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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-Columbian era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 European colonization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ephemeral_independence_and_Haitian_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ephemeral_independence_and_Haitian_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Ephemeral independence and Haitian occupation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ephemeral_independence_and_Haitian_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Republic_(1844–1861)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Republic_(1844–1861)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 First Republic (1844–1861) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Republic_(1844–1861)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restoration_republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restoration_republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Restoration republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restoration_republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_(1900–1930)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_(1900–1930)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 20th century (1900–1930) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_(1900–1930)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trujillo_Era_(1930–1961)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trujillo_Era_(1930–1961)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Trujillo Era (1930–1961) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trujillo_Era_(1930–1961)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Trujillo_(1961–1996)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Trujillo_(1961–1996)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Post-Trujillo (1961–1996) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Trujillo_(1961–1996)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 1996–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Currency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Bus services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Santo_Domingo_Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Santo_Domingo_Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Santo Domingo Metro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Santo_Domingo_Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Communications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Electricity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Population centres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Ethnic groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_in_the_20th_and_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_in_the_20th_and_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Immigration in the 20th and 21st centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_in_the_20th_and_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haitian_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haitian_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.1 Haitian immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haitian_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Emigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Music and dance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 National symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dominican Republic</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 222 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-222" aria-hidden="true" > 222 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaanse_Republiek" title="Dominikaanse Republiek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dominikaanse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanische_Republik" title="Dominikanische Republik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dominikanische Republik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B6%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%92%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD" title="ዶሚኒካን ሪፐብሊክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዶሚኒካን ሪፐብሊክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaanis%C3%A2%C5%A1_t%C3%A4siv%C3%A4ldi" title="Dominikaanisâš täsiväldi – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Dominikaanisâš täsiväldi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="डोमिनिकन गणराज्य – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="डोमिनिकन गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicanisce_Cynewise" title="Dominicanisce Cynewise – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Dominicanisce Cynewise" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминиканатәи Ареспублика – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Доминиканатәи Ареспублика" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جمهورية الدومينيكان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية الدومينيكان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominicana" title="Republica Dominicana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominican%C3%A3" title="Republica Dominicanã – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Republica Dominicanã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8publica_domeniqu%C3%AAna" title="Rèpublica domeniquêna – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rèpublica domeniquêna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" title="República Dominicana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavakuairet%C3%A3_Ndominikagua" title="Tavakuairetã Ndominikagua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavakuairetã Ndominikagua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Duminikana" title="Republika Duminikana – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Republika Duminikana" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikan_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Dominikan Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dominikan Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دومینیکن جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دومینیکن جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Dominika" title="Républik Dominika – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Républik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="ডোমিনিকান প্রজাতন্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডোমিনিকান প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Dominica Kiōng-hô-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dominica Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Dominika" title="Republik Dominika – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Republik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Доминика Республикаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Доминика Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дамініканская Рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дамініканская Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дамініканская Рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дамініканская Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="डोमिनिकन रिपब्लिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डोमिनिकन रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanang_Republika" title="Dominikanang Republika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dominikanang Republika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikan_Ripablik" title="Dominikan Ripablik – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Dominikan Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминиканска република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Доминиканска република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanische_Republik" title="Dominikanische Republik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dominikanische Republik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཌོ་མི་ནི་ཀན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཌོ་མི་ནི་ཀན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanska_Republika" title="Dominikanska Republika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dominikanska Republika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Dominikan" title="Republik Dominikan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Dominikan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Доминикана Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Доминикана Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" title="República Dominicana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanhong_Republika" title="Dominikanhong Republika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dominikanhong Republika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Dominikánská republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dominikánská republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" title="República Dominicana – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="República Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9blica_Duminicana" title="Ripùblica Duminicana – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ripùblica Duminicana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Dominica" title="Gweriniaeth Dominica – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth Dominica" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanske_Republik" title="Dominikanske Republik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dominikanske Republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لجمهورية د الدومينيكان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لجمهورية د الدومينيكان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik%C3%A1na_d%C3%A1ssev%C3%A1ldi" title="Dominikána dásseváldi – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Dominikána dásseváldi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanische_Republik" title="Dominikanische Republik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dominikanische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%91%DE%AE%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%80%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ޑޮމިނިކަން ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޑޮމިނިކަން ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominika%C5%84ska_republika" title="Dominikańska republika – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Dominikańska republika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="डोमिनिकन गणतन्त्र – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="डोमिनिकन गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaani_Vabariik" title="Dominikaani Vabariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dominikaani Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δομινικανή Δημοκρατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δομινικανή Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Доминиканонь Республикась – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Доминиканонь Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" title="República Dominicana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominika_Respubliko" title="Dominika Respubliko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dominika Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAbrica_Dominicana" title="Repúbrica Dominicana – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Repúbrica Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikar_Errepublika" title="Dominikar Errepublika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dominikar Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="جمهوری دومینیکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری دومینیکن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanal%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Dominikanalýðveldið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Dominikanalýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine" title="République dominicaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République dominicaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaanske_Republyk" title="Dominikaanske Republyk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dominikaanske Republyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndenndaandi_Dominikaana%E2%80%99en" title="Ndenndaandi Dominikaana’en – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ndenndaandi Dominikaana’en" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phoblacht_Dhoiminiceach" title="An Phoblacht Dhoiminiceach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Phoblacht Dhoiminiceach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Phobblaght_Ghominicagh" title="Yn Phobblaght Ghominicagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Phobblaght Ghominicagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikan_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Dominikan Respublikası – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Dominikan Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblachd_Dhoiminicia" title="Poblachd Dhoiminicia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poblachd Dhoiminicia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" title="República Dominicana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="डोमिनिकन गणराज्य – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="डोमिनिकन गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Dominica Khiung-fò-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Dominica Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="도미니카 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도미니카 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuriyar_Dominika" title="Jamhuriyar Dominika – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jamhuriyar Dominika" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Դոմինիկյան Հանրապետություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոմինիկյան Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="दोमिनिकन गणराज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दोमिनिकन गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanska_republika" title="Dominikanska republika – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Dominikanska republika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanska_Republika" title="Dominikanska Republika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dominikanska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikana_Republiko" title="Dominikana Republiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dominikana Republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_a_Dominikano" title="Republika a Dominikano – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika a Dominikano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="ডোমিনিকান প্রজাতন্ত্র – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ডোমিনিকান প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Dominika" title="Republik Dominika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominican" title="Republica Dominican – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica Dominican" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominican" title="Republica Dominican – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Republica Dominican" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Доминиканæйы Республикæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Доминиканæйы Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3min%C3%ADska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Dóminíska lýðveldið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dóminíska lýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Dominicana" title="Repubblica Dominicana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה הדומיניקנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הדומיניקנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Dominika" title="Républik Dominika – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tominiika" title="Tominiika – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tominiika" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಡೊಮಿನಿಕ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡೊಮಿನಿಕ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Dominik%C3%A1nu" title="Republikang Dominikánu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Republikang Dominikánu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="დომინიკელთა რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დომინიკელთა რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Доминикан Республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Доминикан Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblek_Dhominikanek" title="Repoblek Dhominikanek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Repoblek Dhominikanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubulika_ya_Dominikani" title="Repubulika ya Dominikani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Repubulika ya Dominikani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Dominika" title="Jamhuri ya Dominika – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri ya Dominika" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминикан Республика – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Доминикан Республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikana" title="Dominikana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Dominikana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikani" title="Dominikani – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dominikani" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9piblik_dominikenn" title="Répiblik dominikenn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Répiblik dominikenn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komara_Dom%C3%AEn%C3%AEk" title="Komara Domînîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Komara Domînîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Доминикана Республикасы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Доминикана Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominicana" title="Republica Dominicana – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Dominikana" title="Repuvlika Dominikana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Dominikana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ສາທາລະນະລັດໂດມິນິກັນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາທາລະນະລັດໂດມິນິກັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_Dominiciana" title="Res publica Dominiciana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica Dominiciana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik%C4%81na" title="Dominikāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dominikāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanesch_Republik" title="Dominikanesch Republik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dominikanesch Republik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikos_Respublika" title="Dominikos Respublika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dominikos Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbrica_Dominicann-a" title="Repubbrica Dominicann-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Repubbrica Dominicann-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicaanse_Rippubliek" title="Dominicaanse Rippubliek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dominicaanse Rippubliek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republ%C3%ADki_Dominikani" title="Republíki Dominikani – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Republíki Dominikani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominican" title="Republica Dominican – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Republica Dominican" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanan_Tazavaldu" title="Dominikanan Tazavaldu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Dominikanan Tazavaldu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BCbliga_Dominicana" title="Repübliga Dominicana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Repübliga Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikai_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Dominikai Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dominikai Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Dominika" title="Republik Dominika – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Republik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминиканска Република – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Доминиканска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblika_D%C3%B4minikana" title="Repoblika Dôminikana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblika Dôminikana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡൊമനിക്കൻ റിപ്പബ്ലിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡൊമനിക്കൻ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblika_Dominikana" title="Repubblika Dominikana – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Repubblika Dominikana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Whenua_Tominika" title="Te Whenua Tominika – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Te Whenua Tominika" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="डॉमिनिकन प्रजासत्ताक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डॉमिनिकन प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="დომინიკარეფიშ რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დომინიკარეფიშ რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جمهورية الدومينيكان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمهورية الدومينيكان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="دومینیکن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دومینیکن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Dominika" title="Republik Dominika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Dominika" title="Republik Dominika – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Republik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_G%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3ng-hu%C3%B2-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dominica Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dominica Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Domenicana" title="República Domenicana – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="República Domenicana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Доминиканонь Республикась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Доминиканонь Республикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Доминикан Улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүгд Найрамдах Доминикан Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဒိုမီနီကန်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒိုမီနီကန်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicaanse_Republiek" title="Dominicaanse Republiek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dominicaanse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaanse_Reppubliek" title="Dominikaanse Reppubliek – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dominikaanse Reppubliek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="डोमिनिकन गणतन्त्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डोमिनिकन गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="डोमिनिकन गणतन्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="डोमिनिकन गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ドミニカ共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドミニカ共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминикин Республика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Доминикин Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaans_Republiik" title="Dominikaans Republiik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Dominikaans Republiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikan_Repablik" title="Dominikan Repablik – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Dominikan Repablik" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_dominikanske_republikk" title="Den dominikanske republikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den dominikanske republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_dominikanske_republikken" title="Den dominikanske republikken – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den dominikanske republikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikal_Republike" title="Dominikal Republike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Dominikal Republike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominicana" title="Republica Dominicana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Доминикан Республик – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Доминикан Республик" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippabiliika_Dominiikaan" title="Rippabiliika Dominiikaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Rippabiliika Dominiikaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikana_Respublikasi" title="Dominikana Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dominikana Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਦੋਮੀਨੀਕਾਨਾ ਗਣਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੋਮੀਨੀਕਾਨਾ ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="डोमोनिकन रिपब्लिक – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="डोमोनिकन रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_na_Dominikana" title="Republika na Dominikana – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Republika na Dominikana" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Dominica" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="ڈومینیکن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈومینیکن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Dominikano" title="Republika Dominikano – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Republika Dominikano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="دومنيکا جمهوريت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دومنيکا جمهوريت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daminikan_Ripoblik" title="Daminikan Ripoblik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Daminikan Ripoblik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publike_donminicaine" title="Républike donminicaine – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Républike donminicaine" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Duminican-a" title="Repùblica Duminican-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica Duminican-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaansche_Republiek" title="Dominikaansche Republiek – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dominikaansche Republiek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikana" title="Dominikana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dominikana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" title="República Dominicana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikana" title="Dominikana – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Dominikana" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikan_Cumhuriyeti" title="Dominikan Cumhuriyeti – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dominikan Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Dominican%C4%83" title="Republica Dominicană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Dominicană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuminikana" title="Thuminikana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thuminikana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминиканска република – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Доминиканска република" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминиканская Республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Доминиканская Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Доминика Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Доминика Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_republic" title="Dominican republic – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Dominican republic" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="डोमोनिकन रिपब्लिक – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="डोमोनिकन रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Dominicana" title="Repùblica Dominicana – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùblica Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Dominikane" title="Republika Dominikane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Dominikane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bbrica_Duminicana" title="Ripùbbrica Duminicana – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbbrica Duminicana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dominican Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AA" title="ڊومينيڪن ريپبلڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊومينيڪن ريپبلڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibuse_weDomonokha" title="Tibuse weDomonokha – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Tibuse weDomonokha" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik%C3%A1nska_republika" title="Dominikánska republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dominikánska republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanska_republika" title="Dominikanska republika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dominikanska republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%AFmi%C5%84ikana" title="Důmińikana – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Důmińikana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuuriyadda_Dominika" title="Jamhuuriyadda Dominika – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jamhuuriyadda Dominika" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کۆماری دۆمینیکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری دۆمینیکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминиканска Република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Доминиканска Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanska_Republika" title="Dominikanska Republika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dominikanska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Dominika" title="Républik Dominika – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Républik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaaninen_tasavalta" title="Dominikaaninen tasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dominikaaninen tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanska_republiken" title="Dominikanska republiken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dominikanska republiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Dominikano" title="Republikang Dominikano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Dominikano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டொமினிக்கன் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagduda_n_Duminik" title="Tagduda n Duminik – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagduda n Duminik" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Доминикан Җөмһүрияте – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Доминикан Җөмһүрияте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတူဝ်ႇမီႇၼီႇၵၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတူဝ်ႇမီႇၼီႇၵၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="డొమినిక గణతంత్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డొమినిక గణతంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika_Dominikana" title="Repúblika Dominikana – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Repúblika Dominikana" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҷумҳурии Доминикан – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Доминикан" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepupelika_Tominika" title="Lepupelika Tominika – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lepupelika Tominika" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%99%E1%8E%BB%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%82_%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏙᎻᏂᎧᏂ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏙᎻᏂᎧᏂ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Cumhuriyeti" title="Dominik Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dominik Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Доминикан Республика – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Доминикан Республика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Домініканська Республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Домініканська Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86" title="جمہوریہ ڈومینیکن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمہوریہ ڈومینیکن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%89" title="دومىنىكان جۇمھۇرىيەتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دومىنىكان جۇمھۇرىيەتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica_Gunghozgoz" title="Dominica Gunghozgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dominica Gunghozgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_Dominicana" title="Repùblega Dominicana – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikanine_Tazovaldkund" title="Dominikanine Tazovaldkund – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Dominikanine Tazovaldkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Dominica" title="Cộng hòa Dominica – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Dominica" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandomin%C3%A4n" title="Sandominän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sandominän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikaani_Vabariik" title="Dominikaani Vabariik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Dominikaani Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多明尼加 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="多明尼加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Dominicana" title="Republika Dominicana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Republika Dominicana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ewum_Dominik" title="Réewum Dominik – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Dominik" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多米尼加 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="多米尼加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7" title="דאמיניקאנישע רעפובליק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאמיניקאנישע רעפובליק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80%C3%B2m%C3%ACnira_D%C3%B3m%C3%ADn%C3%ADk%C3%AC" title="Orílẹ̀òmìnira Dómíníkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀òmìnira Dómíníkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多明尼加 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="多明尼加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_Dominika" title="Cumhuriyetê Dominika – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê Dominika" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominicaonse_Rippebliek" title="Dominicaonse Rippebliek – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Dominicaonse Rippebliek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duom%C4%97n%C4%97kas_Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Duomėnėkas Respoblėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Duomėnėkas Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多明尼加 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多明尼加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiblik_Dominika" title="Kiblik Dominika – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kiblik Dominika" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominikan_Respublika" title="Dominikan Respublika – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Dominikan Respublika" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Dominican_Republic&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominican Republic">The Dominican Republic</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in the Caribbean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote 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For the airline, see <a href="/wiki/Dominicana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Dominicana de Aviación">Dominicana de Aviación</a>. 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Dominican Republic</div><div class="ib-country-names">República Dominicana (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Dominican Republic"><img alt="Flag of the Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Flag of the Dominican Republic">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="336" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "Dios, Patria, Libertad" (Spanish) "God, Homeland, Freedom"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="National Anthem of the Dominican Republic">Quisqueyanos valientes</a> Valiant Quisqueyans <div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="97" data-mwtitle="Dominican_Republic_National_Anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Dominican_Republic_National_Anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Dominican_Republic_National_Anthem.ogg/Dominican_Republic_National_Anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ADominican_Republic_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ADominican_Republic_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ADominican_Republic_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican_Republic_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Dominican Republic"><img alt="Location of the Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dominican_Republic_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Dominican_Republic_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dominican_Republic_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Dominican_Republic_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Dominican_Republic_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Dominican_Republic_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dominican_Republic&params=19_00_N_70_40_W_type:city">19°00′N 70°40′W / 19.000°N 70.667°W / 19.000; -70.667</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Spanish" title="Dominican Spanish">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other spoken languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Languages">See below</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>71.72% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Dominicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed Dominicans">Mixed</a></li><li>18.70% <a href="/wiki/White_Dominicans" title="White Dominicans">White</a></li><li>7.45% <a href="/wiki/Afro-Dominicans" title="Afro-Dominicans">Black</a></li><li>0.33% <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a></li><li>0.37% Other</li><li>1.43% No answer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-:usirf-2">[2]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>74.6% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>52.5% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic">Catholicism</a></li> <li>21.0% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li>1.1% other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>22.0% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Latin_America" title="Irreligion in Latin America">no religion</a></li><li>1.4% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">other</a></li><li>2.0% unspecified</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the Dominican Republic">Dominican</a> Quisqueyan (colloquial)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Politics of the Dominican Republic">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a><a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Vice President of the Dominican Republic">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Pe%C3%B1a_de_Antu%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Raquel Peña de Antuña">Raquel Peña</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic">Chamber of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Dominican Republic">Formation</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Spanish_Haiti" title="Republic of Spanish Haiti">Ephemeral Independence</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1821–1822</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Republic (Dominican Republic)">First Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1844–1861<a href="#cite_note-MoyaPons-18AGO1863-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Second_Republic_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Republic (Dominican Republic)">Second Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1865–1916<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Third_Republic_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Republic (Dominican Republic)">Third Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1924–1965<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Fourth Republic </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1966–present<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Geography of the Dominican Republic">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">48,671 km2 (18,792 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">128th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.7<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Demographics of the Dominican Republic">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 11,434,005<a href="#cite_note-Dominican_Republic_Macrotrends-10">[10]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">88th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">220/km2 (569.8/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">65th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $312.565 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.DO-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">64th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $28,950<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.DO-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">67th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $126.238 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.DO-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">64th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $11,692<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.DO-11">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">74th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 37<a href="#cite_note-WBgini-12">[12]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.766<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-13">[13]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">82nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_peso" title="Dominican peso">Dominican peso</a><a href="#cite_note-embassy-14">[14]</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">DOP</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>  – 4:00<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> (Atlantic Standard Time)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic">+1-809, +1-829, +1-849</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:DO" title="ISO 3166-2:DO">DO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.do" title=".do">.do</a><a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn">Sources for area, capital, coat of arms, coordinates, flag, language, motto and names: <a href="#cite_note-embassy-14">[14]</a> For an alternate area figure of 48,730 km2 (18,810 sq mi), calling code 809 and Internet TLD: <a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Dominican Republic<a href="#cite_note-15">[a]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> country located on the island of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>. It shares a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> to the east and a <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Haiti_border" title="Dominican Republic–Haiti border">land border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> to the west, occupying the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Geography of the Dominican Republic">eastern five-eighths</a> of Hispaniola which, along with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_(island)" title="Saint Martin (island)">Saint Martin</a>, is one of only two islands in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> shared by two <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a>, the country is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands_by_area" title="List of Caribbean islands by area">second-largest</a> nation by area after <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> at 48,671 square kilometers (18,792 sq mi) and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population" title="List of Caribbean countries by population">second-largest</a> by population after Haiti with approximately 11.4 million people in 2024, of whom 3.6 million reside in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Santo_Domingo" title="Greater Santo Domingo">metropolitan area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, the capital city.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-conapofa-19">[18]</a> The native <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> people had inhabited Hispaniola prior to <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European contact</a>, dividing it into <a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">five chiefdoms</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> claimed the island for <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>, landing there on his <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus#First_voyage" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">first voyage in 1492</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">colony of Santo Domingo</a> became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which became the independent <a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First Empire of Haiti</a> in 1804. A group of Dominicans deposed the Spanish governor and declared independence from Spain in November 1821, but were annexed by Haiti in February 1822. Independence came 22 years later in 1844, after victory in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_War_of_Independence" title="Dominican War of Independence">Dominican War of Independence</a>. The next 72 years saw several civil wars, failed invasions by Haiti, and a brief return to Spanish colonial status, before permanently ousting the Spanish during the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Restoration_War" title="Dominican Restoration War">Dominican Restoration War</a> of 1863–1865.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> From 1930, the dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a> ruled until his assassination in 1961. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Juan Bosch (politician)">Juan Bosch</a> was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a <a href="/wiki/1963_Dominican_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Dominican coup d'état">military coup in 1963</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Civil War of 1965">Dominican Civil War of 1965</a> preceded the authoritarian rule of <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Joaquín Balaguer</a> (1966–1978 and 1986–1996). Since 1978, the Dominican Republic has moved towards <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>. The Dominican Republic has the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Economy of the Dominican Republic">largest economy</a> in the Caribbean and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Latin American and Caribbean countries by GDP (PPP)">seventh-largest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gdp_rank-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldbank.org-24">[23]</a> Over the last 25 years, the Dominican Republic has had the fastest-growing economy in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> – with an average <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_GDP_growth_rate" title="List of countries by real GDP growth rate">real GDP growth rate</a> of 5.3% between 1992 and 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:0-25">[24]</a> GDP growth in 2014 and 2015 reached 7.3 and 7.0%, respectively, the highest in the Western Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-:0-25">[24]</a> Recent growth has been driven by construction, manufacturing, tourism, and mining. The country is the site of the third largest (in terms of production) <a href="/wiki/Gold_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold mine">gold mine</a> in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Viejo_mine" title="Pueblo Viejo mine">Pueblo Viejo mine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-investingnews.com-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-lawrieongold.com-27">[26]</a> The Dominican Republic is the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings" title="World Tourism rankings">most visited destination</a> in the Caribbean.