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window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":63709576,"identifier":"Attachment_63709576","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":43409791,"created_at":"2020-06-22T15:22:47.826-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T01:57:53.774-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1628/978-3-16-159592-9","ai_abstract":"Reconstruction of the text of the Hebrew Bible presents challenges for philologists due to the complexities of Hebrew orthography and morphology. This study examines the orthography of plural nouns before suffixed pronouns in the Masoretic manuscripts, highlighting differing scholarly interpretations of the plene and defective forms. It argues that while philology provides valuable insights into textual variance, there are limitations in identifying original forms or authorial intent.","ai_title_tag":"Limitations of Philology in Hebrew Bible Texts","page_numbers":"45-69","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":"Philology and Textual Criticism. Proceedings of the Second International Colloquium of the Dominique Barthélemy Institute held at Fribourg on 10–11 October, 2013"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Considerations on What Philology Cannot Solve While Reconstructing the Text of the Hebrew Bible","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [923163]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":63709576,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Considerations on What Philology Cannot Solve While Reconstructing the Text of the Hebrew Bible”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/63709576/mini_magick20200622-19145-hdywv.png?1592864600" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Considerations on What Philology Cannot Solve While Reconstructing the Text of the Hebrew Bible</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="923163" href="https://hfjs.academia.edu/ViktorGolinets"><img alt="Profile image of Viktor Golinets" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/923163/345130/17010689/s65_viktor.golinets.jpg" />Viktor Golinets</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, Philology and Textual Criticism. Proceedings of the Second International Colloquium of the Dominique Barthélemy Institute held at Fribourg on 10–11 October, 2013</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-159592-9" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1628/978-3-16-159592-9</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">29 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 43409791; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=43409791"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Reconstruction of the text of the Hebrew Bible presents challenges for philologists due to the complexities of Hebrew orthography and morphology. This study examines the orthography of plural nouns before suffixed pronouns in the Masoretic manuscripts, highlighting differing scholarly interpretations of the plene and defective forms. It argues that while philology provides valuable insights into textual variance, there are limitations in identifying original forms or authorial intent.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":63709576,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43409791/Considerations_on_What_Philology_Cannot_Solve_While_Reconstructing_the_Text_of_the_Hebrew_Bible"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":63709576,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43409791/Considerations_on_What_Philology_Cannot_Solve_While_Reconstructing_the_Text_of_the_Hebrew_Bible"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="43409791" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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This new colloquial Hebrew morpheme has originated ex scripto.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Emergence of the Masculine Plural Construct Morpheme in Modern Hebrew, Hebrew Studies 59, 2018","attachmentId":57721494,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37727837/The_Emergence_of_the_Masculine_Plural_Construct_Morpheme_in_Modern_Hebrew_Hebrew_Studies_59_2018","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37727837/The_Emergence_of_the_Masculine_Plural_Construct_Morpheme_in_Modern_Hebrew_Hebrew_Studies_59_2018"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="36564607" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36564607/Addendum_to_Intermediate_Biblical_Hebrew_Grammar_May_1_2018">Addendum to Intermediate Biblical Hebrew Grammar, May 1, 2018</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="234754" href="https://yale.academia.edu/EricReymond">Eric Reymond</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Unbeknownst to me while writing my intermediate grammar, the scholar Benjamin D. 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Part 1, Introduction and Article","attachmentId":49963506,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29524432/The_Nominal_Phrase_in_Modern_Hebrew_Part_1_Introduction_and_Article","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29524432/The_Nominal_Phrase_in_Modern_Hebrew_Part_1_Introduction_and_Article"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="91831911" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91831911/Modern_Hebrew_Structure">Modern Hebrew Structure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37697075" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/RuthBerman">Ruth A . Berman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Language, 1982</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Preface ix Notes on Transcription 8c Notation xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Descriptive Framework 4 Notes 6 CHAPTER TWO: SOME ASPECTS