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam,_Arabs,_and_Intelligent_World_of_the_Jinn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the angels also inhabit the realm beyond considered the realm from which reason (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">'aql</i></span>) derives from and devils have no place. </p><p>While the angels endow the human mind with reason, advices virtues and leads to worshipping God, the devil perverts the mind and tempts to abusing the spiritual nature by committing sins, such as lying, betrayal, and deceit. The angelic natures advices how to use the animalistic body properly, while the devil perverts it.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this regard, the plane of a human is, unlike whose of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">jinn</i></span> (here: angels and devils) <sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and animals, not pre-determined. Humans are potentially both angels and devils, depending on whether the <a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">sensual soul</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Ruh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruh">rational soul</a> develop.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_interpretations">Modern interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Modernism">Islamic Modernist scholars</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ahmed_Parwez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghulam Ahmed Parwez">Ghulam Ahmed Parwez</a> have suggested a metaphorical reinterpretation of the concept of angels.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a>, on the other hand, emphasizes a literal interpretation of angels and reject a metaphorical one as a form of <a href="/wiki/Kufr" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufr">unbelief</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">illicit innovation</a> (<i>bidʿah</i>), believed to be brought by <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a>. Salafi scholar <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Uthaymin" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymin">Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymin</a> considers the belief in angels as literal, physical, and sentient creatures as one of <a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)#The_Six_Articles_of_Faith" title="Iman (Islam)">the six articles of faith</a> in Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Uthaymeen;_Syarh_Usl_Iman_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uthaymeen;_Syarh_Usl_Iman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to traditional accounts on angels, many Salafi scholars, such as members of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umar_Sulaiman_Al-Ashqar" title="Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar">Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar</a>, disregard material previously well-accepted in Islamic tradition, such as the story of <i>Harut and Marut</i> or the name the Angel of Death (<i>ʿAzrāʾīl</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sulayman Ashqar not only rejects the traditional material itself, he furthermore disapproves of scholars who use them.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_of_angels">Classification of angels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Classification of angels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammad_and_the_Angel_Gabriel_by_Abd_al-Razzak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Muhammad_and_the_Angel_Gabriel_by_Abd_al-Razzak.jpg/220px-Muhammad_and_the_Angel_Gabriel_by_Abd_al-Razzak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Muhammad_and_the_Angel_Gabriel_by_Abd_al-Razzak.jpg/330px-Muhammad_and_the_Angel_Gabriel_by_Abd_al-Razzak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Muhammad_and_the_Angel_Gabriel_by_Abd_al-Razzak.jpg/440px-Muhammad_and_the_Angel_Gabriel_by_Abd_al-Razzak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="2306" /></a><figcaption>Muhammad and the Angel Gabriel by Abd al-Razzak</figcaption></figure> <p>Islam has no standard hierarchical organization that parallels the <a href="/wiki/Christian_angelic_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelic hierarchy">division into different "choirs" or spheres</a> hypothesized and drafted by early medieval <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theologians</a>, but generally distinguishes between the angels in heaven (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">karubiyin</i></span>) fully absorbed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">ma'rifa</a></i> (knowledge) of God and the messengers (<i>rasūl</i>) who carry out divine decrees between heaven and earth.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others add a third group of angels, and categorize angels into <i>İlliyyûn Mukarrebûn</i> (those around God's throne), <i>Mudabbirât</i> (carrying the laws of nature), and <i>Rasūl</i> (messengers).<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since angels are not equal in status and are consequently delegated to different tasks to perform, some <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">authors of <i>tafsir</i></a> (<i>mufassirūn</i>) divided angels into different categories. </p><p>Al-Baydawi records that Muslim scholars divide angels in at least two groups: those who are self-immersed in knowledge of "the Truth" (al-Haqq), based on "they laud night and day, they never wane" (21:29), they are the "highmost" and "angels brought near" and those who are the executors of commands, based on "they do not disobey Allah in what He commanded them but they do what they are commanded" (66:6), who are the administers of the command of heaven to earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Baydawi-2016_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baydawi-2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 509">: 509 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (d. 1209) divided the angels into eight groups, which shows some resemblance to Christian angelology:<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Hamalat al-'Arsh</a>, those who carry the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">'Arsh</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Throne_of_God" title="Throne of God">Throne of God</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comparable to the Christian <a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub#In_Islam" title="Cherub">Muqarrabun</a> (Cherubim), who surround the throne of God, constantly praising God (<i>tasbīḥ</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrāʾīl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkhāʾīl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Azrael#Significance_in_Islam" title="Azrael">ʿAzrāʾīl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%E1%B8%8Dwan" title="Riḍwan">Angels of Paradise</a>, such as Riḍwān.