<a href="#cite_note-WTO_Tourism_Highlights_2018_Edition-28">[27]</a> A geographically diverse nation, the Dominican Republic is home to both the Caribbean's tallest mountain peak, <a href="/wiki/Pico_Duarte" title="Pico Duarte">Pico Duarte</a>, and the Caribbean's largest lake and lowest point, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Enriquillo" title="Lake Enriquillo">Lake Enriquillo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baker_2008_190-29">[28]</a> The island has an average temperature of 26 °C (78.8 °F) and great climatic and biological diversity.<a href="#cite_note-consulate-30">[29]</a> The country is also the site of the first <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Cathedral of Santo Domingo">cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Col%C3%B3n" title="Alcázar de Colón">castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_San_Francisco,_Santo_Domingo" title="Monastery of San Francisco, Santo Domingo">monastery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_Ozama" title="Fortaleza Ozama">fortress</a> built in the Americas, located in Santo Domingo's <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)" title="Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)">Colonial Zone</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Colonial_City_of_Santo_Domingo-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-unesco.org-32">[31]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The name Dominican originates from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> the patron saint of <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomers</a>, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican Order</a>. The Dominican Order established what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Aquino" title="Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino">Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo</a>, the first university in the New World.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> For most of its history, up until independence, the colony was known simply as Santo Domingo<a href="#cite_note-firstcolony-35">[34]</a> and continued to be commonly known as such in English until the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The residents were called "Dominicans" (Dominicanos), the adjectival form of "Domingo", and as such, the revolutionaries named their newly independent country the "Dominican Republic" (la República Dominicana). In the <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="National Anthem of the Dominican Republic">national anthem of the Dominican Republic</a> (himno nacional de la República Dominicana), the poetic term "Quisqueyans" (Quisqueyanos) is used instead of "Dominicans". The word "Quisqueya" derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_language" title="Taíno language">Taíno language</a>, and means "mother of the lands". It is often used in songs as another name for the country. The name of the country in English is often shortened to "the D.R." (la R.D.), but this is rare in Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-Kraft-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Dominican Republic">History of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian_era">Pre-Columbian era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">Chiefdoms of Hispaniola</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Copia_de_Cacicazgos_de_la_Hispaniola.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Copia_de_Cacicazgos_de_la_Hispaniola.png/220px-Copia_de_Cacicazgos_de_la_Hispaniola.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Copia_de_Cacicazgos_de_la_Hispaniola.png/330px-Copia_de_Cacicazgos_de_la_Hispaniola.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Copia_de_Cacicazgos_de_la_Hispaniola.png/440px-Copia_de_Cacicazgos_de_la_Hispaniola.png 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="1171" /></a><figcaption>The five caciquedoms of Hispaniola</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:257px;max-width:257px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pictografia_igneri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pictografia_igneri.jpg/90px-Pictografia_igneri.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pictografia_igneri.jpg/135px-Pictografia_igneri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pictografia_igneri.jpg/180px-Pictografia_igneri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg/159px-Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg/239px-Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg/318px-Ta%C3%ADno_pictographs_Cuevas_de_las_Maravillas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:255px;max-width:255px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:168px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:LosTresOjos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/LosTresOjos.JPG/253px-LosTresOjos.JPG" decoding="async" width="253" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/LosTresOjos.JPG/380px-LosTresOjos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/LosTresOjos.JPG/506px-LosTresOjos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Pomier_Caves" title="Pomier Caves">Pomier Caves</a> are a series of 55 caves located north of San Cristóbal. They contain the largest collection of 2,000-year-old rock art in the Caribbean.</div></div></div></div> The islands of the Caribbean were first settled around 6,000 years ago by hunter-gatherer peoples originating from Central America or northern South America. The <a href="/wiki/Arawakan_languages" title="Arawakan languages">Arawakan-speaking</a> ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> moved into the Caribbean from South America during the 1st millennium BC, reaching Hispaniola by around 600 AD.<a href="#cite_note-:13-38">[37]</a> These Arawakan peoples engaged in farming, fishing,<a href="#cite_note-Encarta-39">[38]</a> hunting and gathering,<a href="#cite_note-LunaC-40">[39]</a> and the widespread production of <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> goods.<a href="#cite_note-:13-38">[37]</a> The estimates of Hispaniola's population in 1492 vary widely, ranging from tens of thousands<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> to 2,000,000.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> By 1492, the island was divided into five Taíno chiefdoms.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The Taíno name for the entire island was either Ayiti or Quisqueya.<a href="#cite_note-anghiera-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_colonization">European colonization</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> arrived on the island on December 5, 1492, during the first of his <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">four voyages</a> to the Americas. He claimed the land for Spain and named it La Española, due to its diverse climate and terrain, which reminded him of the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> landscape.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> In 1496, <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Columbus" title="Bartholomew Columbus">Bartholomew Columbus</a>, Christopher's brother, built the city of <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)" title="Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)">Santo Domingo</a>, Western Europe's first permanent settlement in the "<a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>". The Spaniards created a <a href="/wiki/Plantation_economy" title="Plantation economy">plantation economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-transat-47">[46]</a> Initially, after friendly relationships, the Taínos resisted the conquest, led by female Chief <a href="/wiki/Anacaona" title="Anacaona">Anacaona</a> of Xaragua and her ex-husband Chief <a href="/wiki/Caonabo" title="Caonabo">Caonabo</a> of Maguana, as well as Chiefs <a href="/wiki/Guacanagar%C3%ADx" title="Guacanagaríx">Guacanagaríx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam%C3%A1" title="Guamá">Guamá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hatuey" title="Hatuey">Hatuey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Enriquillo" title="Enriquillo">Enriquillo</a>. The latter's successes gained his people an autonomous enclave on the island. Within a few years after 1492, the population of Taínos had declined drastically, due to <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> measles, and other diseases that arrived with the Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-history-49">[48]</a> African slaves were imported to replace the dwindling Taínos. The last record of pure Taínos in the country was from 1864. Still, Taíno biological heritage survived, due to intermixing. Census records from 1514 reveal that 40% of Spanish men in Santo Domingo were married to Taíno women,<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> and some present-day Dominicans have Taíno ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-Guitar-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Martinez-52">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Aranjuez_English.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Treaty_of_Aranjuez_English.svg/220px-Treaty_of_Aranjuez_English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Treaty_of_Aranjuez_English.svg/330px-Treaty_of_Aranjuez_English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Treaty_of_Aranjuez_English.svg/440px-Treaty_of_Aranjuez_English.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7186" data-file-height="3464" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the border situation on Hispaniola following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Aranjuez_(1777)" title="Treaty of Aranjuez (1777)">Treaty of Aranjuez (1777)</a></figcaption></figure> By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ryswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Ryswick">Treaty of Ryswick</a> in 1697, which ceded the western one-third of the island to France, the population of Santo Domingo consisted of a few thousand whites, approximately 30,000 black slaves, and a few Taínos.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003341-53">[52]</a> By 1789, the population had grown to 125,000, but Santo Domingo remained one of Spain's less wealthy and strategically important colonies in the New World.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003341-53">[52]</a> The population composition of Santo Domingo sharply contrasted with that of the neighboring French colony of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>—the wealthiest colony in the Caribbean and whose population of half a million was 90% enslaved and four times as numerous as Santo Domingo.<a href="#cite_note-google48-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> In 1795, Spain ceded Santo Domingo to France by the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Basel" title="Peace of Basel">Treaty of Basel</a> as a result of its defeat in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pyrenees" title="War of the Pyrenees">War of the Pyrenees</a>. Saint-Domingue achieved independence as Haiti from France on January 1, 1804. In 1809, the French were expelled from the island and Santo Domingo returned to <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a_Boba" title="España Boba">Spanish rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003342-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ephemeral_independence_and_Haitian_occupation">Ephemeral independence and Haitian occupation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Spanish_Haiti" title="Republic of Spanish Haiti">Republic of Spanish Haiti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo">Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo</a></div> After a dozen years of discontent and failed independence plots by various opposing groups, including a failed 1812 revolt led by Dominican conspirators José Leocadio, Pedro de Seda, and Pedro Henríquez, Santo Domingo's former Lieutenant-Governor (top administrator), <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_C%C3%A1ceres" title="José Núñez de Cáceres">José Núñez de Cáceres</a>, declared the colony's independence from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish crown</a> as <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Spanish_Haiti" title="Republic of Spanish Haiti">Spanish Haiti</a>, on November 30, 1821. This period is also known as the Ephemeral independence.<a href="#cite_note-Bethell1986-57">[56]</a> The newly independent republic ended two months later, when it was occupied and annexed by Haiti, then under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Boyer" title="Jean-Pierre Boyer">Jean-Pierre Boyer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guitar-58">[57]</a> For twenty-two years, Haiti controlled Santo Domingo, which it called Partie de l'Est, treating it as a colonial territory. The unpaid Haitian army sustained itself by taking resources from the Dominican people and land without compensation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003343-59">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Republic_(1844–1861)">First Republic (1844–1861)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(up_to_1844).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic_%28up_to_1844%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic_%28up_to_1844%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic_%28up_to_1844%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic_%28up_to_1844%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic_%28up_to_1844%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic_%28up_to_1844%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Original <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Flag of the Dominican Republic">flag of the Dominican Republic</a> (up to 1849)</figcaption></figure> In 1838, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Duarte" title="Juan Pablo Duarte">Juan Pablo Duarte</a> founded a secret society called <a href="/wiki/La_Trinitaria_(Dominican_Republic)" title="La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic)">La Trinitaria</a>, which sought the complete independence of Santo Domingo without any foreign intervention.<a href="#cite_note-pons-60">[59]</a>: p147–149  Also <a href="/wiki/Francisco_del_Rosario_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Francisco del Rosario Sánchez">Francisco del Rosario Sánchez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Matias_Mella" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Matias Mella">Ramon Matias Mella</a>, despite not being among the founding members of La Trinitaria, were decisive in the fight for independence. Duarte, Mella, and Sánchez are considered the Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> On February 27, 1844, the members of La Trinitaria, now led by <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Bobadilla" title="Tomás Bobadilla">Tomás Bobadilla</a>, declared independence from Haiti. The Trinitarios were backed by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Pedro Santana</a>, a wealthy cattle rancher, who became general of the army of the nascent republic. The decades that followed were filled with tyranny, factionalism, economic difficulties, rapid changes of government, and exile for political opponents. Archrivals Santana and <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a> held power most of the time, both ruling arbitrarily. They promoted competing plans to annex the new nation to a major power. The Dominican Republic's first <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Constitution of the Dominican Republic">constitution</a> was adopted on November 6, 1844, and its population in 1845 was approximately 230,000 people (100,000 whites; 40,000 blacks; and 90,000 mulattoes).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003343-59">[58]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Santana.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Santana.gif/150px-Santana.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Santana.gif/225px-Santana.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Santana.gif/300px-Santana.gif 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Buenaventura_Ba%C3%A9z.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Buenaventura_Ba%C3%A9z.gif/134px-Buenaventura_Ba%C3%A9z.gif" decoding="async" width="134" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Buenaventura_Ba%C3%A9z.gif/201px-Buenaventura_Ba%C3%A9z.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Buenaventura_Ba%C3%A9z.gif/268px-Buenaventura_Ba%C3%A9z.gif 2x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="2505" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Pedro Santana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caudillo" title="Caudillo">caudillos</a> who led the Dominican Republic during its first republican period</div></div></div></div> In March 1844, Haiti invaded, but the Dominicans put up stiff opposition and inflicted heavy casualties on the Haitians.<a href="#cite_note-Bethell-62">[61]</a> By April 15, Dominican forces had defeated the Haitian forces on both land and sea.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003344-63">[62]</a> In early July 1844, Duarte was urged by his followers to take the title of President of the Republic. Duarte agreed, but only if free elections were arranged. However, Santana's forces took Santo Domingo on July 12, and they declared Santana ruler of the Dominican Republic. Santana then put Mella, Duarte, and Sánchez in jail. On February 27, 1845, Santana executed <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez" title="María Trinidad Sánchez">María Trinidad Sánchez</a>, heroine of La Trinitaria, and others for conspiracy. In August of that year, Haiti made another attempt to conquer the Dominican Republic, but the Haitian forces were defeated after a short war. After defeating a new Haitian invasion in April 1849 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Carreras" title="Battle of Las Carreras">Battle of Las Carreras</a>, Santana marched on Santo Domingo and deposed president <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Jimenes" title="Manuel Jimenes">Manuel Jimenes</a> (who had ousted Santana as president) in a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>. At his behest, Congress elected <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a> as president, but Báez was unwilling to serve as Santana's puppet. In November–December 1849, Dominican seamen raided the Haitian coasts, plundered seaside villages, as far as <a href="/wiki/Dame-Marie,_Grand%27Anse" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame-Marie, Grand'Anse">Dame Marie</a>, and butchered crews of captured enemy ships.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> A fourth and final invasion by Haiti in November 1855 was defeated by Dominican forces by January 27, 1856, resulting in thousands of Haitian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003347-66">[65]</a> Again Santana and Báez plotted against each other for political dominance, with Báez winning the first encounter and expelling Santana in 1857, and Santana winning the second and expelling Báez in 1859. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_republic">Restoration republic</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jura_del_gobernador_y_capit%C3%A1n_general_de_Santo_Domingo,_don_Pedro_Santana_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jura_del_gobernador_y_capit%C3%A1n_general_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_don_Pedro_Santana_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg/220px-Jura_del_gobernador_y_capit%C3%A1n_general_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_don_Pedro_Santana_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jura_del_gobernador_y_capit%C3%A1n_general_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_don_Pedro_Santana_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg/330px-Jura_del_gobernador_y_capit%C3%A1n_general_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_don_Pedro_Santana_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jura_del_gobernador_y_capit%C3%A1n_general_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_don_Pedro_Santana_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg/440px-Jura_del_gobernador_y_capit%C3%A1n_general_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_don_Pedro_Santana_%28Museo_del_Prado%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2245" /></a><figcaption>Pedro Santana is sworn in as governor-general of the new Spanish province.</figcaption></figure> In 1861, after imprisoning, exiling, and executing many of his opponents and due to political and economic reasons, Santana asked Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a> to retake control of the Dominican Republic. Spain, which had not come to terms with the loss of its mainland American colonies 40 years earlier, made the country a colony again.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The island was occupied by 30,000 Spanish troops bolstered by battalions of Cuban and Puerto Rican volunteers and 12,000 Dominicans who aligned themselves with the Spanish forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003347-66">[65]</a> The Haitian rebel <a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Salnave" title="Sylvain Salnave">Sylvain Salnave</a>, fearful of the reestablishment of Spain as colonial power, gave refuge and logistics to revolutionaries seeking to reestablish the independent nation. The ensuing civil war, known as the War of Restoration, killed more than 50,000.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> The war began on August 16, 1863. The Spanish garrison of Santiago was forced to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Plata,_Dominican_Republic" title="Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic">Puerto Plata</a> by mid-September. The Dominicans bombarded the port of Puerto Plata and destroyed much of the town.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In the south, Spanish forces were successful in driving the rebels out of several towns and into Haiti. However, the capture of <a href="/wiki/Azua,_Dominican_Republic" title="Azua, Dominican Republic">Azua</a> proved to be a costly endeavor, with two months of fighting and a significant loss of lives for the Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-Jan-71">[70]</a> Spanish forces from Cuba attacked and captured <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristi,_Dominican_Republic" title="Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic">Monte Cristi</a> on the north coast, but sustained heavy casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003348-72">[71]</a> By 1865, the Dominican forces had confined the Spanish troops to Santo Domingo, and the Spaniards were afraid to venture outside the capital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003349-73">[72]</a> After nearly two years of fighting, Spain abandoned the island in July 1865. One military historian estimates Spanish casualties at 10,888 killed or wounded in action and thousands dead from <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>, while the Dominican forces fighting for Spain suffered 10,000 casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017306-74">[73]</a> Another military historian estimates that Spain lost 18,000 dead, a figure that does not include the Dominicans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans fighting alongside them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003349-73">[72]</a> The Dominicans fighting for independence against Spain suffered more than 4,000 dead. Political strife again prevailed in the following years; warlords ruled, military revolts were extremely common, and the nation amassed debt. It was now Báez's turn to act on his <a href="/wiki/Proposed_annexation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo">plan of annexing the country to the United States</a>, where two successive presidents were supportive. U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> desired a naval base at <a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Bay" title="Samaná Bay">Samaná</a> and also a place for resettling newly freed African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> The treaty was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-guitar-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Báez was toppled in 1874, returned, and was toppled for good in 1878. Relative peace came to the country in the 1880s, which saw the coming to power of General <a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Ulises Heureaux</a>.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-79">[78]</a> "Lilís", as the new president was nicknamed, put the nation deep into debt while using much of the proceeds for his personal use and to maintain his police state.<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> In 1899, he was assassinated. However, the relative calm over which he presided allowed improvement in the Dominican economy. The sugar industry was modernized,<a href="#cite_note-Hall-81">[80]</a>: p10  and the country attracted foreign workers and immigrants. Lebanese, Syrians, Turks, and Palestinians began to arrive in the country during the latter part of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-82">[81]</a> During the U.S. occupation of 1916–24, peasants from the countryside, called Gavilleros, would not only kill U.S. Marines, but would also attack and kill Arab vendors traveling through the countryside.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_(1900–1930)">20th century (1900–1930)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil.jpg/220px-Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil.jpg/330px-Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil.jpg/440px-Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil" title="Alejandro Woss y Gil">Alejandro Woss y Gil</a> taking office in 1903</figcaption></figure> From 1902 on, short-lived governments were again the norm, with their power usurped by caudillos in parts of the country. Furthermore, the national government was bankrupt and, unable to pay its debts to European creditors, faced the threat of military intervention by France, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cs9-84">[83]</a> United States President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> sought to prevent European intervention, largely to protect the routes to the future <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. He made a small military intervention to ward off European powers, to proclaim his famous <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary" title="Roosevelt Corollary">Roosevelt Corollary</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a>, and also to obtain his 1905 Dominican agreement for U.S. administration of Dominican customs, which was the chief source of income for the Dominican government. A 1906 agreement provided for the arrangement to last 50 years. The United States agreed to use part of the customs proceeds to reduce the immense foreign debt of the Dominican Republic and assumed responsibility for said debt.<a href="#cite_note-Encarta-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-cs9-84">[83]</a> After six years in power, President <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Ramón Cáceres">Ramón Cáceres</a> (who had himself assassinated Heureaux)<a href="#cite_note-countrystudies-79">[78]</a> was assassinated in 1911. The result was several years of great political instability and <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War_(1911%E2%80%931912)" title="Dominican Civil War (1911–1912)">civil war</a>. U.S. mediation by the <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> administrations achieved only a short respite each time. A political deadlock in 1914 was broken after an ultimatum by Wilson telling the Dominicans to choose a president or see the U.S. impose one. A provisional president was chosen, and later the same year relatively free elections put former president (1899–1902) <a href="/wiki/Juan_Isidro_Jimenes_Pereyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra">Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra</a> back in power. With his former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Desiderio_Arias" title="Desiderio Arias">Desiderio Arias</a> maneuvering to depose him and despite a U.S. offer of military aid against Arias, Jimenes resigned on May 7, 1916.<a href="#cite_note-congress-85">[84]</a> Wilson thus ordered the U.S. occupation of the Dominican Republic. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocupacion-1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ocupacion-1916.jpg/220px-Ocupacion-1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ocupacion-1916.jpg/330px-Ocupacion-1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ocupacion-1916.jpg/440px-Ocupacion-1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> landing on Dominican soil in 1916</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC_Fortaleza_Ozama_from_river_1922_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USMC_Fortaleza_Ozama_from_river_1922_restored.jpg/220px-USMC_Fortaleza_Ozama_from_river_1922_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USMC_Fortaleza_Ozama_from_river_1922_restored.jpg/330px-USMC_Fortaleza_Ozama_from_river_1922_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/USMC_Fortaleza_Ozama_from_river_1922_restored.jpg/440px-USMC_Fortaleza_Ozama_from_river_1922_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The flag of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> waving over <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_Ozama" title="Fortaleza Ozama">Ozama Fortress</a> during the U.S. occupation of the Dominican Republic, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1922</figcaption></figure> U.S. Marines landed on May 16, 1916, and seized the capital and other ports, while General Arias fell back to his inland Santiago stronghold.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003b49-86">[85]</a> A significant weaponry disparity between the U.S. Marines and Arias's forces led to the latter's defeat.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> A peace delegation from Santiago surrendered the city on July 5, coinciding with General Arias' surrender to the Dominican governor. The military government established by the U.S. under the Navy and Marine Corps on November 29, led by Vice Admiral <a href="/wiki/Harry_Shepard_Knapp" title="Harry Shepard Knapp">Harry Shepard Knapp</a>, was widely repudiated by the Dominicans, but organized resistance ceased.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003b52-88">[87]</a> The occupation regime kept most Dominican laws and institutions and largely pacified the general population. The occupying government also revived the Dominican economy, reduced the nation's debt, built a road network that at last interconnected all regions of the country, and created a professional National Guard to replace the warring partisan units.<a href="#cite_note-congress-85">[84]</a> Additionally, with grass-roots support from local communities and assistance from both Dominican and US officials, the Dominican education system expanded significantly during US occupation. Between 1918 and 1920, more than three hundred schools were established nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> The system of forced labour used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">Marines in Haiti</a> was absent in the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-Gleijeses-90">[89]</a> The U.S. government's rule ended in October 1922, and elections were held in March 1924.<a href="#cite_note-congress-85">[84]</a> The victor was former president (1902–03) <a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Horacio Vásquez</a>. He was inaugurated on July 13, 1924, and the last U.S. forces left in September.<a href="#cite_note-govinfo-91">[90]</a> In 1930, General <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a>, who was trained by the U.S. Marines during the occupation,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-92">[91]</a> seized power following a military revolt against the government of Vásquez. Desiderio Arias led a failed revolt against Trujillo and was killed near <a href="/wiki/Mao,_Dominican_Republic" title="Mao, Dominican Republic">Mao</a> in 1931. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trujillo_Era_(1930–1961)">Trujillo Era (1930–1961)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafael_L._Trujillo_en_la_silla_presidencial_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rafael_L._Trujillo_en_la_silla_presidencial_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Rafael_L._Trujillo_en_la_silla_presidencial_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rafael_L._Trujillo_en_la_silla_presidencial_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Rafael_L._Trujillo_en_la_silla_presidencial_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Rafael_L._Trujillo_en_la_silla_presidencial_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Rafael_L._Trujillo_en_la_silla_presidencial_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="2569" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a> imposed a dictatorship of 31 years (1930–1961).</figcaption></figure> There was considerable economic growth during <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a>'s long and iron-fisted regime, although a great deal of the wealth was taken by the dictator and other regime elements. There was progress in healthcare, education, and transportation, with the building of hospitals, clinics, schools, roads, and harbors. Trujillo also carried out an important housing construction program and instituted a pension plan. He finally negotiated an undisputed border with Haiti in 1935, and achieved the end of the 50-year customs agreement in 1941, instead of 1956. He made the country debt-free in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-Encarta-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Galvan-93">[92]</a> This was accompanied by absolute repression and the copious use of murder, torture, and terrorist methods against the opposition. Several Dominicans were assassinated in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> after taking part in anti-Trujillo activities.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-92">[91]</a> In October 1937, Dominican troops murdered 10,000 to 15,000 Haitian men, women, and children—mostly with machetes—along the Haitian-Dominican border under the orders of Trujillo.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-92">[91]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Trujillo symbolically sided with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> and declared war on Japan the day after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> and on Nazi Germany and Italy four days later. Soon after, German U-boats torpedoed and sank two Dominican merchant vessels—the San Rafael off Jamaica and the <a href="/wiki/SS_Presidente_Trujillo" title="SS Presidente Trujillo">Presidente Trujillo</a> off <a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a>. German U-boats also sank four Dominican-manned ships in the Caribbean. The country did not make a military contribution to the war, but Dominican sugar and other agricultural products supported the Allied war effort. Over a hundred Dominicans served in the American armed forces. The arsenal at <a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Province" title="San Cristóbal Province">San Cristóbal</a>, operated under Trujillo's regime, produced rifles, machine guns, and ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003b175-94">[93]</a> Trujillo also formed a Foreign Legion of 3,000 mercenaries to attempt to overthrow <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> in Cuba. Major <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Morgan" title="William Alexander Morgan">William Morgan</a> agreed to lead the attack for $1 million, but Castro learned of the plot and instructed Morgan to go along with it and report back. Trujillo was tricked into believing that Morgan had captured <a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_Cuba" title="Trinidad, Cuba">Trinidad</a>. On August 13, 1959, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-47</a> transport flying from the Dominican Republic carrying military advisors and supplies landed at Trinidad airport. Castro seized the aircraft and the ten occupants and arrested some 4,000 suspects throughout Cuba.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003b240-95">[94]</a> On November 25, 1960, Trujillo's henchmen killed three of the four <a href="/wiki/Mirabal_sisters" title="Mirabal sisters">Mirabal sisters</a>, nicknamed Las Mariposas (The Butterflies). Along with their husbands, the sisters were conspiring to overthrow Trujillo in a violent revolt. The <a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Elimination_of_Violence_against_Women" title="International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women">International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women</a> is observed on the anniversary of their deaths. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1960._Junio,_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg/220px-1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg/330px-1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg/440px-1960._Junio%2C_24._Atentado_a_R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt_en_Los_Pr%C3%B3ceres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Explosion in <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> during the Betancourt assassination attempt, June 24, 1960</figcaption></figure> For a long time, the U.S. and the Dominican elite supported the Trujillo government. This support persisted despite the assassinations of political opposition, the <a href="/wiki/Parsley_massacre" title="Parsley massacre">massacre of Haitians</a>, and Trujillo's plots against other countries.<a href="#cite_note-Wucker-96">[95]</a> The U.S. finally broke with Trujillo in 1960, after Trujillo's agents attempted to assassinate the Venezuelan president, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Rómulo Betancourt</a>, with a car bomb, as he was a fierce critic of Trujillo.<a href="#cite_note-locdr11-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sifakis-99">[98]</a> After its representatives confirmed Trujillo's complicity in the nearly successful assassination attempt, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>, for the first time in its history, decreed sanctions against a member state. The United States severed diplomatic relations with the Dominican Republic on August 26, 1960, and in January 1961 suspended the export of trucks, parts, crude oil, gasoline and other petroleum products. U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> also took advantage of OAS sanctions to cut drastically purchases of Dominican sugar, the country's major export. This action ultimately cost the Dominican Republic almost $22,000,000 in lost revenues at a time when its economy was in a rapid decline. Trujillo had become expendable, and dissidents inside the Dominican Republic argued that assassination was the only certain way to remove him.<a href="#cite_note-Cord_Meyer-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-101">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Trujillo_(1961–1996)">Post-Trujillo (1961–1996)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Bosch_(1963).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg/150px-Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg/225px-Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg/300px-Juan_Bosch_%281963%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Juan Bosch (politician)">Juan Bosch</a>, the first democratically elected president after Trujillo</figcaption></figure> On May 30, 1961, Trujillo was shot and killed by Dominican dissidents.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-92">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramfis_Trujillo" title="Ramfis Trujillo">Ramfis Trujillo</a>, the dictator's son, remained in de facto control of the government for the next 6 months, as commander of the armed forces. Trujillo's brothers, Hector Bienvenido and Jose Arismendi Trujillo, returned to the country and plotted against President Balaguer. On November 18, 1961, as a planned coup became more evident, U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> issued a warning that the US would not "remain idle" if the Trujillos attempted to "reassert dictatorial domination". Following this warning, and the arrival of a 14-vessel U.S. naval task force within sight of Santo Domingo, Ramfis and his uncles fled the country on November 19. The OAS lifted its sanctions on January 4, 1962. In February 1963, a democratically elected government under leftist <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Juan Bosch (politician)">Juan Bosch</a> took office but it was overthrown by a military coup in September. On April 24, 1965, a second military coup ousted the military-installed president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Reid_Cabral" title="Donald Reid Cabral">Donald Reid Cabral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Despite tank assaults, <a href="/wiki/Strafing" title="Strafing">strafing</a>, and aerial bombardment by the opposing Loyalists, the pro-Bosch Constitutionalists maintained control of most of the capital. By April 26, armed civilians outnumbered the original rebel military regulars. Radio Santo Domingo, now fully under rebel control, began to call for more violent actions and the killing of all police officers.<a href="#cite_note-Greenberg-103">[102]</a> On April 28, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> deployed U.S. Marines to Santo Domingo to protect American citizens, with U.S. forces subsequently expanded to 24,000 troops.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-92">[91]</a> On April 30, two battalions of the <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a> landed at <a href="/wiki/San_Isidro_Air_Base" title="San Isidro Air Base">San Isidro airfield</a>. Hours later, U.S. troops crossed the Duarte Bridge to link up with Loyalists, who were to secure a corridor for the Marines guarding the U.S. Embassy. However, the Loyalists withdrew to San Isidro airfield instead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003b276-104">[103]</a> On May 2, U.S. forces were authorized to link up, and the outgunned Constitutionalists retreated to the southeastern part of the city. On May 6, U.S. diplomats persuaded the OAS to establish an <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Peace_Force" title="Inter-American Peace Force">Inter-American Peace Force</a> to support American troops. The following countries volunteered: <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (1,250 soldiers), <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> (25 police), <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> (250 soldiers), <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> (164 soldiers), and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> (286 soldiers).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003b277-105">[104]</a> U.S. and OAS peacekeeping troops remained in the country for over a year and left after supervising elections in 1966 won by <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Joaquín Balaguer</a>. He had been Trujillo's last puppet-president.<a href="#cite_note-Encarta-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-civil_war-106">[105]</a> Balaguer remained in power as president for 12 years. His tenure was a period of repression of human rights and civil liberties.<a href="#cite_note-govinfo-91">[90]</a> His rule was criticized for a growing disparity between rich and poor. It was, however, praised for an ambitious infrastructure program, which included construction of large housing projects, sports complexes, theaters, museums, aqueducts, roads, highways, and the massive <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Lighthouse" title="Columbus Lighthouse">Columbus Lighthouse</a>, completed in 1992 during a later tenure. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poblada_de_abril_collage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Poblada_de_abril_collage.png/150px-Poblada_de_abril_collage.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Poblada_de_abril_collage.png/225px-Poblada_de_abril_collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Poblada_de_abril_collage.png/300px-Poblada_de_abril_collage.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>1984 Dominican riots</figcaption></figure> In 1978, Balaguer was succeeded to the presidency by opposition candidate <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Antonio Guzmán Fernández">Antonio Guzmán Fernández</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Revolutionary_Party" title="Dominican Revolutionary Party">Dominican Revolutionary Party</a> (PRD). <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_David" title="Hurricane David">Hurricane David</a> hit the Dominican Republic in August 1979, which left upwards of 2,000 people dead and 200,000 homeless. The hurricane caused over $1 billion in damage. Another PRD win in 1982 followed, under <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Jorge_Blanco" title="Salvador Jorge Blanco">Salvador Jorge Blanco</a>. Balaguer regained the presidency in 1986 and was re-elected in 1990 and 1994, in the latter defeating PRD candidate <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_Pe%C3%B1a_G%C3%B3mez" title="José Francisco Peña Gómez">José Francisco Peña Gómez</a>, a former mayor of Santo Domingo. The 1994 elections were flawed, bringing international pressure, to which Balaguer responded by scheduling another presidential contest in 1996. Balaguer was not a candidate. The PSRC candidate was his Vice President <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Peynado_Garrigosa" title="Jacinto Peynado Garrigosa">Jacinto Peynado Garrigosa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996–present">1996–present</h3></div> In 1996, with the support of Joaquín Balaguer and the Social Christian Reform Party in a coalition called the Patriotic Front, <a href="/wiki/Leonel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Leonel Fernández">Leonel Fernández</a> achieved the first-ever win for the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Liberation_Party" title="Dominican Liberation Party">Dominican Liberation Party</a> (PLD),<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> which Bosch had founded in 1973 after leaving the PRD. Fernández oversaw a fast-growing economy: growth averaged 7.7% per year, unemployment fell, and there were stable exchange and inflation rates.