OF MODERN HEBREW PHONOLOGY by Shmuel Bolozky 2.0 Introduction 11 2.1 Voicing Assimilation: A Phonetically Conditioned Alternation 16 2.2 Some Morphologically, Categorially, and Lexically Restricted Alternations 16 2.2.1 Alternations confined to specific morphemes 17 2.2.2 Minor rules within a particular class of morphemes 17 2.2.3 More productive rules confined to a few classes of morphemes 19 2.2.4 Stem-final vowel lowering: a surface generalization in the verb system 23 2.2.5 Alternations confined to the verb system 26 2.2.6 Alternations confined to non-verbal forms: the case of a-deletion 29 2.2.7 Spirantization in Modern Hebrew 33 2.3 Phonetic Constraints and Related Rules 2.3.1 The class of low "gutturals" 2.3.2 The class of so no rant consonants 45 2.3.3 Consonant gemination 48 2.4 Assignment of Word-Stress 2.4.1 Stress in the "segolate" class of nouns 51 2.4.2 Verb stress 2.4.3 Influence of Yiddish stress 2.4.4 Variation in child speech 2.4.5 Stress in borrowed nouns and adjectives 61 Notes 64</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modern Hebrew Structure","attachmentId":95062742,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91831911/Modern_Hebrew_Structure","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91831911/Modern_Hebrew_Structure"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="47089106" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47089106/The_Linguistic_Profile_of_V">The Linguistic Profile of V</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14496" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/NaamaPatEl">Na'ama Pat-El</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24895995" href="https://monash.academia.edu/IdanDershowitz">Idan Dershowitz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Valediction of Moses. A Proto-Biblical Book, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Linguistic Profile of V","attachmentId":66368315,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47089106/The_Linguistic_Profile_of_V","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47089106/The_Linguistic_Profile_of_V"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="13244716" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13244716/The_Morphology_and_the_meaning_of_the_word_%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%93">The Morphology and the meaning of the word ידיד</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2224143" href="https://huji.academia.edu/MosheBarAsher">Moshe Bar-Asher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">in Studies in Classical Hebrew , 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Morphology and the meaning of the word ידיד","attachmentId":37993075,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13244716/The_Morphology_and_the_meaning_of_the_word_%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%93","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13244716/The_Morphology_and_the_meaning_of_the_word_%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%93"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="19183238" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19183238/The_importance_of_word_order_for_the_Biblical_Hebrew_Verbal_System_Paper_read_at_SBL_Annual_Meeting_Atlanta_November_21_24_2015_Atlanta">The importance of word order for the Biblical Hebrew Verbal System. Paper read at SBL Annual Meeting Atlanta, November 21-24, 2015 Atlanta</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1228028" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/BOIsaksson">BO Isaksson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The classical Hebrew verbal system represents one of the greatest problems of Semitic linguistics. The grammatical understanding of the Hebrew Bible tradition texts was forgotten already in the Middle Ages. Since then the biblical Hebrew verbal conjugations have remained a mystery (McFall 1982, 16). The theory that emerged among Jewish scholars was that the conjunc-tion we put before a finite verb had a ‘conversive’ function and thereby could transform this verbal form into another tense form. The verb for past tense, qatal, acquired with a prefixed we meanings that reminded of the senses of the other finite tense form (yiqtol). By analogy the con-junction wa (allomorph of we) was considered ‘converting’ yiqtol into a narrative past tense (wa-yiqtol). This “conversive theory” has been enormously influential on the sub-sequent scholarly discussion on the Hebrew verbal system and still dom-inates the text books on Biblical Hebrew. But seen in the perspective of the close relatives of Hebrew in Central Semitic and the second millennium Amarna Canaanite (Rainey 1996), we would rather expect Biblical Hebrew to behave as one of several first millennium daughter languages of early Canaanite. We would ex-pect that Biblical Hebrew had three basic finite verb forms (not four), two with prefixed inflection (short and long yiqtol) and one with suf-fixed inflection (qatal). Utterly few scholars have dared to maintain this concerning Biblical Hebrew (among the few are Tropper 1988; Van de Sandhe 2008; cf. Huehnergard 2005, 165). In the period between the Amarna age, and before the Old testament texts were created, there occurred in Proto-Hebrew and its Canaanite sister languages a phonological change that resulted in the loss of short final vowels. This in turn resulted in a subsequent morphological merger of the short and long prefix conjugations. The types yaqtul and yaqtulu both became yaqtul. This change occurred in all adjacent Northwest Semitic languages, Aramaic, Phoenician, Hebrew; but not, as far as we can understand in the earlier Ugaritic. The individual Northwest Semitic languages had to cope with this merger. The strategy that the speakers of Proto-Hebrew developed to retain the distinction between short form and long form was a limitation of word order. While word order in Amarna Canaanite was relatively free, Biblical Hebrew (even in the archaic poetry) relegated the short yiqtol to first position in the clause, whereas the long yiqtol was used in other positions (such as after a negation, or after a topicalized first ele-ment). Few Hebrew scholars have understood this restriction of word order in the light of a morphological merger (one of the few is Gzella 2011, 442; 2012, 101), and no one has tried to explain how the three basic conjugations of the Hebrew verbal system works in the light of this in-sight. It is the aim of the present paper to show how this word order con-straint worked to uphold the distinction between the short and the long yiqtol in Biblical Hebrew. The corpus consists of Genesis and Exodus and the so-called archaic poetry of the Hebrew Bible.