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyah" title="Zabaniyah">Angels of Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a> and <i>Zabānīya</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27aqqibat" title="Mu'aqqibat">Guardian angels</a>, who are assigned to individuals to protect them</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">The angels who record the actions of people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_spirits" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature spirits">Angels entrusted with the affairs of the world</a>, like the angel of thunder.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Angels_in_Islamic_art">Angels in Islamic art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Angels in Islamic art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg/170px-Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg/255px-Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg/340px-Siyer-i_Nebi_298a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Muhammad advancing on Mecca, with the angels <a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azrail" class="mw-redirect" title="Azrail">Azrail</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Siyer-i_Nebi" title="Siyer-i Nebi">Siyer-i Nebi</a>, 16th century)</figcaption></figure><p> Angels in Islamic art often appear in illustrated manuscripts of Muhammad's life. Other common depictions of angels in Islamic art include angels with Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden, angels discerning the saved from the damned on the Day of Judgement, and angels as a repeating motif in borders or textiles.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islamic depictions of angels resemble winged Christian angels, although Islamic angels are typically shown with multicolored wings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angels, such as the archangel Gabriel, are typically depicted as masculine, which is consistent with God's rejection of feminine depictions of angels in several verses of <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, later depictions of angels in Islamic art are more feminine and androgynous.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 13th century book <i>Ajā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt</i> <i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAj%C4%81%27ib_al-makhl%C5%ABq%C4%81t_wa_ghar%C4%81%27ib_al-mawj%C5%ABd%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt">(The Wonders of Creation)</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Zakariya_al-Qazwini" title="Zakariya al-Qazwini">Zakariya al-Qazwini</a> describes Islamic angelology, and is often illustrated with many images of angels. The angels are typically depicted with bright, vivid colors, giving them unusual liveliness and other-worldly translucence.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some angels are referred to as "Guardians of the Kingdom of God," others are associated with hell. An undated manuscript of <i>The Wonders of Creation</i> from the Bavarian State Library in Munich includes depictions of angels both alone and alongside humans and animals.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angels are also illustrated in <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> manuscripts, such as <i>The Timurid Book of the Prophet Muhammad's Ascension</i> (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mir'ajnama</i></span>) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Siyer-i_Nebi" title="Siyer-i Nebi">Siyer-i Nebi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gruber,_Christiane_J._2008_p._254_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruber,_Christiane_J._2008_p._254-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bektashi_Alevism">Bektashi Alevism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bektashi Alevism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konya_angel_wall_fragment.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Konya_angel_wall_fragment.png/220px-Konya_angel_wall_fragment.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Konya_angel_wall_fragment.png/330px-Konya_angel_wall_fragment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Konya_angel_wall_fragment.png/440px-Konya_angel_wall_fragment.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Fragments of Konya city walls, c. 1220-1221.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite its <a href="/wiki/Heterodoxy" title="Heterodoxy">heterodoxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevis</a> believe in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, the revelation by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">the afterlife</a>, and angels, pretty much as Sunnis do.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like orthodox Muslims, Alevis believe that Muhammad undertook the <a href="/wiki/Isra%27_and_Mi%27raj" title="Isra' and Mi'raj">heavenly journey</a> guided by the angel Gabriel (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Cebrâil</i>), mentioned in the Quran (<a href="/wiki/Al-Isra%27" title="Al-Isra'">Surah 17</a>), as evident from the <i>miraçlama</i>, a form of poetry (<i>deyiş</i>) remniscient of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_music" title="Turkish folk music">Anatolian folk songs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alevis affirm the Quranic message that angels were ordered to bow down before Adam, and for that reason, believe that humans inherent a special status.