<a href="#cite_note-coha-109">[108]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protestas_dominicanas_en_Santo_Domingo_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Protestas_dominicanas_en_Santo_Domingo_2020.jpg/220px-Protestas_dominicanas_en_Santo_Domingo_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Protestas_dominicanas_en_Santo_Domingo_2020.jpg/330px-Protestas_dominicanas_en_Santo_Domingo_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Protestas_dominicanas_en_Santo_Domingo_2020.jpg/440px-Protestas_dominicanas_en_Santo_Domingo_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2020_Dominican_Republic_protests" title="2020 Dominican Republic protests">2020 Dominican Republic protests</a> in Plaza de La Bandera, Santo Domingo</figcaption></figure> In 2000, the PRD's <a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Mej%C3%ADa" title="Hipólito Mejía">Hipólito Mejía</a> won the election. This was a time of economic troubles.<a href="#cite_note-coha-109">[108]</a> Under Mejía, the Dominican Republic participated in the US-led coalition, as part of the Multinational <a href="/wiki/Plus_Ultra_Brigade" title="Plus Ultra Brigade">Plus Ultra Brigade</a>, during the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">invasion of Iraq</a>, suffering no casualties. In 2008, Fernández was elected for a third term.<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> Fernández and the PLD are credited with initiatives that have moved the country forward technologically, on the other hand, his administrations have been accused of corruption.<a href="#cite_note-coha-109">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Medina" title="Danilo Medina">Danilo Medina</a> of the PLD was elected president in 2012 and re-elected in 2016. On the other hand, a significant increase in crime, government corruption and a weak justice system threaten to overshadow their administrative period.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> He was succeeded by the opposition candidate <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Dominican_Republic_general_election" title="2020 Dominican Republic general election">2020 election</a> (weeks after <a href="/wiki/2020_Dominican_Republic_protests" title="2020 Dominican Republic protests">protests erupted in the country</a> against Medina's government), marking the end to 16 years in power of the centre-left Dominican Liberation Party (PLD).<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> In May 2024, President Luis Abinader won a second term in <a href="/wiki/2024_Dominican_Republic_general_election" title="2024 Dominican Republic general election">elections</a>. Especially his tough policies towards migration from neighbouring Haiti was popular among voters.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Geography of the Dominican Republic">Geography of the Dominican Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of islands of the Dominican Republic">List of islands of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican_Republic_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dominican_Republic_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-Dominican_Republic_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dominican_Republic_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-Dominican_Republic_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Dominican_Republic_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-Dominican_Republic_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>Topographical map of Dominican Republic</figcaption></figure> The Dominican Republic comprises the eastern five-eighths of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a>, the second-largest island in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> to the south. It shares the island roughly at a 2:1 ratio with <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, the north-to-south (though somewhat irregular) border between the two countries being 376 km (234 mi).<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> To the north and north-west lie <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a>, and to the east, across the <a href="/wiki/Mona_Passage" title="Mona Passage">Mona Passage</a>, the US Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. The country's area is reported variously as 48,442 km2 (18,704 sq mi) (by the embassy in the United States)<a href="#cite_note-embassy-14">[14]</a> and 48,670 km2 (18,792 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> making it the second largest country in the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. The Dominican Republic's capital and largest city <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> is on the southern coast.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> The Dominican Republic is located near fault action in the Caribbean. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monte_Cristi,_Coastline.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Monte_Cristi%2C_Coastline.JPG/220px-Monte_Cristi%2C_Coastline.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Monte_Cristi%2C_Coastline.JPG/330px-Monte_Cristi%2C_Coastline.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Monte_Cristi%2C_Coastline.JPG/440px-Monte_Cristi%2C_Coastline.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristi,_Dominican_Republic" title="Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic">Monte Cristi</a> coastline</figcaption></figure> The Dominican Republic has four important mountain ranges. The most northerly is the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Septentrional" title="Cordillera Septentrional">Cordillera Septentrional</a> ("Northern Mountain Range"), which extends from the northwestern coastal town of <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Monte_Cristi" class="mw-redirect" title="San Fernando de Monte Cristi">Monte Cristi</a>, near the Haitian border, to the <a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Peninsula" title="Samaná Peninsula">Samaná Peninsula</a> in the east, running parallel to the Atlantic coast. The highest range in the Dominican Republic – indeed, in the whole of the West Indies – is the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Central,_Dominican_Republic" title="Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic">Cordillera Central</a> ("Central Mountain Range"). In the Cordillera Central are the four highest peaks in the Caribbean: <a href="/wiki/Pico_Duarte" title="Pico Duarte">Pico Duarte</a> (3,098 metres or 10,164 feet above sea level),<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> La Pelona (3,094 metres or 10,151 feet), La Rucilla (3,049 metres or 10,003 feet), and Pico Yaque (2,760 metres or 9,055 feet). In the southwest corner of the country, south of the Cordillera Central, there are two other ranges: the more northerly of the two is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_de_Neiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra de Neiba (page does not exist)">Sierra de Neiba</a>, while in the south the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Bahoruco" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra de Bahoruco">Sierra de Bahoruco</a> is a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Massif_de_la_Selle" class="mw-redirect" title="Massif de la Selle">Massif de la Selle</a> in Haiti. There are other, minor mountain ranges, such as the Cordillera Oriental ("Eastern Mountain Range"), Sierra Martín García, Sierra de Yamasá, and Sierra de Samaná. Between the Central and Northern mountain ranges lies the rich and fertile <a href="/wiki/Cibao" title="Cibao">Cibao</a> valley. This major valley is home to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_de_La_Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Concepción de La Vega">La Vega</a> and most of the farming areas of the nation. Rather less productive are the semi-arid San Juan Valley, south of the Central Cordillera, and the Neiba Valley, tucked between the Sierra de Neiba and the Sierra de Bahoruco. Much of the land around the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Enriquillo" title="Lake Enriquillo">Enriquillo</a> Basin is below sea level, with a hot, arid, desert-like environment. There are other smaller valleys in the mountains, such as the <a href="/wiki/Constanza,_Dominican_Republic" title="Constanza, Dominican Republic">Constanza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarabacoa" title="Jarabacoa">Jarabacoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villa_Altagracia" title="Villa Altagracia">Villa Altagracia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bonao" title="Bonao">Bonao</a> valleys. The Llano Costero del Caribe ("Caribbean Coastal Plain") is the largest of the plains in the Dominican Republic. Stretching north and east of Santo Domingo, it contains many sugar plantations in the <a href="/wiki/Savannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah">savannahs</a> that are common there. West of Santo Domingo its width is reduced to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) as it hugs the coast, finishing at the mouth of the Ocoa River. Another large plain is the Plena de Azua ("Azua Plain"), a very arid region in <a href="/wiki/Azua_Province" title="Azua Province">Azua Province</a>. A few other small coastal plains are on the northern coast and in the <a href="/wiki/Pedernales_Province" title="Pedernales Province">Pedernales</a> Peninsula. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salto_el_Lim%C3%B3n_(14688207924).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salto_el_Lim%C3%B3n_%2814688207924%29.jpg/170px-Salto_el_Lim%C3%B3n_%2814688207924%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salto_el_Lim%C3%B3n_%2814688207924%29.jpg/255px-Salto_el_Lim%C3%B3n_%2814688207924%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Salto_el_Lim%C3%B3n_%2814688207924%29.jpg/340px-Salto_el_Lim%C3%B3n_%2814688207924%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Salto del Limón, one of many waterfalls across the Dominican Republic</figcaption></figure> Four major rivers drain the numerous mountains of the Dominican Republic. The <a href="/wiki/Yaque_del_Norte_River" title="Yaque del Norte River">Yaque del Norte</a> is the longest and most important Dominican river. It carries excess water down from the Cibao Valley and empties into Monte Cristi Bay, in the northwest. Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Yuna_River" title="Yuna River">Yuna River</a> serves the Vega Real and empties into Samaná Bay, in the northeast. Drainage of the San Juan Valley is provided by the San Juan River, <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yaque_del_Sur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaque del Sur">Yaque del Sur</a>, which empties into the Caribbean, in the south. The <a href="/wiki/Artibonite_River" title="Artibonite River">Artibonito</a> is the longest river of Hispaniola and flows westward into Haiti. There are many lakes and coastal lagoons. The largest lake is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Enriquillo" title="Lake Enriquillo">Enriquillo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">salt lake</a> at 45 metres (148 ft) below sea level, the lowest elevation in the Caribbean.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> There are many small offshore islands and <a href="/wiki/Cay" title="Cay">cays</a> that form part of the Dominican territory. The two largest islands near shore are <a href="/wiki/Saona_Island" title="Saona Island">Saona</a>, in the southeast, and <a href="/wiki/Beata" title="Beata">Beata</a>, in the southwest. Smaller islands include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayos_Siete_Hermanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayos Siete Hermanos (page does not exist)">Cayos Siete Hermanos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isla_Cabra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isla Cabra (page does not exist)">Isla Cabra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayo_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayo Jackson (page does not exist)">Cayo Jackson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayo_Lim%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayo Limón (page does not exist)">Cayo Limón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cayo_Levantado" title="Cayo Levantado">Cayo Levantado</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayo_la_Bocaina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayo la Bocaina (page does not exist)">Cayo la Bocaina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalina_Island_(Dominican_Republic)" title="Catalina Island (Dominican Republic)">Catalanita</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cayo_Pisaje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cayo Pisaje (page does not exist)">Cayo Pisaje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isla_Alto_Velo" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla Alto Velo">Isla Alto Velo</a>. To the north, at distances of 100–200 kilometres (62–124 mi), are three extensive, largely submerged <a href="/wiki/Bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank (topography)">banks</a>, which geographically are a southeast continuation of <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Navidad_Bank" title="Navidad Bank">Navidad Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Bank" title="Silver Bank">Silver Bank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mouchoir_Bank" title="Mouchoir Bank">Mouchoir Bank</a>. Navidad Bank and Silver Bank have been officially claimed by the Dominican Republic.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isla_Cabritos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isla Cabritos (page does not exist)">Isla Cabritos</a> lies within <a href="/wiki/Lago_Enriquillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago Enriquillo">Lago Enriquillo</a>. The country is home to five terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Hispaniolan_moist_forests" title="Hispaniolan moist forests">Hispaniolan moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispaniolan_dry_forests" title="Hispaniolan dry forests">Hispaniolan dry forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispaniolan_pine_forests" title="Hispaniolan pine forests">Hispaniolan pine forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enriquillo_wetlands" title="Enriquillo wetlands">Enriquillo wetlands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles_mangroves" title="Greater Antilles mangroves">Greater Antilles mangroves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-116">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Dominican Republic">Climate of the Dominican Republic</a></div> The Dominican Republic has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a><a href="#cite_note-researchgate.net-117">[116]</a> in the coastal and lowland areas. Some areas, such as most of the <a href="/wiki/Cibao" title="Cibao">Cibao</a> region, have a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-researchgate.net-117">[116]</a> Due to its diverse topography, Dominican Republic's climate shows considerable variation over short distances and is the most varied of all the Antilles. The annual average temperature is 25 °C (77 °F). At higher elevations the temperature averages 18 °C (64.4 °F) while near sea level the average temperature is 28 °C (82.4 °F). Low temperatures of 0 °C (32 °F) are possible in the mountains while high temperatures of 40 °C (104 °F) are possible in protected valleys. January and February are the coolest months of the year while August is the hottest month. Snowfall can be seen on rare occasions on the summit of <a href="/wiki/Pico_Duarte" title="Pico Duarte">Pico Duarte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DRcli-118">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> along the northern coast lasts from November through January. Elsewhere the wet season stretches from May through November, with May being the wettest month. Average annual rainfall is 1,500 millimetres (59.1 in) countrywide, with individual locations in the Valle de Neiba seeing averages as low as 350 millimetres (13.8 in) while the Cordillera Oriental averages 2,740 millimetres (107.9 in). The driest part of the country lies in the west.<a href="#cite_note-DRcli-118">[117]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Constanza,_valle_nuevo,_clima_invierno..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frosted alpine forest in Constanza, Dominican Republic"><img alt="Frosted alpine forest in Constanza, Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Constanza%2C_valle_nuevo%2C_clima_invierno..jpg/274px-Constanza%2C_valle_nuevo%2C_clima_invierno..jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Constanza%2C_valle_nuevo%2C_clima_invierno..jpg/412px-Constanza%2C_valle_nuevo%2C_clima_invierno..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Constanza%2C_valle_nuevo%2C_clima_invierno..jpg/549px-Constanza%2C_valle_nuevo%2C_clima_invierno..jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="367" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frosted alpine forest in <a href="/wiki/Constanza,_Dominican_Republic" title="Constanza, Dominican Republic">Constanza, Dominican Republic</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabo_Cabr%C3%B3n,_(Rinc%C3%B3n_Beach)_Saman%C3%A1,_DR.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tropical rainforest climate in Samana, Dominican Republic"><img alt="Tropical rainforest climate in Samana, Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cabo_Cabr%C3%B3n%2C_%28Rinc%C3%B3n_Beach%29_Saman%C3%A1%2C_DR.JPG/244px-Cabo_Cabr%C3%B3n%2C_%28Rinc%C3%B3n_Beach%29_Saman%C3%A1%2C_DR.JPG" decoding="async" width="163" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cabo_Cabr%C3%B3n%2C_%28Rinc%C3%B3n_Beach%29_Saman%C3%A1%2C_DR.JPG/367px-Cabo_Cabr%C3%B3n%2C_%28Rinc%C3%B3n_Beach%29_Saman%C3%A1%2C_DR.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cabo_Cabr%C3%B3n%2C_%28Rinc%C3%B3n_Beach%29_Saman%C3%A1%2C_DR.JPG/488px-Cabo_Cabr%C3%B3n%2C_%28Rinc%C3%B3n_Beach%29_Saman%C3%A1%2C_DR.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tropical rainforest climate in <a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Province" title="Samaná Province">Samana</a>, Dominican Republic</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaragua_National_Park_(Road2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Semi-arid climate in Pedernales, Dominican Republic"><img alt="Semi-arid climate in Pedernales, Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jaragua_National_Park_%28Road2%29.JPG/244px-Jaragua_National_Park_%28Road2%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="163" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jaragua_National_Park_%28Road2%29.JPG/367px-Jaragua_National_Park_%28Road2%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Jaragua_National_Park_%28Road2%29.JPG/488px-Jaragua_National_Park_%28Road2%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Semi-arid climate in <a href="/wiki/Pedernales_Province" title="Pedernales Province">Pedernales</a>, Dominican Republic</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunas_de_Ban%C3%AD_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Desert sand dunes of Baní, Dominican Republic"><img alt="Desert sand dunes of Baní, Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dunas_de_Ban%C3%AD_1.jpg/326px-Dunas_de_Ban%C3%AD_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dunas_de_Ban%C3%AD_1.jpg/489px-Dunas_de_Ban%C3%AD_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Dunas_de_Ban%C3%AD_1.jpg/651px-Dunas_de_Ban%C3%AD_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Desert sand dunes of <a href="/wiki/Ban%C3%AD" title="Baní">Baní</a>, Dominican Republic</div> </li> </ul> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical cyclones">Tropical cyclones</a> strike the Dominican Republic every couple of years, with 65% of the impacts along the southern coast. Hurricanes are most likely between June and October.<a href="#cite_note-DRcli-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> The last major hurricane that struck the country was <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Georges" title="Hurricane Georges">Hurricane Georges</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-119">[118]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">Bats</a> make up 90% of the native terrestrial mammal species residing in the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Lake Enriquillo, located in the Dominican Republic's southwest, is home to the largest population of <a href="/wiki/American_crocodile" title="American crocodile">American crocodiles</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santo_Domingo_National_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Santo_Domingo_National_Palace.jpg/220px-Santo_Domingo_National_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Santo_Domingo_National_Palace.jpg/330px-Santo_Domingo_National_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Santo_Domingo_National_Palace.jpg/440px-Santo_Domingo_National_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4566" data-file-height="2936" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_(Dominican_Republic)" title="National Palace (Dominican Republic)">National Palace</a> in Santo Domingo</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Politics of the Dominican Republic">Politics of the Dominican Republic</a></div> The Dominican Republic is a <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic republic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-embassy-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> with three branches of power: executive, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">president of the Dominican Republic</a> heads the executive branch and executes laws passed by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">congress</a>, appoints the cabinet, and is commander in chief of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Dominican Republic">armed forces</a>. The president and vice-president run for office on the same ticket and are elected by direct vote for four-year terms. The national legislature is bicameral, composed of a <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">senate</a>, which has 32 members, and the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic">Chamber of Deputies</a>, with 178 members.<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> Judicial authority rests with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Dominican_Republic#Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Dominican Republic">Supreme Court of Justice</a>'s 16 members. The court "alone hears actions against the president, designated members of his Cabinet, and members of Congress when the legislature is in session."<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> The court is appointed by a council known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Magistracy_(Dominican_Republic)" title="National Council of the Magistracy (Dominican Republic)">National Council of the Magistracy</a> which is composed of the president, the leaders of both houses of Congress, the President of the Supreme Court, and an opposition or non–governing-party member. The Dominican Republic has a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party political system</a>. Elections are held every two years, alternating between the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Elections in the Dominican Republic">presidential elections</a>, which are held in years evenly divisible by four, and the congressional and municipal elections, which are held in even-numbered years not divisible by four. "International observers have found that presidential and congressional elections since 1996 have been generally free and fair."<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> Starting in 2016, elections are held jointly, after a constitutional reform.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luis_Abinader_(25-04-2024).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Luis_Abinader_%2825-04-2024%29.jpg/170px-Luis_Abinader_%2825-04-2024%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Luis_Abinader_%2825-04-2024%29.jpg/255px-Luis_Abinader_%2825-04-2024%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Luis_Abinader_%2825-04-2024%29.jpg/340px-Luis_Abinader_%2825-04-2024%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Dominican President <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></figcaption></figure> The three major parties are the conservative <a href="/wiki/Social_Christian_Reformist_Party" title="Social Christian Reformist Party">Social Christian Reformist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Partido Reformista Social Cristiano (PRSC)), in power 1966–78 and 1986–96; and the <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Revolutionary_Party" title="Dominican Revolutionary Party">Dominican Revolutionary Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD)), in power in 1963, 1978–86, and 2000–04; and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Liberation_Party" title="Dominican Liberation Party">Dominican Liberation Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Partido de la Liberación Dominicana (PLD)), in power 1996–2000 and 2004–2020. In 2020, <a href="/wiki/2020_Dominican_Republic_protests" title="2020 Dominican Republic protests">protests erupted</a> against the PLD's rule. The presidential candidate for the opposition Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM), <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a>, won the <a href="/wiki/2020_Dominican_Republic_general_election" title="2020 Dominican Republic general election">election</a>, defeating the PLD.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Provinces of the Dominican Republic">Provinces of the Dominican Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of the Dominican Republic">Municipalities of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican_Republic,_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_monochrome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dominican_Republic%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_monochrome.svg/220px-Dominican_Republic%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_monochrome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dominican_Republic%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_monochrome.svg/330px-Dominican_Republic%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_monochrome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Dominican_Republic%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_monochrome.svg/440px-Dominican_Republic%2C_administrative_divisions_-_de_-_monochrome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of the Dominican Republic</figcaption></figure> The Dominican Republic is divided into 31 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Provinces of the Dominican Republic">provinces</a>. Santo Domingo, the capital, is designated <a href="/wiki/Distrito_Nacional" title="Distrito Nacional">Distrito Nacional</a> (National District). The provinces are divided into municipalities (<a href="/wiki/Municipio" title="Municipio">municipios</a>; singular municipio). They are the second-level political and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative subdivisions</a> of the country. The president appoints the governors of the 31 provinces. Mayors and municipal councils administer the 124 municipal districts and the National District (Santo Domingo). They are elected at the same time as congressional representatives.<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> The provinces are the first–level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative subdivisions</a> of the country. The headquarters of the central government's regional offices are normally found in the capital cities of provinces. The president appoints an administrative governor (Gobernador Civil) for each province but not for the Distrito Nacional (Title IX of the constitution).<a href="#cite_note-Constitution-123">[122]</a> The Distrito Nacional was created in 1936. Prior to this, the Distrito National was the old Santo Domingo Province, in existence since the country's independence in 1844. It is not to be confused with the new Santo Domingo Province split off from it in 2001. While it is similar to a province in many ways, the Distrito Nacional differs in its lack of an administrative governor and consisting only of one municipality, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, the city council (<a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento" title="Ayuntamiento">ayuntamiento</a>) and mayor (síndico) which are in charge of its administration.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Province</th> <th>Capital city </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azua_Province" title="Azua Province">Azua</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azua_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Azua de Compostela">Azua de Compostela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baoruco_Province" title="Baoruco Province">Baoruco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neiba" title="Neiba">Neiba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Barahona.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Barahona Coat of Arms"><img alt="Barahona Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Barahona.svg/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Barahona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Barahona.svg/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Barahona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Barahona.svg/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Barahona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Barahona Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barahona_Province" title="Barahona Province">Barahona</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Barahona" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de Barahona">Santa Cruz de Barahona</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Dajab%C3%B3n.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dajabón Coat of Arms"><img alt="Dajabón Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Dajab%C3%B3n.png/13px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Dajab%C3%B3n.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Dajab%C3%B3n.png/19px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Dajab%C3%B3n.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Dajab%C3%B3n.png/26px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Dajab%C3%B3n.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Dajabón Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dajab%C3%B3n_Province" title="Dajabón Province">Dajabón</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dajab%C3%B3n" title="Dajabón">Dajabón</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distrito_Nacional" title="Distrito Nacional">Distrito Nacional</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Province" title="Duarte Province">Duarte</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Francisco de Macorís">San Francisco de Macorís</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Elías Piña Coat of Arms"><img alt="Elías Piña Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a.png 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Elías Piña Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a_Province" title="Elías Piña Province">Elías Piña</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comendador,_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Comendador, Elías Piña">Comendador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El_Seibo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="El Seibo Coat of Arms"><img alt="El Seibo Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El_Seibo.svg/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El_Seibo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El_Seibo.svg/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El_Seibo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El_Seibo.svg/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_El_Seibo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Seibo_Province" title="El Seibo Province">El Seibo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_El_Seibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de El Seibo">Santa Cruz de El Seibo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Espaillat.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Espaillat Coat of Arms"><img alt="Espaillat Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Espaillat.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Espaillat.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Espaillat.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Espaillat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Espaillat.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Espaillat.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Espaillat Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Espaillat_Province" title="Espaillat Province">Espaillat</a>  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moca,_Espaillat" class="mw-redirect" title="Moca, Espaillat">Moca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hato_Mayor.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hato Mayor Coat of Arms"><img alt="Hato Mayor Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hato_Mayor.png/9px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hato_Mayor.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hato_Mayor.png/14px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hato_Mayor.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hato_Mayor.png/19px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hato_Mayor.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption>Hato Mayor Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hato_Mayor_Province" title="Hato Mayor Province">Hato Mayor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hato_Mayor_del_Rey" title="Hato Mayor del Rey">Hato Mayor del Rey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hermanas_Mirabal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hermanas Mirabal Coat of Arms"><img alt="Hermanas Mirabal Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hermanas_Mirabal.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hermanas_Mirabal.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hermanas_Mirabal.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hermanas_Mirabal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hermanas_Mirabal.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Hermanas_Mirabal.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Hermanas Mirabal Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hermanas_Mirabal_Province" title="Hermanas Mirabal Province">Hermanas Mirabal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Hermanas_Mirabal" class="mw-redirect" title="Salcedo, Hermanas Mirabal">Salcedo</a>       </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Independencia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Independencia Coat of Arms"><img alt="Independencia Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Independencia.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Independencia.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Independencia.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Independencia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Independencia.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Independencia.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>Independencia Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independencia_Province" title="Independencia Province">Independencia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiman%C3%AD" title="Jimaní">Jimaní</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Altagracia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="La Altagracia Coat of Arms"><img alt="La Altagracia Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Altagracia.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Altagracia.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Altagracia.png/17px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Altagracia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Altagracia.png/23px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Altagracia.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>La Altagracia Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Altagracia_Province" title="La Altagracia Province">La Altagracia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salvale%C3%B3n_de_Hig%C3%BCey" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvaleón de Higüey">Salvaleón de Higüey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Romana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Romana Coat of Arms"><img alt="La Romana Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Romana.svg/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Romana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Romana.svg/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Romana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Romana.svg/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Romana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>La Romana Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Romana_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="La Romana Province">La Romana</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Romana,_La_Romana" class="mw-redirect" title="La Romana, La Romana">La Romana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Vega.png" class="mw-file-description" title="La Vega Coat of Arms"><img alt="La Vega Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Vega.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Vega.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Vega.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Vega.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Vega.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_La_Vega.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>La Vega Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Vega_Province" title="La Vega Province">La Vega</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_de_La_Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Concepción de La Vega">Concepción de La Vega</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez.png" class="mw-file-description" title="María Trinidad Sánchez Coat of Arms"><img alt="María Trinidad Sánchez Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>María Trinidad Sánchez Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez_Province" title="María Trinidad Sánchez Province">María Trinidad Sánchez</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagua" title="Nagua">Nagua</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Province</th> <th>Capital city </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Monseñor Nouel Coat of Arms"><img alt="Monseñor Nouel Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Monseñor Nouel Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel_Province" title="Monseñor Nouel Province">Monseñor Nouel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonao" title="Bonao">Bonao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Cristi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Monte Cristi Coat of Arms"><img alt="Monte Cristi Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Cristi.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Cristi.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Cristi.png/17px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Cristi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Cristi.png/23px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Cristi.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Monte Cristi Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristi_Province" title="Monte Cristi Province">Monte Cristi</a>  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Monte_Cristi" class="mw-redirect" title="San Fernando de Monte Cristi">San Fernando de Monte Cristi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Plata.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Monte Plata Coat of Arms Province"><img alt="Monte Plata Coat of Arms Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Plata.png/9px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Plata.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Plata.png/14px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Plata.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Plata.png/19px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Monte_Plata.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Monte Plata Coat of Arms Province</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monte_Plata_Province" title="Monte Plata Province">Monte Plata</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monte_Plata" title="Monte Plata">Monte Plata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Pedernales.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pedernales Coat of Arms"><img alt="Pedernales Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Pedernales.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Pedernales.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Pedernales.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Pedernales.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Pedernales.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Pedernales.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Pedernales Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pedernales_Province" title="Pedernales Province">Pedernales</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pedernales,_Dominican_Republic" title="Pedernales, Dominican Republic">Pedernales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Peravia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Peravia Coat of Arms"><img alt="Peravia Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Peravia.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Peravia.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Peravia.png/19px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Peravia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Peravia.png/25px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Peravia.png 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Peravia Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peravia_Province" title="Peravia Province">Peravia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ban%C3%AD" title="Baní">Baní</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Puerto_Plata.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Puerto Plata Coat of Arms"><img alt="Puerto Plata Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Puerto_Plata.svg/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Puerto_Plata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Puerto_Plata.svg/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Puerto_Plata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Puerto_Plata.svg/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Puerto_Plata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Puerto Plata Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Plata_Province" title="Puerto Plata Province">Puerto Plata</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_de_Puerto_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="San Felipe de Puerto Plata">San Felipe de Puerto Plata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Saman%C3%A1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samaná Coat of Arms"><img alt="Samaná Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Saman%C3%A1.svg/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Saman%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Saman%C3%A1.svg/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Saman%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Saman%C3%A1.svg/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Saman%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Samaná Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Province" title="Samaná Province">Samaná</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_(town)" title="Samaná (town)">Samaná</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Crist%C3%B3bal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San Cristóbal Coat of Arms"><img alt="San Cristóbal Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Crist%C3%B3bal.png/10px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Crist%C3%B3bal.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Crist%C3%B3bal.png/15px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Crist%C3%B3bal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Crist%C3%B3bal.png/20px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Crist%C3%B3bal.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption>San Cristóbal Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Province" title="San Cristóbal Province">San Cristóbal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal,_Dominican_Republic" title="San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic">San Cristóbal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San José de Ocoa Coat of Arms"><img alt="San José de Ocoa Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa.png/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa.png/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa.png/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>San José de Ocoa Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa_Province" title="San José de Ocoa Province">San José de Ocoa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa" title="San José de Ocoa">San José de Ocoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Juan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Juan de la Maguana Coat of Arms"><img alt="San Juan de la Maguana Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Juan.svg/12px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Juan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Juan.svg/18px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Juan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Juan.svg/24px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_San_Juan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>San Juan de la Maguana Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_la_Maguana_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan de la Maguana Province">San Juan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_la_Maguana" title="San Juan de la Maguana">San Juan de la Maguana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_San_Pedro_de_Macoris_(En_cuadrilongo).