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The importance of word order for the Biblical Hebrew Verbal System. Paper read at SBL Annual Meeting Atlanta, November 21-24, 2015 Atlanta","attachmentId":40476971,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19183238/The_importance_of_word_order_for_the_Biblical_Hebrew_Verbal_System_Paper_read_at_SBL_Annual_Meeting_Atlanta_November_21_24_2015_Atlanta","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19183238/The_importance_of_word_order_for_the_Biblical_Hebrew_Verbal_System_Paper_read_at_SBL_Annual_Meeting_Atlanta_November_21_24_2015_Atlanta"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="6332907" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6332907/Zewi_Tamar_2013_Syntax_Biblical_Hebrew_In_Khan_G_ed_Encyclopedia_of_Hebrew_Language_and_Linguistics_III_Leiden_Brill_688_699">Zewi, Tamar. 2013. “Syntax, Biblical Hebrew.” In: Khan, G. ed. Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics III. Leiden: Brill: 688-699.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9672986" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/TamarZewi">Tamar Zewi תמר צבי</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zewi, Tamar. 2013. “Syntax, Biblical Hebrew.” In: Khan, G. ed. Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics III. Leiden: Brill: 688-699.","attachmentId":33163682,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6332907/Zewi_Tamar_2013_Syntax_Biblical_Hebrew_In_Khan_G_ed_Encyclopedia_of_Hebrew_Language_and_Linguistics_III_Leiden_Brill_688_699","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6332907/Zewi_Tamar_2013_Syntax_Biblical_Hebrew_In_Khan_G_ed_Encyclopedia_of_Hebrew_Language_and_Linguistics_III_Leiden_Brill_688_699"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="29064208" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29064208/82_Interchanges_of_Consonants_between_the_Masoretic_Text_and_the_Vorlage_of_the_Septuagint_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_301_11">82*. “Interchanges of Consonants between the Masoretic Text and the Vorlage of the Septuagint,” Revised version: Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible (1999), 301–11.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39991070" href="https://huji.academia.edu/EmanuelTov">Emanuel Tov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"82*. “Interchanges of Consonants between the Masoretic Text and the Vorlage of the Septuagint,” Revised version: Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible (1999), 301–11.","attachmentId":49519548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29064208/82_Interchanges_of_Consonants_between_the_Masoretic_Text_and_the_Vorlage_of_the_Septuagint_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_301_11","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29064208/82_Interchanges_of_Consonants_between_the_Masoretic_Text_and_the_Vorlage_of_the_Septuagint_Revised_version_Emanuel_Tov_The_Greek_and_Hebrew_Bible_1999_301_11"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1197551" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1197551/_The_grammaticalization_of_bipartite_reciprocal_markers_in_Hebrew_Hebrew_Studies_52_2011_">"The grammaticalization of bipartite reciprocal markers in Hebrew". Hebrew Studies 52 (2011)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="203379" href="https://huji.academia.edu/rivkahalevy">Rivka Halevy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Grammaticalization is generally viewed as a diachronic process of: lexical > grammatical and grammatical > more grammatical. This paper deals with the grammaticalization of bipartite reciprocal markers in Hebrew as a striking example of a process whereby lexically meaningful morphemes are gradually emptied of their content and become "function" elements (i.e., reciprocal pro-Nouns), forming an evolutional continuum from a less grammaticalized (i.e., less fossilized) category into a more grammaticalized one (i.e., that of bipartite reciprocal markers). It is argued here that Hebrew is notable in that its bipartite reciprocal markers demonstrate a less advanced stage of grammaticalization than their counterparts in many languages worldwide.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"The grammaticalization of bipartite reciprocal markers in Hebrew\". Hebrew Studies 52 (2011)","attachmentId":7426797,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1197551/_The_grammaticalization_of_bipartite_reciprocal_markers_in_Hebrew_Hebrew_Studies_52_2011_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1197551/_The_grammaticalization_of_bipartite_reciprocal_markers_in_Hebrew_Hebrew_Studies_52_2011_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":63709576,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":63709576,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_63709576" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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