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Alevis believe that good and bad angels are merely symbols and do not believe in their literal existence.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Angels are also mentioned in Alevi-spiritual literature. The cosmology outllined in the <a href="/wiki/Buyruks" title="Buyruks">Buyruks</a> ascribes a central role to angels. Accordingly, when God created the angels, God tested them by asking who they are. Those angels who responded "You are the Creator and I am the created." were the good angels, while those who claimed independency by stating "You are you; I am I" were burned.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereby, the destroyed angels feature as an example of spiritual ignorance.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the Quran, the story continues with that the angel <i><a href="/wiki/Azazil" title="Azazil">Azâzîl</a></i>, overcome by his ego, refuses to bow before the light, arguing that the light is a created thing and thus, cannot be the creator, and accordingly unworthy of prostration.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to Sunni tradition however, the light symbolizes <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> and Muhammad, not <a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides Gabriel and Azazil, other angels, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Kiraman Katibin</a></i> also appear in the text.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Angels_in_Islam" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Angels in Islam">Angels in Islam</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_art" title="Angels in art">Angels in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Judaism" title="Angels in Judaism">Angels in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theological_angels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of theological angels">List of theological angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theological_demons" title="List of theological demons">List of theological demons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peri" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri">Peri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Differences between <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">nūr</i></span> and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">nar</i></span> have been debated in Islam. In Arabic, both terms are closely related <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphologically</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetically</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qadi_Baydawi" title="Qadi Baydawi">Baydawi</a> explains that the term <i>light</i> serves only as a <a href="/wiki/Proverb" title="Proverb">proverb</a>, but fire and light refers actually to the same substance.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from light, other traditions also mention exceptions about angels created from fire, ice or water.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Tabari</a> argued that both can be seen as the same substance, since both pass into each other but refer to the same thing on different degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asserting that both fire and light are actually the same but on different degrees can also be found by <a href="/wiki/Zakariya_al-Qazwini" title="Zakariya al-Qazwini">Qazwini</a> and Ibishi.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his work <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Al-Hay'a as-samya fi l-hay'a as-sunmya</i></span>, Suyuti asserts that the angels are created from "fire that eats, but does not drink".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi argued that only the angels of mercy are created from light, but angels of punishment have been created from fire.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWebb2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gisela_Webb" title="Gisela Webb">Webb, Gisela</a> (2006). "Angel". In <a href="/wiki/Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe" title="Jane Dammen McAuliffe">McAuliffe, Jane Dammen</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_the_Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n" title="Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān">Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān</a></i>. Vol. I. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00010">10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-14743-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-14743-8"><bdi>90-04-14743-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Angel&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00010&rft.isbn=90-04-14743-8&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Gisela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MacDonald, D.B. and Madelung, W., "Malāʾika", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Online, retrieved 4 January 2024 <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642</a>> Erste Online-Publikation: 2012 Erste Druckedition: ISBN 9789004161214, 1960-2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds_2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_2009_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Said_Reynolds" title="Gabriel Said Reynolds">Reynolds, Gabriel S.</a> (2009). "Angels". In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett K.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam 3">Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE</a></i>. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204">10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18130-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18130-4"><bdi>978-90-04-18130-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Angels&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+THREE&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1873-9830&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18130-4&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kassim_2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kassim_2007_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kassim_2007_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kassim_2007_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKassim2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kassim, Husain (2007). Beentjes, Pancratius C.; Liesen, Jan (eds.). "Nothing can be Known or Done without the Involvement of Angels: Angels and Angelology in Islam and Islamic Literature". <i>Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature Yearbook</i>. <b>2007</b> (2007). <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>: <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>: 645–662. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110192957.6.645">10.1515/9783110192957.6.645</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1614-337X">1614-337X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201096692">201096692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deuterocanonical+and+Cognate+Literature+Yearbook&rft.atitle=Nothing+can+be+Known+or+Done+without+the+Involvement+of+Angels%3A+Angels+and+Angelology+in+Islam+and+Islamic+Literature&rft.volume=2007&rft.issue=2007&rft.pages=645-662&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201096692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1614-337X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110192957.6.645&rft.aulast=Kassim&rft.aufirst=Husain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burge_angels1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burge_angels1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-burge_angels1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurge2015" 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title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-14497-8"><bdi>978-0-203-14497-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011027021">2011027021</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/933442177">933442177</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:169825282">169825282</a>.</cite><span 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Accessed 21 February 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Mahmoud Omidsalar) Originally Published: December 15, 2000 Last Updated: February 7, 2012 This article is available in print. Vol. X, Fasc. 4, pp. 418-422</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFel-Zein2009" class="citation book cs1">el-Zein, Amira (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JjTctEZXHCQC&pg=PA20">"Correspondences Between Jinn and Humans"</a>. <i>Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn</i>. 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Stewart. Consulted online on 02 January 2024 <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204</a>> First published online: 2009 First print edition: 9789004181304, 2009, 2009-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yazaki, Saeko. "Classes of Beings in Sufism." Sufi Cosmology. Brill, 2022. 68-88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ali, Syed Anwer. 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"The Primordial Cycle Revisited: Adam, Eve, and the Celestial Beings." The intermediate worlds of angels (2019): 173-199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Dammen McAuliffe Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān Volume 3 Georgetown University, Washington DC p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mustafa Öztürk <i>Journal of Islamic Research</i> Vol 2 No 2 December 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houtsma, M. Th. (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Band 5. Brill. p. 191. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-004-09791-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-004-09791-9">978-9-004-09791-9</a> p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fr. Edmund Teuma, O.F.M. Conv <i>The Nature of "Ibli'h in the Qur'an as Interpreted by the Commentators</i> p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gauvain, Richard (2013). Salafi Ritual Purity: In the Presence of God. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-1356-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-1356-0">978-0-7103-1356-0</a> p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Syrinx von Hees Enzyklopädie als Spiegel des Weltbildes: Qazwīnīs Wunder der Schöpfung: eine Naturkunde des 13. Jahrhunderts Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04511-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04511-7">978-3-447-04511-7</a> page 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasr2013" class="citation book cs1">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_jkNAQAAMAAJ"><i>Islamic Life and Thought</i></a>. Routledge. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-53818-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-53818-8"><bdi>978-1-134-53818-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Life+and+Thought&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-134-53818-8&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Hossein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_jkNAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ANTON M. HEINEN ISLAMIC COSMOLOGY A STUDY OF AS-SUYUTI'S al-Hay'a as-samya fi l-hay'a as-sunmya with critical edition, translation, and commentary ANTON M. HEINEN BEIRUT 1982 p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1995). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: NED-SAM. Brill. p. 94. ISBN 9789004098343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maktubat_Imam_Rabbani;_INFORMATION_ABOUT_GENIES-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maktubat_Imam_Rabbani;_INFORMATION_ABOUT_GENIES_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maktubat_Imam_Rabbani;_INFORMATION_ABOUT_GENIES_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed_Sirhindi_Faruqi" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ahmed Sirhindi Faruqi. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=31+-+INFORMATION+ABOUT+GENIES&rft.btitle=Maktubat+Imam+Rabbani+%28Shaykh+Ahmed+Sirhindi%29&rft.au=Ahmed+Sirhindi+Faruqi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maktabah.org%2Findex.php%2Fsufism%2F45-maktubat%2F62-maktubat-imam-rabbani.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burge_2010-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burge_2010_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurge2010" class="citation journal cs1">Burge, Stephen R. 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Consulted online on 12 October 2021 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0642">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0642</a> First published online: 2012 First print edition: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16121-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16121-4">978-90-04-16121-4</a>, 1960-2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayoub, Mahmoud M. Qurʾan and Its Interpreters, The, Volume 1 State University of New York Press, 30.06.1984 p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowker. <i>World Religions</i>. p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Awn, Peter J. (1983). Satan's Tragedy and Redemption: Iblīs in Sufi Psychology. Leiden, Germany: Brill Publishers. p. 182 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06906-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06906-0">978-90-04-06906-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayman Shihadeh <i>Sufism and Theology</i> Edinburgh University Press, 21 November 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3134-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3134-6">978-0-7486-3134-6</a> pp. 54-56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dx.doi.org-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dx.doi.org_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dx.doi.org_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dx.doi.org_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds, Gabriel Said, "Angels", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Consulted online on 17 August 2021 <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204</a>> First published online: 2009 First print edition: 9789004181304, 2009, 2009-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohamed Haj Yousef The Single Monad Model of the Cosmos: Ibn Arabi's Concept of Time and Creation ibnalarabi 2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-499-77984-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-499-77984-4">978-1-499-77984-4</a> page 292</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallorini, Louise. 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Diss. 2021. p. 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Renard <i>Historical Dictionary of Sufism</i> Rowman & Littlefield, 19 November 2015 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7974-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7974-4">978-0-8108-7974-4</a> p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Anthony Sells <i>Early Islamic Mysticism (CWS)</i> Paulist Press 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-809-13619-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-809-13619-3">978-0-809-13619-3</a> page 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel Cobb <i>Archetypal Imagination: Glimpses of the Gods in Life and Art</i> SteinerBooks <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940-26247-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940-26247-8">978-0-940-26247-8</a> page 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maddenin bu bölümü TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi'nin 2022 yılında Ankara'da basılan 25. cildinde, 265-268 numaralı sayfalarda "KERÂMET" başlığıyla yer almıştır. Matbu nüshayı pdf dosyası olarak indirmek için tıklayınız. Bu bölüm en son 13.02.2019 tarihinde güncellenmiştir</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, Zachary Valentine. "Realizing Islam, Sustainable History Monograph Pilot OA."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Efremova, Natalia V. "The Islamization of Aristotelism in the Metaphysics of Ibn Sina." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 24.1 (2020): 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Webb, Geoffrey. “Aristotle and the Angels: Convergence of Islam and Christianity.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 79, no. 315 (1990): 293. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/30091976">http://www.jstor.org/stable/30091976</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Burge. 2024. 'Angels (malāʾika)', St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. Edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.saet.ac.uk/Islam/Angels">https://www.saet.ac.uk/Islam/Angels</a> Accessed: 21 November 2024 p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Webb, Geoffrey. “Aristotle and the Angels: Convergence of Islam and Christianity.” Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 79, no. 315 (1990): 293. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/30091976">http://www.jstor.org/stable/30091976</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lizzini, Olga, "Ibn Sina’s Metaphysics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/ibn-sina-metaphysics/">https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/ibn-sina-metaphysics/</a>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janssens, Jules. "Ibn Sīnā’s Ideas of Ultimate Realities. Neoplatonism and the Qur’ān As Problem-Solving Paradigms in the Avicennian System." Ultimate Reality and Meaning 10.4 (1987): 252-271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Burge Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erdinç, Z. (2021). The Being and Essence of the Human Soul in al-Taftazanı's Thought. Nazariyat, 7(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Burge. 2024. 