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Pedro de Macorís Coat of Arms"><img alt="San Pedro de Macorís Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Escudo_de_San_Pedro_de_Macoris_%28En_cuadrilongo%29.svg/12px-Escudo_de_San_Pedro_de_Macoris_%28En_cuadrilongo%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Escudo_de_San_Pedro_de_Macoris_%28En_cuadrilongo%29.svg/18px-Escudo_de_San_Pedro_de_Macoris_%28En_cuadrilongo%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Escudo_de_San_Pedro_de_Macoris_%28En_cuadrilongo%29.svg/24px-Escudo_de_San_Pedro_de_Macoris_%28En_cuadrilongo%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>San Pedro de Macorís Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs_Province" title="San Pedro de Macorís Province">San Pedro de Macorís</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Pedro de Macorís">San Pedro de Macorís</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sánchez Ramírez Coat of Arms"><img alt="Sánchez Ramírez Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez.png/11px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez.png/16px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez.png/21px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Sánchez Ramírez Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez_Province" title="Sánchez Ramírez Province">Sánchez Ramírez</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cotu%C3%AD" title="Cotuí">Cotuí</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santiago Coat of Arms"><img alt="Santiago Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago.svg/9px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago.svg/14px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago.svg/19px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="898" /></a><figcaption>Santiago Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de los Caballeros Province">Santiago</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago de los Caballeros</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Santiago Rodríguez Coat of Arms"><img alt="Santiago Rodríguez Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez.png/10px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez.png/16px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez.png/21px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez.png 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Santiago Rodríguez Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Province" title="Santiago Rodríguez Province">Santiago Rodríguez</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Ignacio_de_Sabaneta" class="mw-redirect" title="San Ignacio de Sabaneta">San Ignacio de Sabaneta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santo_Domingo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Santo Domingo Coat of Arms"><img alt="Santo Domingo Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santo_Domingo.png/11px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santo_Domingo.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santo_Domingo.png/17px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santo_Domingo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santo_Domingo.png/22px-Escudo_de_la_Provincia_Santo_Domingo.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Santo Domingo Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Province" title="Santo Domingo Province">Santo Domingo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Este" title="Santo Domingo Este">Santo Domingo Este</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_del_Municipio_Mao.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valverde Coat of Arms"><img alt="Valverde Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Escudo_del_Municipio_Mao.svg/12px-Escudo_del_Municipio_Mao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Escudo_del_Municipio_Mao.svg/18px-Escudo_del_Municipio_Mao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Escudo_del_Municipio_Mao.svg/24px-Escudo_del_Municipio_Mao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Valverde Coat of Arms</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valverde_Province" title="Valverde Province">Valverde</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Mao" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de Mao">Santa Cruz de Mao</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic">Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic</a></div> The Dominican Republic has a close relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Republic-United States relations">United States</a>, and has close cultural ties with the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Puerto Rico">Commonwealth of Puerto Rico</a>, and other states and jurisdictions of the United States. The Dominican Republic's <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Haiti_relations" title="Dominican Republic–Haiti relations">relationship with neighbouring Haiti</a> is strained over mass Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic, with citizens of the Dominican Republic blaming the Haitians for increased crime and other social problems.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> The Dominican Republic is a regular member of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_Internationale_de_la_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie</a>. The Dominican Republic has a <a href="/wiki/Free-trade_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-trade area">Free Trade Agreement</a> with the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua via the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement">Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> And an <a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreement</a> with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a> via the <a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">Caribbean Forum.</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Dominican Republic is the 97th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Commando_soldiers_of_the_MEFA_provide_security.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Two_Commando_soldiers_of_the_MEFA_provide_security.jpg/220px-Two_Commando_soldiers_of_the_MEFA_provide_security.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Two_Commando_soldiers_of_the_MEFA_provide_security.jpg/330px-Two_Commando_soldiers_of_the_MEFA_provide_security.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Two_Commando_soldiers_of_the_MEFA_provide_security.jpg/440px-Two_Commando_soldiers_of_the_MEFA_provide_security.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Dominican soldiers training in Santo Domingo</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic">Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic</a></div> The Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic are the military forces of the Dominican Republic. They consist of approximately 56,000 active duty personnel.<a href="#cite_note-IISS409-129">[128]</a> The President of the Dominican Republic is the <a href="/wiki/Commander_in_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander in chief">commander in chief</a> of the Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic and the Ministry of Defense is the chief managing body of the armed forces. The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Army" title="Dominican Army">Army</a>, with 28,750 active duty personnel,<a href="#cite_note-IISS409-129">[128]</a> consists of six <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> brigades, an air cavalry squadron and a combat service support brigade. The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Air_Force" title="Dominican Air Force">Air Force</a> operates two main bases, one in the southern region near <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> and one in the northern region of the country, the air force operates approximately 75 aircraft including helicopters. The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Navy" title="Dominican Navy">Navy</a> operates two major naval bases, one in Santo Domingo and one in Las Calderas on the southwestern coast. The armed forces have organized a Specialized Airport Security Corps (CESA) and a Specialized Port Security Corps (CESEP) to meet international security needs in these areas. The secretary of the armed forces has also announced plans to form a specialized border corps (CESEF). The armed forces provide 75% of personnel to the National Investigations Directorate (DNI) and the Counter-Drug Directorate (DNCD).<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> In 2018, Dominican Republic signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Economy of the Dominican Republic">Economy of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SantoDomingoedit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SantoDomingoedit.JPG/220px-SantoDomingoedit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SantoDomingoedit.JPG/330px-SantoDomingoedit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SantoDomingoedit.JPG/440px-SantoDomingoedit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2359" data-file-height="1325" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, the Dominican Republic's capital city</figcaption></figure> During the last three decades, the Dominican economy, formerly dependent on the export of agricultural commodities (mainly sugar, cocoa and coffee), has transitioned to a diversified mix of services, manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and trade. The service sector accounts for almost 60% of GDP; manufacturing, for 22%; tourism, telecommunications and finance are the main components of the service sector; however, none of them accounts for more than 10% of the whole.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> The Dominican Republic has a stock market, <a href="/wiki/Bolsa_de_Valores_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" title="Bolsa de Valores de la República Dominicana">Bolsa de Valores de la República Dominicana</a> (BVRD).<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> and advanced telecommunication system and transportation infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-consulate-30">[29]</a> High unemployment and income inequality are long-term challenges.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> International migration affects the Dominican Republic greatly, as it receives and sends large flows of migrants. Mass illegal Haitian immigration and the integration of Dominicans of Haitian descent are major issues.<a href="#cite_note-pinadep-133">[132]</a> A large Dominican diaspora exists, mostly <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Americans (Dominican Republic)">in the United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-s0201-134">[133]</a> contributes to development, sending billions of dollars to Dominican families in remittances.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">Remittances</a> in Dominican Republic increased to US$4571.30 million in 2014 from US$3333 million in 2013 (according to data reported by the Inter-American Development Bank). Economic growth takes place in spite of a chronic energy shortage,<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> which causes frequent blackouts and very high prices. Despite a widening merchandise <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">trade deficit</a>, tourism earnings and remittances have helped build <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">foreign exchange reserves</a>. Following economic turmoil in the late 1980s and 1990, during which the gross domestic product (GDP) fell by up to 5% and consumer price inflation reached an unprecedented 100%, the Dominican Republic entered a period of growth and declining inflation until 2002, after which the economy entered a <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> This recession followed the collapse of the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial bank</a> in the country, <a href="/wiki/Banco_Intercontinental" title="Banco Intercontinental">Baninter</a>, linked to a major incident of fraud valued at US$3.5 billion. The Baninter fraud had a devastating effect on the Dominican economy, with GDP dropping by 1% in 2003 as inflation ballooned by over 27%. All defendants, including the star of the trial, <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_B%C3%A1ez_Figueroa" title="Ramón Báez Figueroa">Ramón Báez Figueroa</a> (the great-grandson of President <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">Buenaventura Báez</a>),<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_TonySmith-136">[135]</a> were convicted. According to the 2005 Annual Report of the United Nations Subcommittee on Human Development in the Dominican Republic, the country is ranked No. 71 in the world for resource availability, No. 79 for human development, and No. 14 in the world for resource mismanagement. These statistics emphasize national government corruption, foreign economic interference in the country, and the rift between the rich and poor. The Dominican Republic has a noted problem of <a href="/wiki/Child_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labor">child labor</a> in its coffee, rice, sugarcane, and tomato industries.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The labor injustices in the sugarcane industry extend to forced labor according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a>. Three large groups own 75% of the land: the State Sugar Council (Consejo Estatal del Azúcar, CEA), <a href="/wiki/Vicini" title="Vicini">Grupo Vicini</a>, and Central Romana Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-Country_Studies-Library_Congress-138">[137]</a> According to the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Global_Slavery_Index" title="Global Slavery Index">Global Slavery Index</a>, an estimated 104,800 people are enslaved in the modern day Dominican Republic, or 1.00% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency">Currency</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dominican_peso" title="Dominican peso">Dominican peso</a></div> The Dominican peso (abbreviated $ or RD$; <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> code is "DOP")<a href="#cite_note-XE-142">[141]</a> is the national currency, with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a> also accepted at most tourist sites. The exchange rate to the U.S. dollar, liberalized by 1985, stood at 2.70 pesos per dollar in August 1986,<a href="#cite_note-pons-60">[59]</a>: p417, 428  14.00 pesos in 1993, and 16.00 pesos in 2000. As of September 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_Republic&action=edit">[update]</a> the rate was 50.08 pesos per dollar.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Tourism in the Dominican Republic">Tourism in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punta_Cana_Beach_Cabeza_De_Toro_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Punta_Cana_Beach_Cabeza_De_Toro_1.jpg/220px-Punta_Cana_Beach_Cabeza_De_Toro_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Punta_Cana_Beach_Cabeza_De_Toro_1.jpg/330px-Punta_Cana_Beach_Cabeza_De_Toro_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Punta_Cana_Beach_Cabeza_De_Toro_1.jpg/440px-Punta_Cana_Beach_Cabeza_De_Toro_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Cabeza de Toro beach, <a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a></figcaption></figure> Tourism is one of the fueling factors in the Dominican Republic's economic growth. The Dominican Republic is the most popular tourist destination in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. With the construction of projects like <a href="/wiki/Cap_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap Cana">Cap Cana</a>, San Souci Port in Santo Domingo, <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Campo,_Dominican_Republic" title="Casa de Campo, Dominican Republic">Casa De Campo</a> and the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino (ancient Moon Palace Resort) in <a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a>, the Dominican Republic expects increased tourism activity in the upcoming years. <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a> has also been a topic increasingly important, with towns like <a href="/wiki/Jarabacoa" title="Jarabacoa">Jarabacoa</a> and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Constanza,_Dominican_Republic" title="Constanza, Dominican Republic">Constanza</a>, and locations like the <a href="/wiki/Pico_Duarte" title="Pico Duarte">Pico Duarte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_de_las_%C3%81guilas" title="Bahía de las Águilas">Bahía de las Águilas</a>, and others becoming more significant in efforts to increase direct benefits from tourism. Most residents from other countries <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Visa policy of the Dominican Republic">are required to get a tourist card</a>, depending on the country they live in. In the last 10 years the Dominican Republic has become one of the world's notably progressive states in terms of recycling and waste disposal. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in the Dominican Republic">Transportation in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gualey_Santo_Domingo_Dominican_Republic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gualey_Santo_Domingo_Dominican_Republic.jpg/220px-Gualey_Santo_Domingo_Dominican_Republic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gualey_Santo_Domingo_Dominican_Republic.jpg/330px-Gualey_Santo_Domingo_Dominican_Republic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gualey_Santo_Domingo_Dominican_Republic.jpg/440px-Gualey_Santo_Domingo_Dominican_Republic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%A9rico_de_Santo_Domingo" title="Teleférico de Santo Domingo">Teleférico de Santo Domingo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:27_de_febrero_av._Santo_Domingo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/27_de_febrero_av._Santo_Domingo.jpg/220px-27_de_febrero_av._Santo_Domingo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/27_de_febrero_av._Santo_Domingo.jpg/330px-27_de_febrero_av._Santo_Domingo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/27_de_febrero_av._Santo_Domingo.jpg/440px-27_de_febrero_av._Santo_Domingo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>27 de Febrero Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></figcaption></figure> The country has three national trunk highways, which connect every major town. These are <a href="/wiki/DR-1" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-1">DR-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/DR-2" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-2">DR-2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DR-3" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-3">DR-3</a>, which depart from Santo Domingo toward the northern (Cibao), southwestern (Sur), and eastern (El Este) parts of the country respectively. These highways have been consistently improved with the expansion and reconstruction of many sections. Two other national highways serve as spur (<a href="/wiki/DR-5" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-5">DR-5</a>) or alternative routes (<a href="/wiki/DR-4" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-4">DR-4</a>). In addition to the national highways, the government has embarked on an expansive reconstruction of spur secondary routes, which connect smaller towns to the trunk routes. In the last few years the government constructed a 106-kilometer toll road that connects Santo Domingo with the country's northeastern peninsula. Travelers may now arrive in the Samaná Peninsula in less than two hours. Other additions are the reconstruction of the DR-28 (Jarabacoa – Constanza) and <a href="/wiki/DR-12" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-12">DR-12</a> (Constanza – Bonao). Despite these efforts, many secondary routes still remain either unpaved or in need of maintenance. There is currently a nationwide program to pave these and other commonly used routes. Also, the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_light_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago light rail">Santiago light rail</a> system is in planning stages but currently on hold. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_services">Bus services</h3></div> There are two main bus transportation services in the Dominican Republic: one controlled by the government, through the Oficina Técnica de Transito Terrestre (OTTT) and the Oficina Metropolitana de Servicios de Autobuses (OMSA), and the other controlled by private business, among them, Federación Nacional de Transporte La Nueva Opción (FENATRANO) and the Confederacion Nacional de Transporte (CONATRA). The government transportation system covers large routes in metropolitan areas such as Santo Domingo and Santiago. There are many privately owned bus companies, such as Metro Servicios Turísticos and Caribe Tours, that run daily routes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santo_Domingo_Metro">Santo Domingo Metro</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stodgo_metro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stodgo_metro.jpg/220px-Stodgo_metro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stodgo_metro.jpg/330px-Stodgo_metro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stodgo_metro.jpg/440px-Stodgo_metro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>A pair of 9000 series are tested on the Santo Domingo Metro.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Metro" title="Santo Domingo Metro">Santo Domingo Metro</a></div> The Dominican Republic has a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system in <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, the country's capital. It is the most extensive metro system in the insular <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and Central American region by length and number of stations. The Santo Domingo Metro is part of a major "National Master Plan" to improve transportation in Santo Domingo as well as the rest of the nation. The first line was planned to relieve traffic congestion in the <a href="/wiki/DR-1" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-1">Máximo Gómez</a> and <a href="/wiki/DR-13" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-13">Hermanas Mirabal Avenue</a>. The second line, which opened in April 2013, is meant to relieve the congestion along the <a href="/wiki/DR-13" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-13">Duarte-Kennedy-Centenario</a> Corridor in the city from west to east. The current length of the Metro, with the sections of the two lines open as of August 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_Republic&action=edit">[update]</a>, is 27.35 kilometres (16.99 mi). Before the opening of the second line, 30,856,515 passengers rode the Santo Domingo Metro in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-SD-stats-144">[143]</a> With both lines opened, ridership increased to 61,270,054 passengers in 2014. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic</a></div> The Dominican Republic has a well developed <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">telecommunications</a> infrastructure, with extensive mobile phone and <a href="/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">landline</a> services. <a href="/wiki/Cable_Internet_access" title="Cable Internet access">Cable Internet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line" title="Digital subscriber line">DSL</a> are available in most parts of the country, and many <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service providers</a> offer <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> wireless internet service. Projects to extend <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> hot spots have been made in Santo Domingo. The telecommunications regulator in the country is INDOTEL (Instituto Dominicano de Telecomunicaciones). The largest telecommunications company is <a href="/wiki/Claro_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Claro República Dominicana">Claro</a> – part of <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Slim" title="Carlos Slim">Carlos Slim</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_M%C3%B3vil" title="América Móvil">América Móvil</a> – which provides wireless, landline, broadband, and <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a> services. In June 2009 there were more than 8 million phone line subscribers (land and cell users) in the D.R., representing 81% of the country's population and a fivefold increase since the year 2000, when there were 1.6 million. The communications sector generates about 3.0% of the GDP.<a href="#cite_note-LD2009-06-05-145">[144]</a> There were 2,439,997 Internet users in March 2009.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> In November 2009, the Dominican Republic became the first Latin American country to pledge to include a "gender perspective" in every information and communications technology (ICT) initiative and policy developed by the government.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> This is part of the regional <a href="/wiki/ELAC_Action_Plans" title="ELAC Action Plans">eLAC2010</a> plan. The tool the Dominicans have chosen to design and evaluate all the public policies is the APC <a href="/wiki/Gender_Evaluation_Methodology_(GEM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender Evaluation Methodology (GEM)">Gender Evaluation Methodology (GEM)</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Electricity sector in the Dominican Republic">Electricity sector in the Dominican Republic</a></div> Electric power service has been unreliable since the Trujillo era, and as much as 75% of the equipment is that old. The country's antiquated power grid causes transmission losses that account for a large share of billed electricity from generators. The privatization of the sector started under a previous administration of Leonel Fernández.<a href="#cite_note-coha-109">[108]</a> The recent investment in a 345 kilovolt "Santo Domingo–Santiago Electrical Highway"<a href="#cite_note-DT2009-04-29-148">[147]</a> with reduced <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission#Losses" title="Electric power transmission">transmission losses</a>, is being heralded as a major capital improvement to the national grid since the mid-1960s. During the Trujillo regime electrical service was introduced to many cities. Almost 95% of usage was not billed at all. Around half of the Dominican Republic's 2.1 million houses have no meters and most do not pay or pay a fixed monthly rate for their electric service.<a href="#cite_note-DT2006-06-01-149">[148]</a> Household and general electrical service is delivered at 110 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volts</a> alternating at 60 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>. Electrically powered items from the United States work with no modifications. The majority of the Dominican Republic has access to electricity. Tourist areas tend to have more reliable power, as do business, travel, healthcare, and vital infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> Concentrated efforts were announced to increase efficiency of delivery to places where the collection rate reached 70%.<a href="#cite_note-LD2007-04-11-151">[150]</a> The electricity sector is highly politicized. Some generating companies are undercapitalized and at times unable to purchase adequate fuel supplies.<a href="#cite_note-ussdnote-110">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Demographics of the Dominican Republic">Demographics of the Dominican Republic</a></div> The Dominican Republic's population was 11,117,873 in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-152">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-153">[152]</a> compared to 2,380,000 in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> In 2010, 31.2% of the population was under 15 years of age, with 6% of the population over 65 years of age.<a href="#cite_note-WPP_2012-155">[154]</a> There were an estimated 102.3 males for every 100 females in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> The annual population growth rate for 2006–2007 was 1.5%, with the projected population for the year 2015 being 10,121,000.<a href="#cite_note-esa-156">[155]</a> The population density in 2007 was 192 per km2 (498 per sq mi), and 63% of the population lived in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> The southern coastal plains and the Cibao Valley are the most densely populated areas of the country. The capital city Santo Domingo had a population of 2,907,100 in 2010. Other important cities are <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago de los Caballeros</a> (<abbr title="population">pop.</abbr> 745,293), <a href="/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Romana, Dominican Republic">La Romana</a> (pop. 214,109), <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Pedro de Macorís">San Pedro de Macorís</a> (pop. 185,255), <a href="/wiki/Hig%C3%BCey,_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Higüey, Dominican Republic">Higüey</a> (153,174), <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Francisco de Macorís">San Francisco de Macorís</a> (pop. 132,725), <a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_de_Puerto_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="San Felipe de Puerto Plata">Puerto Plata</a> (pop. 118,282), and <a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_de_la_Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Concepción de la Vega">La Vega</a> (pop. 104,536). Per the United Nations, the urban population growth rate for 2000–2005 was 2.3%. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_centres">Population centres</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cities in the Dominican Republic">List of cities in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities in the Dominican Republic <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Office_(Dominican_Republic)" title="National Statistics Office (Dominican Republic)">National Statistics Office (Dominican Republic)</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[note 3]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cities in the Dominican Republic">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cities in the Dominican Republic">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Provinces of the Dominican Republic">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cities in the Dominican Republic"> Pop.</a> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:SantoDomingoedit.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Santo Domingo"><img alt="Santo Domingo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SantoDomingoedit.JPG/120px-SantoDomingoedit.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SantoDomingoedit.JPG/180px-SantoDomingoedit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/SantoDomingoedit.JPG/240px-SantoDomingoedit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2359" data-file-height="1325" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Santiago-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santiago"><img alt="Santiago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Santiago-edit.jpg/120px-Santiago-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Santiago-edit.jpg/180px-Santiago-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Santiago-edit.jpg/240px-Santiago-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4533" data-file-height="2550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Distrito_Nacional" title="Distrito Nacional">Distrito Nacional</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,274,651 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Vega_Dominican_Republic_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Vega"><img alt="La Vega" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/La_Vega_Dominican_Republic_3.jpg/120px-La_Vega_Dominican_Republic_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/La_Vega_Dominican_Republic_3.jpg/180px-La_Vega_Dominican_Republic_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/La_Vega_Dominican_Republic_3.jpg/240px-La_Vega_Dominican_Republic_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="793" /></a> <a href="/wiki/La_Vega,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Vega, Dominican Republic">La Vega</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_Campo_Marina,_La_Romana_22000,_Dominican_Republic_-_panoramio_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Romana"><img alt="La Romana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Casa_de_Campo_Marina%2C_La_Romana_22000%2C_Dominican_Republic_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/120px-Casa_de_Campo_Marina%2C_La_Romana_22000%2C_Dominican_Republic_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Casa_de_Campo_Marina%2C_La_Romana_22000%2C_Dominican_Republic_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/180px-Casa_de_Campo_Marina%2C_La_Romana_22000%2C_Dominican_Republic_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Casa_de_Campo_Marina%2C_La_Romana_22000%2C_Dominican_Republic_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/240px-Casa_de_Campo_Marina%2C_La_Romana_22000%2C_Dominican_Republic_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Romana, Dominican Republic">La Romana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Province_(Dominican_Republic)" title="Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)">Santiago</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">771,748 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Vega,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Vega, Dominican Republic">La Vega</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Vega_Province" title="La Vega Province">La Vega</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">282,055 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Romana, Dominican Republic">La Romana</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Romana_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="La Romana Province">La Romana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">270,686 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hig%C3%BCey" title="Higüey">Higüey</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Altagracia_Province" title="La Altagracia Province">La Altagracia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">266,091 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Francisco de Macorís">San Francisco de Macorís</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Province" title="Duarte Province">Duarte</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">217,523 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Pedro de Macorís">San Pedro de Macorís</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs_Province" title="San Pedro de Macorís Province">San Pedro de Macorís</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">202,716 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Plata (city)">Puerto Plata</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Plata_Province" title="Puerto Plata Province">Puerto Plata</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">162,093 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ban%C3%AD,_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Baní, Dominican Republic">Baní</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peravia_Province" title="Peravia Province">Peravia Province</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">158,019 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Altagracia_Province" title="La Altagracia Province">La Altagracia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">148,993 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes">Notes</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> The municipalities belonging to the Commonwealth of the Greater Santo Domingo (Mancomunidad del Gran Santo Domingo) have been included into Santo Domingo's population in this list. These municipalities are: <a href="/wiki/Distrito_Nacional" title="Distrito Nacional">Distrito Nacional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Este" title="Santo Domingo Este">Santo Domingo Este</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Norte" title="Santo Domingo Norte">Santo Domingo Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Oeste" title="Santo Domingo Oeste">Santo Domingo Oeste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Alcarrizos" title="Los Alcarrizos">Los Alcarrizos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica" title="Boca Chica">Boca Chica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Brand" title="Pedro Brand">Pedro Brand</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_de_Guerra" title="San Antonio de Guerra">San Antonio de Guerra</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal,_Dominican_Republic" title="San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic">San Cristóbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bajos_de_Haina" title="Bajos de Haina">Bajos de Haina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Gregorio_de_Nigua" title="San Gregorio de Nigua">San Gregorio de Nigua</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Villa_Hermosa" title="Villa Hermosa">Villa Hermosa</a>'s population has been added to La Romana's population since its belongs to its Metropolitan Area. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Verón-Punta Cana, a township dependent of Higüey in political matters, has been segregated (alongside with coastal Las Lagunas de Nisibón township) from Higüey's population given its large size (over 100,000 inhabitants) and geographical distance from Higüey (50 km), and listed as "Punta Cana", its English most common name. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the Dominican Republic">People of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg/220px-Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg/330px-Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg/440px-Dominican-people-cibao-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Dominican Republic people in the town of <a href="/wiki/Moca,_Espaillat" class="mw-redirect" title="Moca, Espaillat">Moca</a></figcaption></figure> In a 2014 population survey, 70.4% self-identified as mixed (mestizo/indio<a href="#cite_note-162">[b]</a> 58%, <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulatto</a> 12.4%), 15.8% as <a href="/wiki/Afro-Dominican_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Dominican (Dominican Republic)">black</a>, 13.5% as <a href="/wiki/White_Dominicans" title="White Dominicans">white</a>, and 0.3% as "other".<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-163">[158]</a> According to recent <a href="/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test" title="Genealogical DNA test">genealogical DNA studies</a> of the Dominican population, the genetic makeup is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Saharan African">Sub-Saharan African</a>, with a lesser degree of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-Supplementary_Data-164">[159]</a> The average Dominican DNA of the founder population is estimated to be 73% European, 10% Native, and 17% African. After the Haitian and Afro-Caribbean migrations the overall percentage changed to 57% European, 8% Native and 35% African.<a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a> Due to mixed race Dominicans (and most Dominicans in general) being a mix of mainly European and African, with lesser amounts of Indigenous ancestry, they could be described as "<a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a>" or "Tri-racial".<a href="#cite_note-thedominicans.org-166">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> Dominican Republic have several informal terms to loosely describe a person's degree of racial admixture, Mestizo means any type of mixed ancestry unlike in other Latin American countries it describes specifically a European/native mix,<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> Indio describes mixed race people whose skin color is between white and black.<a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> The majority of the Dominican population is tri-racial, with nearly all mixed race individuals having <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> ancestry along with <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Europe" title="Demographics of Europe">European</a> (mainly Spanish) and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">African</a> ancestry. European ancestry in the mixed population typically ranges between 50% and 60% on average, while African ancestry ranges between 30% and 40%, and the Native ancestry usually ranges between 5% and 10%. European and Native ancestry tends to be strongest in cities and towns of the north-central <a href="/wiki/Cibao" title="Cibao">Cibao</a> region, and generally in the mountainous interior of the country. African ancestry is strongest in coastal areas, the southeast plain, and the border regions.<a href="#cite_note-Supplementary_Data-164">[159]</a> Race in Dominican Republic acts as a continuum of white—mulatto—black due to the large amounts of interracial mixing for hundreds of years in Dominican Republic and the Spanish Caribbean in general, allowing for high amounts of genetic diversity.<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican_Republic_people,_San_Francisco_de_Macoris_music_culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dominican_Republic_people%2C_San_Francisco_de_Macoris_music_culture.jpg/220px-Dominican_Republic_people%2C_San_Francisco_de_Macoris_music_culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dominican_Republic_people%2C_San_Francisco_de_Macoris_music_culture.jpg/330px-Dominican_Republic_people%2C_San_Francisco_de_Macoris_music_culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dominican_Republic_people%2C_San_Francisco_de_Macoris_music_culture.jpg/440px-Dominican_Republic_people%2C_San_Francisco_de_Macoris_music_culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Dominican Republic people in Duarte province</figcaption></figure> Dominican Republic's citizenship is given by right of blood (<a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">Jus sanguinis</a>), not right of soil, meaning being born in Dominican Republic does not guarantee citizenship if parents are illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> One would either have to be born in Dominican Republic to parents who are legal citizens or apply for citizenship; citizenship is granted quite easily to people born abroad if they can prove Dominican ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> This means that being a Dominican citizen and being an ethnic Dominican is not always interchangeable, as the former implies citizenship that one can receive moving from any country in the world to Dominican Republic, while the latter implies a people tied by ancestry and culture. Ethnic Dominicans are people who are not only born in Dominican Republic (and have legal status) or born abroad with ancestral roots in the country, but more importantly have family roots in the country going back several generations and descend from a mix of varying degrees of Spanish, Taino, and African, the three principal foundational roots of Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-thedominicans.org-166">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> Nearly all Dominicans are mixed race, with 75% being "visibly" and "evenly" <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Dominicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed Dominicans">mixed</a>, and the remaining 25% being predominantly of African or European blood but still with notable admixture.<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> According to a 2017 estimate from the Dominican government, Dominican Republic had a population of 10,189,895, of which 847,979 were immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants and 9,341,916 were ethnic Dominicans.<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> Most Dominicans embrace all sides of their mixed race heritage, but often identify with their nationality first and foremost. Many Dominicans born in the United States now reside in the Dominican Republic, estimated at around 250,000, creating a kind of expatriate community, whom have growing influence and play a significant role in the economic growth in Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitians</a> make up the largest ethnic immigrant group in the country, a large majority of them are illegal, in a distant second place are the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> Other groups in the country include the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">West Asians</a>—mostly <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">Syrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinians</a>. A smaller, yet significant presence of <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asians</a> (primarily <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">ethnic Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a>) can also be found throughout the population. Dominicans are also composed of <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> that were exiled from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and the Mediterranean area in 1492 and 1497,<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> coupled with other migrations dating to the 1700s<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> contribute to Dominican ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Spanish" title="Dominican Spanish">Dominican Spanish</a></div> The population of the Dominican Republic is mostly <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>-speaking, with the only people who do not speak Spanish fluently being some immigrants. The local <a href="/wiki/Variation_(linguistics)" title="Variation (linguistics)">variant</a> of Spanish is called <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Spanish" title="Dominican Spanish">Dominican Spanish</a>, which closely resembles other Spanish <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernaculars</a> in the Caribbean and has similarities to <a href="/wiki/Canarian_Spanish" title="Canarian Spanish">Canarian Spanish</a>. In addition, it has influences from African languages and borrowed words from <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas#South_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">indigenous Caribbean languages</a> particular to the island of Hispaniola.<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> Schools are based on a Spanish educational model; English and French are mandatory foreign languages in both private and public schools,<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] although the quality of foreign languages teaching is poor.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a> is the largest minority language in the Dominican Republic and is spoken by <a href="/wiki/Haitians" title="Haitians">Haitian</a> immigrants and their descendants.<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a> There is a community of a few thousand people whose ancestors spoke <a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_English" title="Samaná English">Samaná English</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Peninsula" title="Samaná Peninsula">Samaná Peninsula</a>. They are the descendants of formerly enslaved African Americans who arrived in the nineteenth century, but only a few elders speak the language today.<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> Tourism, American pop culture, the influence of <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a>, and the country's economic ties with the United States motivate other Dominicans to learn English. The Dominican Republic is ranked 2nd in Latin America and 23rd in the World on English <a href="/wiki/Language_proficiency" title="Language proficiency">proficiency</a> as a second language.<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">Mother tongue</a> of the Dominican population, 1950 Census<a href="#cite_note-ONE_HistoriaMetodologia-196">[191]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Total %</th> <th>Urban %</th> <th>Rural % </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">98.00</td> <td style="text-align:center;">97.82</td> <td style="text-align:center;">98.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.19</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.39</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.57</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.96</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.09</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.35</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.03</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.10</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other language</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.12</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.35</td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.04 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Religion in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg/220px-Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg/330px-Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg/440px-Bas%C3%ADlica_Menor_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_SD_RD_02_2017_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4201" data-file-height="2765" /></a><figcaption>The Gothic <a href="/wiki/Basilica_Cathedral_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_la_Menor" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor">Cathedral of Santa María la Menor</a>, Santo Domingo, is the oldest cathedral in the Americas, built between 1514 and 1541.</figcaption></figure> 95.0% Christians 2.6% No religion 2.2% Other religions <a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the most widely professed religion in the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-:usirf-2">[2]</a> Historically, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> dominated the religious practices of the country, and as the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official religion</a> of the state it receives financial support from the government.<a href="#cite_note-:usirf-2">[2]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_Republic&action=edit">[update]</a>, 57% of the population (5.7 million) identified themselves as <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a> and 23% (2.3 million) as <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> (in Latin American countries, Protestants are often called Evangelicos because they emphasize personal and public evangelising and many are <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestant">Evangelical Protestant</a> or of a <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> group). From 1896 to 1907 missionaries from the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Methodist">Free Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist">Seventh-day Adventist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moravians" title="Moravians">Moravians</a> churches began work in the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-Religious_Transformations-198">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> Three percent of the 10.63 million Dominican Republic population are Seventh-day Adventists.<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> Recent immigration as well as proselytizing efforts have brought in other religious groups, with the following shares of the population: <a href="/wiki/Spiritist" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritist">Spiritist</a>: 2.2%,<a href="#cite_note-religiousfreedom-201">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>: 1.3%,<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>: 0.1%, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a>: 0.1%,<a href="#cite_note-religiousfreedom-201">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Folk_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Folk Religion">Chinese Folk Religion</a>: 0.1%,<a href="#cite_note-religiousfreedom-201">[196]</a> Islam: 0.02%, Judaism: 0.01%. The Catholic Church began to lose its strong dominance in the late 19th century. This was due to a lack of funding, priests, and support programs. During the same time, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> Evangelicalism began to gain wider support "with their emphasis on personal responsibility and family rejuvenation, economic entrepreneurship, and biblical <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">fundamentalism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> The Dominican Republic has two Catholic patroness saints: Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia (Our Lady Of High Grace) and Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes (Our Lady Of Mercy). The Dominican Republic has historically granted extensive religious freedom. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>, "The constitution specifies that there is no state church and provides for freedom of religion and belief. A concordat with the Vatican designates Catholicism as the official religion and extends special privileges to the Catholic Church not granted to other religious groups. These include the legal recognition of church law, use of public funds to underwrite some church expenses, and complete exoneration from customs duties."<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> In the 1950s restrictions were placed upon churches by the government of Trujillo. Letters of protest were sent against the mass arrests of government adversaries. Trujillo began a campaign against the Catholic Church and planned to arrest priests and bishops who preached against the government. This campaign ended before it was put into place, with his assassination. During World War II a group of Jews escaping <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> fled to the Dominican Republic and founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Sos%C3%BAa" title="Sosúa">Sosúa</a>. It has remained the center of the Jewish population since.<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration_in_the_20th_and_21st_centuries">Immigration in the 20th and 21st centuries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_settlement_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic">Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic">Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic">History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colonia_Japonesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Colonia_Japonesa.jpg/220px-Colonia_Japonesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Colonia_Japonesa.jpg/330px-Colonia_Japonesa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Colonia_Japonesa.jpg/440px-Colonia_Japonesa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Family of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_diaspora" title="Japanese diaspora">Japanese descent</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constanza,_Dominican_Republic" title="Constanza, Dominican Republic">Constanza</a>'s neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_settlement_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic">Colonia Japonesa</a></figcaption></figure> In the 20th century, many <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabs</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Lebanon-migrants-register-206">[201]</a> Japanese, and, to a lesser degree, <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> settled in the country as agricultural laborers and merchants. The Chinese companies found business in telecom, mining, and railroads. The Arab community is rising at an increasing rate and is estimated at 80,000.<a href="#cite_note-Lebanon-migrants-register-206">[201]</a> Immigrant groups in the country include <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Asia">West Asians</a>—mostly <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian people">Syrians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinians</a>; the current president, Luis Abinader, is of Lebanese descent.<a href="#cite_note-Irrizarri-207">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levinson-208">[203]</a> East Asians, <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-migration-209">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic">ethnic Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_settlement_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic">Japanese</a>, can also be found.<a href="#cite_note-Levinson-208">[203]</a> Europeans are represented mostly by <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> whites but also with smaller populations of <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-migration-209">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-migration-209">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a>,<a href="#cite_note-migration-209">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-migration-209">[204]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">Hungarians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Levinson-208">[203]</a> In addition, there are descendants of immigrants who came from other Caribbean islands, including <a href="/wiki/St._Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent (island)">St. Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortola" title="Tortola">Tortola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">St. Croix</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands">St. Thomas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>. They are known locally as <a href="/wiki/Cocolo" title="Cocolo">Cocolos</a>. They worked on sugarcane plantations and docks and settled mainly in the cities of <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Pedro de Macorís">San Pedro de Macorís</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Plata (city)">Puerto Plata</a>. Puerto Rican, and to a lesser extent, Cuban immigrants fled to the Dominican Republic from the mid-1800s until about 1940 due to a poor economy and social unrest in their respective home countries.<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> Many Puerto Rican immigrants settled in <a href="/wiki/Hig%C3%BCey_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Higüey (city)">Higüey</a>, among other cities, and quickly assimilated due to similar culture. Before and during World War II, 800 Jewish refugees moved to the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-SosuaJewishStudies-212">[207]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Numerous immigrants have come from other Caribbean countries, as the country has offered economic opportunities. There are many Haitians and <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelans</a> living in the Dominican Republic, there are the largest immigrant groups in the country currently, and large numbers of both groups are present in the country illegally.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> There is an increasing number of well-off <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a> immigrants, owning businesses and vacation homes in the country, many retiring there, they are believed to number around 10,000.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> Many Europeans and Americans (non-Puerto Rican) are also retiring in the country.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> About 300,000 U.S. citizens reside in Dominican Republic, of which 250,000 are <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a> whom have returned to the country, and 50,000 are Americans of non-Dominican ancestry from the mainland United States and the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2010_Dominican_Republic_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Dominican Republic Census">2010 Census</a> registered 311,969 Haitians; 24,457 Americans; 6,691 Spaniards; 5,763 Puerto Ricans; and 5,132 Venezuelans.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> In 2012, the Dominican government made a survey of immigrants in the country and found that there were: 329,281 <a href="/wiki/Haitians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Haitians in the Dominican Republic">Haitian-born</a>; 25,814 <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">U.S.</a>-born (excluding Puerto Rican-born); 7,062 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a>-born; 6,083 <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a>-born; 5,417 <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan people">Venezuelan</a>-born; 3,841 <a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cuban</a>-born; 3,795 <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a>-born; 3,606 <a href="/wiki/Colombian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian people">Colombian</a>-born; 2,043 <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>-born; 1,661 <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a>-born; 1,484 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic">Chinese-born</a>; among others.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-ONE-221">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> In the second half of 2017, a second survey of foreign population was conducted in the Dominican Republic. The total population in the Dominican Republic was estimated at 10,189,895, of which 9,341,916 were Dominicans with no foreign background. According to the survey, the majority of the people with foreign background were of Haitian origin (751,080 out of 847,979, or 88.6%), breaking down as follows: 497,825 were Haitians born in Haiti, 171,859 Haitians born in the Dominican Republic and 81,590 Dominicans with a Haitian parent. Other main sources of foreign-born population were Venezuela (25,872), the United States (10,016), Spain (7,592), Italy (3,713), <a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">China</a> (3,069), Colombia (2,642), Puerto Rico (2,356), and Cuba (2,024).<a href="#cite_note-ENI-2017-223">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Haitian_immigration">Haitian immigration</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Haitians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Haitians in the Dominican Republic">Haitians in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haiti_deforestation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Haiti_deforestation.jpg/220px-Haiti_deforestation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Haiti_deforestation.jpg/330px-Haiti_deforestation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Haiti_deforestation.jpg/440px-Haiti_deforestation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A satellite image of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Haiti_border" title="Dominican Republic–Haiti border">border</a> between <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> (left) and the Dominican Republic (right), highlighting the <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Haiti" title="Deforestation in Haiti">deforestation on the Haitian side</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominicans_and_Haitians_Braving_the_Weather.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Dominicans_and_Haitians_Braving_the_Weather.jpg/220px-Dominicans_and_Haitians_Braving_the_Weather.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Dominicans_and_Haitians_Braving_the_Weather.jpg/330px-Dominicans_and_Haitians_Braving_the_Weather.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Dominicans_and_Haitians_Braving_the_Weather.jpg/440px-Dominicans_and_Haitians_Braving_the_Weather.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Dominicans and Haitians lined up to attend medical providers from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Reserve">U.S. Army Reserve</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haitian-Dominican_border_in_Grand-Bois,_Cornillon,_Haiti,_June_2017_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Haitian-Dominican_border_in_Grand-Bois%2C_Cornillon%2C_Haiti%2C_June_2017_3.jpg/220px-Haitian-Dominican_border_in_Grand-Bois%2C_Cornillon%2C_Haiti%2C_June_2017_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Haitian-Dominican_border_in_Grand-Bois%2C_Cornillon%2C_Haiti%2C_June_2017_3.jpg/330px-Haitian-Dominican_border_in_Grand-Bois%2C_Cornillon%2C_Haiti%2C_June_2017_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Haitian-Dominican_border_in_Grand-Bois%2C_Cornillon%2C_Haiti%2C_June_2017_3.jpg/440px-Haitian-Dominican_border_in_Grand-Bois%2C_Cornillon%2C_Haiti%2C_June_2017_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>View of border region between the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The border runs horizontally through the middle of the picture.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Too_Many;_50%2B_Haitian_Workers_In_Transit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/One_Too_Many%3B_50%2B_Haitian_Workers_In_Transit.jpg/220px-One_Too_Many%3B_50%2B_Haitian_Workers_In_Transit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/One_Too_Many%3B_50%2B_Haitian_Workers_In_Transit.jpg/330px-One_Too_Many%3B_50%2B_Haitian_Workers_In_Transit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/One_Too_Many%3B_50%2B_Haitian_Workers_In_Transit.jpg/440px-One_Too_Many%3B_50%2B_Haitian_Workers_In_Transit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Haitian workers being transported in <a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a>, the Dominican Republic</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-229">[c]</a> Haiti is the neighboring nation to the Dominican Republic and is considerably poorer, less developed and is additionally the least developed country in the western hemisphere. In 2003, 80% of all Haitians were poor (54% living in abject poverty) and 47.1% were illiterate. The country of nine million people also has a fast growing population, but over two-thirds of the labor force lack formal jobs. Haiti's per capita GDP (PPP) was $1,800 in 2017, or just over one-tenth of the Dominican figure.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a> As a result, hundreds of thousands of Haitians have migrated to the Dominican Republic, with some estimates of 800,000 Haitians in the country,<a href="#cite_note-pinadep-133">[132]</a> while others put the Haitian-born population as high as one million.<a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> They usually work at low-paying and unskilled jobs in building construction and house cleaning and in sugar plantations.<a href="#cite_note-ferguson-232">[226]</a> There have been accusations that some Haitian immigrants work in slavery-like conditions and are severely exploited.<a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a> Due to the lack of basic amenities and medical facilities in Haiti a large number of Haitian women, often arriving with several health problems, cross the border to Dominican soil. They deliberately come during their last weeks of pregnancy to obtain medical attention for childbirth, since Dominican public hospitals do not refuse medical services based on nationality or legal status. Statistics from a hospital in Santo Domingo report that over 22% of childbirths are by Haitian mothers.<a href="#cite_note-LD2008-01-21-234">[228]</a> Haiti also <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Haiti" title="Environmental issues in Haiti">suffers from severe environmental degradation</a>. Deforestation is rampant in Haiti; today less than 4 percent of Haiti's forests remain, and in many places the soil has eroded right down to the bedrock.<a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a> Haitians burn wood charcoal for 60% of their domestic energy production. Because of Haiti running out of plant material to burn, some Haitian bootleggers have created an illegal market for charcoal on the Dominican side. Conservative estimates calculate the illegal movement of 115 tons of charcoal per week from the Dominican Republic to Haiti. Dominican officials estimate that at least 10 trucks per week are crossing the border loaded with charcoal.<a href="#cite_note-236">[230]</a> In 2005, Dominican President Leonel Fernández criticized collective expulsions of Haitians as having taken place "in an abusive and inhuman way".<a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a> After a UN delegation issued a preliminary report stating that it found a profound problem of racism and discrimination against people of Haitian origin, Dominican <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Morales_Troncoso" title="Carlos Morales Troncoso">Carlos Morales Troncoso</a> issued a formal statement denouncing it, asserting that "our border with Haiti has its problems[;] this is our reality and it must be understood. It is important not to confuse national sovereignty with indifference, and not to confuse security with <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>."<a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a> Haitian nationals send half a <a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a> <a href="/wiki/Dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollars">dollars</a> total yearly in remittance from the Dominican Republic to Haiti, according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> The government of the Dominican Republic invested a total of $16 billion pesos in health services offered to foreign patients in 2013–2016, according to official data, which includes medical expenses in blood transfusion, clinical analysis, surgeries and other care.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> According to official reports, the country spends more than five billion Dominican pesos annually in care for pregnant women who cross the border ready to deliver.<a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a> The children of Haitian immigrants are eligible for Haitian nationality,<a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a> but they may be denied it by Haiti because of a lack of proper documents or witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emigration">Emigration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican_Day_Parade_2019_(50335870922).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dominican_Day_Parade_2019_%2850335870922%29.jpg/220px-Dominican_Day_Parade_2019_%2850335870922%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dominican_Day_Parade_2019_%2850335870922%29.jpg/330px-Dominican_Day_Parade_2019_%2850335870922%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Dominican_Day_Parade_2019_%2850335870922%29.jpg/440px-Dominican_Day_Parade_2019_%2850335870922%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="3680" /></a><figcaption>Dominicans in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Day_Parade" title="Dominican Day Parade">Dominican Day Parade</a> in New York City, 2019</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominicans_in_Spain" title="Dominicans in Spain">Dominicans in Spain</a></div> The first of three late-20th century emigration waves began in 1961 after the assassination of dictator Trujillo,<a href="#cite_note-Wilderotter-247">[241]</a> due to fear of retaliation by Trujillo's allies and political uncertainty in general. In 1965, the United States began a military occupation of the Dominican Republic to end a civil war. Upon this, the U.S. eased travel restrictions, making it easier for Dominicans to obtain U.S. visas.<a href="#cite_note-248">[242]</a> From 1966 to 1978, the exodus continued, fueled by high unemployment and political repression. Communities established by the first wave of immigrants to the U.S. created a network that assisted subsequent arrivals.<a href="#cite_note-Annenberg_Foundation-249">[243]</a> In the early 1980s, underemployment, inflation, and the rise in value of the dollar all contributed to a third wave of emigration from the Dominican Republic. Today, emigration from the Dominican Republic remains high.<a href="#cite_note-Annenberg_Foundation-249">[243]</a> In 2012, there were approximately 1.7 million people of Dominican descent in the U.S., counting both native- and foreign-born.<a href="#cite_note-250">[244]</a> There was also a growing <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" title="Dominican Republic immigration to Puerto Rico">Dominican immigration to Puerto Rico</a>, with nearly 70,000 Dominicans living there as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_Republic&action=edit">[update]</a>. Although that number is slowly decreasing and immigration trends have reversed because of Puerto Rico's economic crisis as of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_Republic&action=edit">[update]</a>. There is a significant Dominican population in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-INE2018nacidos-251">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-INE2018nacionalidad-252">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Education in the Dominican Republic">Education in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican_kids_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Dominican_kids_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg/220px-Dominican_kids_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Dominican_kids_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg/330px-Dominican_kids_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Dominican_kids_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg/440px-Dominican_kids_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Kids taking classes</figcaption></figure> Primary education is regulated by the Ministry of Education, with education being a right of all citizens and <a href="/wiki/Youth_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Youth in the Dominican Republic">youth in the Dominican Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[247]</a> Preschool education is organized in different cycles and serves the 2–4 age group and the 4–6 age group. Preschool education is not mandatory except for the last year. Basic education is compulsory and serves the population of the 6–14 age group. Secondary education is not compulsory, although it is the duty of the state to offer it for free. It caters to the 14–18 age group and is organized in a common core of four years and three modes of two years of study that are offered in three different options: general or academic, vocational (industrial, agricultural, and services), and artistic. The higher education system consists of institutes and universities. The institutes offer courses of a higher technical level. The universities offer technical careers, undergraduate and graduate; these are regulated by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology.<a href="#cite_note-254">[248]</a> The Dominican Republic was ranked 97th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024, down from 87th in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-255">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Health in the Dominican Republic">Health in the Dominican Republic</a></div> In 2020, the Dominican Republic had an estimated <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> of 18.5 per 1000 and a <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> of 6.3 per 1000.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Crime in the Dominican Republic">Crime in the Dominican Republic</a></div> In 2012, the Dominican Republic had a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate" title="List of countries by intentional homicide rate">murder rate</a> of 22.1 per 100,000 population.<a href="#cite_note-UNODC-257">[251]</a> There was a total of 2,268 murders in the Dominican Republic in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-UNODC-257">[251]</a> The Dominican Republic has become a trans-shipment point for Colombian drugs destined for Europe as well as the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-258">[252]</a> Money-laundering via the Dominican Republic is favored by Colombian drug cartels for the ease of illicit financial transactions.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> In 2004, it was estimated that 8% of all cocaine smuggled into the United States had come through the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-259">[253]</a> The Dominican Republic responded with increased efforts to seize drug shipments, arrest and extradite those involved, and combat money-laundering. The often-light treatment of violent criminals has been a continuous source of local controversy. In April 2010, five teenagers, aged 15 to 17, shot and killed two taxi drivers and killed another five by forcing them to drink drain-cleaning acid. On September 24, 2010, the teens were sentenced to prison terms of three to five years, despite the protests of the taxi drivers' families.<a href="#cite_note-260">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Culture of the Dominican Republic">Culture of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoryi_Morel_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Yoryi_Morel_02.jpg/200px-Yoryi_Morel_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Yoryi_Morel_02.jpg/300px-Yoryi_Morel_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Yoryi_Morel_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Campesino cibaeño, 1941 (Museo de Arte Moderno, Santo Domingo)</figcaption></figure> Due to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_syncretism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural syncretism">cultural syncretism</a>, the culture and customs of the Dominican people have a <a href="/wiki/European_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="European culture">European cultural basis</a>, influenced by both <a href="/wiki/African_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="African culture">African</a> and native <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> elements, although endogenous elements have emerged within Dominican culture;<a href="#cite_note-EstevaFabregat-261">[255]</a> culturally the Dominican Republic is among the most-European countries in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Culture of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cuba" title="Culture of Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Chile" title="Central Chile">Central Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Argentina" title="Culture of Argentina">Argentina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Uruguay" title="Culture of Uruguay">Uruguay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EstevaFabregat-261">[255]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Spanish institutions in the colonial era were able to predominate in the Dominican culture's making-of as a relative success in the <a href="/wiki/Acculturation" title="Acculturation">acculturation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">cultural assimilation</a> of African slaves slightly diminished African cultural influence in comparison to other Caribbean countries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_and_Convent_Regina_Angelorum_CCSD_07_2018_0762.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Church_and_Convent_Regina_Angelorum_CCSD_07_2018_0762.jpg/220px-Church_and_Convent_Regina_Angelorum_CCSD_07_2018_0762.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Church_and_Convent_Regina_Angelorum_CCSD_07_2018_0762.jpg/330px-Church_and_Convent_Regina_Angelorum_CCSD_07_2018_0762.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Church_and_Convent_Regina_Angelorum_CCSD_07_2018_0762.jpg/440px-Church_and_Convent_Regina_Angelorum_CCSD_07_2018_0762.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Church and Convent, Colonial Santo Domingo</figcaption></figure> The architecture in the Dominican Republic represents a complex blend of diverse cultures. The deep influence of the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> colonists is the most evident throughout the country. Characterized by ornate designs and <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">baroque</a> structures, the style can best be seen in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, which is home to the first cathedral, castle, monastery, and fortress in all of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, located in the city's <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)" title="Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)">Colonial Zone</a>, an area declared as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a> The designs carry over into the villas and buildings throughout the country. It can also be observed on buildings that contain stucco exteriors, arched doors and windows, and red tiled roofs. The indigenous peoples of the Dominican Republic have also had a significant influence on the architecture of the country. The <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> people relied heavily on the mahogany and guano (dried palm tree leaf) to put together crafts, artwork, furniture, and houses. Utilizing mud, thatched roofs, and mahogany trees, they gave buildings and the furniture inside a natural look, seamlessly blending in with the island's surroundings. Lately, with the rise in tourism and increasing popularity as a Caribbean vacation destination, architects in the Dominican Republic have now begun to incorporate cutting-edge designs that emphasize luxury. In many ways an architectural playground, villas and hotels implement new styles, while offering new takes on the old. This new style is characterized by simplified, angular corners and large windows that blend outdoor and indoor spaces. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3></div> Dominican art is perhaps most commonly associated with the bright, vibrant colors and images that are sold in every tourist gift shop across the country. However, the country has a long history of <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a> that goes back to the middle of the 1800s when the country became independent and the beginnings of a national art scene emerged. Historically, the painting of this time were centered around images connected to national independence, historical scenes, portraits but also landscapes and images of still life. Styles of painting ranged between <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romanticism</a>. Between 1920 and 1940 the art scene was influenced by styles of <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionism</a>. Dominican artists were focused on breaking from previous, academic styles in order to develop more independent and individual styles. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Dominican Republic">Literature of the Dominican Republic</a></div> The 20th century brought many prominent Dominican writers, and saw a general increase in the perception of Dominican literature. Writers such as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Juan Bosch (politician)">Juan Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mir" title="Pedro Mir">Pedro Mir</a> (national poet of the Dominican Republic<a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[260]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Aida_Cartagena_Portalatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aida Cartagena Portalatin">Aida Cartagena Portalatin</a>, Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi (the most important Dominican historian, with more than 1000 written works<a href="#cite_note-267">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[264]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Manuel_del_Cabral" title="Manuel del Cabral">Manuel del Cabral</a> (main Dominican poet featured in black poetry<a href="#cite_note-271">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a>), Hector Inchustegui Cabral (considered one of the most prominent voices of the Caribbean social poetry of the twentieth century<a href="#cite_note-273">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a>), Miguel Alfonseca (poet belonging to Generation 60<a href="#cite_note-277">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[272]</a>), Rene del Risco (acclaimed poet who was a participant in the June 14 Movement<a href="#cite_note-279">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[275]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mateo_Morrison" title="Mateo Morrison">Mateo Morrison</a>, among many more prolific authors, put the island in one of the most important in Literature in the twentieth century. New Dominican writers have not yet achieved the renown of their 20th-century counterparts. However, writers such as <a href="/wiki/Frank_B%C3%A1ez" title="Frank Báez">Frank Báez</a> (won the 2006 Santo Domingo Book Fair First Prize) <a href="#cite_note-282">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[277]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junot_D%C3%ADaz" title="Junot Díaz">Junot Díaz</a> (2008 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction" title="Pulitzer Prize for Fiction">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a> for his novel <a href="/wiki/The_Brief_Wondrous_Life_of_Oscar_Wao" title="The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao">The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao</a>)<a href="#cite_note-284">[278]</a> lead Dominican literature in the 21st century. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Music of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romeo_Santos_y_Juan_Luis_Guerra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Romeo_Santos_y_Juan_Luis_Guerra.jpg/220px-Romeo_Santos_y_Juan_Luis_Guerra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Romeo_Santos_y_Juan_Luis_Guerra.jpg/330px-Romeo_Santos_y_Juan_Luis_Guerra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Romeo_Santos_y_Juan_Luis_Guerra.jpg/440px-Romeo_Santos_y_Juan_Luis_Guerra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a>, sung by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Guerra" title="Juan Luis Guerra">Juan Luis Guerra</a> (left), and <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">bachata</a>, sung by <a href="/wiki/Romeo_Santos" title="Romeo Santos">Romeo Santos</a> (right), are two very popular music genres native to the Dominican Republic.</figcaption></figure> Musically, the Dominican Republic is known for the <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">world popular</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical style">musical style</a> and genre called <a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">merengue</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Harvey2006-285">[279]</a>: 376–7  a type of lively, fast-paced rhythm and dance music consisting of a tempo of about 120 to 160 beats per minute (though it varies) based on musical elements like drums, brass, chorded instruments, and accordion, as well as some elements unique to the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tambora_(Dominican_drum)" title="Tambora (Dominican drum)">tambora</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCira" title="Güira">güira</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Syncopation" title="Syncopation">syncopated beats</a> use <a href="/wiki/Latin_percussion" title="Latin percussion">Latin percussion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass instruments">brass instruments</a>, bass, and piano or keyboard. Between 1937 and 1950 merengue music was promoted internationally by Dominican groups like Billo's Caracas Boys, Chapuseaux and Damiron "Los Reyes del Merengue", Joseito Mateo, and others. Radio, television, and international media popularized it further. Some well known merengue performers are <a href="/wiki/Wilfrido_Vargas" title="Wilfrido Vargas">Wilfrido Vargas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ventura" title="Johnny Ventura">Johnny Ventura</a>, singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Los_Hermanos_Rosario" title="Los Hermanos Rosario">Los Hermanos Rosario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Guerra" title="Juan Luis Guerra">Juan Luis Guerra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Villalona" title="Fernando Villalona">Fernando Villalona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddy_Herrera" title="Eddy Herrera">Eddy Herrera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Vargas" title="Sergio Vargas">Sergio Vargas</a>, <a href="/wiki/To%C3%B1o_Rosario" title="Toño Rosario">Toño Rosario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milly_Quezada" title="Milly Quezada">Milly Quezada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chich%C3%AD_Peralta" title="Chichí Peralta">Chichí Peralta</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dominican_Republic_Dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dominican_Republic_Dance.jpg/220px-Dominican_Republic_Dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dominican_Republic_Dance.jpg/330px-Dominican_Republic_Dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Dominican_Republic_Dance.jpg/440px-Dominican_Republic_Dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5746" data-file-height="3535" /></a><figcaption>Dominicans dancing in parade with traditional dress</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a>, a form of music and dance that originated in the countryside and rural marginal neighborhoods of the Dominican Republic, has become quite popular in recent years. Its subjects are often romantic; especially prevalent are tales of heartbreak and sadness. In fact, the original name for the genre was amargue ("bitterness", or "bitter music"), until the rather ambiguous (and mood-neutral) term bachata became popular. Bachata grew out of, and is still closely related to, the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">pan-Latin</a> American romantic style called <a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">bolero</a>. Over time, it has been influenced by merengue and by a variety of Latin American guitar styles. <a href="/wiki/Palo_music" title="Palo music">Palo</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Afro-Dominican_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Dominican (Dominican Republic)">Afro-Dominican</a> sacred music that can be found throughout the island. The drum and human voice are the principal instruments. Palo is played at religious ceremonies—usually coinciding with saints' religious feast days—as well as for secular parties and special occasions. Its roots are in the <a href="/wiki/Congo_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Congo region">Congo region</a> of central-west Africa, but it is mixed with European influences in the melodies.<a href="#cite_note-286">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa music</a> has had a great deal of popularity in the country. During the late 1960s Dominican musicians like <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Pacheco" title="Johnny Pacheco">Johnny Pacheco</a>, creator of the <a href="/wiki/Fania_All_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Fania All Stars">Fania All Stars</a>, played a significant role in the development and popularization of the genre. <a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> are also popular. Many, if not the majority, of its performers are based in Santo Domingo and Santiago. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3></div> The country boasts one of the ten most important design schools in the region, La Escuela de Diseño de Altos de Chavón, which is making the country a key player in the world of fashion and design. Noted fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta" title="Oscar de la Renta">Oscar de la Renta</a> was born in the Dominican Republic in 1932, and became a US citizen in 1971. By 1963, he had designs bearing his own label. After establishing himself in the US, de la Renta opened boutiques across the country.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] His work blends French and Spaniard fashion with American styles.<a href="#cite_note-287">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-britannica_de_la_renta-288">[282]</a> Although he settled in New York, de la Renta also marketed his work in Latin America, where it became very popular, and remained active in his native Dominican Republic, where his charitable activities and personal achievements earned him the Juan Pablo Duarte Order of Merit and the Order of Cristóbal Colón.<a href="#cite_note-britannica_de_la_renta-288">[282]</a> De la Renta died of complications from cancer on October 20, 2014. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dominican_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Dominican Republic">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Dominican Republic">Cuisine of the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChicharronMixto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChicharronMixto.JPG/220px-ChicharronMixto.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChicharronMixto.JPG/330px-ChicharronMixto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChicharronMixto.JPG/440px-ChicharronMixto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Chicharrón mixto, a common dish in the country derived from Andalusia in southern Spain</figcaption></figure> Dominican cuisine is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine#Spanish_regional_variation" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno#Food_and_agriculture" title="Taíno">Taíno</a>, and <a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a> in origin. The typical cuisine is similar to what can be found in other Latin American countries.<a href="#cite_note-289">[283]</a> One breakfast dish consists of eggs and <a href="/wiki/Mang%C3%BA_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangú (dish)">mangú</a> (mashed, boiled plantain). Heartier versions of mangú are accompanied by deep-fried meat (Dominican salami, typically), cheese, or both. Lunch, generally the largest and most important meal of the day, usually consists of rice, meat, beans, and salad. "La Bandera" (literally "The Flag") is the most popular lunch dish; it consists of meat and red beans on white rice. <a href="/wiki/Sancocho" title="Sancocho">Sancocho</a> is a stew often made with seven varieties of meat. Meals tend to favor meats and starches over dairy products and vegetables. Many dishes are made with <a href="/wiki/Sofrito" title="Sofrito">sofrito</a>, which is a mix of local herbs used as a wet rub for meats and sautéed to bring out all of a dish's flavors. Throughout the south-central coast, <a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">bulgur</a>, or whole wheat, is a main ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">quipes or tipili</a> (bulgur salad). Other favorite Dominican foods include <a href="/wiki/Chicharr%C3%B3n" title="Chicharrón">chicharrón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">yuca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tapioca" title="Tapioca">casabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_pastry" title="Cuban pastry">pastelitos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">empanadas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">batata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">ñame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">pasteles en hoja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chimichurris" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimichurris">chimichurris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tostones" title="Tostones">tostones</a>. Some treats Dominicans enjoy are <a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">arroz con leche</a> (or arroz con dulce), <a href="/wiki/Bizcocho_Dominicano" title="Bizcocho Dominicano">bizcocho dominicano</a> (lit. "Dominican cake"), <a href="/wiki/Habichuelas_con_dulce" title="Habichuelas con dulce">habichuelas con dulce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_caramel" title="Crème caramel">flan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_cone" title="Snow cone">frío frío</a> (snow cones), <a href="/wiki/Dulce_de_leche" title="Dulce de leche">dulce de leche</a>, and caña (<a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>). The beverages Dominicans enjoy are <a href="/wiki/Morir_So%C3%B1ando" class="mw-redirect" title="Morir Soñando">Morir Soñando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>, beer, <a href="/wiki/Mama_Juana" title="Mama Juana">Mama Juana</a>,<a href="#cite_note-290">[284]</a> batidas (smoothie), jugos naturales (freshly squeezed fruit juices), <a href="/wiki/Mauby" title="Mauby">mabí</a>, coffee, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaca_(dessert)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaca (dessert) (page does not exist)">chaca</a> (also called maiz caqueao/casqueado, maiz con dulce and maiz con leche), the last item being found only in the southern provinces of the country such as San Juan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_symbols">National symbols</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pereskia_quisqueyana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Pereskia_quisqueyana.JPG/150px-Pereskia_quisqueyana.