'Angels (malāʾika)', St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. Edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.saet.ac.uk/Islam/Angels">https://www.saet.ac.uk/Islam/Angels</a> Accessed: 21 November 2024 p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erdinç, Z. (2021). The Being and Essence of the Human Soul in al-Taftazanı's Thought. Nazariyat, 7(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tamer, Georges. Islam and Rationality: The Impact of al-Ghazālī. Papers Collected on His 900th Anniversary. Vol. 1. Vol. 94. 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Jahrhunderts Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04511-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04511-7">978-3-447-04511-7</a> page 268 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Truglia, Craig. "AL-GHAZALI AND GIOVANNI PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA ON THE QUESTION OF HUMAN FREEDOM AND THE CHAIN OF BEING." Philosophy East and West, vol. 60, no. 2, 2010, pp. 143–166. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40666556. Accessed 17 Aug. 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Teuma, E. (1984). More on Qur'anic jinn. 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Bilimname 2009.2 (2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D40%3Averse%3D7">40:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair1991" class="citation book cs1">Blair, Sheila (1991). <i>Images of Paradise in Islamic Art</i>. Dartmouth College: Hood Museum of Art. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Images+of+Paradise+in+Islamic+Art&rft.place=Dartmouth+College&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Hood+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli" class="citation book cs1">Ali, Mualana Muhammad. <i>The Holy Qur'an</i>. pp. 149–150.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Qur%27an&rft.pages=149-150&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Mualana+Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdl.org/en/item/8961/">"The Wonders of Creation"</a>. <i>www.wdl.org</i>. 1750<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wdl.org&rft.atitle=The+Wonders+of+Creation&rft.date=1750&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F8961%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngels+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gruber,_Christiane_J._2008_p._254-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gruber,_Christiane_J._2008_p._254_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gruber, Christiane J. (2008). The Timurid "Book of Ascension" (Micrajnama): A Study of the Text and Image in a Pan-Asian Context. Patrimonia. p. 254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Topuz, Birol. "Three Concepts That Are Confused With Each Other In Academia: Alevism, Bektashism, and Shiism." Journal of Alevism-Bektashism Studies 27 (2023): 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suzuki, Manami. "< Special Feature “The Encounter with Religious Others through Music and Musician in the Islamic World”> The Transmission of Alevi Ritualistic Practices in Austria as the Religious Other's Society." イスラーム世界研究 16 (2023): 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shindeldecker, John. Turkish Alevis Today. Sahkulu Sultan Külliyesi Vakfı, 1998. p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shindeldecker, John. Turkish Alevis Today. Sahkulu Sultan Külliyesi Vakfı, 1998. p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gezik, E. (2015). How Angel Gabriel Became Our Brother of the Hereafter (On the Question of Ismaili Influence on Alevism). British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 43(1), 64-65. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1060154">https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1060154</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gezik, E. (2015). How Angel Gabriel Became Our Brother of the Hereafter (On the Question of Ismaili Influence on Alevism). British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 43(1), 65. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1060154">https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1060154</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOĞAN, Eşref, and Hasan ÇELİK. "HÛ ERENLER! HÂYYʼDAN GELDİK HÛʼYA GİDERİZ: ALEVÎ-BEKTÂŞÎ DEYİMLERİNİN TÜRK EDEBİYATINA YANSIMALARI." p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DOĞAN, Eşref, and Hasan ÇELİK. "HÛ ERENLER! HÂYYʼDAN GELDİK HÛʼYA GİDERİZ: ALEVÎ-BEKTÂŞÎ DEYİMLERİNİN TÜRK EDEBİYATINA YANSIMALARI." p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EKİNCİ, Mustafa. "ALEVİUGIN TEMEL KAYNAKLARINDAN BIRI OLAN BUYRUK'UN İMAN VE İSLAM ESASLARI AÇlSINDAN DEGERLENDIRILMESI." p. 19</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template talk:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Judaism" title="Angels in Judaism">Angels in<br />Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Presence" title="Angel of the Presence">Angel of the Presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroying_angel_(Bible)" title="Destroying angel (Bible)">Destroying Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arariel" title="Arariel">Arariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiel" title="Cassiel">Cassiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobiel" title="Dobiel">Dobiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisheth" title="Eisheth">Eisheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadraniel" title="Hadraniel">Hadraniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haniel" title="Haniel">Haniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Lailah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastema" title="Mastema">Mastema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuriel" title="Nuriel">Nuriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raziel" title="Raziel">Raziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaphkiel" title="Zaphkiel">Tzaphqiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoel" title="Yahoel">Yahoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_creatures_(Bible)" title="Living creatures (Bible)">Chayot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashmal" title="Hashmal">Hashmallim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishim_(angel)" title="Ishim (angel)">Ishim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_angel" title="Recording angel">Recording angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angels in<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Sariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raguel_(angel)" title="Raguel (angel)">Raguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiel" title="Ramiel">Ramiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaphiel" title="Selaphiel">Selaphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barachiel" title="Barachiel">Barachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegudiel" title="Jegudiel">Jegudiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Portugal" title="Angel of Portugal">Guardian Angel of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_(angel)" title="Phanuel (angel)">Phanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(angel)" title="Aker (angel)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabuthelon" title="Gabuthelon">Gabuthelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arphugitonos" title="Arphugitonos">Arphugitonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beburos" title="Beburos">Beburos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebuleon" title="Zebuleon">Zebuleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(angel)" title="Daniel (angel)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerubiel" title="Kerubiel">Kerubiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokabiel" title="Kokabiel">Kokabiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Leliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_(angel)" title="Muriel (angel)">Muriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahaliah" title="Pahaliah">Pahaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphiel" title="Seraphiel">Seraphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazaqiel" title="Chazaqiel">Chazaqiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Throne_(angel)" title="Throne (angel)">Thrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(angel)" title="Dominion (angel)">Dominions</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Lordships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Powers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Principalities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watchers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Angels in <br />Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Mikha'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Jibra'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azra'il</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">ar-Rūḥ</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazil" title="Azazil">ʿAzāzīl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiya%27il" title="Artiya'il">Artiya'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darda%27il" title="Darda'il">Darda'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalqa%27il" title="Kalqa'il">Kalqa'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futrus" title="Futrus">Futrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_(angel)" title="Habib (angel)">Ḥabīb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%E1%B8%8Dwan" title="Riḍwan">Riḍwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Mu'qarrabun</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyah" title="Zabaniyah">Angels of Hell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27aqqibat" title="Mu'aqqibat">Hafaza</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Recording angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81zi%27%C4%81t_and_N%C4%81shi%E1%B9%AD%C4%81t" title="Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt">Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras (angels) in <br />Mandaeism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Niṭufta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupna">Gupna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Moroni" title="Angel Moroni">Angel Moroni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">Hierarchy of angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">Heavenly host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">Fallen angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_Ars_Paulina" title="List of angels in Ars Paulina">List of angels in Ars Paulina</a></li> <li>Ambiguous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalkydri" title="Chalkydri">Chalkydri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioud" title="Elioud">Elioud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraphim" title="Teraphim">Teraphim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_art" title="Angels in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_fiction" title="List of angels in fiction">List of angels in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_angels" title="List of films about angels">List of films about angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaohs_in_the_Bible" title="Pharaohs in the Bible">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&oldid=1259157570">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angels_in_Islam&oldid=1259157570</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Angels_in_Islam" title="Category:Angels in Islam">Angels in Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ritual_purity_in_Islam" title="Category:Ritual purity in Islam">Ritual purity in Islam</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Indonesian-language_sources_(id)" title="Category:CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)">CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Punjabi-language_sources_(pa)" title="Category:CS1 Punjabi-language sources (pa)">CS1 Punjabi-language sources (pa)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text">Articles containing Turkish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 18:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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