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Pereskia_quisqueyana.JPG/225px-Pereskia_quisqueyana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Pereskia_quisqueyana.JPG/300px-Pereskia_quisqueyana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Bayahibe rose</figcaption></figure> Some of the Dominican Republic's important symbols are the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Flag of the Dominican Republic">flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic">the coat of arms</a>, and the national anthem, titled <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="National Anthem of the Dominican Republic">Himno Nacional</a>. The flag has a large white cross that divides it into four quarters. Two quarters are red and two are blue. Red represents the blood shed by the liberators. Blue expresses God's protection over the nation. The white cross symbolizes the struggle of the liberators to bequeath future generations a free nation. An alternative interpretation is that blue represents the ideals of progress and liberty, whereas white symbolizes peace and unity among Dominicans.<a href="#cite_note-291">[285]</a> In the center of the cross is the Dominican coat of arms, in the same colors as the national flag. The coat of arms pictures a red, white, and blue flag-draped shield with a Bible, a gold cross, and arrows; the shield is surrounded by an olive branch (on the left) and a palm branch (on the right). The Bible traditionally represents the truth and the light. The gold cross symbolizes the redemption from slavery, and the arrows symbolize the noble soldiers and their proud military. A blue ribbon above the shield reads, "Dios, Patria, Libertad" (meaning "God, Fatherland, Liberty"). A red ribbon under the shield reads, "República Dominicana" (meaning "Dominican Republic"). Out of all the flags in the world, the depiction of a Bible is unique to the Dominican flag. The <a href="/wiki/Floral_emblem" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral emblem">national flower</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pereskia_quisqueyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pereskia quisqueyana">Bayahibe rose</a> (Leuenbergeria quisqueyana) and the <a href="/wiki/National_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="National tree">national tree</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Swietenia_mahagoni" title="Swietenia mahagoni">West Indian mahogany</a> (Swietenia mahagoni).<a href="#cite_note-292">[286]</a> The national bird is the cigua palmera or <a href="/wiki/Palmchat" title="Palmchat">palmchat</a> (Dulus dominicus), another endemic species.<a href="#cite_note-depaul-293">[287]</a> The Dominican Republic celebrates <a href="/wiki/Dia_de_la_Altagracia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dia de la Altagracia">Dia de la Altagracia</a> on January 21 in honor of its patroness, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Duarte" title="Juan Pablo Duarte">Duarte</a>'s Day on January 26 in honor of one of its founding fathers, Independence Day on February 27, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Restoration_War" title="Dominican Restoration War">Restoration Day</a> on August 16, Virgen de las Mercedes on September 24, and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day" title="Constitution Day">Constitution Day</a> on November 6. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in the Dominican Republic">Sports in the Dominican Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Pujols4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Albert_Pujols4.jpg/170px-Albert_Pujols4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Albert_Pujols4.jpg/255px-Albert_Pujols4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Albert_Pujols4.jpg/340px-Albert_Pujols4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2329" data-file-height="3478" /></a><figcaption>Dominican native and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> player <a href="/wiki/Albert_Pujols" title="Albert Pujols">Albert Pujols</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> is by far the most popular sport in the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-Harvey2006-285">[279]</a>: 59  The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Dominican Professional Baseball League">Dominican Professional Baseball League</a> consists of six teams. Its season usually begins in October and ends in January. After the United States, the Dominican Republic has the second-highest number of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) players. <a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Virgil_Sr." title="Ozzie Virgil Sr.">Ozzie Virgil Sr.</a> became the first Dominican-born player in MLB on September 23, 1956. As of 2024, five Dominican-born players—<a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_Beltr%C3%A9" title="Adrián Beltré">Adrián Beltré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Guerrero" title="Vladimir Guerrero">Vladimir Guerrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Marichal" title="Juan Marichal">Juan Marichal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Pedro Martínez">Pedro Martínez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Ortiz" title="David Ortiz">David Ortiz</a>—have been elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[288]</a> Other notable baseball players born in the Dominican Republic are <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bautista" title="José Bautista">José Bautista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Can%C3%B3" title="Robinson Canó">Robinson Canó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rico_Carty" title="Rico Carty">Rico Carty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartolo_Col%C3%B3n" title="Bartolo Colón">Bartolo Colón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Cruz" title="Nelson Cruz">Nelson Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Encarnaci%C3%B3n" title="Edwin Encarnación">Edwin Encarnación</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Javier" title="Cristian Javier">Cristian Javier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubaldo_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Ubaldo Jiménez">Ubaldo Jiménez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Liriano" title="Francisco Liriano">Francisco Liriano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Polanco" title="Plácido Polanco">Plácido Polanco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Pujols" title="Albert Pujols">Albert Pujols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanley_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Hanley Ramírez">Hanley Ramírez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manny_Ram%C3%ADrez" class="mw-redirect" title="Manny Ramírez">Manny Ramírez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Reyes_(infielder)" title="José Reyes (infielder)">José Reyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Soriano" title="Alfonso Soriano">Alfonso Soriano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Sosa" title="Sammy Sosa">Sammy Sosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Soto" title="Juan Soto">Juan Soto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tat%C3%ADs_Jr." title="Fernando Tatís Jr.">Fernando Tatís Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Tejada" title="Miguel Tejada">Miguel Tejada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Framber_Valdez" title="Framber Valdez">Framber Valdez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elly_De_La_Cruz" title="Elly De La Cruz">Elly De La Cruz</a>. <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Alou" title="Felipe Alou">Felipe Alou</a> has also enjoyed success as a manager<a href="#cite_note-295">[289]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Minaya" title="Omar Minaya">Omar Minaya</a> as a general manager. In 2013, the Dominican team went undefeated en route to winning the <a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic" title="World Baseball Classic">World Baseball Classic</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, the country has produced scores of world-class fighters and several world champions,<a href="#cite_note-296">[290]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cruz_(boxer)" title="Carlos Cruz (boxer)">Carlos Cruz</a>, his brother <a href="/wiki/Leo_Cruz" title="Leo Cruz">Leo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guzman_(boxer)" title="Juan Guzman (boxer)">Juan Guzman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Guzman" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Guzman">Joan Guzman</a>. Basketball also enjoys a relatively high level of popularity. <a href="/wiki/Tito_Horford" title="Tito Horford">Tito Horford</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Al_Horford" title="Al Horford">Al</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_L%C3%B3pez_(basketball)" title="Felipe López (basketball)">Felipe Lopez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Garc%C3%ADa_(basketball)" title="Francisco García (basketball)">Francisco Garcia</a> are among the Dominican-born players currently or formerly in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA). Olympic gold medalist and world champion hurdler <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_S%C3%A1nchez_(hurdler)" title="Félix Sánchez (hurdler)">Félix Sánchez</a> hails from the Dominican Republic, as do former <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> <a href="/wiki/Defensive_end" title="Defensive end">defensive end</a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Castillo_(American_football)" title="Luis Castillo (American football)">Luis Castillo</a> and 2020 World and European Cyclo-cross champion <a href="/wiki/Ceylin_del_Carmen_Alvarado" title="Ceylin del Carmen Alvarado">Ceylin del Carmen Alvarado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[291]</a> Other important sports are <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, introduced in 1916 by U.S. Marines and controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Volleyball_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Volleyball Federation">Dominican Volleyball Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Mercedes" title="Gabriel Mercedes">Gabriel Mercedes</a> won an Olympic silver medal in 2008, and <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dominican_Republic" title="Portal:Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Dominican_Republic-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Dominican Republic-related articles">Index of Dominican Republic-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Outline of the Dominican Republic">Outline of the Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of islands of the Dominican Republic">List of islands of the Dominican Republic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_2">Notes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/dəˈmɪnɪkən/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">də-MIN-ik-ən</a>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: República Dominicana, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[reˈpuβlika ðominiˈkana]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b6\/ES-pe_-_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana.ogg\/ES-pe_-_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ES-pe - Rep\u00fablica Dominicana.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/ES-pe_-_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana.ogg/ES-pe_-_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:ES-pe_-_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana.ogg" title="File:ES-pe - República Dominicana.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> The term "indio" in the Dominican Republic is not associated with people of indigenous ancestry but people of mixed ancestry or skin color between light and dark </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">Illegal immigration</a> from Haiti has resulted in government action. Immigration from Haiti has increased tensions between Dominicans and Haitians.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> The Dominican Republic is also home to 114,050 illegal immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIADemo-4">[4]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.one.gob.do/media/rmfhr5tj/cuadro-12-volumen-iii.xlsx">"REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA: Población de 12 años y más, por percepción del informante acerca de las facciones, color de piel y otras características culturales de los miembros del hogar, según región, provincia y grupos de edades"</a>. one.gob.do. September 30, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=one.gob.do&rft.atitle=REP%C3%9ABLICA+DOMINICANA%3A+Poblaci%C3%B3n+de+12+a%C3%B1os+y+m%C3%A1s%2C+por+percepci%C3%B3n+del+informante+acerca+de+las+facciones%2C+color+de+piel+y+otras+caracter%C3%ADsticas+culturales+de+los+miembros+del+hogar%2C+seg%C3%BAn+regi%C3%B3n%2C+provincia+y+grupos+de+edades&rft.date=2024-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.one.gob.do%2Fmedia%2Frmfhr5tj%2Fcuadro-12-volumen-iii.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:usirf-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:usirf_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:usirf_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:usirf_2-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/dominican-republic/">International Religious Freedom Report 2022 Dominican Republic</a>, US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoorda2016" class="citation book cs1">Roorda, Eric Paul (April 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA239">Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810879065" title="Special:BookSources/9780810879065"><bdi>9780810879065</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005659/https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA239#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved December 20, 2017 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.isbn=9780810879065&rft.aulast=Roorda&rft.aufirst=Eric+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAozPCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIADemo-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIADemo_4-22">w</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/">"Central America :: Dominican Republic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730042746/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Central+America+%3A%3A+Dominican+Republic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fdominican-republic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoyaPons-18AGO1863-5"><a href="#cite_ref-MoyaPons-18AGO1863_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="En_este_ambiente_de_agravios,_lpa_revolución_para_restaurar_la_República_estalló_el_16_de_agosto_de_1863_en_un_poblado_de_la_frontera_norte_con_Haití_y_recibió_amplio_apoyo_en_toda_la_región_del_Cibao,_como_era_conocida_el_norte_del_país,_desafecto_a_Santana_por_muchas_razones._Campesinos_y_comerciantes_tenían_sobrados_motivos_para_aborrecerlo_y_España_no_había_cumplido_con_las_expectativas_soñadas_por_los_dominicanos._En_poco_No,_el_país_se_dividió_en_dos:_los_españoles_sostenían_las_regiones_sur_y_este_con_Santo_Domingo_de_capital,_y_todo_el_norte_defendía_la_restauración,_con_Santiago_a_la_cabeza." class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&q=Espa%C3%B1a">Historia de la República Dominicana</a>. 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Kacike (Special). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1562-5028">1562-5028</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consortia.si.edu/sites/default/files/MartinezCruzado2002_0.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 5, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kacike&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Mitochondrial+DNA+to+Discover+Pre-Columbian+Migrations+to+the+Caribbean%3A+Results+for+Puerto+Rico+and+Expectations+for+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.issue=Special&rft.date=2002-12&rft.issn=1562-5028&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+Cruzado&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconsortia.si.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FMartinezCruzado2002_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003341-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003341_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003341_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheina2003">Scheina 2003</a>, p. 341. </li> <li id="cite_note-google48-54"><a href="#cite_ref-google48_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1997" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Franklin W., ed. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppGJBmQVJjEC&pg=PR2">General history of the Caribbean</a> (1. publ. ed.). London: Unesco. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103146-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103146-5"><bdi>978-92-3-103146-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111004217/https://books.google.com/books?id=ppGJBmQVJjEC&pg=PR2#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+history+of+the+Caribbean&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Unesco&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-92-3-103146-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppGJBmQVJjEC%26pg%3DPR2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/3.htm">"Dominican Republic – THE FIRST COLONY"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213213711/http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2010. Retrieved August 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dominican+Republic+%E2%80%93+THE+FIRST+COLONY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fdominican-republic%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003342-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003342_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheina2003">Scheina 2003</a>, p. 342. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethell1986-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Bethell1986_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._Hoetink1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">H. Hoetink (May 29, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X4axAmBS-7wC&pg=PA287">"The Dominican Republic c. 1870–930"</a>. In Leslie Bethell (ed.). The Cambridge History of Latin America. Vol. V, Circa 1870 to 1930. Cambridge University Press. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24517-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24517-3"><bdi>978-0-521-24517-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111004150/https://books.google.com/books?id=X4axAmBS-7wC&pg=PA287#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved October 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dominican+Republic+c.+1870%E2%80%93930&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Latin+America&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986-05-29&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24517-3&rft.au=H.+Hoetink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX4axAmBS-7wC%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guitar-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guitar_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guitar_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuitar" class="citation web cs1">Guitar, Lynne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070601040005/http://www.hispaniola.com/dominican_republic/info/history.php">"History of the Dominican Republic"</a>. Hola.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hispaniola.com/dominican_republic/info/history.php">the original</a> on June 1, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.pub=Hola.com&rft.aulast=Guitar&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hispaniola.com%2Fdominican_republic%2Finfo%2Fhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003343-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003343_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003343_59-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheina2003">Scheina 2003</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-pons-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pons_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pons_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoya_Pons1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moya_Pons" title="Frank Moya Pons">Moya Pons, Frank</a> (1998). The Dominican Republic: A National History (August 1, 1998 ed.). Markus Wiener Publishers; 2nd edition. p. 543. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55876-191-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55876-191-9"><bdi>978-1-55876-191-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dominican+Republic%3A+A+National+History&rft.pages=543&rft.edition=August+1%2C+1998&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishers%3B+2nd+edition&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-55876-191-9&rft.aulast=Moya+Pons&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialzone-dr.com/people_history-sanchez.html">Francisco del Rosario Sánchez One of the Padres de la Patria / Fathers of the Patriotism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024184605/http://www.colonialzone-dr.com/people_history-sanchez.html">Archived</a> October 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Colonial Zone-Dominican Republic (DR) – Retrieved November 3, 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bethell-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Bethell_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBethell1984" class="citation book cs1">Bethell, Leslie (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0000beth">The Cambridge History of Latin America: Volume 3</a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0000beth/page/267">267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Latin+America%3A+Volume+3&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Bethell&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgehistory0000beth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003344-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003344_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheina2003">Scheina 2003</a>, p. 344. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaur1949" class="citation journal cs1">Baur, John E. (October 1949). "Faustin Soulouque, Emperor of Haiti His Character and His Reign". The Americas. 6 (2): 143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F978436">10.2307/978436</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1615">0003-1615</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/978436">978436</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:210429049">210429049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Americas&rft.atitle=Faustin+Soulouque%2C+Emperor+of+Haiti+His+Character+and+His+Reign&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=143&rft.date=1949-10&rft.issn=0003-1615&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A210429049%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F978436%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F978436&rft.aulast=Baur&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittellLittell1850" class="citation web cs1">Littell, Eliakim; Littell, Robert S. (September 4, 1850). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A1dIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA127">"Littell's Living Age"</a>. T. H. Carter & Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010516/https://books.google.com/books?id=A1dIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA127#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Littell%27s+Living+Age&rft.pub=T.+H.+Carter+%26+Company&rft.date=1850-09-04&rft.aulast=Littell&rft.aufirst=Eliakim&rft.au=Littell%2C+Robert+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA1dIAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003347-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003347_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003347_66-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheina2003">Scheina 2003</a>, p. 347. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulmerSolomos2014" class="citation book cs1">Bulmer, Martin; Solomos, John, eds. (2014). Gender, Race and Religion: Intersections and Challenges. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender%2C+Race+and+Religion%3A+Intersections+and+Challenges&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Nach_Mback2003" class="citation book cs1">Charles Nach Mback (March 26, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XuWdtKnKz4gC">Haïti République Dominicaine-Une Île pour deux (1804–1916)</a>. KARTHALA Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782811137113" title="Special:BookSources/9782811137113"><bdi>9782811137113</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010142/https://books.google.com/books?id=XuWdtKnKz4gC">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. 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November 28, 1863. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111173614/http://www.nytimes.com/1863/11/28/news/the-insurrection-in-hayti-translation-of-the-declaration-of-independence.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+INSURRECTION+IN+HAYTI.%3B+Translation+of+the+Declaration+of+Independence.&rft.date=1863-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1863%2F11%2F28%2Fnews%2Fthe-insurrection-in-hayti-translation-of-the-declaration-of-independence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1863/11/02/archives/the-santo-domingo-rebellion-full-details-of-the-insurrectionthe.html">"The Santo Domingo Rebellion: Full Details of the Insurrection – The Burning and Sacking of Puerto Plate"</a>. The New York Times. November 2, 1863. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706183846/https://www.nytimes.com/1863/11/02/archives/the-santo-domingo-rebellion-full-details-of-the-insurrectionthe.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Santo+Domingo+Rebellion%3A+Full+Details+of+the+Insurrection+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3BThe+Burning+and+Sacking+of+Puerto+Plate.&rft.date=1863-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1863%2F11%2F02%2Farchives%2Fthe-santo-domingo-rebellion-full-details-of-the-insurrectionthe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jan-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Jan_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1864/01/20/archives/from-st-domingo-the-capture-of-azuaoperations-of-the-dominican.html">"From St. Domingo; The Capture of Azua – Operations of the Dominican Guerrillas – The Spaniards Defeated in two Battles – The Spanish Prospect Unfavorable"</a>. 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January 20, 1864.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=From+St.+Domingo%3B+The+Capture+of+Azua+%E2%80%93+Operations+of+the+Dominican+Guerrillas+%E2%80%93+The+Spaniards+Defeated+in+two+Battles+%E2%80%93+The+Spanish+Prospect+Unfavorable.&rft.date=1864-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1864%2F01%2F20%2Farchives%2Ffrom-st-domingo-the-capture-of-azuaoperations-of-the-dominican.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003348-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003348_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheina2003">Scheina 2003</a>, p. 348. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheina2003349-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003349_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheina2003349_73-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFScheina2003">Scheina 2003</a>, p. 349. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017306-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017306_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClodfelter2017">Clodfelter 2017</a>, p. 306. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaugh2009" class="citation book cs1">Waugh, Joan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AnH6-AlKACUC&pg=PA137">U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNC_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="UNC Press">UNC Press</a>. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3317-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3317-9"><bdi>978-0-8078-3317-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005233/https://books.google.com/books?id=AnH6-AlKACUC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Grant%3A+American+Hero%2C+American+Myth&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=UNC+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-3317-9&rft.aulast=Waugh&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAnH6-AlKACUC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHidalgo1997" class="citation journal cs1">Hidalgo, Dennis (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/277925">"Charles Sumner and the Annexation of the Dominican Republic"</a>. Itinerario. 21 (2): 51–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0165115300022841">10.1017/S0165115300022841</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163872610">163872610</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816001342/https://www.academia.edu/277925">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Itinerario&rft.atitle=Charles+Sumner+and+the+Annexation+of+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=51-66&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0165115300022841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163872610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hidalgo&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F277925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Treaties.htm#5">"U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Origins & Development > Powers & Procedures > Treaties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073857/http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Treaties.htm#5">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+Art+%26+History+Home+%3E+Origins+%26+Development+%3E+Powers+%26+Procedures+%3E+Treaties&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2FTreaties.htm%235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsLarman_Curtis_Wilson1998" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, G. Pope; Larman Curtis Wilson (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MkBlfCf8I-YC&pg=PA27">The Dominican Republic and the United States: From Imperialism to Transnationalism</a>. University of Georgia Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1931-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-1931-5"><bdi>978-0-8203-1931-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005233/https://books.google.com/books?id=MkBlfCf8I-YC&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dominican+Republic+and+the+United+States%3A+From+Imperialism+to+Transnationalism&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-1931-5&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=G.+Pope&rft.au=Larman+Curtis+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMkBlfCf8I-YC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-countrystudies-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countrystudies_79-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/8.htm">"Dominican Republic – Ulises Heureaux, 1882–99"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>; Federal Research Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923042018/http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/8.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2006. Retrieved December 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dominican+Republic+%E2%80%93+Ulises+Heureaux%2C+1882%E2%80%9399&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%3B+Federal+Research+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fdominican-republic%2F8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangley2002" class="citation book cs1">Langley, Lester D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xc1RBfZd3pcC&pg=PA20">The Banana Wars</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-5047-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-5047-0"><bdi>978-0-8420-5047-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005339/https://books.google.com/books?id=Xc1RBfZd3pcC&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. 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Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30314-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-30314-2"><bdi>0-313-30314-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41256263">41256263</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+customs+of+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41256263&rft.isbn=0-313-30314-2&rft.au=Brown%2C+Isabel+Zakrzewski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928033911/http://www.abreureport.com/2015/08/the-dominican-republic-and-its-arab.html">"The Dominican Republic and its Arab Assimilation"</a>. 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Country Studies. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>; Federal Research Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706222617/http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/9.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved October 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Country+Studies&rft.atitle=Dominican+Republic+%E2%80%93+Renewed+conflict%2C+1899%E2%80%931916&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fdominican-republic%2F9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-congress-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-congress_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-congress_85-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/10.htm">"Dominican Republic: Occupation by the United States, 1916–1924"</a>. Country Studies. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>; Federal Research Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213215941/http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/10.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2010. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/country/dominican-republic/">the original</a> on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Global+Slavery+Index+2016&rft.atitle=Dominican+Republic&rft.au=Kevin+Bales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalslaveryindex.org%2Fcountry%2Fdominican-republic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.foxnews.com/v/5456337243001/?#sp=show-clips">"Dominican Republic sugar cane slave ring exposed by priest"</a>. Fox News. June 1, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042839/http://video.foxnews.com/v/5456337243001/#sp=show-clips">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dominican+Republic+sugar+cane+slave+ring+exposed+by+priest&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.foxnews.com%2Fv%2F5456337243001%2F%3F%23sp%3Dshow-clips&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnham" class="citation web cs1">Turnham, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/anderson.cooper.360/blog/2006/12/is-sugar-production-modern-day-slavery.html">"Is sugar production modern day slavery?"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313214127/http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/anderson.cooper.360/blog/2006/12/is-sugar-production-modern-day-slavery.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Is+sugar+production+modern+day+slavery%3F&rft.aulast=Turnham&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2FCNN%2FPrograms%2Fanderson.cooper.360%2Fblog%2F2006%2F12%2Fis-sugar-production-modern-day-slavery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-XE-142"><a href="#cite_ref-XE_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/currency/dop-dominican-peso">"(DOP/USD) Dominican Republic Pesos to United States Dollars Rate"</a>. XE.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201172420/http://www.xe.com/currency/dop-dominican-peso">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28DOP%2FUSD%29+Dominican+Republic+Pesos+to+United+States+Dollars+Rate&rft.pub=XE.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xe.com%2Fcurrency%2Fdop-dominican-peso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988">, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=DOP&To=JPY&image.x=39&image.y=9&image=Submit">"Peso to Yen"</a>. XE.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903220409/http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=DOP&To=JPY&image.x=39&image.y=9&image=Submit">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peso+to+Yen&rft.pub=XE.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xe.com%2Fcurrencyconverter%2Fconvert%2F%3FAmount%3D1%26From%3DDOP%26To%3DJPY%26image.x%3D39%26image.y%3D9%26image%3DSubmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/ucc/convert.cgi?Amount=1&From=DOP&To=EUR&image.x=18&image.y=6&image=Submit">"Peso to Euro"</a>. XE.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peso+to+Euro&rft.pub=XE.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xe.com%2Fucc%2Fconvert.cgi%3FAmount%3D1%26From%3DDOP%26To%3DEUR%26image.x%3D18%26image.y%3D6%26image%3DSubmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=DOP">"XE: Convert USD/DOP. United States Dollar to Dominican Republic Peso"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902220903/https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=DOP">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=XE%3A+Convert+USD%2FDOP.+United+States+Dollar+to+Dominican+Republic+Peso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xe.com%2Fcurrencyconverter%2Fconvert%2F%3FAmount%3D1%26From%3DUSD%26To%3DDOP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SD-stats-144"><a href="#cite_ref-SD-stats_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023429/http://opret.gob.do/Documentos/Estad%C3%ADsticas%20Institucionales/Estad%C3%ADsticas%20de%20peaje%20y%20tiempo%20de%20recorrido%20al%202013.pdf">"Estadísticas de peaje y tiempo de recorrido al 2013"</a> [Statistics of tolls and times of route 2013] (PDF). opret.gob.do (in Spanish). September 2013. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opret.gob.do/Documentos/Estad%C3%ADsticas%20Institucionales/Estad%C3%ADsticas%20de%20peaje%20y%20tiempo%20de%20recorrido%20al%202013.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opret.gob.do&rft.atitle=Estad%C3%ADsticas+de+peaje+y+tiempo+de+recorrido+al+2013&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopret.gob.do%2FDocumentos%2FEstad%25C3%25ADsticas%2520Institucionales%2FEstad%25C3%25ADsticas%2520de%2520peaje%2520y%2520tiempo%2520de%2520recorrido%2520al%25202013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LD2009-06-05-145"><a href="#cite_ref-LD2009-06-05_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116214535/http://listindiario.com/la-republica/2009/6/4/103567/Dice-el-806-por-ciento-de-los-dominicanos-tiene-telefonos">"Dice el 80,6 por ciento de los dominicanos tiene teléfonos"</a> [80.6 percent of Dominicans have phones] (in Spanish). listindiario.com. June 5, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://listindiario.com/app/article.aspx?id=103567">the original</a> on January 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dice+el+80%2C6+por+ciento+de+los+dominicanos+tiene+tel%C3%A9fonos&rft.pub=listindiario.com&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flistindiario.com%2Fapp%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D103567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110226134642/http://www.indotel.gob.do/component/option%2Ccom_docman/task%2Ccat_view/gid%2C110/Itemid%2C757">"Indicadores Telefonicos 2009"</a>. Indotel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indotel.gob.do/component/option,com_docman/task,cat_view/gid,110/Itemid,757">the original</a> on February 26, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indotel&rft.atitle=Indicadores+Telefonicos+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indotel.gob.do%2Fcomponent%2Foption%2Ccom_docman%2Ftask%2Ccat_view%2Fgid%2C110%2FItemid%2C757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=175919">Indotel garantiza igualdad de género en proyectos tecnológicos realiza en todo el país</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503184609/http://elnuevodiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=175919">Archived</a> May 3, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. elnuevodiario.com.do. November 16, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-DT2009-04-29-148"><a href="#cite_ref-DT2009-04-29_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015215308/http://www.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2009/4/29/31837/Dominican-Republic-north-south-power-grid-almost-finished-Correct">"Dominican Republic north-south power grid almost finished (Correct)"</a>. Dominican Today. April 29, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2009/4/29/31837/Dominican-Republic-north-south-power-grid-almost-finished-Correct">the original</a> on October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dominican+Today&rft.atitle=Dominican+Republic+north-south+power+grid+almost+finished+%28Correct%29&rft.date=2009-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dominicantoday.com%2Fdr%2Feconomy%2F2009%2F4%2F29%2F31837%2FDominican-Republic-north-south-power-grid-almost-finished-Correct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DT2006-06-01-149"><a href="#cite_ref-DT2006-06-01_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603233719/http://www2.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2009/6/1/32173/Dominican-Government-hints-at-blackout-to-justify-electricity-hike">"Dominican Government hints at blackout to justify electricity hike"</a>. Dominican Today. June 1, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2009/6/1/32173/Dominican-Government-hints-at-blackout-to-justify-electricity-hike">the original</a> on June 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dominican+Today&rft.atitle=Dominican+Government+hints+at+blackout+to+justify+electricity+hike&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.dominicantoday.com%2Fdr%2Feconomy%2F2009%2F6%2F1%2F32173%2FDominican-Government-hints-at-blackout-to-justify-electricity-hike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117175316/http://www.cdeee.gov.do/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=791%3Aedesur-agrega-3500-familias-a-24-horas-de-luz&catid=6%3Anoticias&Itemid=2">EDESUR agrega 3,500 familias a 24 Horas de Luz</a>. Cdeee.gov.do. Retrieved on September 22, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-LD2007-04-11-151"><a href="#cite_ref-LD2007-04-11_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927025602/http://listin.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=9006">"Los apagones toman fuerza en circuitos de barrios PRA"</a> [Blackouts are intensifying in neighborhood power sectors] (in Spanish). April 11, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://listin.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=9006">the original</a> on September 27, 2007. Retrieved May 24, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Los+apagones+toman+fuerza+en+circuitos+de+barrios+PRA&rft.date=2007-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flistin.com.do%2Fapp%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D9006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-152"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-153"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm">"World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations"</a>. population.un.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">the original</a> on May 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=population.un.org&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+-+Population+Division+-+United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPP_2012-155"><a href="#cite_ref-WPP_2012_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105191712/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2012_Volume-II-Demographic-Profiles.pdf">"World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision"</a> (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2013. p. 254. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2012_Volume-II-Demographic-Profiles.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 5, 2016. 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Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Caribbean+Amerindian+History+and+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Not+Everyone+Who+Speaks+Spanish+is+from+Spain%3A+Taino+Survival+in+the+21st+Century+Dominican+Republic&rft.date=2002-01&rft.aulast=Ferbel-Azcarate&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdxscholar.library.pdx.edu%2Fblack_studies_fac%2F22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedominicans.org/2022/05/11/differences-in-labels-between-the-united-states-and-the-dominican-republic/">"Differences in Labels between the United States and the Dominican Republic"</a>. May 11, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114192905/https://thedominicans.org/2022/05/11/differences-in-labels-between-the-united-states-and-the-dominican-republic/">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Differences+in+Labels+between+the+United+States+and+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.date=2022-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedominicans.org%2F2022%2F05%2F11%2Fdifferences-in-labels-between-the-united-states-and-the-dominican-republic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dominicanrepublic.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20ENI-2017_FINAL.pdf#page=48">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604105824/https://dominicanrepublic.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20ENI-2017_FINAL.pdf#page=48">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdominicanrepublic.unfpa.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpub-pdf%2FResumen%2520Ejecutivo%2520ENI-2017_FINAL.pdf%23page%3D48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110225044115/http://www.aca.ch/amabroad.pdf">"American Citizens Living Abroad by Country"</a> (PDF). US State Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aca.ch/amabroad.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on February 25, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Citizens+Living+Abroad+by+Country&rft.pub=US+State+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aca.ch%2Famabroad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kmhub.iom.int/sites/default/files/dominica%202018.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223211635/https://kmhub.iom.int/sites/default/files/dominica%202018.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkmhub.iom.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdominica%25202018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariolibre.com/actualidad/politica/diaspora-dominicana-equilibro-de-aqui-y-alla-EI4965431">"Diáspora dominicana: El equilibrio del aquí y el allá Diáspora dominicana: Equilibro de aquí y allá"</a>. September 19, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111005235/https://www.diariolibre.com/actualidad/politica/diaspora-dominicana-equilibro-de-aqui-y-alla-EI4965431">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Di%C3%A1spora+dominicana%3A+El+equilibrio+del+aqu%C3%AD+y+el+all%C3%A1+Di%C3%A1spora+dominicana%3A+Equilibro+de+aqu%C3%AD+y+all%C3%A1&rft.date=2016-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariolibre.com%2Factualidad%2Fpolitica%2Fdiaspora-dominicana-equilibro-de-aqui-y-alla-EI4965431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariolibre.com/usa/actualidad/2022/10/27/vinculos-de-la-diaspora-y-el-desarrollo-de-rd/2122099">"Llaman a crear vínculos "más efectivos" con la diáspora para el desarrollo de RD"</a>. October 27, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102144325/https://www.diariolibre.com/usa/actualidad/2022/10/27/vinculos-de-la-diaspora-y-el-desarrollo-de-rd/2122099">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Llaman+a+crear+v%C3%ADnculos+%22m%C3%A1s+efectivos%22+con+la+di%C3%A1spora+para+el+desarrollo+de+RD&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariolibre.com%2Fusa%2Factualidad%2F2022%2F10%2F27%2Fvinculos-de-la-diaspora-y-el-desarrollo-de-rd%2F2122099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080312093852/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37018">"DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Deport Thy (Darker-Skinned) Neighbour"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37018">the original</a> on March 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOMINICAN+REPUBLIC%3A+Deport+Thy+%28Darker-Skinned%29+Neighbour&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsnews.net%2Fnews.asp%3Fidnews%3D37018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/migracion/inmigracion/republica-dominicana">"República Dominicana - Inmigración 2017"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401191751/https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/migracion/inmigracion/republica-dominicana">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana+-+Inmigraci%C3%B3n+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatosmacro.expansion.com%2Fdemografia%2Fmigracion%2Finmigracion%2Frepublica-dominicana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Inquisition.html">"The Exile of the Jews due to the Spanish Inquisition"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813044820/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Inquisition.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Exile+of+the+Jews+due+to+the+Spanish+Inquisition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHistory%2FInquisition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_05317.html">"Jews migration in the 1700s"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002132606/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_05317.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jews+migration+in+the+1700s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fjudaica%2Fejud_0002_0005_0_05317.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/sosua.html">"Jews migration to the Dominican Republic to seek refuge from the Holocaust"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113041300/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/sosua.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jews+migration+to+the+Dominican+Republic+to+seek+refuge+from+the+Holocaust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHolocaust%2Fsosua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130626162005/http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-M/santo-domingo/EncJud_juden-in-Santo-Domingo-ENGL.html">"A partial, brief summary of Jews in the Dominican Republic"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/am-M/santo-domingo/EncJud_juden-in-Santo-Domingo-ENGL.html">the original</a> on June 26, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+partial%2C+brief+summary+of+Jews+in+the+Dominican+Republic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geschichteinchronologie.ch%2Fam-M%2Fsanto-domingo%2FEncJud_juden-in-Santo-Domingo-ENGL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001221327/https://www.biblediscovered.com/jewish-hebrew-people-in-the-world/dominican-republic-jews-2/">"Dominican Republic-Jews"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblediscovered.com/jewish-hebrew-people-in-the-world/dominican-republic-jews-2/">the original</a> on October 1, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dominican+Republic-Jews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblediscovered.com%2Fjewish-hebrew-people-in-the-world%2Fdominican-republic-jews-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenríquez_Ureña1940" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Henr%C3%ADquez_Ure%C3%B1a" title="Pedro Henríquez Ureña">Henríquez Ureña, Pedro</a> (1940). El Español en Santo Domingo (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Instituto de Filología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Espa%C3%B1ol+en+Santo+Domingo&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Instituto+de+Filolog%C3%ADa+de+la+Universidad+de+Buenos+Aires&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Henr%C3%ADquez+Ure%C3%B1a&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeive,_Carlos_Esteban2002" class="citation book cs1">Deive, Carlos Esteban (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tLTyydkMtrIC&q=El%20%22Espa%C3%B1ol%20Dominicano%22&pg=PA9">Diccionario de dominicanismos</a>. Santo Domingo: Librería La Trinitaria. pp. 9–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9993439073" title="Special:BookSources/978-9993439073"><bdi>978-9993439073</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010041/https://books.google.com/books?id=tLTyydkMtrIC&q=El%20%22Espa%C3%B1ol%20Dominicano%22&pg=PA9#v=snippet&q=El%20%22Espa%C3%B1ol%20Dominicano%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved October 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+dominicanismos&rft.place=Santo+Domingo&rft.pages=9-16&rft.pub=Librer%C3%ADa+La+Trinitaria&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-9993439073&rft.au=Deive%2C+Carlos+Esteban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtLTyydkMtrIC%26q%3DEl%2520%2522Espa%25C3%25B1ol%2520Dominicano%2522%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110803222706/http://www.see.gob.do/documentosminerd/Desarrollo%20Curricular/guia-didac-inicial.pdf">Guía Didáctica. Inicial</a> (PDF). Vol. I. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99934-43-26-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-99934-43-26-1"><bdi>978-99934-43-26-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.see.gob.do/documentosminerd/Desarrollo%20Curricular/guia-didac-inicial.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 3, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%ADa+Did%C3%A1ctica.+Inicial&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-99934-43-26-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.see.gob.do%2Fdocumentosminerd%2FDesarrollo%2520Curricular%2Fguia-didac-inicial.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApolinar2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Apolinar, Bethania (August 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.listindiario.com/la-republica/2015/08/02/382666/ensenanza-del-ingles-es-pobre-en-escuelas">"Enseñanza del inglés es "pobre" en escuelas"</a> [Teaching of English is "poor" in schools] (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Listin Diario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630062446/http://www.listindiario.com/la-republica/2015/08/02/382666/ensenanza-del-ingles-es-pobre-en-escuelas">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ense%C3%B1anza+del+ingl%C3%A9s+es+%22pobre%22+en+escuelas&rft.place=Santo+Domingo&rft.pub=Listin+Diario&rft.date=2015-08-02&rft.aulast=Apolinar&rft.aufirst=Bethania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.listindiario.com%2Fla-republica%2F2015%2F08%2F02%2F382666%2Fensenanza-del-ingles-es-pobre-en-escuelas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerPrys_Jones1998" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Colin; Prys Jones, Sylvia, eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC&pg=PA389">Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education</a>. Multilingual Matters. p. 389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-362-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-362-8"><bdi>978-1-85359-362-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010146/https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC&pg=PA389#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Bilingualism+and+Bilingual+Education&rft.pages=389&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85359-362-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYgtSqB9oqDIC%26pg%3DPA389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Martha_Ellen2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Ellen_Davis_(ethnomusicologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Ellen Davis (ethnomusicologist)">Davis, Martha Ellen</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/248798261/La-Historia-de-Los-Inmigrantes-Afro-Americanos-y-Sus-Iglesias-en-Samana-Segun-El-Reverendo-Nehemiah-Willmore">"La Historia de Los Inmigrantes Afro-Americanos Y Sus Iglesias En Samaná Según El Reverendo Nehemiah Willmore"</a>. Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación. 36 (129): 237–45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123032641/https://www.scribd.com/doc/248798261/La-Historia-de-Los-Inmigrantes-Afro-Americanos-y-Sus-Iglesias-en-Samana-Segun-El-Reverendo-Nehemiah-Willmore">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+del+Archivo+General+de+la+Naci%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=La+Historia+de+Los+Inmigrantes+Afro-Americanos+Y+Sus+Iglesias+En+Saman%C3%A1+Seg%C3%BAn+El+Reverendo+Nehemiah+Willmore.&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=129&rft.pages=237-45&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Davis%2C+Martha+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F248798261%2FLa-Historia-de-Los-Inmigrantes-Afro-Americanos-y-Sus-Iglesias-en-Samana-Segun-El-Reverendo-Nehemiah-Willmore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b/">Which countries are best at English as a second language?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808153745/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b/">Archived</a> August 8, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>. Retrieved on July 10, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ef.com/wwpt/epi/regions/latin-america/dominican-republic/">EF English Proficiency Index – Dominican Republic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601204553/http://www.ef.com/wwpt/epi/regions/latin-america/dominican-republic/">Archived</a> June 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/EF_Education_First" title="EF Education First">EF Education First</a>. Retrieved on July 10, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-ONE_HistoriaMetodologia-196"><a href="#cite_ref-ONE_HistoriaMetodologia_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicasio_RodríguezJesús_de_la_Rosa1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nicasio Rodríguez, Irma; Jesús de la Rosa (1998). Historia, Metodología y Organización de los Censos en República Dominicana: 1920–1993 (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Oficinal Nacional de Estadística. pp. 44, 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia%2C+Metodolog%C3%ADa+y+Organizaci%C3%B3n+de+los+Censos+en+Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana%3A+1920%E2%80%931993&rft.place=Santo+Domingo&rft.pages=44%2C+131&rft.pub=Oficinal+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Nicasio+Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=Irma&rft.au=Jes%C3%BAs+de+la+Rosa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_70_2.asp">Dominican Republic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624232219/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_70_2.asp">Archived</a> June 24, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Association of Religion Data Archives </li> <li id="cite_note-Religious_Transformations-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Religious_Transformations_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscher2009" class="citation journal cs1">Escher, Daniel F. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depts.washington.edu/chid/intersections_Winter_2009/Daniel_F._Escher_Protestant_Movement_in_the_Dominican_Republic.pdf">"Religious Transformations: The Protestant Movement in the Dominican Republic"</a> (PDF). Intersections. 10 (1): 519–570. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908154056/https://depts.washington.edu/chid/intersections_Winter_2009/Daniel_F._Escher_Protestant_Movement_in_the_Dominican_Republic.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intersections&rft.atitle=Religious+Transformations%3A+The+Protestant+Movement+in+the+Dominican+Republic&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=519-570&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Escher&rft.aufirst=Daniel+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fchid%2Fintersections_Winter_2009%2FDaniel_F._Escher_Protestant_Movement_in_the_Dominican_Republic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLand2014" class="citation book cs1">Land, Gary (October 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSovBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA94">Historical Dictionary of the Seventh-Day Adventists</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442241886" title="Special:BookSources/9781442241886"><bdi>9781442241886</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010041/https://books.google.com/books?id=PSovBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Seventh-Day+Adventists&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft.isbn=9781442241886&rft.aulast=Land&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSovBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=DMUM">"Dominican Union Conference - Adventist Organizational Directory"</a>. www.adventistdirectory.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155329/http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=DMUM">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.adventistdirectory.org&rft.atitle=Dominican+Union+Conference+-+Adventist+Organizational+Directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adventistdirectory.org%2FViewAdmField.aspx%3FAdmFieldID%3DDMUM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-religiousfreedom-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religiousfreedom_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-religiousfreedom_201-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-religiousfreedom_201-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080617175719/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Dominican_Republic/rbodies.html">"Religious Freedom Page"</a>. religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Dominican_Republic/rbodies.html">the original</a> on June 17, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu&rft.atitle=Religious+Freedom+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freligiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu%2Fnationprofiles%2FDominican_Republic%2Frbodies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/dominican-republic">"Dominican Republic: Facts and Statistics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415141012/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/dominican-republic">Archived</a> April 15, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_News" title="Church News">Church News</a>, 2020. Retrieved on March 25, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/roman-catholic-orders-and-missions/dominicans">"Dominicans – Encyclopedia of World Cultures"</a>. encyclopedia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419175034/https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/roman-catholic-orders-and-missions/dominicans">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Dominicans+%E2%80%93+Encyclopedia+of+World+Cultures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Fchristianity%2Froman-catholic-orders-and-missions%2Fdominicans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRefugees" class="citation web cs1">Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/502105c67d.html">"Refworld | 2011 Report on International Religious Freedom – Dominican Republic"</a>. Refworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417044431/https://www.refworld.org/docid/502105c67d.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+%26%23124%3B+2011+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom+%E2%80%93+Dominican+Republic&rft.aulast=Refugees&rft.aufirst=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F502105c67d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Haggerty1989" class="citation web cs1">Richard Haggerty (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/33.htm">"Dominican Republic: A Country Study: Religion"</a>. U.S. Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923042535/http://countrystudies.us/dominican-republic/33.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2006. Retrieved May 21, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dominican+Republic%3A+A+Country+Study%3A+Religion&rft.pub=U.S.+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Richard+Haggerty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fdominican-republic%2F33.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lebanon-migrants-register-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanon-migrants-register_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanon-migrants-register_206-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Hernández2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">González Hernández, Julio Amable (August 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/agosto2012/agosto201211.htm">"Registro de Inmigrantes de El Líbano"</a>. Cápsulas Genealógicas en Areíto (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816045056/http://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/agosto2012/agosto201211.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2013. <q>Recientemente conocimos un trabajo que se está llevando a cabo en el Club Libanés Sirio Palestino y que consiste en la elaboración de un minucioso registro de todos los inmigrantes que llegaron a la República Dominicana procedentes de El Líbano a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX. (...) En menor grado, también se está recabando información de los inmigrantes procedentes de Siria y Palestina. Hasta el presente, ya se tienen registros de unos 600 libaneses, 200 palestinos y 200 sirios. (...) Se calcula que en República Dominicana existen unos 80,000 descendientes de esos inmigrantes que una vez dejaron sus tierras para buscar una vida mejor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C%C3%A1psulas+Geneal%C3%B3gicas+en+Are%C3%ADto&rft.atitle=Registro+de+Inmigrantes+de+El+L%C3%ADbano&rft.date=2012-08-11&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Julio+Amable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idg.org.do%2Fcapsulas%2Fagosto2012%2Fagosto201211.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irrizarri-207"><a href="#cite_ref-Irrizarri_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrrizarri2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Irrizarri, Evelyn (September 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814105936/http://www.elcaribe.com.do/2013/09/26/ldquo-arrepiento-del-tiempo-que-dedique-politica.-fue-esteril-frustranterdquo">"José Rafael Abinader: "Me arrepiento del tiempo que le dediqué a la política""</a> (in Spanish). El Caribe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcaribe.com.do/2013/09/26/ldquo-arrepiento-del-tiempo-que-dedique-politica.-fue-esteril-frustranterdquo">the original</a> on August 14, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jos%C3%A9+Rafael+Abinader%3A+%22Me+arrepiento+del+tiempo+que+le+dediqu%C3%A9+a+la+pol%C3%ADtica%22&rft.pub=El+Caribe&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft.aulast=Irrizarri&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcaribe.com.do%2F2013%2F09%2F26%2Fldquo-arrepiento-del-tiempo-que-dedique-politica.-fue-esteril-frustranterdquo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levinson-208">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levinson_208-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levinson_208-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levinson_208-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevinson1998" class="citation book cs1">Levinson, David (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uwi-rv3VV6cC&pg=PA345">Ethnic groups worldwide: a ready reference handbook</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 345–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-019-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-019-1"><bdi>978-1-57356-019-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010042/https://books.google.com/books?id=uwi-rv3VV6cC&pg=PA345">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+groups+worldwide%3A+a+ready+reference+handbook&rft.pages=345-6&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-57356-019-1&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duwi-rv3VV6cC%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-migration-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-migration_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-migration_209-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-migration_209-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-migration_209-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-migration_209-4">e</a> <a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/caribbean.stm">"Brits Abroad"</a>. BBC News. December 6, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145922/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/caribbean.stm">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Brits+Abroad&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2Fbrits_abroad%2Fhtml%2Fcaribbean.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerreroHernáNdez_Cabreja2023" class="citation thesis cs1">Guerrero, Leovigildo Javier; HernáNdez Cabreja, Jorge (December 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.uasd.edu.do/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=17104">Inmigración de puertorriqueños en República Dominicana, período 1890 - 1920</a> (Thesis). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928220025/https://catalogo.uasd.edu.do/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=17104">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Inmigraci%C3%B3n+de+puertorrique%C3%B1os+en+Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana%2C+per%C3%ADodo+1890+-+1920&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=Leovigildo+Javier&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1Ndez+Cabreja%2C+Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogo.uasd.edu.do%2Fcgi-bin%2Fkoha%2Fopac-detail.pl%3Fbiblionumber%3D17104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SosuaJewishStudies-212"><a href="#cite_ref-SosuaJewishStudies_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510103344/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/Sosua-Jewish-Studies.cfm">"CCNY Jewish Studies Class to Visit Dominican Village that Provided Refuge to European Jews During World War II"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>. November 13, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/Sosua-Jewish-Studies.cfm">the original</a> on May 10, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCNY+Jewish+Studies+Class+to+Visit+Dominican+Village+that+Provided+Refuge+to+European+Jews+During+World+War+II&rft.pub=City+College+of+New+York&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fadvancement%2Fpr%2FSosua-Jewish-Studies.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110317050440/http://www.topix.com/forum/world/dominican-republic/T4ULLRH92RE5AQ2UL">"Growing Puerto Rican population in the Dominican Republic1"</a>. Universidad Central del Este. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topix.com/forum/world/dominican-republic/T4ULLRH92RE5AQ2UL">the original</a> on March 17, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Growing+Puerto+Rican+population+in+the+Dominican+Republic1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topix.com%2Fforum%2Fworld%2Fdominican-republic%2FT4ULLRH92RE5AQ2UL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/ms-de-medio-milln-de-inmigrantes-residen-en-el-pas-EDDL381577">"Más de medio millón de inmigrantes residen en el país"</a> [More than half a million immigrants living in the country] (in Spanish). diariolibre.com. May 1, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105175623/http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/ms-de-medio-milln-de-inmigrantes-residen-en-el-pas-EDDL381577">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=M%C3%A1s+de+medio+mill%C3%B3n+de+inmigrantes+residen+en+el+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2013-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariolibre.com%2Fnoticias%2Fms-de-medio-milln-de-inmigrantes-residen-en-el-pas-EDDL381577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/on-retirement/articles/2018-10-31/santo-domingo-an-affordable-caribbean-city-for-retirement">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200210173328/https://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/on-retirement/articles/2018-10-31/santo-domingo-an-affordable-caribbean-city-for-retirement">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.usnews.com%2Fmoney%2Fblogs%2Fon-retirement%2Farticles%2F2018-10-31%2Fsanto-domingo-an-affordable-caribbean-city-for-retirement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://do.usembassy.gov/happy-holidays-on-behalf-of-the-consular-section-of-u-s-embassy-santo-domingo/">"Happy Holidays on behalf of the Consular Section of U.S. Embassy Santo Domingo"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Santo_Domingo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embassy of the United States, Santo Domingo (page does not exist)">Embassy of the United States, Santo Domingo</a>. United States Department of State. Retrieved December 25, 2023. <q>Nearly 300,000 U.S. citizens live in the Dominican Republic, more than two million Dominicans live in the United States, and almost three million U.S. travelers visit the Dominican Republic every year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Embassy+of+the+United+States%2C+Santo+Domingo&rft.atitle=Happy+Holidays+on+behalf+of+the+Consular+Section+of+U.S.+Embassy+Santo+Domingo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdo.usembassy.gov%2Fhappy-holidays-on-behalf-of-the-consular-section-of-u-s-embassy-santo-domingo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/itineraries/dominican-republic">"Dominican Republic CDC Yellow Book 2024"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macarena_Garc%C3%ADa,_Luis_Bonilla,_Bianca_Alvarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macarena García, Luis Bonilla, Bianca Alvarez (page does not exist)">Macarena García, Luis Bonilla, Bianca Alvarez</a>. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved May 1, 2023. <q>Approximately 250,000 US citizens call the Dominican Republic home.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macarena+Garc%C3%ADa%2C+Luis+Bonilla%2C+Bianca+Alvarez&rft.atitle=Dominican+Republic+CDC+Yellow+Book+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwnc.cdc.gov%2Ftravel%2Fyellowbook%2F2024%2Fitineraries%2Fdominican-republic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOficina_Nacional_de_Estadística2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oficina Nacional de Estadística (June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121202090504/http://censo2010.one.gob.do/volumenes_censo_2010/vol1.pdf">"IX Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2010: Volumen 1 (Informe General)"</a> (PDF) (in Spanish). Santo Domingo. pp. 99–103. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censo2010.one.gob.do/volumenes_censo_2010/vol1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 2, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IX+Censo+Nacional+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Vivienda+2010%3A+Volumen+1+%28Informe+General%29&rft.place=Santo+Domingo&rft.pages=99-103&rft.date=2012-06&rft.au=Oficina+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcenso2010.one.gob.do%2Fvolumenes_censo_2010%2Fvol1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264276918-6-es.pdf?expires=1696959367&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=1865FE58D7E79131734F7D5514B898DA">"El panorama de la migración en República Dominicana"</a> (PDF). Interacciones entre Políticas Públicas, Migración y Desarrollo en República Dominicana. Caminos de Desarrollo. 2017. pp. 39–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1787%2F9789264276918-6-es">10.1787/9789264276918-6-es</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789264276901" title="Special:BookSources/9789264276901"><bdi>9789264276901</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111010308/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/interacciones-entre-politicas-publicas-migracion-y-desarrollo-en-republica-dominicana/el-panorama-de-la-migracion-en-republica-dominicana_9789264276918-6-es;jsessionid=dbkz3PkEujG3nO4PWMVLjgJF6bka-RyP12gH345k.ip-10-240-5-158">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+panorama+de+la+migraci%C3%B3n+en+Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana&rft.btitle=Interacciones+entre+Pol%C3%ADticas+P%C3%BAblicas%2C+Migraci%C3%B3n+y+Desarrollo+en+Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana&rft.series=Caminos+de+Desarrollo&rft.pages=39-59&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1787%2F9789264276918-6-es&rft.isbn=9789264276901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd-ilibrary.org%2Fdocserver%2F9789264276918-6-es.pdf%3Fexpires%3D1696959367%26id%3Did%26accname%3Dguest%26checksum%3D1865FE58D7E79131734F7D5514B898DA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martínez, Darlenny (May 2, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcaribe.com.do/2013/05/02/estudio-viven-534632-extranjeros">"Estudio: en RD viven 534,632 extranjeros"</a>. El Caribe (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212011803/http://www.elcaribe.com.do/2013/05/02/estudio-viven-534632-extranjeros">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2014. <q>Según la Primera Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes de la República Dominicana (ENI-2012), (...) Después de Haití, explica la investigación, las 10 naciones de donde proceden más inmigrantes son Estados Unidos, con 13,524; España, con 6,720, y Puerto Rico, con 4,416. Además Italia, con 4,040; China, con 3,643; Francia, con 3,599; Venezuela, con 3,434; Cuba con 3,145 inmigrantes; Colombia con 2,738 y Alemania con 1,792.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Caribe&rft.atitle=Estudio%3A+en+RD+viven+534%2C632+extranjeros&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=Darlenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcaribe.com.do%2F2013%2F05%2F02%2Festudio-viven-534632-extranjeros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONE-221"><a href="#cite_ref-ONE_221-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/dominicanrepublic/drive/InformeENI-2012-General.pdf">"Primera Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes (ENI-2012)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621051704/http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/dominicanrepublic/drive/InformeENI-2012-General.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-06-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (former 'Oficina Nacional de Estadística') & <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a>. p. 63. 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Bolívar_Díaz2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Juan Bolívar Díaz (May 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hoy.com.do/rd-pais-de-emigrantes-mas-que-de-inmigrantes/">"RD país de emigrantes más que de inmigrantes"</a> (in Spanish). Hoy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821134118/http://hoy.com.do/rd-pais-de-emigrantes-mas-que-de-inmigrantes/">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RD+pa%C3%ADs+de+emigrantes+m%C3%A1s+que+de+inmigrantes&rft.pub=Hoy&rft.date=2013-05-04&rft.au=Juan+Bol%C3%ADvar+D%C3%ADaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhoy.com.do%2Frd-pais-de-emigrantes-mas-que-de-inmigrantes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENI-2017-223"><a href="#cite_ref-ENI-2017_223-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dominicanrepublic.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20ENI-2017_FINAL.pdf#page=48">Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes en la República Dominicana [ENI-2017] - Versión resumida del Informe General</a> [Second National Survey of Immigrants in the Dominican Republic [ENI-2017] - Summary version of the General Report] (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Oficina Nacional de Estadística. June 2017. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9945-015-17-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9945-015-17-1"><bdi>978-9945-015-17-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604105824/https://dominicanrepublic.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Resumen%20Ejecutivo%20ENI-2017_FINAL.pdf#page=48">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 4, 2020. 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Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ej%C3%A9rcito+Nacional+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana+%E2%80%93+Bandera+Nacional&rft.pub=National+Army+of+the+Dominican+Republic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejercito.mil.do%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D165%26Itemid%3D132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez,_Yaniris2011" class="citation web cs1">López, Yaniris (July 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719112914/http://www.listindiario.com/la-vida/2011/7/16/196080/La-rosa-de-Bayahibe-nuestra-flor-nacional">"La rosa de Bayahíbe, nuestra flor nacional"</a>. Listin Diario. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.listindiario.com/la-vida/2011/7/16/196080/La-rosa-de-Bayahibe-nuestra-flor-nacional">the original</a> on July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Listin+Diario&rft.atitle=La+rosa+de+Bayah%C3%ADbe%2C+nuestra+flor+nacional&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft.au=L%C3%B3pez%2C+Yaniris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.listindiario.com%2Fla-vida%2F2011%2F7%2F16%2F196080%2FLa-rosa-de-Bayahibe-nuestra-flor-nacional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-depaul-293"><a href="#cite_ref-depaul_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pérez, Faustino. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081023033403/http://www.diariodigital.com.do/articulo%2C30016%2Chtml">"El jardín Botánico Nacional"</a> [The National Botanical Garden]. DiarioDigitalRD.com (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diariodigital.com.do/articulo,30016,html">the original</a> on October 23, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DiarioDigitalRD.com&rft.atitle=El+jard%C3%ADn+Bot%C3%A1nico+Nacional&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez&rft.aufirst=Faustino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariodigital.com.do%2Farticulo%2C30016%2Chtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baseballhall.org/node/1255">"Marichal, Juan"</a>. Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved July 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Marichal%2C+Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fnode%2F1255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuesan2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Puesan, Antonio (March 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116214549/http://www.sobreeldiamante.com/dominicana-busca-corona-en-clasico-mundial.html">"Dominicana busca corona en el clásico mundial"</a> [Dominicans looking for world classic crown] (in Spanish). Sobre el Diamante. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sobreeldiamante.com/dominicana-busca-corona-en-clasico-mundial.html">the original</a> on January 16, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dominicana+busca+corona+en+el+cl%C3%A1sico+mundial&rft.pub=Sobre+el+Diamante&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft.aulast=Puesan&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sobreeldiamante.com%2Fdominicana-busca-corona-en-clasico-mundial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleischerSam_AndreDon_Rafael2002" class="citation book cs1">Fleischer, Nat; Sam Andre; Don Rafael (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000flei/page/324">An Illustrated History of Boxing</a>. Citadel Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedhisto0000flei/page/324">324, 362, 428</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-2201-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-2201-2"><bdi>978-0-8065-2201-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+History+of+Boxing&rft.pages=324%2C+362%2C+428&rft.pub=Citadel+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8065-2201-2&rft.aulast=Fleischer&rft.aufirst=Nat&rft.au=Sam+Andre&rft.au=Don+Rafael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillustratedhisto0000flei%2Fpage%2F324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanahan2007" class="citation web cs1">Shanahan, Tom (March 24, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070505132520/http://www.sdhoc.com/main/articles/sportsatlunch/Sportsatlunch2007/Sanchezcastillo">"San Diego Hall of Champions – Sports at Lunch, Luis Castillo and Felix Sanchez"</a>. San Diego Hall of Champions. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdhoc.com/main/articles/sportsatlunch/Sportsatlunch2007/Sanchezcastillo">the original</a> on May 5, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Diego+Hall+of+Champions+%E2%80%93+Sports+at+Lunch%2C+Luis+Castillo+and+Felix+Sanchez&rft.pub=San+Diego+Hall+of+Champions&rft.date=2007-03-24&rft.aulast=Shanahan&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdhoc.com%2Fmain%2Farticles%2Fsportsatlunch%2FSportsatlunch2007%2FSanchezcastillo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206101315/http://www.fedojudo.org/fedojudo/index.cfm">"Fedujudo comparte con dirigentes provinciales"</a> (in Spanish). fedojudo.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fedojudo.org/fedojudo/index.cfm">the original</a> on December 6, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fedujudo+comparte+con+dirigentes+provinciales&rft.pub=fedojudo.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fedojudo.org%2Ffedojudo%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2017" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 (4th ed.). McFarland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492-2015&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheina2003" class="citation book cs1">Scheina, Robert L. (2003). Latin America's Wars Volume I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899. Potomac Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America%27s+Wars+Volume+I%3A+The+Age+of+the+Caudillo%2C+1791%E2%80%931899&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Scheina&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheina2003b" class="citation book cs1">Scheina, Robert L. (2003b). Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900–2001. Potomac Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+America%27s+Wars+Volume+II%3A+The+Age+of+the+Professional+Soldier%2C+1900%E2%80%932001&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Scheina&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADominican+Republic" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Goff, Frederick Richmond, Michael Locker, and North American Congress on Latin America. 1967. The Violence of Domination : U.S. Power and the Dominican Republic. New York: North American Congress on Latin America.</li> <li>Wiarda, Howard J., and Michael J. Kryzanek. The Dominican Republic: a Caribbean Crucible, in series, Nations of Contemporary Latin America, and also Westview Profiles. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86531-333-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86531-333-4">0-86531-333-4</a> pbk.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed" title="Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed">Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, 2005 and 2011 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780241958681" title="Special:BookSources/9780241958681">9780241958681</a>). See chapter 11 entitled "One Island, Two People, Two Histories: The Dominican Republic and Haiti".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Dominican Republic at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Dominican Republic">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="c:Dominican Republic">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Dominican Republic">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Dominican Republic">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Dominican Republic">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Dominican Republic">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Dominican Republic">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" class="extiw" title="voy:Dominican Republic">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>(in Spanish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001085820/http://www.presidencia.gob.do/">Presidency of the Dominican Republic</a> (archived 1 October 2012)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dominicanrepublic.com/">Official country website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701020555/http://www.dominicanrepublic.com/">Archived</a> July 1, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705060056/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/dominicanrepublic.htm">Dominican Republic</a> at UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived 5 July 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1216926.stm">Dominican Republic profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.godominicanrepublic.com/">Official website of the Ministry of Tourism of the Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dominicanrepublic.com/">Official Commercial Website Ministry of Tourism of the Dominican Republic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701020555/http://www.dominicanrepublic.com/">Archived</a> July 1, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iddi.org/">Official Website of the IDDI, Instituto Dominicano de Desarrollo Integral</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://socialjusticebooks.org/store/dominican-republic/">Caribbean Connections: Dominican Republic</a> – teaching guide for middle and high school students</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dominican_Republic_topics" title="Template:Dominican Republic topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dominican_Republic_topics" title="Template talk:Dominican Republic topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dominican_Republic_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dominican Republic topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dominican_Republic_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dominican Republic</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Dominican Republic">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">Cacicazgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Santo_Domingo" title="List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devastations_of_Osorio" title="Devastations of Osorio">Devastations of Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroons#Dominican_Republic" title="Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_de_Francia" title="Era de Francia">Era de Francia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_reconquest_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo">Spanish reconquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a_Boba" title="España Boba">España Boba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Spanish_Haiti" title="Republic of Spanish Haiti">Spanish Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Hispaniola" class="mw-redirect" title="Unification of Hispaniola">Unification of Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Trinitaria_(Dominican_Republic)" title="La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic)">La Trinitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_War_of_Independence" title="Dominican War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic">Spanish occupation 1861–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Restoration_War" title="Dominican Restoration War">Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">U.S. occupation 1916–1924</a></li> <li>Trujillo Era (<a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Trujillo" title="Héctor Trujillo">Héctor Trujillo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley_massacre" title="Parsley massacre">Parsley massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOMREP" title="DOMREP">DOMREP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="336" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Geography of the Dominican Republic">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Haiti_border" title="Dominican Republic–Haiti border">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cities in the Dominican Republic">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)" title="Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)">Ciudad Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of islands of the Dominican Republic">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain peaks of the Caribbean">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of municipalities of the Dominican Republic">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of national parks of the Dominican Republic">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Provinces of the Dominican Republic">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographic_Regions_of_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geographic Regions of the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of rivers of the Dominican Republic">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Fauna of the Dominican Republic">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Politics of the Dominican Republic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Cabinet of the Dominican Republic">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Congress of the Dominican Republic">Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies (Dominican Republic)">Chamber of Deputies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Constitution of the Dominican Republic">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Elections in the Dominican Republic">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Human rights in the Dominican Republic">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Dominican Republic">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Law of the Dominican Republic">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican National Police">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Dominican Republic">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Politics of the Dominican Republic">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of political parties in the Dominican Republic">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Dominican Republic">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Economy of the Dominican Republic">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_peso" title="Dominican peso">Peso (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of banks in the Dominican Republic">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Central Bank of the Dominican Republic">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of companies of the Dominican Republic">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Electricity sector in the Dominican Republic">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Tourism in the Dominican Republic">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Transport in the Dominican Republic">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Society of the Dominican Republic">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Crime in the Dominican Republic">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Demographics of the Dominican Republic">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Education in the Dominican Republic">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Health in the Dominican Republic">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Spanish" title="Dominican Spanish">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Public holidays in the Dominican Republic">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Dominican Republic">Water and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Culture of the Dominican Republic">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="National Anthem of the Dominican Republic">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_art" title="Dominican art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Flag of the Dominican Republic">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_literature" title="Dominican Republic literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the Dominican Republic">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in the Dominican Republic">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Outline of the Dominican Republic">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Dominican Republic–related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Dominican Republic">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dominican_Republic" title="Portal:Dominican Republic">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Municipalities_of_the_Dominican_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div 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height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of municipalities of the Dominican Republic">Municipalities of the Dominican Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azua_Province" title="Azua Province">Azua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azua_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azua (city)">Azua de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban%C3%ADa,_Azua" class="mw-redirect" title="Estebanía, Azua">Estebanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayabal,_Azua" title="Guayabal, Azua">Guayabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Charcas,_Azua" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Charcas, Azua">Las Charcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Las_Casas_(Azua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Padre Las Casas (Azua)">Padre Las Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peralta,_Azua" title="Peralta, Azua">Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Viejo,_Azua" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Viejo, Azua">Pueblo Viejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Sabana_Yegua" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueva Sabana Yegua">Nueva Sabana Yegua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_Yegua" title="Sabana Yegua">Sabana Yegua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1bara_Arriba" title="Tábara Arriba">Tábara Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Yayas_de_Viajama" title="Las Yayas de Viajama">Las Yayas de Viajama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baoruco_Province" title="Baoruco Province">Baoruco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galv%C3%A1n,_Dominican_Republic" title="Galván, Dominican Republic">Galván</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_R%C3%ADos,_Dominican_Republic" title="Los Ríos, Dominican Republic">Los Ríos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neiba" title="Neiba">Neiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamayo,_Dominican_Republic" title="Tamayo, Dominican Republic">Tamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Jaragua" title="Villa Jaragua">Villa Jaragua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barahona_Province" title="Barahona Province">Barahona</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabral,_Barahona" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabral, Barahona">Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n,_Barahona" class="mw-redirect" title="El Peñón, Barahona">El Peñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enriquillo,_Barahona" title="Enriquillo, Barahona">Enriquillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3n,_Barahona" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundación, Barahona">Fundación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaquimeyes" title="Jaquimeyes">Jaquimeyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ci%C3%A9naga,_Barahona" title="La Ciénaga, Barahona">La Ciénaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Salinas" title="Las Salinas">Las Salinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADso,_Barahona" title="Paraíso, Barahona">Paraíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo,_Barahona" class="mw-redirect" title="Polo, Barahona">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Barahona" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de Barahona">Santa Cruz de Barahona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Noble" title="Vicente Noble">Vicente Noble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dajab%C3%B3n_Province" title="Dajabón Province">Dajabón</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dajab%C3%B3n" title="Dajabón">Dajabón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pino_(Dominican_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Pino (Dominican Republic)">El Pino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_de_Cabrera" title="Loma de Cabrera">Loma de Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partido,_Dominican_Republic" title="Partido, Dominican Republic">Partido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restauraci%C3%B3n" title="Restauración">Restauración</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Distrito_Nacional" title="Distrito Nacional">Distrito Nacional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">See: <a href="/wiki/Distrito_Nacional#Sectors" title="Distrito Nacional">Sectors</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Province" title="Duarte Province">Duarte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arenoso" title="Arenoso">Arenoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castillo_(Duarte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castillo (Duarte)">Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos,_Duarte" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenio María de Hostos, Duarte">Eugenio María de Hostos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Gu%C3%A1ranas" title="Las Guáranas">Las Guáranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimentel,_Dominican_Republic" title="Pimentel, Dominican Republic">Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Francisco de Macorís">San Francisco de Macorís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Riva" title="Villa Riva">Villa Riva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a_Province" title="Elías Piña Province">Elías Piña</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_de_B%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco de Bánica">Bánica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comendador,_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Comendador, Elías Piña">Comendador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Llano,_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="El Llano, Elías Piña">El Llano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hondo_Valle,_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hondo Valle, Elías Piña">Hondo Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Santiago,_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Santiago, Elías Piña">Juan Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana,_El%C3%ADas_Pi%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Santana, Elías Piña">Pedro Santana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/El_Seibo_Province" title="El Seibo Province">El Seibo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miches" title="Miches">Miches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_El_Seibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de El Seibo">Santa Cruz de El Seibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Espaillat_Province" title="Espaillat Province">Espaillat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayetano_Germos%C3%A9n" title="Cayetano Germosén">Cayetano Germosén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Gaspar Hernández">Gaspar Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamao_al_Norte" title="Jamao al Norte">Jamao al Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moca,_Espaillat" class="mw-redirect" title="Moca, Espaillat">Moca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_V%C3%ADctor" title="San Víctor">San Víctor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hato_Mayor_Province" title="Hato Mayor Province">Hato Mayor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Valle,_Hato_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="El Valle, Hato Mayor">El Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hato_Mayor_del_Rey" title="Hato Mayor del Rey">Hato Mayor del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_de_la_Mar" title="Sabana de la Mar">Sabana de la Mar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hermanas_Mirabal_Province" title="Hermanas Mirabal Province">Hermanas Mirabal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salcedo,_Hermanas_Mirabal" class="mw-redirect" title="Salcedo, Hermanas Mirabal">Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenares" title="Tenares">Tenares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Tapia" title="Villa Tapia">Villa Tapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independencia_Province" title="Independencia Province">Independencia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal,_Independencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristóbal, Independencia">Cristóbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duverg%C3%A9" title="Duvergé">Duvergé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiman%C3%AD" title="Jimaní">Jimaní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Descubierta" title="La Descubierta">La Descubierta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mella,_Independencia" title="Mella, Independencia">Mella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postrer_R%C3%ADo" title="Postrer Río">Postrer Río</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Altagracia_Province" title="La Altagracia Province">La Altagracia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hig%C3%BCey_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Higüey (city)">Higüey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_del_Yuma" title="San Rafael del Yuma">San Rafael del Yuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Romana_Province,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Romana Province, Dominican Republic">La Romana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaymate" title="Guaymate">Guaymate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Romana, Dominican Republic">La Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Hermosa" title="Villa Hermosa">Villa Hermosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Vega_Province" title="La Vega Province">La Vega</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Vega,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Vega, Dominican Republic">Concepción de la Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constanza,_Dominican_Republic" title="Constanza, Dominican Republic">Constanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarabacoa" title="Jarabacoa">Jarabacoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jima_Abajo" title="Jima Abajo">Jima Abajo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez_Province" title="María Trinidad Sánchez Province">María Trinidad Sánchez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabrera,_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Cabrera, María Trinidad Sánchez">Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Factor" title="El Factor">El Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_San_Juan,_Mar%C3%ADa_Trinidad_S%C3%A1nchez" class="mw-redirect" title="Río San Juan, María Trinidad Sánchez">Río San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagua" title="Nagua">Nagua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel_Province" title="Monseñor Nouel Province">Monseñor Nouel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonao" title="Bonao">Bonao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maim%C3%B3n" title="Maimón">Maimón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedra_Blanca" title="Piedra Blanca">Piedra Blanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristi_Province" title="Monte Cristi Province">Monte Cristi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta%C3%B1uelas" title="Castañuelas">Castañuelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayub%C3%ADn" title="Guayubín">Guayubín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Matas_de_Santa_Cruz" title="Las Matas de Santa Cruz">Las Matas de Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepillo_Salcedo,_Dominican_Republic" title="Pepillo Salcedo, Dominican Republic">Pepillo Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristi,_Dominican_Republic" title="Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic">San Fernando de Monte Cristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_V%C3%A1squez" title="Villa Vásquez">Villa Vásquez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Plata_Province" title="Monte Plata Province">Monte Plata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peralvillo" title="Peralvillo">Peralvillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_Grande_de_Boy%C3%A1" title="Sabana Grande de Boyá">Sabana Grande de Boyá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas%C3%A1" title="Yamasá">Yamasá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayaguana" title="Bayaguana">Bayaguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Plata" title="Monte Plata">Monte Plata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pedernales_Province" title="Pedernales Province">Pedernales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo,_Pedernales" class="mw-redirect" title="Oviedo, Pedernales">Oviedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedernales,_Pedernales" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedernales, Pedernales">Pedernales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Plata_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Plata province">Puerto Plata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altamira,_Puerto_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="Altamira, Puerto Plata">Altamira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guananico" title="Guananico">Guananico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbert,_Puerto_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="Imbert, Puerto Plata">Imbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Hidalgos" title="Los Hidalgos">Los Hidalgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luper%C3%B3n,_Dominican_Republic" title="Luperón, Dominican Republic">Luperón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Plata (city)">San Felipe de Puerto Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sos%C3%BAa" title="Sosúa">Sosúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Isabela" title="Villa Isabela">Villa Isabela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Montellano" title="Villa Montellano">Villa Montellano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peravia_Province" title="Peravia Province">Peravia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ban%C3%AD" title="Baní">Baní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matanzas,_Peravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Matanzas, Peravia">Matanzas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizao" title="Nizao">Nizao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Province" title="Samaná Province">Samaná</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Terrenas" title="Las Terrenas">Las Terrenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_(town)" title="Samaná (town)">Santa Bárbara de Samaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez,_Saman%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Sánchez, Samaná">Sánchez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Province" title="San Cristóbal Province">San Cristóbal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajos_de_Haina" title="Bajos de Haina">Bajos de Haina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal,_Dominican_Republic" title="San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic">San Cristóbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambita_Garabitos" title="Cambita Garabitos">Cambita Garabitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Cacaos" title="Los Cacaos">Los Cacaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_Grande_de_Palenque" title="Sabana Grande de Palenque">Sabana Grande de Palenque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gregorio_de_Nigua" title="San Gregorio de Nigua">San Gregorio de Nigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gregorio_de_Yaguate" class="mw-redirect" title="San Gregorio de Yaguate">San Gregorio de Yaguate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Altagracia" title="Villa Altagracia">Villa Altagracia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa_Province" title="San José de Ocoa Province">San José de Ocoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Arriba" title="Rancho Arriba">Rancho Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_Larga" title="Sabana Larga">Sabana Larga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Ocoa" title="San José de Ocoa">San José de Ocoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Province_(Dominican_Republic)" title="San Juan Province (Dominican Republic)">San Juan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohech%C3%ADo" title="Bohechío">Bohechío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cercado" title="El Cercado">El Cercado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Herrera,_Dominican_Republic" title="Juan de Herrera, Dominican Republic">Juan de Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Matas_de_Farf%C3%A1n" title="Las Matas de Farfán">Las Matas de Farfán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_la_Maguana" title="San Juan de la Maguana">San Juan de la Maguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallejuelo" title="Vallejuelo">Vallejuelo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs_Province" title="San Pedro de Macorís Province">San Pedro de Macorís</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo,_Dominican_Republic" title="Consuelo, Dominican Republic">Consuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayacanes,_San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayacanes, San Pedro de Macorís">Guayacanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisqueya,_San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="Quisqueya, San Pedro de Macorís">Quisqueya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Santana,_San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramón Santana, San Pedro de Macorís">Ramón Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_los_Llanos" title="San José de los Llanos">San José de los Llanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Macor%C3%ADs" title="San Pedro de Macorís">San Pedro de Macorís</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez_Province" title="Sánchez Ramírez Province">Sánchez Ramírez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cevicos" title="Cevicos">Cevicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotu%C3%AD" title="Cotuí">Cotuí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantino" title="Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mata,_Dominican_Republic" title="La Mata, Dominican Republic">La Mata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Province_(Dominican_Republic)" title="Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)">Santiago</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baitoa" title="Baitoa">Baitoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nico" title="Jánico">Jánico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licey_al_Medio" title="Licey al Medio">Licey al Medio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%C3%B1al" title="Puñal">Puñal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_Iglesia" title="Sabana Iglesia">Sabana Iglesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_las_Matas" title="San José de las Matas">San José de las Matas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago de los Caballeros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamboril,_Dominican_Republic" title="Tamboril, Dominican Republic">Tamboril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison%C3%B3" title="Bisonó">Bisonó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Villa González">Villa González</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Province" title="Santiago Rodríguez Province">Santiago Rodríguez</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Ignacio_de_Sabaneta" class="mw-redirect" title="San Ignacio de Sabaneta">San Ignacio de Sabaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monci%C3%B3n" title="Monción">Monción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Los_Alm%C3%A1cigos" title="Villa Los Almácigos">Villa Los Almácigos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Province" title="Santo Domingo Province">Santo Domingo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alcarrizos" title="Los Alcarrizos">Los Alcarrizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Chica" title="Boca Chica">Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Brand" title="Pedro Brand">Pedro Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_de_Guerra" title="San Antonio de Guerra">San Antonio de Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Este" title="Santo Domingo Este">Santo Domingo Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Norte" title="Santo Domingo Norte">Santo Domingo Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Oeste" title="Santo Domingo Oeste">Santo Domingo Oeste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valverde_Province" title="Valverde Province">Valverde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperanza,_Dominican_Republic" title="Esperanza, Dominican Republic">Esperanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Salada" title="Laguna Salada">Laguna Salada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao,_Dominican_Republic" title="Mao, Dominican Republic">Santa Cruz de Mao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_parks_of_the_Dominican_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template:National parks of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template talk:National parks of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_parks_of_the_Dominican_Republic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of national parks of the Dominican Republic">National parks of the Dominican Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">• <a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Maravillas_National_Park" title="Cueva de las Maravillas National Park">Cueva de las Maravillas National Park</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Choco_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Choco National Park (page does not exist)">El Choco National Park</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabel_De_Torres_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabel De Torres National Park (page does not exist)">Isabel De Torres National Park</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isla_Cabritos_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isla Cabritos National Park (page does not exist)">Isla Cabritos National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jaragua_National_Park" title="Jaragua National Park">Jaragua National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Armando_Berm%C3%BAdez_National_Park" title="José Armando Bermúdez National Park">José Armando Bermúdez National Park</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_del_Carmen_Ram%C3%ADrez_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José del Carmen Ramírez National Park (page does not exist)">José del Carmen Ramírez National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/La_Caleta_Underwater_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="La Caleta Underwater National Park">La Caleta Underwater National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Los_Haitises_National_Park" title="Los Haitises National Park">Los Haitises National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cristi_National_Park" title="Monte Cristi National Park">Monte Cristi National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Parque_Nacional_Del_Este" title="Parque Nacional Del Este">Parque Nacional Del Este</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perez_Rancier_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perez Rancier National Park (page does not exist)">Perez Rancier National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Viejo_National_Park" title="Pueblo Viejo National Park">Pueblo Viejo National Park</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_De_Baoruco_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra De Baoruco National Park (page does not exist)">Sierra De Baoruco National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Valle_Nuevo_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle Nuevo National Park">Valle Nuevo National Park</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Dominican Republic"><img alt="Flag of the Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Dominican_Republic&#124;link=Dominican_Republic_People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template:People of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template talk:People of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Dominican_Republic&#124;link=Dominican_Republic_People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the Dominican Republic">People of the Dominican Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Dominicans" title="Afro-Dominicans">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocolo" title="Cocolo">Cocolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Samaná Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_%C3%A1rabe_a_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración árabe a República Dominicana">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Haitians in the Dominican Republic">Haitians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Indians in the Dominican Republic">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_settlement_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Japanese settlement in the Dominican Republic">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dominicans" title="White Dominicans">White</a> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_en_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración española en la República Dominicana">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_francesa_en_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración francesa en la República Dominicana">French</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indigenous peoples of the Dominic Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciguayos" title="Ciguayos">Ciguayos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_Dominicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed Dominicans">Mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Dominicans" title="Italian Dominicans">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_venezolana_en_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración venezolana en República Dominicana">Venezuelans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dominican_Republic" title="Portal:Dominican Republic">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template:Presidents of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">Presidents of the Dominican Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of presidents of the Dominican Republic">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1844–1865</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Jimenes" title="Manuel Jimenes">M. Jimenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Regla_Mota" title="Manuel de Regla Mota">Regla Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Desiderio_Valverde" title="José Desiderio Valverde">Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Santana" title="Pedro Santana">Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic">Spanish occupation (1861–1865)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="336" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Restoration_War" title="Dominican Restoration War">Restoration War (1863–1865)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Salcedo" title="José Antonio Salcedo">Salcedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Polanco" title="Gaspar Polanco">Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Filomeno_de_Rojas" title="Benigno Filomeno de Rojas">Rojas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1865–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Antonio_Pimentel" title="Pedro Antonio Pimentel">Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cabral" title="José María Cabral">J. Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Guillermo" title="Pedro Guillermo">P. Guillermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Cabral" title="José María Cabral">J. Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Francisco_Espaillat" title="Ulises Francisco Espaillat">Espaillat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Antonio_Cabral" title="Marcos Antonio Cabral">M. Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_B%C3%A1ez" title="Buenaventura Báez">B. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesareo_Guillermo" title="Cesareo Guillermo">C. Guillermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mar%C3%ADa_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(politician)" title="Ignacio María González (politician)">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_de_Castro" title="Jacinto de Castro">Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesareo_Guillermo" title="Cesareo Guillermo">C. Guillermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n" title="Gregorio Luperón">Luperón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Arturo_de_Meri%C3%B1o" title="Fernando Arturo de Meriño">Meriño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Heureaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gregorio_Billini" title="Francisco Gregorio Billini">Billini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil" title="Alejandro Woss y Gil">Woss y Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulises_Heureaux" title="Ulises Heureaux">Heureaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslao_Figuereo" title="Wenceslao Figuereo">Figuereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Vásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Isidro_Jimenes_Pereyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra">J. Jimenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Vásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Woss_y_Gil" title="Alejandro Woss y Gil">Woss y Gil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_Morales" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Felipe Morales">Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Ramón Cáceres">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eladio_Victoria" title="Eladio Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Alejandro_Nouel" title="Adolfo Alejandro Nouel">Nouel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bordas_Valdez" title="José Bordas Valdez">Bordas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_B%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón Báez">R. Báez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Isidro_Jimenes_Pereyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra">J. Jimenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Henr%C3%ADquez_y_Carvajal" title="Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal">Henríquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">United States occupation (1916–1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Vicini_Burgos" title="Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos">Vicini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1924–1966</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Horacio Vásquez">Vásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Estrella_Ure%C3%B1a" title="Rafael Estrella Ureña">Estrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">R. Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Peynado" title="Jacinto Peynado">Peynado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Troncoso_de_la_Concha" title="Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha">Troncoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo" title="Rafael Trujillo">R. Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Trujillo" title="Héctor Trujillo">H. Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Balaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Filiberto_Bonnelly" title="Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly">Bonnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Juan Bosch (politician)">Bosch</a></li> <li>Provisional Junta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumvirate_of_1963" title="Triumvirate of 1963">First Triumvirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Triumvirate_(Dominican_Republic)" title="Second Triumvirate (Dominican Republic)">Second Triumvirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rafael_Molina_Ure%C3%B1a" title="José Rafael Molina Ureña">Molina</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Caama%C3%B1o" title="Francisco Caamaño">Caamaño</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Bartolom%C3%A9_Benoit" title="Pedro Bartolomé Benoit">Benoit</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Imbert_Barrera" title="Antonio Imbert Barrera">Imbert</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Garc%C3%ADa-Godoy" title="Héctor García-Godoy">García Godoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After 1966</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Balaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Antonio Guzmán Fernández">Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobo_Majluta" title="Jacobo Majluta">Majluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Jorge_Blanco" title="Salvador Jorge Blanco">Jorge Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Balaguer" title="Joaquín Balaguer">Balaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Leonel Fernández">Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Mej%C3%ADa" title="Hipólito Mejía">Mejía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Leonel Fernández">Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Medina" title="Danilo Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Abinader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>‡ Served during the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Airports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Airports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template:Airports in the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Airports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template talk:Airports in the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Airports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Airports in the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Airports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of airports in the Dominican Republic">Airports in the</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dominican Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">International</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Montez_International_Airport" title="María Montez International Airport">Barahona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Romana_International_Airport" title="La Romana International Airport">La Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Luper%C3%B3n_International_Airport" title="Gregorio Luperón International Airport">Puerto Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana_International_Airport" title="Punta Cana International Airport">Punta Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_El_Catey_International_Airport" title="Samaná El Catey International Airport">Samaná–El Catey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibao_International_Airport" title="Cibao International Airport">Santiago de los Caballeros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Am%C3%A9ricas_International_Airport" title="Las Américas International Airport">Santo Domingo–Las Américas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Isabela_International_Airport" title="La Isabela International Airport">Santo Domingo–La Isabela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_airport" title="Domestic airport">Domestic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constanza_Airport" title="Constanza Airport">Constanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dajab%C3%B3n_Airport" title="Dajabón Airport">Dajabón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osvaldo_Virgil_Airport" title="Osvaldo Virgil Airport">Montecristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Rojo_Airport" title="Cabo Rojo Airport">Pedernales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabana_de_la_Mar_Airport" title="Sabana de la Mar Airport">Sabana de la Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Barril_Airport" title="Arroyo Barril Airport">Samaná–Arroyo Barril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_la_Maguana_Airport" title="San Juan de la Maguana Airport">San Juan de la Maguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_Las_Maravillas_Airport" title="Cueva Las Maravillas Airport">San Pedro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Isidro_Air_Base" title="San Isidro Air Base">San Isidro Air Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;"><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azua_Dominican_Field" title="Azua Dominican Field">Azua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batey_Luisa_Field" title="Batey Luisa Field">Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Field" title="Consuelo Field">Consuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batey_Anita_Field" title="Batey Anita Field">Consuelo–Batey Anita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Field" title="Angelina Field">Cotuí–Angelina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Field" title="San Miguel Field">Cotuí–San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Valle_Field" title="El Valle Field">El Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enriquillo_Field" title="Enriquillo Field">Enriquillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Field" title="Esperanza Field">Esperanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baigua_Field" title="Baigua Field">Higüey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimani_Field" title="Jimani Field">Jimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Caleta_Field" title="La Caleta Field">La Romana–La Caleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Ponton_Airport" title="El Ponton Airport">La Vega–El Ponton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walterio_Field" title="Walterio Field">Montecristi–Walterio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Plata_Batley_Juan_Sanchez_Field" title="Monte Plata Batley Juan Sanchez Field">Monte Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Montones_Field" title="Los Montones Field">San Cristobal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenio_Quisqueya_Field" title="Ingenio Quisqueya Field">San Pedro–Ingenio Quisqueya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herrera_International_Airport" title="Herrera International Airport">Herrera International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Portillo_Airport" title="El Portillo Airport">Samaná–El Portillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punta_%C3%81guila_International_Airport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punta Águila International Airport (page does not exist)">Punta Águila International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Municipal_Airport" title="Santiago Municipal Airport">Santiago Municipal Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Dominican_Republic" title="List of the busiest airports in Dominican Republic">Statistics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ports_and_harbors_in_the_Dominican_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:lightsteelblue"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ports_and_Harbors_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template:Ports and Harbors in the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ports_and_Harbors_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Template talk:Ports and Harbors in the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ports_and_Harbors_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ports and Harbors in the Dominican Republic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ports_and_harbors_in_the_Dominican_Republic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ports and harbors in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dominican Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Azua" title="Port of Azua">Port of Azua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Barahona" title="Port of Barahona">Port of Barahona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Boca_Chica" title="Port of Boca Chica">Port of Boca Chica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Cabo_Rojo" title="Port of Cabo Rojo">Port of Cabo Rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimodal_Caucedo_Port" title="Multimodal Caucedo Port">Multimodal Caucedo Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Romana_Port" title="Central Romana Port">Central Romana Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayo_Levantado_Port" title="Cayo Levantado Port">Cayo Levantado Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haina_Occidental_Port" title="Haina Occidental Port">Haina Occidental Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanillo_Port" title="Manzanillo Port">Manzanillo Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Puerto_Plata" title="Port of Puerto Plata">Port of Puerto Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Pedro_de_Macoris" title="Port of San Pedro de Macoris">Port of San Pedro de Macoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Port of Santo Domingo">Port of Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Dominican Republic"><img alt="Flag of the Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/95px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/143px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/190px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_North_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Esparta" title="Nueva Esparta">Nueva Esparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/120px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/180px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/240px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">St. Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123700622">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158288801">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157820855">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206148/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpYpXt9txTVQWGBCbdxXd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4012694-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79094586">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162779p">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118654278">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162779p">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118654278">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561679">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35740210">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129063&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451435">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/558371">Portugal</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/567219">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557306405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/696cb3e0-5084-30ab-9916-65ece70adbf6">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14059180?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/fd14d78b-ed1e-41ca-bd84-5dbd36ef2ed3">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/CCq00pwv">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026399520">IdRef</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027379647">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003383">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044698">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20735">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dominican_Republic&params=19_00_N_70_40_W_">19°00′N 70°40′W / 19.000°N 70.667°W / 19.000; -70.667</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_Republic&oldid=1258765031">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican_Republic&oldid=1258765031</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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